RU2325794C2 - Method of direct grass seeding and seeding machine used for purpose - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: suggested process consists of the following activities: cutting out a sod layer slice within the tillage area, its reversal and removal outside the above area with the slice being divided in two equal parts to be finally relocated (unloosened) to the uncultivated spacings stretching along the tillage area border zones, sowing groove formation, dropping seeds into the groove, seed embedment and groove compaction. Sod layer slices are additionally cut out along the both sides of the tillage area at an averaged angle of the slope of repose with the cross section trapezoidal-shaped, larger base upwards, and the sowing groove in the middle. The sowing groove formation and seed dropping are done by way of cutting the sod layer axially thus forming a groove (depth - h_1, density of soil - γ₁). Then (after removal of the sod slices outside the tillage area) the groove is additionally cultivated for the depth to be h₂ and density of soil - γ₂. After that the soil loosened is shovelled into the groove prepared and a new groove is formed in the loose soil combined with dropping of seeds at depth h₃. Then the seeds are covered with soil which becomes compacted for the depth of the groove to be h_4, soil density - γ₄ and seed embedment depth -h₃. One shall control the groove depth and soil density parameters so that h₁<h₂>h₃ and γ₁>γ₂>γ₃<γ₄. The seeding machine consists of a frame, track rollers, seeding depth mechanism, seed dropping device, colters, bilateral breast hoes, slit cutting knives, suffolk openers, covering knives and spring-mounted support-and-compaction rollers. The seeding machine is equipped with a device intended for deepening the seeding groove formed by the slit cutting knife and a leveller placed immediately behind it. Each colter mounted in front of a breast hoe forms a single unit together with the slit-cutting knife it is equipped with. The breast hoe is additionally equipped with slitting knives attached at its sides and positioned angularly to the hoe horizontal plane. The technology suggested helps to minimise energy consumption of the grass direct seeding process, improve the quality of the seeding groove preparation, enhance uniformity of the seeds embedment depth and optimise establishment of the grass seeds sown.

EFFECT: minimise energy consumption of the grass direct seeding process combined with quality optimisation.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to methods and technical means for improving meadows, pastures and tinning of arable land removed from agricultural circulation, mainly by direct sowing of grasses and grass mixtures in turf.

There is a method of strip sowing grass in the turf, including the operation of loosening the turf in the processing strip by means of milling sections closed by a casing, sowing seeds into the treated strip through the seed tubes integrated in the casing, and compaction of the sowing furrow using press rollers (Technology and technical means for strip sowing grass in the sod: Recommendations / NIISH of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky. - Kirov, 2000. - 58 p.).

However, this method of strip sowing and a device for its implementation is characterized by a high energy intensity of the process, low quality of preparation of the sowing furrow, uneven seed placement in depth and high competition of natural grass in the boundary zones of the processing strip.

There is also known a method of direct sowing of herbs, including cutting the sod layer in the treatment strip, wrapping and removing it from this strip with dividing the layer into two equal parts and laying them without loosening on the untreated row spacing along the boundary zones of the treatment strip, the formation of a sowing groove, sowing seeds in groove, closing them and rolling grooves. A known device for implementing this method is a seeder for sowing herbs, including a frame, support rollers, a mechanism for seeding depth, a device for sowing seeds, vertical knives, bilateral claws-dumpers, knives-crevice, keeled openers, shorting and supporting-spring-loaded rollers (RU 2238624 C2, 10.27.2004). This method and device is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of this method and device are:

1. Uneven seeding of seeds in depth due to shedding of soil into the furrow after loosening by the dump paw.

2. Shading of seedlings from the walls of the grooves of a rectangular profile.

3. The increased energy intensity of the process due to the rolling of the inverted turf with rollers.

4. The unevenness of the sowing process due to the location of the working bodies in one transverse row.

5. It is not possible to transport the device over long distances due to the lack of pneumatic wheels.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the cutting of the turf layer is additionally carried out on both sides of the treatment strip at an average angle of natural slope of the soil with the formation of a trapezoidal profile in the cross section with a large base up and a seed groove in the middle, while the formation of a seed groove and sowing of seeds is done by cutting the turf axially to form a groove with the walls to a depth of ₁ h with a density of soil γ _1, loosening furrow to a depth of h to a density of ₂ γ ₂ after removing seams der ins from Swath raking loosened soil in the formed groove, the formation of grooves in the loose soil and simultaneous seeding to h ₃ depth at a density γ _3, cover the seeds with soil and then compacting the seed furrow to a depth h ₄ to density γ ₄ and fixation of the drilling depth h ₃ , while the parameters of the depth of the groove during its formation and the density of the soil in the groove correspond to the conditions h ₁ <h ₂ > h ₃ and γ ₁ > γ ₂ > γ ₃ <γ ₄ . Performing a trapezoidal sowing furrow improves the illumination of the sown grass seeds, and later on the seedlings, increases the area of atmospheric precipitation reception.

The essence of the invention also lies in the fact that the seeder for sowing herbs, including a frame, support rollers, a mechanism for sowing seeds, a device for sowing seeds, vertical knives, bilateral claws-dumpers, knives, crevice, keeled openers, earthing and supporting-spring-loaded the rollers are additionally equipped with a cultivator for deepening the groove for seeds cut by the shearer knife and the leveler placed behind it; moreover, on each vertical knife installed in front of the dumping blade, a shearer knife is mounted with the formation of a single part, and cutting knives located at an angle to the horizontal plane of the paw are fixed along the edges of the dump paw. The slit knife is mounted on a vertical knife with the possibility of removal and is made of wear-resistant material. In addition, a vertical knife with a slit knife, a dumping foot, a coulter, a zagotach and a supporting roller are mounted on a common frame in one sowing section, the frame is mounted with the possibility of adjustments relative to the seeder frame, and the seeder suspension is hinged and spring-loaded and has the possibility of transverse movements. Each zagortach is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, made elastic, has a U-shape in cross section and is located in front of the bell. Performing the zagortachka elastic allows you not to injure the seeds, a small percentage of which pops up when you hit the sides and the bottom of the sowing groove, and return them together with the soil to the groove.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of direct sowing of herbs, improving the quality of preparation of the sowing furrow, improving the uniformity of seed placement in depth and the survival rate of sown seeds of grass.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a seeder for direct sowing of herbs, Fig. 2 shows a plan for placing seed sections on a seeder frame, Fig. 3 shows a sowing section, and Fig. 4 shows transverse sections of a processing strip along technological transitions A, B, C, D, E, F.

The seeder for direct sowing of grasses contains a frame 1 on which a device for sowing seeds 2 is installed, sowing sections 3, removable slit-cutting knives 4, cutting knives 5, openers 6, shorting 7, frames 8, double-sided dumping legs 9, supporting-rolling rollers 10, suspensions 11, pneumatic wheels 12, balers 13, openers extensions 14, rippers 15, equalizers 16, springs 17.

The method of direct sowing of herbs in turf is as follows.

When the seeder moves through the meadow, the slit-cutting knives 4 cut the turf in a vertical plane to a predetermined depth - Fig. 4, Scheme A. But, forming slit-like grooves, the dump paw 9 cuts the soil to the left and to the right of the slit groove, simultaneously cutting knives 5 are cut from monolithic soil two trapezoidal layers, which are wrapped with a dumping paw 9, and stacks them on an untreated row spacing left and right along the boundary zones of the treatment strip - Fig. 4, Scheme B, simultaneously the cultivator 15 loosens and deepens the groove - Fig. 4, Scheme C, which is then it is covered with soil using the equalizer 16 - Fig. 4, diagram D. The opener 6, moving along the trail of a slit-like groove, spreads the groove with its mouth 13 with the formation of soil tubercles to the left and right of the groove and compacts the soil along the lateral surfaces, at the same time sows grass seeds, coming from the sowing device 2 to the bottom of the grooves - figure 4, scheme E. Zagortach 7 U-shaped rakes seeds that are outside the grooves, together with soil displaced by the moving coulter 6 with the bed 13, and closes the sowing groove. Support-rolling roller 10 compacts the soil above the sowing groove - figure 4, scheme F, providing reliable contact of the seeds with the soil. The depth of stroke of the slit-cutting knife 4 and the paw-dumper 9 is controlled by moving them in a vertical plane, and the depth of the coulter 6 is controlled by moving and fixing the height of the support-rolling roller 10.

Claims (8)

1. A method of direct sowing of herbs, including cutting the sod layer in the treatment strip, wrapping and removing it from this strip with dividing the layer into two equal parts and laying them without loosening on the untreated row spacing along the boundary zones of the treatment strip, the formation of a seed groove, sowing seeds in a groove, their closing and rolling the grooves, characterized in that the sod is cut out additionally on both sides of the processing strip at an average angle of natural slope of the soil with the formation in cross the main section of the trapezoidal profile with a large base up and a seed groove in the middle, while the formation of a seed groove and sowing of seeds is performed by cutting the turf along the axis with the formation of a groove with walls to a depth of h ₁ with soil density γ ₁ , loosening the groove to a depth of h ₂ to density γ ₂ after removal of the layers of sod strips from the processing raking loosened soil in the formed groove, the formation of grooves in the loose soil and simultaneous seeding depth for ₃ h with a density γ _3, cover soil and seed n following compacting the seed furrow to a depth h ₄ to density γ ₄ and fixation of the drilling depth h _3, wherein the parameters depth grooves at its formation and soil density in the groove satisfy the conditions: h ₁ <h _2> h ₃ and γ _1> γ _2> γ ₃ <γ ₄ . 2. A seeder for sowing grasses, including a frame, track rollers, a mechanism for sowing seeds, a device for sowing seeds, vertical knives, double-sided claws, shear knives, keeled openers, earthing machines and supporting spring-loaded rollers, characterized in that the seeder is equipped with a cultivator for deepening the groove for seeds cut by the shearer knife and an equalizer placed behind it, while on each vertical knife installed in front of the dumping blade, the shear knife is mounted with the formation of a single part, and atm paw-otvalchika further fixed knives cut through at an angle to the horizontal plane of the paw. 3. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the slit knife is mounted on a vertical knife with the possibility of removal and is made of wear-resistant material. 4. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the vertical knife with a slit knife, the dumping foot, the opener, the earthing tool and the supporting-roller are mounted on a common frame in one sowing section, the frame is mounted with the possibility of adjustments relative to the seeder frame, and the suspension of the seed section is hinged and spring-loaded and has the possibility of lateral movements. 5. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that each earthenware is mounted with the possibility of vertical movement, made elastic, has a U-shape in cross section and is located in front of the bell. 6. The seeder according to any one of paragraphs.2 and 4, characterized in that in the sowing section the paw dumper, the opener, the earthing machine and the supporting roller are located in one line, and on the frame of the section are placed in several rows with the formation of a wedge shape . 7. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that on the wings of the paw-dumper, openers extenders are installed at an angle relative to the direction of movement of the seeder. 8. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the seeder frame is supported by pneumatic wheels with the possibility of rolling over the surface of the earth during sowing and during transportation.

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