CN108738416B

CN108738416B - Soil farming machinery

Info

Publication number: CN108738416B
Application number: CN201810386428.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王晓倩
Original assignee: Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Intelligent Manufacturing of Wenzhou University
Current assignee: Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Intelligent Manufacturing of Wenzhou University
Priority date: 2018-04-26
Filing date: 2018-04-26
Publication date: 2021-09-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-26
Also published as: CN108738416A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly discloses a soil cultivation mechanical device, which comprises a vehicle body, wherein the bottom of the vehicle body is provided with a traveling wheel; be equipped with sieve and a actuating mechanism on the automobile body, sieve is towards collecting box direction downward sloping, and it has a plurality of first sieve meshes to open on the sieve, is equipped with cutting member in every first sieve mesh, and cutting member is including cutting the pole and locating the sawtooth on cutting pole top, and first sieve mesh is worn out at the both ends of cutting member to the sawtooth downward sloping. The screen frame of the soil cultivation mechanical device is not easy to block, and has long-term better screening capability on soil.

Description

Soil farming machinery

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly discloses a soil cultivation mechanical device.

Background

In order to facilitate operations such as farming, seeding, irrigation, drainage, fertilization, pesticide application, harvesting and the like, workers firstly remove rocks, weeds and the like which obstruct mechanical operation and influence crop growth on the surface layer of soil, and the cleaning depth is about thirty-five centimeters generally. The existing machine can carry redundant soil when treating rocks and weeds, so that the surface soil is seriously lost.

In order to solve the technical problem, the Chinese patent application with application publication number CN105993228A discloses a land leveling device, which comprises a frame, wherein the front side of the frame is provided with a traction rod connected with a soil turning device, two sides of the frame are connected with walking wheels through telescopic adjusting columns, the front side of the lower surface of the frame is provided with a soil shoveling plate, the top end of the soil shoveling plate is connected with a screen frame, and baffle plates at two sides of the screen frame are provided with crushing roller shafts in a penetrating manner. This soil leveling device is connected the cooperation through the traction lever and is used with the device of digging, sieves the crushing through the crushing roller on the screen frame to the clod and smashes for soil separates out from stone, weeds in the clod.

By adopting the technical scheme of the patent, the following technical problems can be caused, namely 1) the screen frame is very easy to block, once the screen frame is blocked, soil falling on the screen frame enters the separation channel along with rocks and plants to be collected, and the surface soil can be seriously lost; 2) the shoveling plate inclines downwards along the advancing direction of the frame, and large-size rocks are not easy to enter the frame along the inclined plane of the shoveling plate, so that the device cannot thoroughly clean the surface layer of soil, and the cleaning efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil cultivation mechanical device, which aims to solve the problem that a screen frame of the soil cultivation mechanical device is easy to block.

In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows:

the soil cultivation mechanical device comprises a vehicle body, wherein the bottom of the vehicle body is provided with a travelling wheel, the front end of the vehicle body is provided with a soil shoveling plate, and the tail end of the vehicle body is provided with a collecting box; the middle part of automobile body is equipped with sieve and a drive mechanism, a drive mechanism is used for the drive the vertical reciprocating motion of sieve, the sieve is towards collecting box direction downward sloping, it has a plurality of first sieve meshes to open on the sieve, is equipped with the cutting piece in every first sieve mesh, the cutting piece is including cutting the pole and locate the sawtooth on cutting pole top, the sawtooth downward sloping, first sieve mesh is worn out at the both ends of cutting the piece.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows:

when the device is used for cleaning the soil surface layer, the vehicle body is firstly started to move forwards, and the soil shoveling plate at the front end of the vehicle body conveys soil, rocks and weeds to the sieve plate. And starting the first driving mechanism to work, and driving the sieve plate to vertically reciprocate on the vehicle body by the first driving mechanism.

Vertical reciprocating motion of sieve, drive soil, rock and weeds are vertical on the sieve and are vibrated, not only can make the soil on the sieve return the soil through first sieve mesh, shake the big volume clod on the loose sieve, earth with weed root carries separates with weeds gradually, the top that can also make the cutting member wears into in first sieve mesh and wears out, the top of cutting rod is equipped with the sawtooth of downward sloping, the sawtooth can cut the weeds and the little volume group clod piece that are close to first sieve mesh and smash, smash back weeds and soil can directly return the soil through first sieve mesh, as soil fertilizer. In addition, the top of cutting member is worn in and is worn out in first sieve mesh and can effectually prevent that first sieve mesh from blockking up, guarantees the screening ability of the long-time preferred of sieve.

And finally, the rocks on the sieve plate enter a collecting box along the inclined plane of the sieve plate for collecting and uniformly processing.

Further, the soil shoveling plate comprises two soil shoveling units, and second sieve holes are formed in the soil shoveling units; the front end of the vehicle body is fixedly connected with a fixed shaft, and the central line of the fixed shaft is vertical to the central line of the vehicle body; each shoveling unit is fixedly connected with a rotating sleeve, the rotating sleeve is sleeved and connected outside the fixed shaft in a sliding manner, and the two shoveling units are connected to the fixed shaft in a sliding manner along the direction vertical to the central line of the vehicle body through the rotating sleeve; the front end of the vehicle body is provided with a second driving mechanism and a third driving mechanism, and the second driving mechanism is used for driving the two shovel units to upwards turn around the central line of the fixed shaft as the circle center; and the third driving mechanism is used for driving the two soil shoveling units to approach to the central line of the vehicle body.

When the soil shoveling units convey soil, rocks and weeds into the vehicle body, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism are started, and the two soil shoveling units are close to each other in the process of upwards overturning by taking the central line of the fixed shaft as the center of a circle; 2) the two soil shoveling units are gradually closed in the overturning process, a certain gap is formed between the two soil shoveling units in the feeding process, the soil shoveling units are provided with second sieve holes, and some rocks and soil with smaller volume can directly return to the soil from the gap between the two soil shoveling units and the second sieve holes, so that the rocks and soil with smaller volume are prevented from entering the vehicle body firstly and then being discharged from the vehicle body; 3) soil, rocks and weeds on the soil can easily enter the frame along the soil shoveling plate, and the thorough cleaning of the soil surface layer by the device is ensured.

Furthermore, the first driving mechanism is an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, a plurality of first driving mechanisms are uniformly distributed on the sieve plate, and a piston rod of each first driving mechanism is fixedly connected with the sieve plate. The air cylinder or the hydraulic cylinder can realize the vertical movement of the sieve plate most simply.

Further, second actuating mechanism includes first pivot, second pivot, third pivot, first connecting rod, second connecting rod and third connecting rod, first pivot fixed connection is in the eccentric position department of walking wheel, the one end of first connecting rod is rotated and is connected in first pivot, the other end of first connecting rod is rotated through the one end of second pivot with the second connecting rod and is connected, the other end of second connecting rod is rotated through the one end of third pivot with the third connecting rod and is connected, the other end fixed connection of third connecting rod is sheathe in rotating, and when the realization automobile body that can be simplest gos forward, the upset of shovel native unit and drawing close each other.

Furthermore, be equipped with the stopper on the unit of shovel, third actuating mechanism is including opening the locating part that has two spacing holes, and two spacing holes are along the central line bilateral symmetry of locating part, the upper portion in spacing hole inclines to the central line of locating part, the central line of locating part and the central line of automobile body are in same vertical face, and when the unit of shovel rotated, the stopper can get into spacing hole. After the stopper got into spacing hole, along with two shovel units upwards overturn gradually, the degree of depth that the stopper can get into spacing hole constantly increased, because the upper portion in spacing hole inclines to the central line of locating part, so the stopper can drive shovel unit and be close to the central line of locating part, two shovel units draw close each other promptly.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cutting element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of two shovel units turning over the feeding materials according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the operation of two shoveling units according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 6 is a top view of a third drive mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a vehicle body 1, a traveling wheel 2, a soil shoveling unit 31, a second sieve hole 32, a fixed shaft 33, a rotating sleeve 34, a limiting block 35, a collecting box 4, a sieve plate 5, a first sieve hole 51, a cutting piece 6, a cutting rod 61, sawteeth 62, a fixed part 64, a first driving mechanism 7, a second driving mechanism 8, a first rotating shaft 81, a second rotating shaft 82, a third rotating shaft 83, a first connecting rod 84, a second connecting rod 85, a third connecting rod 86, a third driving mechanism 9, a limiting hole 91 and a limiting block 92.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the soil cultivation mechanical device comprises a vehicle body 1 provided with walking wheels 2 at the bottom, a soil shoveling plate is arranged at the front end of the vehicle body 1, the soil shoveling plate comprises two soil shoveling units 31, the soil shoveling units 31 are provided with second sieve holes 32, the soil shoveling plate is used for feeding soil, rocks and weeds into the vehicle body 1, a fixed shaft 33 is fixedly connected to the front end of the vehicle body 1, and the central line of the fixed shaft 33 is perpendicular to the central line of the vehicle body 1 (the central line of the vehicle body 1 is a in fig. 2); each shoveling unit 31 is fixedly connected with a rotating sleeve 34, the rotating sleeves 34 are sleeved and connected outside the fixed shaft 33 in a sliding manner, and the two shoveling units 31 are connected on the fixed shaft 33 in a sliding manner along the direction vertical to the central line of the vehicle body 1 through the rotating sleeves 34; the front end of the vehicle body 1 is also provided with a second driving mechanism 8 and a third driving mechanism 9, and the second driving mechanism 8 is used for driving the two shoveling units 31 to turn upwards by taking the central line of the fixed shaft 33 as the center of a circle; the third driving mechanism 9 is used for driving the two shoveling units 31 to approach to the center line of the vehicle body 1.

During the feeding, the in-process that two shovel units 31 overturn draws close each other, and soil, rock and the weeds that will be in 1 both sides of automobile body draw close two shovel units 31 gradually on, make this device can be comparatively thorough clear up the soil. In addition, the two shoveling units 31 are close to each other in the overturning process, so before being completely close to each other, a certain gap is formed between the two shoveling units 31, the shoveling units 31 are provided with second sieve holes 32, and part of scattered soil can directly return to the soil through the gap between the two shoveling units 31 and the second sieve holes 32 without entering the vehicle body 1 and then be sent out, so that the two shoveling units 31 can avoid unnecessary work while ensuring that the soil is thoroughly cleaned.

The middle part of automobile body 1 is equipped with sieve 5 and is used for driving the vertical reciprocating motion's of sieve 5 first actuating mechanism 7, and first actuating mechanism 7 is cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, and the top equipartition of sieve 5 has a plurality of first actuating mechanism 7, and the preferred actuating mechanism's of this embodiment quantity is four, and the cylinder fixed connection of cylinder or pneumatic cylinder is on automobile body 1, the piston rod of cylinder or pneumatic cylinder and the top fixed connection of sieve 5. In order to increase the vibration of the sieve plate 5 in the vertical direction and improve the screening efficiency of the sieve plate 5 on soil, rocks and weeds, the outlet and return strokes of the piston rods of the two cylinders or hydraulic cylinders on the same side are synchronous in pairs. The sieve 5 inclines downwards towards the direction of the collecting box 4, so that the rock on the sieve 5 can be discharged conveniently.

The sieve plate 5 is provided with a plurality of first sieve holes 51, a cutting part 6 (shown in fig. 3) is arranged in each first sieve hole 51, the cutting part 6 comprises a cutting rod 61 and sawteeth 62 arranged at the top end of the cutting rod 61, the sawteeth 62 incline downwards, and two ends of the cutting part 6 penetrate out of the first sieve holes 51. The sieve 5 is used for separating soil, rock and weeds, and in the vibrations process about the sieve 5, the soil that dispersion, volume are less can directly return soil through first sieve mesh 51 on the sieve 5, cuts up weeds when cutting 6 is used for the separation in the first sieve mesh 51, and the weeds after cutting up return soil through first sieve mesh 51, provide fertilizer for soil.

In order to increase the working force of the cutting piece 6, a fixing part 64 is arranged at the middle lower part of the cutting rod 61, a spring is sleeved outside the cutting rod 61, and the spring is positioned between the sieve plate 5 and the fixing part 64.

The tail end of the vehicle body 1 is provided with a collecting box 4, and finally, rocks with larger granularity can enter the collecting box 4 along the inclined plane of the sieve plate 5 to be collected and processed uniformly.

The second driving mechanism 8 includes a first rotating shaft 81, a second rotating shaft 82, a third rotating shaft 83, a first connecting rod 84, a second connecting rod 85 and a third connecting rod 86, the first rotating shaft 81 is fixedly connected at the eccentric position of the traveling wheel 2, one end of the first connecting rod 84 is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft 81, the other end of the first connecting rod 84 is rotatably connected to one end of the second connecting rod 85 through the second rotating shaft 82, the other end of the second connecting rod 85 is rotatably connected to one end of the third connecting rod 86 through the third rotating shaft 83, and the other end of the third connecting rod 86 is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve 34.

The shoveling unit 31 is provided with a limiting block 35, the third driving mechanism 9 includes a limiting block 92 provided with two limiting holes 91, the two limiting holes 91 are symmetrical along the two sides of the central line of the limiting block 92, the upper part of the limiting hole 91 inclines towards the central line of the limiting block 92, the central line of the limiting block 92 and the central line of the vehicle body 1 are located on the same vertical plane, and when the shoveling unit 31 rotates, the limiting block 35 enters the limiting hole 91 (as shown in fig. 5 and 6).

When the device is used for cleaning the soil surface layer, the vehicle body 1 is started to move forwards firstly, in the advancing process of the travelling wheels 2, the travelling wheels 2 sequentially drive the first connecting rod 84, the second connecting rod 85 and the third connecting rod 86 to swing, the rotation of the third connecting rod 86 drives the rotating sleeve 34 to rotate, and the rotating sleeve 34 rotates to drive the soil shoveling unit 31 to overturn by taking the fixed shaft 33 as the center of a circle. Meanwhile, the limiting block 35 on the shoveling unit 31 enters the limiting hole 91 of the limiting member 92, and the depth of the limiting block 35 entering the limiting hole 91 is increased gradually along with the gradual upward turning of the two shoveling units 31, so that the limiting block 35 can drive the shoveling unit 31 to be close to the central line of the limiting member 92, namely, the two shoveling units 31 are close to each other. In a word, the two soil shoveling units 31 move close to each other in the process of overturning by taking the fixed shaft 33 as the center of a circle, and convey soil, rocks and weeds to the sieve plate 5 of the vehicle body 1.

A first driving mechanism 7 (an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder) is started to work, the first driving mechanism 7 drives the sieve plate 5 to vertically reciprocate on the sieve plate 1, and soil, rocks and weeds are driven to vertically vibrate on the sieve plate 5. The vertical reciprocating movement of the sieve plate 5 achieves: 1) the small volume of soil is returned directly to the ground through the first screen hole 51; 2) the soil with large volume and in the shape of a ball is shaken off on the sieve plate 5 and then returns to the ground through the first sieve pore 51; 3) the top end of the cutting piece 6 penetrates into and out of the first sieve pore 51, the sawteeth 62 cut and crush weeds and small-volume agglomerated soil blocks close to the first sieve pore 51, and the crushed weeds and soil can directly return to the ground through the first sieve pore 51; 4) the top of cutting member 6 is worn in and is worn out in first sieve mesh 51, and the condition that can effectually prevent first sieve mesh 51 jam takes place, guarantees the screening ability of the long-time preferred of sieve 5.

And finally, the rocks on the sieve plate 5 enter the collecting box 4 along the inclined plane of the sieve plate 5 for collecting and uniformly processing.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.

Claims

1. The soil cultivation mechanical device comprises a vehicle body, the bottom of which is provided with a traveling wheel, and the front end of the vehicle body is provided with a soil shoveling plate, and is characterized in that the tail end of the vehicle body is provided with a collecting box; the middle part of the vehicle body is provided with a sieve plate and a first driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism is used for driving the sieve plate to vertically reciprocate, the sieve plate inclines downwards towards the collecting box, the sieve plate is provided with a plurality of first sieve pores, each first sieve pore is internally provided with a cutting part, each cutting part comprises a cutting rod and a sawtooth arranged at the top end of the cutting rod, the sawtooth inclines downwards, and two ends of each cutting part penetrate through the first sieve pores; the soil shoveling plate comprises two soil shoveling units, and second sieve holes are formed in the soil shoveling units; the front end of the vehicle body is fixedly connected with a fixed shaft, and the central line of the fixed shaft is vertical to the central line of the vehicle body; each shoveling unit is fixedly connected with a rotating sleeve, the rotating sleeve is sleeved and connected outside the fixed shaft in a sliding manner, and the two shoveling units are connected to the fixed shaft in a sliding manner along the direction vertical to the central line of the vehicle body through the rotating sleeve; the front end of the vehicle body is provided with a second driving mechanism and a third driving mechanism, and the second driving mechanism is used for driving the two shovel units to upwards turn around the central line of the fixed shaft as the circle center; and the third driving mechanism is used for driving the two soil shoveling units to approach to the central line of the vehicle body.

2. The soil cultivating machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first driving means is a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of first driving means are uniformly distributed on said sieve plate, and a piston rod of each first driving means is fixedly connected to the sieve plate.

3. The soil cultivating mechanical apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second driving mechanism includes a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a third rotating shaft, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and a third connecting rod, the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the eccentric position of the road wheel, one end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft, the other end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to one end of the second connecting rod through the second rotating shaft, the other end of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to one end of the third connecting rod through the third rotating shaft, and the other end of the third connecting rod is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve.

4. The soil cultivating machine device of claim 3, wherein the shoveling unit is provided with a limiting block, the third driving mechanism includes a limiting member having two limiting holes, the two limiting holes are symmetrical along a center line of the limiting member, an upper portion of the limiting hole is inclined toward the center line of the limiting member, the center line of the limiting member and a center line of the vehicle body are in a same vertical plane, and the limiting block can enter the limiting hole when the shoveling unit rotates.