RU63634U1 - UNIT FOR TILLING SOIL AND SEEDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The unit for tillage and sowing refers to agricultural engineering and can be used for all types of primary and pre-sowing tillages, as well as sowing crops in pre-treated or untreated soil. The proposed unit for tillage and sowing provides high reliability and quality of technological operations, while sowing different types of seeds at different depths, which expands the technological capabilities of the unit. The unit for tillage and sowing contains the main frame 1, the towing device 2, the supporting front 3 and rear 4 wheels, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers 5, mounted in two rows with the possibility of rotation of the disc coulters 6, behind which there are earthing devices 7. Before each of disk coulters 6 are equipped with slit-hole 8. Leveling rollers are installed at the rear of the unit 9. For lifting the frame 1, a lifting mechanism is provided based on the hydraulic cylinder 10. Leveling rollers 9 consist of a set of disks mounted with clearance on the support shafts, akreplennyh suspended on frames 13. The earthing devices 7 are installed in the form of pairs at an angle to each other between the rear drive disc coulters 6, wherein the side discs fixed to the main frame 1.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to combination machines having working bodies for tillage, combined with working bodies serving for other purposes and can be used for all types of primary and pre-sowing tillages, as well as sowing crops in pre-processed or untreated soil.

Known combined units for tillage and sowing, containing a frame, a tow hitch mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation, a cultivator, a hopper for seeds, a device for preparing the soil and distributing seeds, a packer roller, support wheels and a zagotach (see certificate on the floor. RF model No. 16422 according to MKI A01V 49/06, announced on July 3, 2000 and certificate for the floor model of the Russian Federation No. 49415 according to MKI A01V 49/06, declared on 05/25/2005)

The closest in technical essence is a combined unit containing a frame, a tow hitch, support wheels, a seed hopper, disk coulters, a disk cultivator, a sealing implement and mulching shutters (see certificate for floor model of the Russian Federation No. 49415 according to MKI А01В 49 / 06, claimed on May 25, 2005).

Common disadvantages of the known units for tillage and sowing are that after passing on the field there are strips of earthen ridges at the junction between the sections of the packer roller, poor leveling and mulching of the field surface.

The utility model is based on the task of creating a combined unit for tillage and sowing, providing high reliability and quality of technological operations, with simultaneous sowing of different types of seeds to different depths.

The problem is solved in that in the unit for tillage and sowing, consisting of separate modules, each of which contains a main frame, a towing device fixed to the main frame, rear and front support wheels, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers, disc coulters, leveling rollers , zagortachki, according to a useful model, the coulter racks are mounted on brackets with adjustable height, and the seed and fertilizer hopper is divided into compartments for different seeds. The unit is equipped with an electronic discrete system for regulating the sowing of each disc coulter.

Figure 1 shows the proposed unit in the working position, side view, figure 2 is the same, top view.

The unit for tillage and sowing contains the main frame 1, the towing device 2, the supporting front 3 and rear 4 wheels, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers 5, mounted in two rows with the possibility of rotation of the disc coulters 6, behind which there are earthing devices 7. Before each of disk openers installed slithereries 8. At the rear of the unit, leveling rollers are installed 9. To raise the frame 1, a lifting mechanism is provided based on the hydraulic cylinder 10.

To install the disc coulters 6 together with the main frame 1 at a given depth of tillage a set of brackets 11 is provided.

To install each disc coulter 6 to an individual depth, the disc coulters 6 are attached to the main frame through a bracket with longitudinal slots 12 for height-adjustable bolted couplings of the disc coulters 6. The leveling rollers 9 consist of a set of discs mounted with a clearance on the support shafts mounted on the outboard frames 13. Zagortachi 7 is made in the form of disks pairwise mounted at an angle to each other between the rear disc coulters 6, and the extreme disks are fixed to the main frame 1. Scrapers 8 are made plast Inky in the form of disks installed with the possibility of free rotation.

The unit is equipped with an electronic discrete system for regulating the seeding rate of each disk opener 6 (not shown in the drawing).

To change the angle of attack of the disk coulters 6, it is possible to change the angle of inclination of the main frame of the unit relative to the horizontal plane using an adjustable rod. The unit is a combined trailer unit for tillage and sowing, assembled from separate modules (sections), each of which is a complete device for tillage and sowing. Depending on the type of tractor, the number of sections in the unit can vary from 1 to 5. When completing an assembly of several sections, the coupling of the unit with the energy tool is mainly formed from the couplings of each seeder with a minimum number of additional devices. When transporting the unit over long distances, it is possible to couple sections with a “train”.

The unit operates as follows.

Before starting the operation of the unit, depending on the type of soil and the technology used, the depth of soil cultivation is regulated by disk coulters 6, when the unit is in the seeder mode, the seed rate is set, and while sowing different crops, the height of each coulter and the seed rate are individually adjusted. When the unit is in cultivator mode, the disc coulters 6 loosen the soil to a depth determined by the technology of cultivating the soil, when the unit operates in the seeder mode, the disc coulters 6 loosen the soil to the depth of seed placement, preparing a firm, flat bed for them, cutting vegetative weeds, and distributing seeds coming from the vas deferens, to the width determined by the restrictive rings installed below the disk coulters, forms ridges along the edges of the furrow, on which the weeds are thrown out. Slitherese 8 cut a layer of soil in front of the uprights in order to reduce traction gain. Zagortachi 7 mulch the crop residues, crush lumps of land over the sown strips, level the surface of the field.

The rear support wheels 4 compact the soil above the seeds and form ridges along the edges of the furrow. Thus, due to the combined effect of the coulters 6, zagrechachi 7 and the rear support wheels 4, ridges are formed along the edges of the furrow, creating a wind-resistant surface, contributing to the conservation of moisture during operation of the unit in arid zones. The leveling rollers 9 are additionally combed and thinned weeds are thrown to the surface, the soil is leveled. The proposed unit provides the ability to change the angle of attack of the disc coulters 6 by changing the inclination of the main frame 1 with respect to the horizontal plane. Scrapers can be in the form of a disk, a polygon with the possibility of rotation or in the form of a fixed knife.

The proposed combined unit for tillage and sowing provides high reliability and quality of technological operations, while sowing different types of seeds at different depths, which expands the technological capabilities of the unit.

The proposed unit allows you to simultaneously sow several different crops with the setting of the sowing depth individually for each crop, support wheels are used to compact the soil in the furrow. For the formation of ridges along the edges of the treated furrow, the combined effect of the coulters, pullers and rear support wheels is used, when picking an aggregate of several sections, the coupling of the aggregate with the energy tool is mainly formed from the couplings of each seeder with a minimum number of additional devices.

Claims (2)

1. A unit for tillage and sowing, consisting of separate modules, each of which contains a main frame, a towing device fixed to the main frame, rear and front support wheels, a seed and fertilizer hopper, disk coulters, and shorters, characterized in that the racks disc coulters mounted on brackets with adjustable height, and the hopper for seeds and fertilizers is divided into compartments for different seeds. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an electronically discrete system for regulating the seeding rate of each opener.