CN114303538B

CN114303538B - Buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder and seeding and weed prevention method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114303538B
Application number: CN202210011007.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈稳良; 李秀莲; 史兴海; 梁改梅; 刘晓东
Original assignee: Shanxi Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shanxi Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-01-06
Filing date: 2022-01-06
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-06
Also published as: CN114303538A

Abstract

The invention discloses a buckwheat deep and shallow sowing machine, which comprises a rack, a traction rod, a supporting wheel, a transmission shaft, a press wheel, a shallow sowing device assembly and a deep sowing device assembly, wherein the bottom of the deep sowing device assembly is connected with a deep seed pipe, the bottom of the deep seed pipe is connected with a deep furrow opener, the bottom of the shallow sowing device assembly is connected with a shallow seed pipe, the bottom of the shallow seed pipe is connected with the shallow furrow opener, the middle upper part of the front part of the deep furrow opener is provided with a furrow plough, the two sides of the rear part are connected with a left herringbone ridging device and a right herringbone ridging device through a depth regulator, the front part and the rear part of the herringbone ridging devices are high and low, and the height of the herringbone ridging devices is controlled by the regulator. After the sowing machine is adopted for sowing, buckwheat can be ensured to be sown in time, the seed ditches formed by deep row are beneficial to water storage and soil moisture conservation, the three-dimensional space advantages are utilized for the deep row and shallow height drop and density adjustment in the seedling stage, the light transmission is completely achieved, the full seedling and the sound of the seedlings are ensured, the ridge sealing advantage is formed by the density advantages of three rows in the later stage, the field weed growth is suppressed, and the intertillage operation is omitted.

Description

Buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder and seeding and weed prevention method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder and a seeding and weed prevention method thereof.

Background

Buckwheat is a traditional idle-filling disaster relief crop, and a main buckwheat production area is an area where mountain dry land, saline-alkali land and barren land are relatively concentrated, and is also an area with a large population distribution. The buckwheat can not be sowed normally in the rainy and arid periods, and weeds in the buckwheat fields grow in the later period, which is a main problem faced by buckwheat planting. Buckwheat is sowed in soil moisture after raining generally, and the optimal sowing time is usually missed due to the limitation of drought conditions, so that the buckwheat cannot be matured normally in the harvesting season, the yield is reduced, the wrong period is serious, and even no grain is harvested. The traditional buckwheat planting mode mainly comprises two modes of drill sowing and broadcast sowing, the drill sowing technology has the advantages that the seedling emergence is in order in the later period under the conditions of sufficient rainwater and good soil moisture content in the sowing period, the phenomenon of seedling shortage and ridge breaking is solved, but the relative economic benefit of buckwheat is not high, most buckwheat farmers do not input labor force to carry out intertillage weeding, weeds and buckwheat are symbiotic, the weeds compete for limited nutrients in soil too much, and the yield of buckwheat is reduced. In the broadcast sowing technology, the ridge sealing effect is formed after the emergence of the buckwheat, so that the growth of weeds is limited, the buckwheat can fully absorb soil nutrients, but broadcast sowing seeds are uneven, seedling shortage and fragmentation occur, the broadcast sowing amount is large, the cost input is increased, and the ventilation and light transmission of the buckwheat are limited in the later period, so that the buckwheat is prone to lodging. Both of these approaches have deficiencies. Therefore, a sowing mode which inherits the advantages of the two modes and eliminates the respective defects needs to be developed, and the effects of soil moisture detection sowing and grass prevention even if no intertillage is carried out in the later field management can be achieved in drought.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that rainwater is insufficient in the sowing period and the sowing is not in the right time and the weed is excessive in the ridges in the later period in the existing buckwheat sowing technology, and provides a buckwheat deep and shallow row sowing machine and a sowing and weed prevention method thereof.

The buckwheat deep and shallow travel seeder comprises a rack, a traction rod, a supporting wheel, a first buffer spring and a traction connecting rod, wherein a driving chain wheel is arranged on one side of a shaft of the supporting wheel, a transmission shaft bearing seat and a transmission shaft are arranged on the front portion of the rack, the functions of supporting and deeply traveling seed tubes are combined into a whole at the rear portion of the rack, a press wheel connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the rear side of each deeply traveling seed tube, the rear end of the press wheel connecting rod is connected with a press wheel, and the buffer spring is arranged on the press wheel connecting rod and used for adjusting the press strength of the press wheel. A transmission shaft chain wheel, a shallow seeder driving chain wheel and a deep seeder driving chain wheel are respectively arranged at proper positions of the transmission shaft. The driving chain wheel is connected with the transmission shaft chain wheel through a driving chain, and the tightness of the driving chain is adjusted through the tension wheel. The middle rear part of the frame is respectively provided with a shallow seeder assembly and a deep seeder assembly, a shallow seeder chain wheel of the shallow seeder assembly is connected with a shallow seeder driving chain wheel through a shallow seeder chain, and a deep seeder chain wheel of the deep seeder assembly is connected with a deep seeder driving chain wheel through a deep seeder chain. The bottom of the deep seeder assembly is connected with a deep seed pipe, and the bottom of the deep seed pipe is connected with a deep furrow opener. The bottom of the shallow-row seeder assembly is connected with a shallow-row seed tube, and the bottom of the shallow-row seed tube is connected with a shallow-row furrow opener. The middle upper part of the front part of the deep furrow opener is provided with a furrow plough, and the two sides of the rear part are connected with a left herringbone ridging device and a right herringbone ridging device through a depth adjuster. The herringbone ridge pressing device is high in front and low in back, soil turned out from the deep groove is compacted above the shallow sowing rows to form ridges, and the height of the herringbone ridge pressing device is controlled by the regulator.

The distance between the deep furrow opener and the shallow furrow opener is 7-8cm, and the depth furrow opener is 10cm lower than the shallow furrow opener. The back ridge part of the herringbone ridge pressing device is 3-4cm away from the ground level.

The method for implementing seeding and weed prevention by adopting the buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder of the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Before sowing, shallow ploughing by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 12-15 cm;

(2) Sowing with buckwheat deep and shallow row sowing machine, deep row in the middle and shallow row at both sides, deep row spacing of 40cm, deep and shallow row spacing of 7-8cm, deep row ditching depth of 10-12cm, seed planting at the bottom of soil moisture, covering soil of 3-4cm, compacting, shallow row digging 1-2cm shallow trench sowing, and deep row digging to form ridge and compact on shallow row seed row with height of 3-4cm.

The buckwheat deep and shallow row sowing and weed control method adopts deep and shallow row three-row parallel sowing and deep row soil moisture detection sowing to ensure timely sowing of buckwheat at a sowing time; the shallow rows are sowed on two sides of the deep rows at intervals, soil turned out by the deep grooves is compacted into ridges in the shallow rows, seedlings emerge after the sowing and rain falls, the effect of closing the ridges to suppress weeds in the later period is mainly achieved, and meanwhile the problems of seedling shortage, ridge breaking and insufficient plant number in unit area in the deep rows can be solved. The invention fully utilizes the advantage of three-dimensional space, not only can the light be transmitted in the early growth stage, but also the seedlings are ensured to be full and strong, the growth of weeds in the field is suppressed in the later growth stage, the growth amount of the weeds is controlled in a smaller range, the intertillage operation is saved, the timely harvest of the buckwheat is ensured, and the risk of untimely harvest in the mature period is avoided.

According to the buckwheat deep and shallow seeding weed control method, the deep seeding amount accounts for 65-70% of the total seeding amount, and the shallow seeding amount accounts for 30-35% of the total seeding amount.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Compared with the prior art, the method can ensure timely sowing of the buckwheat, deeply advances rows for soil moisture detection sowing in a few years when rainfall is less in the sowing period, and forms the natural reservoir in the deep rows in the later period, thereby being beneficial to soil moisture preservation of the buckwheat field. (2) According to the method, the deep and shallow rows are adopted for interaction, the space is fully utilized, the three-dimensional space advantage is fully utilized by the difference between the deep rows and the shallow rows in the seedling stage and density adjustment, the light is transmitted completely, the seedlings are guaranteed to be full and strong, the ridge sealing advantage is formed by utilizing the density advantage of the three rows in the later growth stage, the field weed growth is suppressed, the intertillage operation is omitted, and the reproductive growth and the nutritional growth of the buckwheat are promoted. (3) The invention ensures that the buckwheat can be harvested in time, and avoids the risk that the buckwheat cannot be harvested in time in the mature period.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of the invention of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the furrow plough, furrow opener, deep-row seed tube, regulator and herringbone ridge-pressing machine of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the herringbone ridging device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. supporting wheels, 2, a traction rod, 3, a first buffer spring, 4, a transmission shaft chain wheel, 5, a shallow seeder chain, 6, a shallow seeder assembly, 7, a shallow seeder chain wheel, 8, a deep seeder chain, 9, a deep seeder assembly, 10, a deep seeder chain wheel, 11, a press wheel connecting rod, 12, a second buffer spring, 13, a transmission shaft bearing seat, 14, a tension wheel, 15, a driving chain wheel, 16, a driving chain, 17, a rack, 18, a shallow furrow opener, 19, a shallow seed pipe, 20, a furrow plough, 21, a deep furrow opener, 22, a deep seed pipe, 23, a regulator, 24, a herringbone ridging device, 25, a press wheel, 26, a shallow seeder driving chain wheel, 27, a deep seeder driving chain wheel, 28, a transmission shaft, 29 and a traction connecting rod.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder of the invention comprises a frame 17, a traction rod 2, a support wheel 1, a first buffer spring 3 and a traction connecting rod 29. Supporting wheel 1's axle one side is equipped with drive sprocket 15, and the front portion is equipped with transmission shaft bearing frame 13 and transmission shaft 28 on the frame 5, and the rear portion is equipped with shallow seeder assembly 6 and deep seeder assembly 9 respectively in the frame 5, and the proportion of shallow seeder assembly 6 and deep seeder assembly 9 is 2, and the rear portion of frame 5 supports and unites two into one with the function of deep seed pipe 22, and deep seed pipe 22 rear side middle part articulates there is press wheel connecting rod 11. The driving chain wheel 15 is connected with the transmission shaft chain wheel 4 through a driving chain 16, and the tightness of the driving chain 16 is adjusted through the tension wheel 14. A plurality of shallow seeder driving sprockets 26 and deep seeder driving sprockets 27 are provided at appropriate positions of the drive shaft 28, respectively. The shallow seeder chain wheel 7 of the shallow seeder assembly 6 is connected with the shallow seeder driving chain wheel 26 through the shallow seeder chain 5, and the deep seeder chain wheel 10 of the deep seeder assembly 9 is connected with the deep seeder driving chain wheel 27 through the deep seeder chain 8. The bottom of the deep seeder assembly 9 is connected with a deep seed pipe 22, and the bottom of the deep seed pipe 22 is connected with a deep furrow opener 21. The bottom of the shallow-row seeder assembly 6 is connected with a shallow-row seed pipe 19, and the bottom of the shallow-row seed pipe 19 is connected with a shallow-row furrow opener 18. The rear end of press wheel connecting rod 11 connect press wheel 25, press wheel 25 suppression deep row seeding ditch is equipped with two 12 of buffer spring on press wheel connecting rod 11 for adjust press wheel 25's suppression intensity.

As shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the middle upper part of the front part of the deep furrow opener 21 is provided with a furrow plough 20, and the two sides of the rear part are connected with a left herringbone ridging device 24 and a right herringbone ridging device 24 through a depth adjuster 23. The herringbone ridging device 24 is high in front and low in back, soil turned out from the deep groove is compacted into ridges above shallow sowing rows, and the height of the herringbone ridging device 24 is controlled by the regulator 23. The distance between the deep furrow opener 21 and the shallow furrow opener 18 is 7-8cm, and the deep furrow opener 21 is 10cm lower than the shallow furrow opener 18. The back ridge part of the herringbone ridge pressing device 24 is 3-4cm away from the ground level.

(2) Sowing with buckwheat deep and shallow row sowing machine, deep row in the middle, shallow row on both sides, row spacing between deep rows of 40cm, deep and shallow row spacing of 7-8cm, deep row ditching depth of 10-12cm, seed planting at the bottom of soil moisture, covering soil of 3-4cm, pressing, shallow row digging 1-2cm shallow trench sowing, deep row digging soil on shallow row seed row ridging and compacting, height of 3-4cm.

After the buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder is adopted for seeding, timely seeding of buckwheat can be ensured, soil moisture detection seeding is carried out in deep rows with less rainfall in the seeding period, and a natural reservoir is formed in deep rows in the later period, so that soil moisture preservation of buckwheat fields is facilitated. The space can be fully utilized, the stereoscopic space advantage is fully utilized by the difference between the deep row and the shallow height in the seedling stage and the density adjustment, the light transmission is realized completely, the full seedling is ensured, the ridge sealing advantage is formed by the density advantage of the three rows in the later growth stage, the growth of field weeds is suppressed, the intertillage operation is saved, and the reproductive growth and the nutritional growth of the buckwheat are promoted.

Claims

1. A buckwheat deep and shallow seeder comprises a rack, a traction rod, a supporting wheel, a first buffer spring and a traction connecting rod, wherein a driving chain wheel is arranged on one side of a shaft of the supporting wheel, a transmission shaft bearing seat and a transmission shaft are arranged on the front part of the rack, the rear part of the rack supports the deep seed pipe and integrates the functions of the deep seed pipe into a whole, a press wheel connecting rod is hinged to the middle part of the rear side of the deep seed pipe, the rear end of the press wheel connecting rod is connected with a press wheel, the buffer spring is arranged on the press wheel connecting rod and used for adjusting the press strength of the press wheel, a transmission shaft chain wheel, a shallow seeder driving chain wheel and a deep seeder driving chain wheel are respectively arranged at proper positions of the transmission shaft, the driving chain wheel is connected with the transmission shaft chain wheel through a driving chain, the driving chain adjusts the tightness through a tensioning wheel, the deep seeder assembly and a deep seeder assembly are respectively arranged on the rear part of the rack, the shallow seeder chain wheel of the deep seeder assembly is connected with the shallow seeder chain through the shallow seeder chain, and the deep seed pipe is connected with the bottom of the deep seed pipe; the bottom of the shallow seeder assembly is connected with a shallow seed pipe, and the bottom of the shallow seed pipe is connected with a shallow furrow opener; the middle upper part of the front part of the deep-row furrow opener is provided with a furrow plough, and two sides of the rear part of the deep-row furrow opener are connected with a left herringbone furrow presser and a right herringbone furrow presser through depth regulators; the herringbone ridge pressing device is high in front and low in back, soil turned out from the deep groove is compacted above the shallow sowing rows to form ridges, and the height of the herringbone ridge pressing device is controlled by the depth regulator.

2. The buckwheat deep and shallow sowing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the deep furrow openers is 40cm, the distance between the deep furrow openers and the shallow furrow openers is 7-8cm, the deep furrow openers are 10cm lower than the shallow furrow openers, and the back ridge of the herringbone ridge pressing device is 3-4cm away from the ground level.

3. The method for sowing and weed control by adopting the buckwheat deep and shallow row seeder of claim 1 comprises the following steps: