RU203696U1 - POTATO DIGGER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to digging devices used in potato harvesters. The potato digger contains digging shares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a ripper. The ripper is installed above the rear part of the shares and is made in the form of a rotating shaft with a square section. On the rotating shaft, inclined flat discs are fixed, fixed at an angle α of inclination to the axis of rotation of the shaft with the possibility of displacement along the axis of the shaft. Between adjacent obliquely fixed flat discs on the shaft there are spacer sleeves made with inclined end walls-bases. in front of the bar elevator, and also destroys the soil crust, soil lumps, tuberous soil and moves the tuberous soil over the entire width of the high-speed bar elevator and improves soil screening on bar elevators.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to digging devices used in potato harvesters.

Known potato digger KTN-2B containing a frame, passive plowshares, main and cascade bar elevators, vibrating grate, cardan transmission, gearbox, support wheels. (A short guide to machines for cultivation and harvesting of potatoes. Uglanov MB, Grishchenko FV, Lukin VG et al. M., Kolos ", 1976, S. 67-73).

The well-known potato digger KTN-2B is designed for digging potatoes on light and medium soils, screening out the soil, partially separating the tubers from the tops and laying them on the surface of the field.

Bar elevators, designed for moving and crushing the tuberous layer, separating the soil from the tubers and sifting it out, are located one after another with a difference in height. They are lattice canvases with a closed contour, the upper (working) branches of which move from the plowshares to the exit. The upper branch of the cascade bar elevator is shaken by elliptical stars during movement.

Passive plowshares cut the tuberous layers, which are transported to the main bar elevator. The web of the main bar elevator moves at a higher speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart in the longitudinal direction and partially crushed, which facilitates the release of tubers. The seam, passing from the main bar elevator to the cascade one, falls and is additionally crushed. The fine soil is sifted between the rods, and the tubers, not destroyed soil lumps and tops, descend from the cascade elevator into the swath.

The known potato digger has disadvantages.

The tuberous soil layer, trimmed with a passive share, is moved to the bar elevator. Passive plowshares do not crumble the tuberous layer. Tuberous soil is unloaded on the shares in front of the bar elevator.

During the harvesting of potatoes, the tuber ridge, trimmed by the share, has a soil crust, which moves with the tuberous layer from the share to the bar separating elevator. On bar elevators, the soil is crushed and sieved from the lower part of the tuberous layer. Soil lumps of the destroyed soil crust of the ridge, cut by a share, cannot always be destroyed. As a result, potato tubers and soil lumps of the destroyed soil crust move from the cascade bar elevator and fall to the surface of the field, forming a swath of potatoes and soil lumps.

Known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4, equipped with active plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade elevators, running and supporting wheels. The depth of stroke of the plowshares is regulated by a screw mechanism. Elevators are located one after another with a difference in height and are designed to move and crush the tuberous layer, separate the soil from the tubers and screen it out. Bar elevators are closed-loop lattice sheets, the upper (working) branches of which move from the plowshares to the outlet. The upper branch is shaken when moving with elliptical stars. The plowshares are fixed on suspensions, pivotally connected to the frame, and oscillate by connecting rods with an amplitude of 14 mm and a frequency of 8.3; 9.4; 10.5 s ^-1 . The vibration frequency of the plowshares is regulated by replacing the sprockets on the gearbox shaft.

Oscillating plowshares crumble the layer well, stick to the soil less, exclude unloading of the soil in front of the elevator, and reduce the traction resistance of the digger. Swiveling tines mounted on the plowshares form a grid for sifting the soil and prevent stones from jamming between the plowshare and the elevator. The elevator web is formed by rods, the ends of which are embedded in the chain links. Adjacent rods of the high-speed elevator are connected by strips and bent in opposite directions, forming pockets that prevent tubers from rolling. The rods of the cascade elevator are covered with rubber, which protects the tubers from damage. The bed of the first elevator moves at a higher speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart and intensively crushed, which facilitates the release of tubers. The layer, passing from one elevator to another, falls and is additionally crushed. The fine soil is sifted between the rods, and the tubers, not destroyed lumps and tops, descend from the cascade elevator into the swath. The width of the roll is adjusted by turning the flap (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - 624 p .: ill. - (Textbooks and textbooks for students of higher educational institutions. )).

The known semi-mounted elevator potato digger KST-1.4 has disadvantages.

The low efficiency of separating the tuberous layer on the bar elevators of the potato digger, since the tuberous layer moves to the high-speed bar elevator, on which, due to the fact that the speed of the high-speed bar elevator is higher than the speed of the potato digger, the tuberous layer is torn in the longitudinal direction into soil lumps, and the soil bar elevator are not shredded. As a result, a large amount of soil clods along with the tubers enter the separating bar elevators (main and cascade). Separation of tubers from soil lumps is difficult, and it is not possible to crush soil lumps as there are no additional working bodies above the bar elevators that could crush soil lumps.

Known potato harvester containing two plowshares, a bar elevator canvas, above which, using a spring-loaded pendulum arm with a gap relative to the surface of the elevator belt, a ripper is installed in the form of a leveling auger. The auger-leveler has the ability to move in the vertical and horizontal directions, depending on the working conditions (Patent for utility model RU 47167, IPC A01D 33/00, publ. 27.08.2005. Bull. 24).

The known potato harvester works as follows.

During operation, the plowshares undermine the beds and transfer them to the bar elevator. The combined auger-leveler, installed in the front part of the elevator, with the first and third parts of the auger, displace the soil of the tops of the beds to the left, and the second and fourth parts of the auger with the right winding are displaced to the right. Thus, the layer is leveled with a thin layer over the entire width of the elevator. Accordingly, the separation surface is increased and the separation of the soil is improved.

The known potato harvester has disadvantages.

The leveling auger of the known potato harvester does not provide crushing of the tuberous layer, since its screw surface shifts the soil alternately in different directions and does not sufficiently crush the soil lumps, although it evens out the tuberous layer along the width of the bar elevator.

The task to be solved by the technical solution is to improve the quality of soil separation by bar elevators during the operation of a potato digger.

The technical result consists in the fact that improving the quality of soil separation by bar elevators is carried out by destroying the tuberous layer, cut by plowshares, crushing soil lumps located on the surface of the tuberous layer and distributing the crushed tuberous mass over the entire width of the separating bar elevator.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the potato digger containing the digging shares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a ripper, and the ripper is installed above the rear of the plowshares and is made in the form of a rotating shaft with a square or hexagonal section, on which inclined flat disks, fixed at an angle α of inclination to the axis of rotation of the shaft, with the possibility of displacement along the axis of the shaft, spacer sleeves with inclined end walls-bases are installed between adjacent inclined disks on the shaft.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed potato digger meets the criterion of "novelty", as it has significant differences from the prototype.

1. Above the rear part of the plowshares, a ripper of the tuberous layer is installed, made in the form of a rotating shaft of square or hexagonal section.

2. Oblique flat discs are fixed on the rotary shaft of the ripper.

3. Inclined flat discs are fixed at an angle α of inclination to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

4. Inclined flat discs are fixed on the rotating shaft with the possibility of displacement along the axis of the shaft.

5. Spacer sleeves are installed between adjacent obliquely fixed discs on the shaft.

6. Spacer sleeves are made with inclined end wall bases.

The revealed signs of the technical solution of the claimed potato digger allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion "Significant differences".

According to the totality of features, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", since the ripper of the tuberous layer and soil crust, unlike the prototype, is made in the form of rotating inclined flat discs, which are installed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

The claimed technical solution is not obvious, it is proposed for the first time and in the aggregate of features ensures the destruction of the soil crust and the tuberous layer moved along the plowshares, which leads to an increase in the quality of soil separation by bar elevators during the operation of the potato digger.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawing material.

FIG. 1 shows a potato digger, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - section of the tuber ridge ripper.

The potato digger contains a frame (not shown), a support wheel 1, plowshares 2 and 3, high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade elevators 6, running wheels 7. Above the rear part of the plowshares 2 and 3, a ripper 8 of the tuberous layer is installed. The ripper 8 of the layer is made in the form of a rotating shaft 9 of square section. On the shaft 9 are fixed inclined flat discs 10 and 11. Inclined flat discs 10 and 11 are fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft 9. Inclined flat discs 10 and 11 mounted on the shaft 9 are fixed above the middle and rear of the plowshares 2 and 3 ...

Depending on the soil and climatic zones, potatoes are cultivated with row spacings of 60, 70, 75 and 90 cm on a flat surface of the field, on pre-cut ridges, as well as on ridges with different row spacings.

Obliquely mounted flat discs 10 and 11 are fixed on the shaft 9 above the rear part of the plowshares 2 and 3. Therefore, the flat discs 10 and 11 are mounted on the shaft 9 having a square cross section, with the possibility of displacement along the shaft 9 of the ripper 8.

For fastening flat disks 10 and 11, spacer sleeves 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are installed on shaft 9. Spacer sleeves on shaft 9 are fixed with bolts 18, which are inserted into through holes made on shaft 9. On shaft 9 between bushings 12 flat discs 10 are installed. Thus, the ripper 8 has the ability to install inclined flat discs 10 and 11 above the centers of the plowshares 2 and 3 when harvesting potatoes cultivated with different row spacings.

Spacer sleeves 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are made with inclined end walls-bases, the angle of inclination of which to the axis of rotation of the shaft 9 corresponds to the angle α of inclination of flat discs 10 and 11.

The potato digger works as follows. The tuberous ridge trimmed by plowshares 2 and 3 moves to the high-speed bar elevator 4 and is exposed to the ripper 8, made in the form of a shaft 9 on which flat discs 10 and 11 are fixed. Rotating inclined flat discs 10 and 11 perform a complex spatial movement and impact on the tuberous crest. In this case, flat discs 10 and 11 grind the soil crust of the tuber ridge and destroy the tuberous layer. Under the influence of rotating inclined discs 10 and 11, the tuberous layer is destroyed, and the tuberous mass of the soil moves to the high-speed bar elevator 4.

The technological process of destruction of the tuberous layer is carried out intensively, accompanied by complex spatial movements and shock effects of rotating inclined flat discs 10 and 11 on the tuberous ridge. Inclined flat discs 10 and 11, due to their design feature, smoothly change the angle α, capturing portions of tuberous soil during one revolution and intensively affect the tuberous layer with their lateral surfaces.

The rotational speed of the ripper 8 is greater than the speed of the high-speed bar elevator 4, therefore, the destroyed tuberous layer is not unloaded on the plowshares 2 and 3 in front of the high-speed bar elevator 4.

Flat discs 10 and 1 Stopped on the shaft 9 at an angle α to its axis, perform a complex spatial movement and, not only destroy the soil crust and soil lumps, but also intensively destroy the tuberous layer.

The technological process of destruction of the tuberous layer is more intensive, accompanied by complex spatial movement and impact effects of flat discs 10 and 11 on the tuberous ridge. Obliquely mounted flat discs 10 and 11 move along a sinusoidal path. The inclined flat discs 10 and 11, due to their design features, smoothly change the angle α of entry into the tuberous crest during one revolution and intensively affect the tuberous layer with their lateral surfaces. As a result of complex spatial movement and impact on the tuberous layer of inclined flat discs 10 and 11, fixed on the rotating shaft 9, the efficiency of destruction of tuberous soil, which moves to the bar elevator, increases.

The proposed potato digger, equipped with a ripper of the tuberous layer, made in the form of inclined flat discs at an angle α to the axis of the shaft, not only prevents the unloading of tuberous soil on the plowshares in front of the bar elevator, but also destroys the soil crust, soil lumps, tuberous soil and moves the tuberous soil the full width of the high-speed bar elevator and allows you to improve the sifting of the soil on the bar elevators.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing undercut plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a ripper, characterized in that the ripper is installed above the rear part of the plowshares and is made in the form of a rotating shaft with a square section, on which inclined flat discs are fixed at an angle α of inclination to the axis of rotation of the shaft, with the possibility of displacement along the axis of the shaft, and between adjacent obliquely fixed discs on the shaft there are spacer sleeves made with inclined end walls-bases.

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