RU2460269C1 - Small-sized potato harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery. Small-sized potato harvester contains digging share, support- transport wheels mounted on the axis, separating device consisting of pile-lifting and tuber-receiving elevators, top-removing belts put on with an interval of 12 cm on canvas of the tuber-receiving elevator. The combine is equipped with sharp flat discs, made without spade bugs mounted on rotating bearings on the same fixed axis with the support- transport wheels with an interval corresponding to the width of placement of potato tubers in the nest. The support- transport wheels are mounted on bearings located in the hub from the outer sides of the discs and with the minimal possible gap from them, and they consist of rims made of flat steel, connected with the hubs via spokes.

EFFECT: harvester design enables to reduce the overall size, to lessen its weight and improve operational performance.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for harvesting potatoes.

Known potato harvester (A01D, patent No. 2341950), in which the bar separating elevators are driven by two disks equipped with pochozatsev and placed at intervals corresponding to the width of the potato tubers in the nest.

As shown by field tests, the main disadvantage of this device is the insufficient linear speed of the bar elevators. The speed of the elevators is equal to the peripheral speed of the disks with the couplings, therefore, the translational speed of the unit. Whereas the speed of elevators should exceed the translational speed of the unit by 1.5 ... 2 times. As a result, the soil layer is unloaded on the ploughshare and between the branches of the elevators. Resistance instantly increases, the rolling of discs with tillers stops. The transverse unloading conveyor complicates the design and provides additional resistance.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- retaining the main structural scheme of the prototype (analog) to supplement it with a drive from the tractor PTO;

- in order to simplify the device, exclude from the structural scheme the transverse discharge conveyor and replace it with a reflective shield;

- in order to reduce the weight and overall dimensions of the combine, place the disks of the lifting-separating device and the supporting wheels on the common axis;

- get the lightest and smallest potato harvester in the world (digger-collector).

The indicated technical results are achieved in that a small-sized potato harvester containing a digging share, a separating device consisting of heap lifting and tuber-receiving elevators, topper separating belts, put on a tuber-receiving elevator canvas at intervals of 12 cm, have pointed flat disks placed with a corresponding width with a width of tubers in a nest mounted on a fixed axis on rolling bearings. At the same time, on the outside of the discs with the smallest possible gap on the same axis on the bearings, support wheels are installed, consisting of rims made of strip steel and connected to the hubs by means of spokes.

Above the upper branch of the tuber-receiving elevator, at a necessary angle to the direction of movement of the potato tubers, a reflective shield is placed in the form of a rectangular plate, fixed at the ends on racks, with the possibility of moving vertically in order to change the gap between the lower edge of the reflective shield and the elevator rods.

In order to prevent winding of tops and plant debris on the upper guide belt of the topper separator above the upper drive shaft of the heave elevator, a tube is provided with arcuate rods enveloping the shaft. An elastic (rubber) plate is attached to the same tube perpendicular to the surface of the elevator, designed to reflect tubers freely flying up and back. Below this plate there is a tuber breaker bar.

This embodiment of the device provides reliable reliable lightweight small harvester designed for harvesting potatoes in low-contour areas. The traction resistance of the machine and its kinematic length (the moment of lifting to transport position) are noticeably reduced. The possibility of using a machine with low-power tractors is expanding.

On heavy clay soils, the combine can work as a digger - rake. On well-treated soils (gardens), the harvester delivers tubers in their pure form without damage and loss to the container (basket, bag). There is a possibility of separation of small tubers from tubers of medium and large fractions.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a small potato harvester, side view, figure 2 is a drawing of the supporting wheels and discs mounted on a common axis.

On the axis 1 (figure 2) on the rolling bearings enclosed in the housing 2 are pointed flat disks 3. The interval between the disks 3 corresponds to the width of the potato tubers in the nest. With a retreat from the outer contour of the disks 3 along the radius by the amount of the height of the ridges (18 ... 20 cm) along the concentric circle, there are tightening rods 4, between which fingers 5 are fixed along the same circumference. On the outside of the disks 3 with the smallest possible gap on the axis 1 on bearings, enclosed in the hub 6, support wheels are installed, consisting of rims 7 made of strip steel and connected to the hubs 6 by means of spokes 8 (Fig. 1).

A tuber-receiving elevator 11 is put on the rods 4 and fingers 5 of the disks 3, as well as on the driving 9 and guide 10 shafts located above the disks 3. A reflective shield 12 is placed above the upper branch of the tuber-receiving elevator 11 at the required angle to the direction of movement of the potato tubers. plate, at the ends mounted on racks 13 with the ability to move vertically in order to change the gap between the lower edge of the shield 12 and the bars of the elevator 11.

The ploughshare 14 is made of an arcuate shape and is placed between the disks 3 in their rear lower part. The radius of curvature of the share corresponds to the radius of the disks 3. Above the share 14 at an angle to the horizon, greater than the angle of rotation of the tubers, a heap-lifting rod elevator 15 is located. Between the rear branch of the tuber-accepting rod elevator 11 and the front branch of the heap-lifting elevator 15, a channel tapers upward. In the area between the rear guide roller 10 of the tuber-intake rod elevator 11 and the drive shaft 16 of the heave elevator 15, there is a free zone for rolling tubers onto the tuber-intake rod elevator 11. To change the angle of inclination of the elevator branch 15, there is a sector 17 with many holes in the free zone.

Using the guide roller 18 located above and behind the drive shaft 16, the branches of the topping belts 19, worn with a certain interval (12 cm) on the tuber-receiving elevator 11 are pressed against the upper free branch of the heaving bar elevator 15.

To prevent winding the tops and plant debris on the guide roller 18 above the upper drive shaft 16 of the heave elevator, a tube 20 is placed with a length equal to the width of the elevator, equipped with arcuate rods 21 (comb), envelope roller 16, and an elastic plate 22 fixed to the tube 20 perpendicular to elevator surface 15. Below this plate there is a tuber breaker bar 23.

The work of a small potato harvester is as follows.

With the progressive movement of the harvesting unit, the disks 3 and the supporting wheels freely roll between the ridges. The rods of the lower branch of the tuber-receiving elevator 11, like a ribbed roller, rolling along the top of the ridge, partially destroy the lumps of soil, tilt and press the tops to the surface of the ridge.

The ploughshare 14 separates the soil layer (heap) from the main massif, partially deforms and destroys it. The movement of the formation along the curved surface of the ploughshare 14 is facilitated by the lower branch of the tuber-accepting bar elevator 11. Collapse of the formation on the sides is prevented by disks 3. These disks carry the formation from the sides in a circular motion.

In the area of exit from the ploughshare 14, centrifugal forces press the heap components to the surface of the heap elevator bed 15, which contributes to the intensive separation of fine soil impurities. Next, the heap is picked up by two branches of the bar elevators 11, 15 and carried up. At the same time, due to the action of gravity, part of the tubers is torn off from the tops and, falling down, is inverted in every way, being cleared of adhering soil. Fine soil is squeezed to the sides and falls down.

Then the tops and plant debris, and with them the remaining part of the soil, are pressed by the top-picking belts 19 to the rods of the heap elevating cloth 15, rise to the top point and are thrown back. In this case, most of the lumps of soil during the passage between the bars of the elevators 11 and 15, in the zone of their closest convergence, is destroyed.

As you lift the gap between the branches of the topping belts 19 and the surface of the heap elevator 15 is reduced. As a result, the belts 19 as if cut into a layer (heap) of soil and cut off most of the tubers from the tops. Separated loose tubers “float” to the surface of the formation and slide down to the surface of the upper branch of the tuber-receiving elevator 11. Undivided tubers rise higher, cut off from the tops, meeting with the tuber-breaking rod 23, and also slide down. The ejection of free tubers back together with the soil and plant impurities is prevented by the plate 22, and the winding of tops and plant debris on the roller 18 - rods 21 (comb).

In necessary cases, the angle of inclination of the upper branch of the heap elevator 15 is regulated by moving the bolt through the holes of the sector 17.

On the upper branch of the tuber-receiving elevator elevator 11, the tubers, having met with the reflective shield 12, are displaced to the side, go off the surface of the elevator, and enter the container (basket, bag) along the tray 24. In this case, small soil impurities remain on the surface of the elevator 11, pass through the gap between the lower edge of the reflective shield 12 and the rods of the elevator 11 and are thrown forward to the ground. If necessary, this gap can be adjusted so that small tubers pass through it.

On dry clay soils, tubers go down to the ground along the tray 24, forming an even roll.

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- placing discs of the separating body and supporting-drive wheels on one axis, replacing the unloading conveyor with a reflective shield simplified the design of the potato harvester, reduced its weight and overall dimensions;

- a lightweight small-sized potato harvester was obtained, which performs all operations of the harvesting process and produces tubers in their pure form.

Claims (2)

1. A small potato harvester containing a digging ploughshare, support wheels mounted on an axle, a separating device consisting of heap lifting and tuber-receiving elevators, topper belts, worn at intervals of 12 cm on the tuber-receiving elevator canvas, characterized in that it is equipped with a pointed disks made without tipping gears mounted on rolling bearings on one fixed axis with support wheels with an interval corresponding to the width of tubers Tophel in the nest, wherein the supporting-running wheels are mounted on bearings enclosed in the hub disc on the outer side and with the smallest possible spacing from them, and consist of a steel strip manufactured from the rims associated with hub by spokes. 2. The potato digger according to claim 1, characterized in that a reflective shield in the form of a rectangular plate is placed above the upper branch of the tuber-receiving elevator at the necessary angle to the direction of movement of the potato tubers, fixed at the ends with the ability to move vertically to change the gap between the lower edge of the shield and bars of the elevator, while above the upper drive shaft of the elevating elevator there is a tube whose length is equal to the width of the elevator, equipped with arcuate rods enveloping the shaft, and elasti a plate fixed to the tube perpendicular to the surface of the elevator, and below this plate there is a tuber breaker bar.

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