RU2295221C2 - Small-sized multifunctional potato harvesting combine with small tuber separator and accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: combine has digging shares, lifting-and-separating device, potato tops remover, and transverse discharge conveyor. Lifting of tuber-containing heap to needed height and intensive separation of tubers are provided by means of two parallel branches of rod-type elevator belts inclined toward direction of advancement of combine. One of belts running around drum has guiding paths on its lateral walls and is driven by drive shaft positioned at predetermined height above drum and offset forward relative to axis of rotation of said drum. Other driven elevator belt of smaller width is put onto pipes positioned in spaced apart relation from one another by predetermined distance on drum generatrices and circumferentially fixed on its lateral walls by means of bolts, concentrically to guiding path. This belt is tightened by means of upper guiding roll arranged at the level of or higher than drive shaft and forward of it. Adjustable gap is defined between rods of elevator belts in zone where said belts approach one another, said gap being adjusted at portion where elevator belt runs around drum by repositioning of bolts securing pipes over radial openings provided on drum sides, and in upper part by moving axis of guiding roll positioned between drive shaft and guiding roll of driven elevator belt.

EFFECT: simplified construction, reduced weight, enhanced reliability in operation, and wider operational capabilities of combine.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for harvesting potatoes.

Known root harvester (see RF patent No. 2128418, A 01 D 17/22). This device does not provide the lifting of potato tubers and root crops to the height necessary to feed them into the hopper or into the tank next to the next vehicle. In addition, on a short technological path, soil and plant impurities are not completely separated from potato tubers (root crops).

In the improved design of the combine (see RF patent No. 2195103), the technological scheme is supplemented by the second stage of a centrifugal-squeeze separator. This reconstruction provides a reliable supply of tubers to the capacity of vehicles and increases the efficiency of separation of soil and plant impurities.

However, the design of the harvester became more complicated, its mass increased, and the percentage (number) of damaged tubers increased markedly.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- simplification of the design of the combine and reducing its mass;

- exclusion from the design of the lifting conveyor and ensuring the tubers are raised to the required height during the separation process;

- separation of small tubers and small impurities from tubers of medium and large size;

- the accumulation of small tubers and impurities in the hopper, re-passing them through the separating organs of the combine and feeding them into a separate container next to the next vehicle;

- obtaining the lattice surface of the tape of the transverse discharge conveyor;

- provide a device for supplying clean tubers to a standard container or tuber, directing the tubers into replaceable bags on the go;

- finally, the creation of the simplest in design, reliable in operation, small-sized, multifunctional harvester based on fundamentally new working bodies that have no analogues in the world.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype (patent No. 2195103), the tuberous heap is raised to the required height and its intensive separation is ensured by two parallel branches of the bar elevators that are inclined towards the movement of the unit, the gap (distance) between which is regulated depending on conditions harvesting.

In this case, the tops and tubers are separated by endless round belts enveloping the driven elevator belt and the free upper branches of which are laid back with respect to the drive shaft of the elevator drum envelope using a guide roller with pulleys.

The separation of small tubers and small impurities is carried out by a simple flat sorting sieve equipped with a bottom tray pan. Small tubers and impurities accumulate in the storage hopper equipped with an unloading device, and are re-passed through the separating bodies and fed into a separate tank next to the next vehicle. The belt of the unloading transverse conveyor of the combine has a lattice surface composed of many parallel flexible threads mounted on steel rods placed on the supporting belts with the necessary interval.

In front of the harvester there is a free platform for placement on it, depending on the conditions and the organization of harvesting or a storage hopper, or a container for storing potatoes or a device for picking tubers in bags.

Such a performance of the combine, first of all, simplifies its design and dramatically reduces the cost of manufacturing. As can be seen from the constructive scheme, the main working bodies: a centrifugal-squeezing separating and lifting organ, a topper separator, a sorting sieve, a hopper-hopper for small tubers and impurities can be mounted on a frame of a mass digger of the KST-1.4 type. Therefore, each such digger can be converted into a combine in the workshop, not inferior in performance and quality indicators to bulky expensive combines like KPK-2, KKU-2A, DR-1500, etc. Now that more than 90% of potatoes are cultivated on household plots and on farms, on small areas, the need for cheap small-sized harvesters is very high.

An important advantage of the proposed combine is the presence in the design of the sorting device. All fine, crushed soil is sent to an intermediate storage hopper. This means that the range of use of the harvester of a simplified design is expanding and there is no need for additional post-harvest processing of potatoes.

The proposed device is the result of continuous many years of inventive activity of the authors and is based on fundamentally new working bodies that have no analogues in the world: a centrifugal-squeezing separator, a belt-inertial topper separator, a lattice belt of an unloading conveyor, a storage hopper for small tubers and soil impurities.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the harvester, side view; figure 2 is a diagram of the lattice tape of the discharge conveyor; figure 3 - layout of the container; figure 4 - diagram of a device for receiving potatoes in bags.

The harvester includes digging plowshares, a main bar elevator, a lifting and separating device, a belt-inertial separator of potato tops, a sorting sieve, a storage hopper equipped with a device for unloading small tubers and impurities, an unloading conveyor with a trellis belt. The plowshares 1 and the main rod elevator 2 are located in the front lower part of the combine frame.

The lifting-separating device consists of two bar elevator webs 3 and 4, one of which bends around the drum 5, which has guide tracks on the side walls, and is driven by the drive shaft 6, located at the required height above the drum 5, and is shifted forward relative to its axis rotation, the second driven elevator web 4 of reduced width is worn on tubes 7 placed at the required interval along the generatrix of the drum 5 and mounted on the side walls with bolts around a circle concentric with the guide tracks e, and stretched by the upper guide roller 8, placed at or above the drive shaft 6 and in front of it. At the same time, a gap is formed between the bars of the elevator canvases 3 and 4 in the zone of their convergence, which is adjustable in the section around the drum 5 by the elevator belt 3 by moving the bolts, fixing the tubes along the holes on the drum sidewalls 5, placed along the radius, and in the upper part by moving the axis of the guide roller 9, located between the drive shaft and the guide roller 8 of the driven elevator web 4.

The endless round belts of the topper 10 round the driven elevator web 4, while the free upper branches are retracted using the guide roller 11 with pulleys back relative to the upper drive shaft 6 of the elevator web 3 until the rear branches of the belts 10 come into contact with the elevator rods 3. Roller 11 on bearings mounted on the upper end of the rack 12.

Elevator belts 3 and 4, drum 5, topper 10 belts are driven from one shaft 6.

Between the guide roller 8 of the driven elevator belt 4 and the unloading transverse conveyor there is a flat sorting sieve 13 with a drive mechanism (not shown in the diagram), equipped with a bottom pallet-tray 14, and under the sieve 13 there is a storage hopper 15, on the inclined bottom of which there is a shaker consisting of a plate 16, one end of which is pivotally connected to the bottom, and at the other end there is a sector 17 with two holes, on which is mounted a rack 18 of the roller 19 in contact with the rods of the elevator belt 3. In addition to about the lower discharge window of the hopper 15 is blocked by a shutter 20, driven by a gear rack mechanism 21.

The unloading conveyor belt has a lattice surface (Fig. 2), consisting of a plurality of parallel-stretched flexible threads 22 (steel canes in a sheath) fixed with the necessary pitch on steel rods 23 with perforated elastic strips 24 (flat belts), the ends of which are with the necessary spaced riveted to the flat bearing straps 25.

In front of the harvester there is a free platform on which, depending on the harvesting conditions, it is possible to place either a container (Fig. 3) on the roller tables or a tuber receiver (Fig. 4), directing tubers that can be replaced on the go into bags.

The work of a small multi-function potato harvester with a separator and a drive for small tubers is as follows.

With the progressive movement of the aggregate, the shares 1 separate the formation from the main massif of the soil, partially deform and destroy it. From plowshares 1 layer together with tubers and tops enters the surface of the bar elevator 2, at this elevator partial soil separation occurs. With further movement, the formation is pinched between the elevator canvases 3 and 4, the rods of which compress and deform the formation. At the same time, dense lumps of soil are intensively destroyed and their particles are squeezed out through the gaps between the bars of the elevators. The movement of soil particles contributes to the partial separation of potato tubers from the tops. The height of the formation is sharply reduced to the size of the gap between the canvas elevators 3 and 4 in the zone of their convergence. The size of this gap in the section of the envelope of the drum 5 with elevator belts 3 and 4, if necessary, is regulated by the rearrangement of the bolts securing the tubes 7, along the holes located on the sides of the drum 5, located along the radius. In addition to the squeezing force, a heap moving along an arc of a circle is affected by a component of gravity and a normal component of inertia (centrifugal force). As a result, the soil is intensively separated from the potato tubers during movement along the annular channel.

At the moment the formation is pinched between the elevator webs 3 and 4, the tops with tubers are simultaneously clamped between the topper separator belts 10 and the bars of the elevator web 3. In this state, the tops with tubers bend around the drum and then reliably rise to the required height in a straight section. At the same time, tubers and soil particles, partially separated from the tops of the tops, are entrained in motion by two parallel branches of the elevator canvases 3 and 4. In the process of raising the heap in a rectilinear section due to vibration of the elevator canvases, the process of separation of soil impurities from potato tubers continues.

In the upper part of the canvas elevators 3 and 4 diverge. The separated tubers from the tops and the remaining impurities remain on the canvas of the driven elevator 4, and the tops with not separated tubers, sandwiched between the bars of the elevator 3 and the belts 10 of the topper, rises to the upper drive shaft 6 and here, due to a sharp change in the direction of movement of the bars of the elevator 3 and belts 10 inertial forces (centrifugal force) arise, providing a reliable separation of tubers from the tops.

Tops and plant impurities descend down the elevator branch 3 and fall back after the combine, and the tubers separated from the tops arrive (fall) on the upper inclined surface of the elevator 4. Then the tubers, along with the remaining impurities, are sent to the sorting sieve 13. Large and medium tuber fraction from the sieve descends to the unloading cross conveyor: a small fraction of tubers together with small lumps and crushed soil passes through a flat sieve and enters the storage hopper 15 along the pallet-tray 14.

Upon filling the storage hopper 15, the harvester is stopped. Using a rack-and-pinion mechanism, the shutter 20 is lifted, the stand 18 is fixed with the roller 19 on the sector 17 in the working position (the roller 19 is brought into contact with the rods of the elevator 3). Bring the tray tray 14 under the plane of the sieve 13.

The V.O.M. of the tractor is turned on and the mechanisms of the combine are driven. At the same time, under the action of the vibrating plate 16, the tubers, together with impurities, descend to the surface of the bar elevator 3 and then pass through the separating bodies for the second time and, according to the sieve 13, which is closed from below by the pallet-tray 14, enter the unloading conveyor and are sent to the vehicle’s tank via it.

After unloading small tubers, the tray-pallet 14 is moved to the inclined position, the shutter 20 is lowered, and the roller 19 with the stand 18 is fixed on the sector 17 in the idle position. Next, the harvester cycle is repeated.

Harvester prototype manufactured

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- the absence in the design of the combine harvester of unreliable pneumatic ball compressors, separating finger slides of a peal, a lifting conveyor, screws for various purposes, a rare-rod elevator of a topper separator, a bulkhead table and, accordingly, mechanisms of their driving;

- if there is a device for separating small tubers on the combine, there is no need for post-harvest processing of potatoes;

- when harvesting potatoes grown on light soils, the tubers can be placed in containers or bags;

- simplicity and manufacturability of the design scheme, as a result of which the possibility of its manufacture in the conditions of production workshops;

- low market price.

The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (5)

1. A small-sized multifunctional potato harvester with a separator and accumulator of small tubers, containing digging plowshares, a lifting and separating device, a topper of potato tops, an unloading cross conveyor, characterized in that the tuberous heap is raised to the required height and its intensive separation is ensured by two parallel inclined to the side the movement of the unit, the branches of bar elevator canvases, one of which bends around the drum, which has guides on the side walls ki and driven by a drive shaft located at the required height above the drum and shifted forward relative to the axis of rotation, a second driven elevator belt of reduced width is worn on tubes placed at the required interval along the generatrix of the drum and mounted on its side walls using bolts circumference, concentric with the guide track and stretched by the upper guide roller, placed at or above the drive shaft and in front of it, while between the bars of the elevator canvases in the zone they are brought together In this case, a gap is formed, which is regulated in the area around the drum by the elevator belt by shifting the bolts that fix the tubes along the holes on the drum sides located radially, and in the upper part by moving the axis of the guide roller located between the drive shaft and the guide roller of the driven elevator belt. 2. Small-sized multifunctional potato harvester with separator and accumulator of small tubers, characterized in that the endless round belts of the topper, placed at the required interval, bend around the driven elevator canvas, while the upper free branches are retracted with the help of the guide roller with pulleys back relative to the drive shaft, the envelope of the drum of the elevator canvas until the rear branches of the belts come into contact with the elevator rods. 3. Small-sized multifunctional potato harvester with separator and accumulator of small tubers, characterized in that a flat sorting sieve with a drive mechanism is provided between the guide roller of the driven elevator belt and the unloading transverse conveyor, equipped with a bottom tray-tray, and a storage hopper is installed under the sieve the inclined bottom of which there is a shaker, consisting of a plate, one end of which is pivotally connected to the bottom, and at the other end is the sector on which the rack is mounted roller in contact with the rods of the elevator canvas, in addition, the lower discharge window of the hopper is blocked by a shutter, driven by a gear-rack mechanism. 4. Small-sized multifunctional potato harvester with separator and accumulator of small tubers, characterized in that the conveyor belt has a lattice surface made up of many parallel-tensioned flexible steel wire strands in a sheath, fixed to the steel rods with the necessary pitch using perforated elastic strips - flat belts, the ends of which are riveted to the flat bearing belts with the necessary interval. 5. Small-sized multifunctional potato harvester with separator and accumulator of small tubers, characterized in that on the front of the combine there is a platform for placement on it, depending on the harvesting conditions or storage hopper for small tubers and impurities, or a standard container for storing potatoes, or tuber receiver directing tubers to replaceable bags on the go.

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