CN103314698B - Stagewise potato combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a graded potato combine harvester, comprising a frame (29), on which a primary soil and potato separation and conveying device (6), a stalk separation device, and a secondary soil and potato separation and conveying device are arranged. device (10), potato block vertical lifting device, roller shaft chain type grading device and main transmission (31), the bottom of the frame (29) is provided with ground wheel (30), the front end is provided with traction device (1), and the excavating shovel Frame assembly is hinged with frame (29), and is controlled lifting by lifting oil cylinder (26). Potato block vertical lifting device is made up of driving wheel (15), driven wheel (11), guide wheel (14), traction chain (belt) (12), scraper (13) and grid bar. In the middle of the roller chain type grading device, there is a potato block horizontal conveying device composed of a speed changer (24), a chain grid bar (22) and a driving and driven wheel, and a material receiving and bagging device (32) is provided on one side. The machine is a tractor semi-mounted type, which can complete the processes of potato digging, soil potato, stalk, weed separation, potato grading, bagging and other processes at one time.

Description

Grading Potato Combine Harvester

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment capable of one-time combined potato harvesting, in particular to a graded potato combined harvester.

Background technique

At present, there are basically two types of potato harvesting machines at home and abroad: one is a small and medium-sized potato excavator, which has a single function. It can only dig, separate, and lay potatoes on the ground in strips, and then pick them up manually. It is labor-consuming and time-consuming, the production efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is still relatively large. One is a large and medium-sized potato combine harvester, which also has a self-storage type and a side-arm output type. The side-arm output type is more commonly used. It is bulky and has a large supporting power. 1. It is difficult to work on the edge of the field, and it is suitable for large-scale operations. At present, there are patent reports on the potato combine harvester that is suitable for medium-sized plots and can realize grading at the same time, but it has not been put into mass production.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a new graded potato combine harvester, which can complete potato excavation, soil and potato separation, stalk, weed and mulch separation, and potato piece transportation at one time. Elevating, grading potato pieces, collecting and bagging and other processes, thereby effectively solving the problems in the prior art.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: the novel graded potato combine harvester includes a frame (29), and is characterized in that it also includes a frame (29) A first-level soil and potato separation conveying device (6), a stalk separation device, a secondary soil and potato separation and conveying device (10) and a roller chain type grading device are provided, and the ground wheel (30) is provided at the bottom of the frame (29). The front end of the frame (29) is provided with a universal traction device (1), and the digging shovel frame (5) is hinged with the frame (29) through parallel double pull rods (2) on both sides, and the profiling pressing roller (28), cutting Soil disc cutter (3), digging shovel (4) are installed on the digging shovel frame (5), and digging shovel frame (5) top links to each other with the piston rod of the lifting cylinder (26) on the frame (29). The rear end of the secondary soil and potato separation conveying device (10) is provided with a potato block vertical lifting device, and the potato block vertical lifting device is composed of a driving wheel (15), a driven wheel (11), a guide wheel (14), a traction chain (belt) (12), scraper plate (13), retaining potato leakage soil grid bar and guard cover (16) form.

The main transmission (31) is also arranged on the frame (29), and the power input shaft of the main transmission (31) is connected with the transmission shaft (27), and the transmission shaft (27) passes through its front end telescopic sleeve type cardan shaft. Connected to the tractor power take-off shaft.

Both the first-stage soil and potato separation and conveying device (6) and the second-stage soil and potato separation and conveying device (10) are of conveyor belt rod type. The rear end of the primary soil and potato separation conveying device (6) is provided with a stalk separating device corresponding to the secondary soil and potato separating conveying device (10). The stalk separating device consists of an elastic comb (9), a potato picking roller (8) Composed of the seedling guide plate (7), the elastic comb bar (9) is torsionally pressed by a helical spring, and its elasticity is adjusted by rotating the comb bar shaft to prevent blockage caused by potato seedlings, weeds and plastic film.

The roller chain type classification device is composed of driving sprocket (23), driven sprocket (17), classification chain plate (18), short roller shaft (19), long roller shaft (20), guide rail (21) composition. In the middle of the roller shaft chain type classification device, there is a potato piece transverse conveying device, which is composed of a transverse conveying transmission (24), a transverse conveying chain grid bar (or belt) (22) and a driving and driven wheel. A receiving and bagging device (32) is provided corresponding to the output end of the transverse conveying device.

The profiling suppression roller (28) is a cylindrical single long roller or a saddle-shaped double short roller. The height adjustment arm and U-shaped bolts are connected to the front beam of the excavation shovel (5) to adjust the excavation depth. The excavation shovel (4) is a split-type three-stage plane combination structure, which reduces the excavation resistance and enhances the crushing, Soil loosening ability.

The beneficial effects of the graded potato combine harvester include that it adapts to the requirements of harvesting operations in different planting modes of flat sowing and ridge sowing by configuring and replacing different profiling pressure rollers; by optimizing the shape and parameters of the digging shovel , the designed split-type three-stage plane combination shovel reduces the excavation resistance and enhances the capacity of crushing and loosening the soil; the improved design of the stem separation device adds a comb rod elastic adjustment mechanism and a seedling guide plate, which enhances the adaptability and Separation effect; the designed scraper grid chain (or belt scraper type) vertical lifting device for potato pieces can receive and discharge materials on the same side, and the conveying distance is short. During the conveying process, the potato pieces have less collision and movement, effectively reducing the The mechanical damage of the potato blocks; the grid chain (or belt type) horizontal conveying device added in the middle of the roller chain grading device makes the grading and bagging of the potato blocks smoother, and at the same time reduces the impurity rate of the bagged potatoes; tractor traction operation The height of the profiling roller and the depth of the digging shovel can be adjusted through the hydraulic output device of the tractor, while the longitudinal horizontal state of the harvester and the angle of digging the shovel into the soil remain unchanged, meeting the requirements of different planting methods for potato harvesting and smooth grading.

The graded potato combine harvester can complete the processes of excavating potato crops, separating soil and potatoes, separating stalks, weeds and plastic film, conveying and transporting potato pieces, grading potato pieces, and collecting and bagging at one time. Greatly improve the working efficiency and labor productivity of potato harvesting, reduce the labor intensity of people, and solve the prominent problems existing in potato production. This machine can be conveniently matched with 45～58.8KW tractors, suitable for medium land operation, and more in line with China's national conditions.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle front view structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a left view structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 of the present invention.

detailed description:

Below in conjunction with the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, further describe in detail:

See Fig. 1, 2, 3, described graded potato combine harvester, the front end of frame 29 is provided with universal traction device 1, and complete machine is connected with two pull-down rods of tractor hydraulic suspension device by universal traction device 1 , the longitudinal horizontal state of the harvester can be adjusted by the tractor hydraulic suspension device; the lifting cylinder 26 is equipped with the top of the frame 29, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 26 is hinged with the top of the excavating shovel frame 5 hinged on the frame 29. When the harvester is in the working state and the non-working state, the digging shovel frame 5 is raised and lowered, and the profiling pressure roller 28, the soil cutting disc knife 3, and the digging shovel 4 are installed on the excavation shovel frame 5, and the profiling pressure roller 28 passes through the height adjustment arm. It is connected with the U-shaped bolt on the front beam of the excavating shovel 5, and the profiling pressing roller 28 is provided with two kinds of single long rollers with a cylindrical surface and double short sticks with a saddle shape, which can be planted according to the flat sowing and ridge sowing planting modes. Dressing; the excavating shovel 4 is a split-type three-order plane combination structure; the excavating shovel frame 5 is hinged to the frame 29 through parallel double tie rods 2 on both sides, so that the excavating shovel frame column and the frame are connected to form a parallel four-bar mechanism to ensure different The optimal entry angle of the digging shovel remains unchanged at the digging depth.

The bottom of described frame 29 is provided with ground wheel 30, and frame 29 is provided with one-level soil and potato separation conveying device 6, stalk separation device, two-stage soil and potato separation and conveying device and roller chain type grading device, one-level The soil and potato separation conveying device 6 and the secondary soil and potato separation and conveying device are conveyor belt bar type. The stalk separation device including the elastic comb bar 9, the potato picking roller 8 and the seedling guide plate 7 is arranged between the primary soil and potato separation conveying device 6 and the secondary soil and potato separating conveying device 10, and the elastic comb rod 9 is twisted by a coil spring Pressure is applied, and its elasticity is regulated by turning the shaft of the comb bar. The roller chain type classification device comprises driving sprocket 23, driven sprocket 17, classification chain plate 18, short roller shaft 19, long roller shaft 20, guide rail 21, and the surface of short roller shaft 19 and long roller shaft 20 is uniform. It is made of rubber, and there are rollers fixed at both ends, which roll on their respective guide rails, so that the rollers rotate separately while moving as a whole, so that the potato pieces can be calibrated and graded. The grading level of the potato pieces is divided into three grades: large, medium and small, and the degree of lumps can be adjusted conveniently by adjusting the vertical height of the guide rail 21 as required. In the middle of the roller shaft chain type grading device, there is a potato block lateral conveying device comprising a lateral conveying speed changer 24, a lateral conveying chain grid bar (or belt) 22, and driving and driven wheels. Bag device 32, classifying device rear end is also provided with large potato block material receiving grid plate 25 and material receiving bagging device 32.

The rear end of described two-stage soil and potato separation conveying device 10 is provided with the potato block that is made up of driving wheel 15, driven wheel 11, guide wheel 14, traction chain (belt) 12, scraper 13, grid bar and shield 16 Vertical lifting device. Described frame 29 is also provided with main transmission 31, and main transmission 31 power input shaft links to each other with transmission shaft 27, and transmission shaft 27 links to each other with tractor power output shaft by its front telescoping sleeve type cardan shaft. The output of the main transmission 31 is divided into two paths: one path is transmitted to the first-level soil and potato separation conveying device 6 through a chain drive, and then passed to the secondary soil and potato separation and conveying device 10, and the secondary soil and potato separation device drives the wheel shaft through the chain transmission and the intermediate shaft. The power is transmitted to the driving wheel 15 of the vertical lifting device for potato pieces; the other is transmitted to the roller shaft chain grading driving sprocket 23 through chain transmission, and the driving sprocket shaft of the roller chain grading device transmits the power to the horizontal transmission transmission 24 input through chain transmission Shaft, the output shaft of the lateral transmission transmission 24 transmits power to the drive shaft of the potato piece horizontal conveying device through the chain transmission, and the potato piece horizontal conveying device is a chain grid bar type or a belt type.

The above-mentioned hierarchical potato combine harvester is matched with the tractor in a semi-mounted type, and the power is all provided by the tractor. The walking and excavation rely on tractor traction, the separation and transportation of soil and potatoes, the separation of stalks, the lifting and transportation of potato pieces and The movement power such as classification is provided by the tractor power output shaft, and the lifting of the excavating shovel frame 5 and the profiling pressure roller 28 mounted on it, the excavating shovel 4, the soil cutting disc knife 3 and the first-stage soil and potato separation conveying device 6 is controlled by the driver. Through tractor hydraulic output and lifting cylinder 26 manipulation. When working, the tractor pulls the whole machine to walk, the profiling suppression roller 28 crushes the surface soil and performs ground profiling, the soil cutting disc knife 3 rolls and cuts the soil to prevent the soil from being entangled with grass, and the digging shovel 4 digs up two cuts. Potato pieces between the soil disk cutters 3, soil wafts, stems and weeds (mulch) etc., the agglomerated soil is shaken, loosened and broken by the first-level soil and potato separation conveying device 6, so that it is smaller than the gap between the rods. Soil and inclusions are screened, stalks, potato pieces, soil clods larger than the bar spacing, mulch film and inclusions are transported to the elastic comb rod picking roller type stalk separation device, and the stalks, weeds, and mulch film are separated by elastic combs. Bar 9 stops and slides along the comb bar, and is thrown on the ground under the effect of one-level soil and potato separation conveyor belt, potato picking roller 8 and seedling guide plate 7. The agglomerated soil falls from the primary soil and potato separation conveyor belt into the secondary soil and potato separation conveyor belt and is further crushed. After being shaken and screened by the secondary soil and potato separation conveying device, it is completely sieved, and the potato pieces are separated by the secondary soil and potato The conveyor belt is transported to the potato piece vertical lifting device, and when it is vertically lifted to the upper part of the grading device under the action of the scraper 13, the traction chain (belt) 12, and the guide wheel 14, the potato pieces are dumped forward into the roller shaft chain type classification On the device, in the process of moving longitudinally with the roller shaft, according to the size of the block size, it falls into the horizontal conveying device of the potato block below through the gap between the roller shafts, and is transported to the material receiving and bagging device 32 to complete the grading and bagging. Part of the block size Oversized potato pieces fall into the inclined material receiving grid plate 25 through the end of the roller chain type grading device, and are finally guided to fall into the corresponding bags of the material receiving and bagging device 32 . The entire potato block vertical lifting device, both sides of the grading device and all transmission chains and wheels are equipped with protective cover plates.

Claims (3)

1. A graded potato combine harvester, comprising a frame (29), characterized in that the frame (29) is also provided with a first-level soil and potato separation conveying device (6), stalk separation device, secondary soil and potato separation conveying device (10), roller shaft chain type grading device, the rear end of secondary soil and potato separation conveying device (10) is provided with potato piece vertical lifting device, by driving wheel (15), driven wheel (11), guide wheel (14), traction chain or belt (12), scraper (13), retaining potato leaking soil grid and protective cover (16), the same side of the material, unloading, roller chain In the middle of the grading device, there is a horizontal conveying device for potato pieces, which is composed of a horizontal conveying transmission (24), a horizontal conveying chain bar or belt (22), and a master and a driven wheel. (32), the bottom of the frame (29) is provided with a ground wheel (30), and the front end of the frame (29) is provided with a universal traction device (1), and the digging shovel frame (5) passes through parallel double pull rods (2) ) is hinged with the frame (29), and the profiling pressure roller (28), the soil cutting disc cutter (3), and the excavating shovel (4) are installed on the excavating shovel frame (5), and the excavating shovel frame (5) top and The piston rod of the lifting cylinder (26) on the frame (29) is connected, and the lifting of the excavating shovel assembly and the first-level soil and potato separation and conveying device (6) is controlled by the driver through the hydraulic output of the tractor and the lifting cylinder (26). The above-mentioned frame (29) is also provided with a main transmission (31), its power input shaft is connected with the transmission shaft (27), and the transmission shaft (27) is connected with the tractor power output shaft through its front end telescopic sleeve type cardan shaft. connected. 2. The graded potato combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: said stalk separation device is arranged at the first-level soil and potato separation and conveying device (6) corresponding to the second-level soil and potato separation and conveying device (10 ) is composed of an elastic comb bar (9), a potato picking roller (8) and a seedling guide plate (7). The elastic comb bar (9) is torsionally pressed by a helical spring. Prevent clogging caused by potato seedlings, weeds and plastic film. 3. The graded potato combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the profiled pressing roller (28) is a single long roller with a cylindrical roller surface or a double short roller with a saddle-shaped roller surface. The roller can be replaced according to the planting mode of flat sowing and ridge sowing. The profiling pressing roller (28) is connected to the front beam of the excavating shovel (5) through a height adjustment arm and U-shaped bolts to adjust the excavation depth. The excavating shovel (4) is a split-type three-stage plane combination structure, which reduces excavation resistance and enhances the capacity of crushing and loosening soil.