UA119198C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The cleaning unit is a cascade of three parts formed by short cylindrical rollers, which are inclined in the longitudinal and vertical plane at the same angles, with the cascades between the first and second and between the second and third parts at the lower output end brushes with long elastic rods, on top of which, with corresponding gaps, are mounted covering planes, which have wavy shapes, the inner working surfaces of which contain fixed console with a corresponding step short elastic fingers, and the outer surfaces of the planes through the common rod frame are kinematically connected to the mechanism of their vibrational motions.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil impurities and plant residues, which include, as a rule, a sequentially placed main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, clod shredders, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov

G.D. Potato harvester. o Calculation and design. M. Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p.).

The technological process of operation of these devices is carried out in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating its movements and applying different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this refers to the absence of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities in the known designs, when the separation of a pile of root and tuber crops occurs during its intensive shaking and the involvement of parts of the pile in a complex movement along different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The closest to the claimed device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device, the technical essence of which is contained in the patent of Ukraine Mo 80790, АО1О 33/08, published on October 25, 2007, bulletin Mo 17, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, above which a chop brush is placed , then an inclined cleaning unit, formed by drive cylindrical rollers, which have a counter-rotating motion in pairs and which has the shape of a conical slit in the transverse plane. A drive activator in the form of a cantilever conical screw is installed inside the cleaning unit at an angle, and an unloading conveyor is also located below the cleaning unit.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of unpeeled root vegetables is fed from above by a feed conveyor, onto the surface of the cleaning block and begins to move downwards. The chopper brush grinds the pile and separates it into separate components. The downward movement of root tuber bodies, inside the cleaning block, is helped by an activator, which also

Zo grinds and disperses the pile on the cleaning surface. On the surface of the drive cylindrical rollers, impurities are captured by them and, due to the fact that the rollers have counter-rotating movements in pairs, the impurities are captured and carried outside the cleaner. Since the cleaning unit has the shape of a conical slot, the bodies of root vegetables, under the influence of their own weight, fall down and come into contact with the driving cylindrical rollers, and the adhering soil is separated from their surface.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is being cleaned does not have long-term contact with the surface of the cleaning unit. The activator installed inside the cleaning unit effectively grinds a pile of root vegetables, but does not provide the conditions for deliberate pressing of parts of the pile to the cleaning surfaces, i.e. to pairs of drive cylindrical rollers. On the contrary, such a shape and such an arrangement of the activator contributes to the removal of a part of the heap pile from the lower part of the gap formed by the cleaning drive cylindrical rollers.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits, which has a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, an inclined cleaning block is installed, formed by cylindrical drive rollers with counter-rotating movements in pairs, inside which an activator is installed, as well as a cleaning slide and the unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the cleaning unit, forms a cascade of three parts, formed by short cylindrical rollers, which are obliquely installed in the longitudinal-vertical plane at the same angles, while in the ledges of the cascade between the first and second and between the second and third parts and under the lower output end of the third part, driving brushes with long elastic rods are installed, on top of which, with corresponding gaps, covering planes are installed, which have wave-like shapes, the inner working surfaces of which contain cantilevered short elastic fingers with a corresponding step, and the outer surfaces of the planes through the common st the mandrel frame is kinematically connected with the mechanism of their vibration movements.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops is schematically shown in Fig

Fig. 1 (general side view). In Fig. 2 this view A in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the upper inlet end of which is installed a reflective brush 3, formed by rods of elastic material. Behind the feed conveyor 2 is an obliquely located cleaning block, which forms a cascade of three parts: the first (that is, the uppermost) 4, with a drive 5 in the rotational movement of its cylindrical rollers, the second (middle) 6 with a drive 7 in the rotational movement of its cylindrical rollers and the third (lower) 8 with a drive 9 in the rotational movement of its cylindrical rollers. Each of the specified parts 4, 6 and 8, formed by short cylindrical rollers, are obliquely installed in the longitudinal-vertical plane at the same angles. In addition, pairs of drive cylindrical rollers of each of the parts 4, 6 and 8 have different directions of rotational movements (relative to each of the parts) and different angular velocities of counter-rotating movements. Thus, the angular speeds of rotational movement of pairs of rollers of part 4 - 01 are the largest, the angular speeds of rotational movement of rollers of part 6 - 02 are already smaller, and the angular speeds of rotational movements of rollers of part 8 - 03 are the smallest, i.e. shfi»sha»o)z. In the ledges of the cascade between the first 4 and the second 6 and between the second 6 and the third 8 parts and under the lower output end of the third part 8, drive brushes 10 with long elastic rods and with downward rotation directions are installed (the drive is not shown). On top of the brushes 10 with corresponding gaps are installed covering planes 11, which have a wave-like shape, the inner working surfaces of which contain cantilever fixed short elastic fingers 12 with an appropriate pitch. The outer surfaces of the planes 11 are kinematically connected to the mechanism 14 through a common rod frame 13 vibrational movements. Under the lower output end of the cleaning unit, i.e. below the drive cylindrical rollers of part 8 and the lower brush 10, a finger cleaning slide 15 is obliquely installed, and an unloading conveyor 16 is located horizontally under its lower end. A protective arc-shaped screen 17 is installed opposite the feeding conveyor 2. Flow directions of root and tuber crops, rotary and oscillating movements of the working bodies of the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers is fed with the help of a feed conveyor 2. The chopping brush C is installed on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods are partially crushed,

A pile of roots and tubers is separated into separate components and sent to the surface of the cleaning block. The protective arc-shaped screen 17 installed opposite the feeding conveyor 2 prevents the loss of parts of a pile of root vegetables during loading.

Since the cleaning unit is a cascade consisting of three parts 4, 6 and 8, first a partially crushed pile of roots and tubers falls on the first, its uppermost part 4, which is formed by the drive cylindrical rollers. Due to the fact that the cylindrical rollers of part 4, with the help of drive 5, have counter-rotating movements in pairs with the highest angular velocities (001), soil impurities and plant residues are captured by the rollers of part 4 and carried down beyond the device. The bodies of root vegetables roll along the surface of the cylindrical rollers part 4 downwards under the influence of its own weight. After the bodies of root vegetables overcome the first, uppermost part 4 of the cascade, they fall on the driving brush 10 with long elastic rods, which has a direction of rotation downward and transports them to the second, middle part 6 of the cascade cleaning unit.

However, due to the fact that the driving brush 10 is covered from above by a wave-shaped plane 11, the inner working surface of which contains cantilevered elastic fingers 12, the bodies of root vegetables pass through the gap between the driving brush 10 and the inner surface of the plane 11. At the same time, since the covering the plane 11 through the rod frame 13 is connected to the mechanism 314 of its oscillating movements, then the elastic fingers 12 periodically (with the corresponding amplitude and frequency) press the bodies of root vegetables against the elastic rods of the drive brush 10, which effectively combs the soil stuck to the surface of the bodies of root vegetables. After that, the partially cleaned bodies of root and tuber fruits and some impurities fall on the second middle part 6 of the cascade of the cleaning unit, which is also formed by cylindrical rollers, which, thanks to the drive 7, have counter-rotating movements in pairs already with a lower angular speed 002. However, here the drive 7 provides the rollers with parts b different direction of counter-rotational movement, and therefore the bodies of root vegetables and some impurities here on the second middle part 6 of the cascade have additional movements in the transverse plane. This creates conditions under which soil impurities and plant residues are effectively captured by the pairs of cylindrical rollers of part 6 and carried in the opposite direction outside the device. And the root tuber bodies under the influence of their own weight roll down and fall on the second drive brush 10 (the same as before) with long elastic rods. This brush 10 is also covered from above and from the side by a wave-shaped covering plane 11, which is also connected to the mechanism 14 of oscillating movements through the rod frame 13. Therefore, the elastic fingers 12 of this brush also press the root tuber bodies to the second drive brush 10. Here, the process of effective cleaning of the side surfaces of the root tuber bodies from adhering soil also takes place. After that, the root tuber bodies and the remaining impurities fall on the third lower part 8 of the cascade of the cleaning unit, which is formed by the same cylindrical rollers, which are connected to the drive 9 in a counter-rotating motion in pairs. Since a large number of root tuber bodies and a small amount of impurities fall on the surface of the cylindrical rollers of part 8, the smallest angular velocity 0 dz prevents damage to the root tuber bodies. However, here there is another change in the direction of the rotational movement of the cylindrical rollers of part 8, and therefore the bodies of root vegetables have additional movements in the transverse plane. At the same time, the impurities are captured by the rollers of part 8 and removed outside the device. The bodies of root vegetables fall on the very bottom driving brush 10 with long elastic rods. The plane 11 located above and on the side of it carries out similar oscillating movements, since it is also connected to the mechanism 14 of oscillating movements through the rod frame 13. After passing through the entire cleaning unit and the lower chopper brush 10, the root and tuber bodies and some impurities fall on the canvas of the finger cleaning slide 15 and roll onto the discharge conveyor 16. And the impurities are carried out of the device through the upper end of the cleaning slide 15.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, consisting of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a cleaning block installed at an angle, formed by drive cylindrical rollers with counter-rotating movements in pairs, inside which an activator is installed, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which differs in that the cleaning unit forms a cascade of three parts, formed by short cylindrical rollers, which are obliquely installed in the longitudinal-vertical ZO plane at the same angles, while in the ledges of the cascade between the first and second and between the second and third parts and under the lower at the output end of the third part, drive brushes with long elastic rods are installed, on top of which, with corresponding gaps, covering planes are installed that have wave-like shapes, the inner working surfaces of which contain cantilevered short elastic fingers fixed with a step, and the outer surfaces of the planes through a common rod frame are kinematically connected with the mechanism of their vibrational movements.