UA80788C2 - Device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots consists of a frame, a feed conveyer, a baffle brush, a cleaner as a cleaning unit, arranged as an inclined one, made by driving cylindrical rolls having counterrotational movement by pairs, above which an activator is arranged, as well as of a unloading conveyer. The rolls of the cleaning unit are arranged longitudinally, make a concave surface in the transversal plane and contain an activator which consists of three rolls, arranged at angles to longitudinal axles, of driving disks made by radial curvilinear rods fixed on the axles with gaps. The gaps between the rods of the disks reduce and rotary speeds on the contrary increase in the downward direction.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting 2 and cleaning root and tuber crops, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , clod crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods and 70 etc. see book: Petrov G.D. Potato harvesters. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p.

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and providing different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this concerns the use of the most effective 12 vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, when separation occurs during intensive shaking of the pile and providing it with complex movement on different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops is the device, the essence of which is found in (a.s. of the USSR Mo1759289, AO1033/08, published on August 7, 1992, bulletin Mo33 - prototype), which includes a frame, a cleaning unit in the form of a pair of rollers, which have a counter-rotating movement, above which an activator is installed on top, in the form of a cantilever shaft with elements fixed at the end, which rotate together with the shaft, as well as an unloading conveyor.

The prototype works in such a way that a pile of root crops is fed from above onto the cleaning surface of the block and begins to move down it. However, considering the fact that the bodies of root crops have a conical shape, their downward movement becomes difficult, since conical bodies are not capable of rolling. To ensure the guaranteed movement of the bodies with 29 root crops, the activator, when rotating, pushes the bodies of the root crops with its own elements, prompts them to roll, intensively mixes the pile and cleans the root crops and the cleaning surface itself from adhering soil.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is caused by the fact that the pile being cleaned does not have long-term contact with either the main cleaning surface or the cantilever cleaning elements that rotate around their own axes. It would be very ineffective to clean a pile of roots and tubers with this cleaner in general, because the bodies of the roots and tubers, which are mostly round in shape, would immediately quickly roll down, having no contact with the cleaning surfaces at all. In addition, the prototype does not have devices that would forcibly remove and divert soil impurities and plant residues. at

The invention sets the task of increasing the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that the device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers, which has a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, a cleaner in the form of an inclined cleaning unit, created by drive cylindrical rollers that have a counter-rotating movement in pairs, over which the installed activator, as well as the unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the rollers of the cleaning block, which are located longitudinally and form a concave C 70 surface in the transverse plane, contain an activator inside, which consists of three, installed at angles to the longitudinal axes of the rollers, drive discs, which are formed by radial curved bars fixed on axes with gaps, with the gaps between the bars of the disks decreasing, and the angular speeds of rotation, on the contrary, increasing in the downward direction.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits is schematically shown in Fig. 1 (general side view). Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1. In Fig. 3 is given from B in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows view B in Fig. 1. The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables consists of a frame 1, a feeding av | conveyor 2, above the output end of which a reflective brush C with rods of elastic material is installed.

Behind the feed conveyor 2, there is an inclined cleaning unit, which consists of drive and cylindrical rollers 4, which have a counter-rotating motion in pairs, are installed on the frame 1 longitudinally and form a concave surface by 20. Above the cylindrical drive rollers 4, in their middle, there is an activator, which consists of three drive discs installed at angles o, r, and y to the longitudinal axes of the rollers 4, respectively: upper 5, middle b, and lower 7. Between the indicated angles of inclination disks 5, 6 and 7 have the following ratio: d»r»u. At the same time, discs 5, 6 and 7 are formed by radial curved rods fixed on the drive axles with the corresponding clearances: disc 5 - A/, which is the largest; disk 6 - A" and disk 7 - Ad, which is the smallest gap. That is, between the sizes of the specified gaps there is such a (F; ratio: Di» Lo? Az. Discs 5, 6 and 7 rotate in the same direction with the corresponding angular velocities ka - 04, Fo and Fz, At the same time o4hohoz. Under the lower end of the cleaning block, i.e., from below the drive cylindrical rollers 4, a horizontal unloading conveyor 8 is installed. The directions of the flow of the pile of root vegetables and the rotation of the working organs of the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers that is cleaned is fed by means of a feed conveyor 2. The deflecting brush C is installed on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods partially grind and direct this pile to the upper part of the cleaning unit, that is, to the surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4, which in pairs have counter-rotating motion and form a concave surface. When a pile of root vegetables moves inside the concave surface, the driven cylindrical rollers 4 capture soil impurities and plant remains and carry them to the reverse side of the rollers 4, i.e. outside the device. The longitudinal arrangement of the drive cylindrical rollers 4 ensures that the pile of root vegetables is guaranteed to move (slide) along the entire surface of the cleaning block in the downward direction. Then, under the influence of its own weight, the root tuber pile moves and reaches the activator, that is, the upper disc 5 formed by radial curved rods. Disk 5 is installed at an angle o, which is the largest, as a result of which the pile is captured by its curved radial rods and when it rotates, with an angular velocity si, it is effectively crushed, stretched and dispersed into separate components.

Since the upper drive disc 5 is set at an angle сo to the direction of flow of the pile of 70 root crops, the pile actually falls into a narrow channel formed by the lower surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4 and the curved rods of the disc 5. The different planes of rotation of the rollers 4 and the disc 5 contribute to , that a complex movement is created in a pile of root crops, which more effectively grinds the pile and divides it into separate small components. Since the pile, which is still very dense and connected, is fed from above by the feeding conveyor 2, thanks to the largest LA gap, between the curved radial 75 bars of the disk 5, it is effectively crushed into separate parts without accumulation and accumulation. In fact, the radial curved rods of the disk 5 comb portions of the pile from above and direct them into the concave surface created by the rollers 4. Thus, parts of the crushed pile pass through the gaps between the creating surface, formed by the ends of the curved radial rods of the disk 5 downwards and fall into the area of action of the second disk 6 A significant part of the chopped pile passes directly through the curved rods of the disc 5. The disc 6 already has a smaller angle when installed to the longitudinal axes of the rollers 4, and therefore between the plane formed by its curved radial rods and the surface of an already smaller size, the next stage of further crushing of the root tuber pile takes place individual already smaller parts and its further distribution into individual components. The smaller sizes of the gaps Lo and the higher angular speed oo will contribute to the effective crushing of the pile, which has already been initially crushed by the upper disk 5. And all the crushed parts of the pile of root vegetables, which are at the bottom, pass downward through the gap between the drive o cylindrical rollers 4, which rotate counter-rotatingly. | so on, in a similar way, the heap is crushed, as well as the additional cleaning of the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops from adhering soil on the lowest disk 7. Since the disk 7 has the smallest angle Г between the surface formed by its curved radial rods and the longitudinal axes of the rollers 4, then actually on the disk 7, finally (2.0) destruction of the pile and cleaning of the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops from adhering soil occurs. The smallest gap so

Az between its curved radial bars, as well as the greatest angular speed of rotation o", will ensure complete cleaning of root and tuber crops from impurities. Freed from soil and plant matter. impurities, as well as from the adhering soil of the bodies of root and tuber crops, finally leave the cleaning block, that is, on the drive cylindrical rollers 4, roll onto the horizontally located unloading conveyor 8,

From which transports them outside the device. The angular speeds of rotation of the drive cylindrical rollers 4, as well as the drive rod disks 5 and b and 7, respectively 34, y and 43 should take into account the amount of root tuber pile that gets cleaned, as well as the degree of its contamination with soil and plant impurities. When the root tuber bodies come into contact with the various rotating parts of the cleaner, their damage should not occur.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities by 20...25,905. ;" p

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Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is that , , and a device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a cleaner in the form of an inclined cleaning block formed by drive cylindrical rollers that have a counter-rotating movement in pairs, above which an activator is installed, as well as an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that the rollers of the cleaning unit are arranged longitudinally, form a concave surface in the transverse plane and contain an activator above it, which consists of three drive discs installed at angles to the longitudinal axes of the rollers, which are formed ( o) radial curved bars fixed on axes with gaps, while the gaps between the bars of the discs decrease, and the angular speeds of rotation, on the contrary, increase in the downward direction. official bulletin "Industrial property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2007, M 17, 25.10.2007. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine chn "c) d) - with . and? (ee) («c) -I o 50 IR e) F) ime) 60 b5