UA82152C2 - Device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots consists of a frame, a feed conveyer, a baffle brush, a cleaner, arranged in series, and of an unloading conveyer. The cleaner is made as a cleaning unit mounted as inclined one, the rollers of which are arranged longitudinally, make a concave surface and contain inside an activator as a driven shaft. The drive shaft is arranged in the longitudinal and vertical plane at acute angle to longitudinal axles of the rollers. Flat elastic disks, which diameters increase in the downward direction, the generatrixes make annular gaps with the rollers of constant size which reduce downwards, are arranged on the drive shaft in perpendicular to axis thereof with a pitch distance.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting 2 and cleaning root and tuber crops, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , clod crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods and 70 etc. see book: Petrov G.D. Potato harvesters. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 si.

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and providing different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this refers to the use of the most effective 12 vibrational principles for cleaning roots and tubers from impurities, when the separation occurs during intensive shaking of the pile and giving it a complex movement on different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The device closest to the device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers is a device whose essence is found in (a.s. of the USSR Mo1759289, A 01 O 33/08, published on August 7, 1992, bulletin Mo33 - prototype), which includes a frame, a cleaning unit in in the form of pairs of rollers that have counter-rotating motion, above which the activator is installed from above, in the form of a shaft with elements fixed at the end that rotate together with the shaft, as well as an unloading conveyor.

The prototype works in such a way that a pile of root crops is fed from above onto the cleaning surface of the block and begins to move down it. However, considering the fact that the bodies of root crops have a conical shape, their downward movement is complicated, since conical bodies are not capable of rolling. To ensure the guaranteed movement of the bodies of root crops, the activator, when rotating, pushes the bodies of root crops with its own elements, prompts them to roll, intensively mixes the pile and cleans the root crops and the cleaning surface itself from adhering soil.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile being cleaned does not have long-term contact with either the main cleaning surface or the cantilever cleaning elements that rotate around their own axes. Cleaning a pile of roots and tubers with this cleaner would be very ineffective in general, since the bodies of the roots and tubers, which are mostly round in shape, would immediately quickly roll down, having no contact with the cleaning surfaces at all. In addition, there are no devices in the prototype that would forcibly select and remove soil impurities and plant residues. 325 The invention aims to increase the efficiency of cleaning root vegetables from impurities. with

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which has a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, a cleaner in the form of an inclined cleaning unit, created by drive cylindrical rollers having a pairwise "counter-rotating movement, above which is installed the activator, as well as the unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the rollers of the cleaning block, which are located longitudinally and form a concave surface, contain an activator inside in the form of a drive shaft located in the longitudinal-vertical plane at an acute angle to the longitudinal axes of the rollers, on which, perpendicular to its axis, flat elastic disks are fixed with a step, the diameters of which increase downwards, and the generating surfaces form circular gaps with rollers of a constant size, which decrease downwards.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in Fig. 1 (general side view). Fig. 2 shows a cross-section A-A in Fig. 1. z The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the output end of which a chop brush C with rods of elastic material is installed. - Behind the feeding conveyor 2, there is an inclined cleaning unit, which consists of drive (the drive is not shown in Fig. 20) cylindrical rollers 4, which have counter-rotating motion in pairs, are installed on the frame 1 longitudinally and form a concave surface. Above the cylindrical drive rollers 4 inside them

I" of the concave surface, the activator is located longitudinally, which is made in the form of a drive shaft (the drive is not shown) 5, located in the longitudinal-vertical plane at an acute angle a, i.e. at an angle to the longitudinal axes of the rollers 4. On the drive shaft 5 with a step are fixed, perpendicular to its axis, five flat elastic 22 disks 6, the diameters of which increase in the downward direction, and the generating surfaces of all five flat elastic disks b form circular gaps with rollers 4 of constant size inside the concave surface (that is, the generating surfaces of all flat elastic disks disks 6 with a concave surface create gaps of constant sizes). However, in general, the annular gaps between the rods 6 and the rollers 4 are reduced, so that the most delicate elastic disc 6 has the smallest annular gap with the concave surface of the rollers 4. A horizontal unloading conveyor 7 is installed under the lower end of the cleaning unit, i.e. below the 60 drive cylindrical rollers 4. The directions of movement of the root and tuber pile flows and the rotation of the working organs of the device for transporting and cleaning the root and tuber crops are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. The pile of roots and tubers being cleaned is fed with the help of the feeding conveyor 2. The deflecting brush C is mounted on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods partially grind and direct this pile to the upper part of the cleaning unit, that is, to the surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4, which in pairs have counter-rotating motion and form a concave surface. When a pile of root vegetables moves inside the concave surface, the driven cylindrical rollers 4 capture soil impurities and plant remains and carry them to the reverse side of the rollers 4, i.e. outside the device. The longitudinal arrangement of the drive cylindrical rollers 4 ensures that the pile of root vegetables is guaranteed to move (slide) along the entire surface of the cleaning block in the downward direction. Next, under the influence of its own weight, the pile of root vegetables moves and reaches the activator, that is, the first elastic disk b, which has the smallest diameter. This enables the first elastic die 6 to invade the flow of the root tuber pile and, thanks to the rotation on the shaft 5, to destroy it from the top, grind it and separate it into separate components. At the same time, the uppermost elastic disc 6 has the smallest diameter, and therefore its stiffness is the greatest. This will contribute to the effective destruction of the pile of root crops, which in this part of the cleaning block is still quite dense and connected. Next, the already partially crushed parts of the heap move down under the action of their own weight, passing through the annular gap of constant size between the upper disc b and the concave surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4, which here /5 is the largest, and fall into the zone of action of the second elastic disc 6. The second elastic disk b already has a larger diameter, and therefore it gives the parts of the pile of root vegetables greater kinematic characteristics, which leads to an even greater destruction of parts of the pile and its further distribution into separate components. The second elastic disc b has a smaller annular gap between its own forming surface and the concave surface created by the cylindrical rollers 4, and therefore the crushed parts of the root tuber pile of smaller size pass through this annular gap to the bottom. At the same time, soil impurities and plant remains on the surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4 are very effectively captured and carried in the opposite direction outside the boundaries of the cleaning unit. | so on, until the root vegetables are at the very bottom of the cleaning block. The lowermost elastic disc b has the smallest annular gap between its own creating surface and the concave surface formed by the driving cylindrical rollers 4, and therefore the lowermost disc Щ8 should actually pass through its own gap of a constant size only the bodies of root vegetables. The angle a should have such a value that the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops are very effectively cleaned from adhering soil. So, in the case of a significant amount of soil stuck to the surface of the bodies of root crops, the angle a must be reduced. The surfaces of the elastic discs 6 may deform when interacting with a pile of root vegetables. When interacting with the bodies of root and tuber crops, an impact contact may occur, which will contribute to the very effective removal of sticky soil from the surfaces of the root and tuber crops bodies. Freed from soil and plant impurities, as well as from adhering soil, the bodies of the root and tuber crops finally leave the cleaning unit, i.e., the drive cylindrical rollers 4, "- roll onto the horizontally located unloading conveyor 7, which transports them outside the device. The angular speeds of rotation of the drive cylindrical rollers 4, as well as the drive shaft 5, must take into account the amount of root tuber pile that gets cleaned, as well as the degree of its contamination with soil and plant impurities. The material from which the elastic discs 6 are made should ensure their appropriate rigidity, but at the same time not cause damage to the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops.

The end surfaces of the elastic disks 6 should have rounding.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities by 10...15905. - in the village

Claims (1)

» The formula of the invention A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which consists of sequentially installed frames, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a cleaner, as well as an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that the cleaner is made in the form of an inclined cleaning unit, the rollers of which are located longitudinally and form a concave surface, they contain an activator inside in the form of a drive shaft, located in the longitudinal-vertical plane at an acute angle to the longitudinal axes of the rollers, on which flat elastic discs are fixed in steps of 5o, perpendicular to its axis, the diameters of which increase by 1 in the downward direction, the forming surfaces form circular gaps with rollers of constant size, which decrease from downwards. F) ko 60 b5