UA119211C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the transportation and cleaning of root crops that can be used in potato harvesters. Device for transportation and purification of root tubers consists of a frame, feed conveyor, reflector brush, hollow cleaner, connected to the drive in rotational motion and formed by established with gaps circular rods, which has the form of a flattened ellipsoid rotation, inside , as well as a scrubber and unloading conveyor. The lower part of the spreader is made in the form of directed downward continuous convex surface on which short elastic fingers are cantilevered with the corresponding step, the latter being directly connected to the drive shaft, which provides it with rotational motions in the direction opposite to the direction of the rotational direction kinematically coupled to the actuator in periodic oscillatory motions in the longitudinal axis. At the same time, from above on the surface of the lower part of the diffuser is a continuous deepening of the annular shape of a certain depth, inside which, from the upper part of the diffuser, are directed compression springs, which are cantileverly fixed at one end to a freely mounted rotary disk. The use of this device for the transportation and cleaning of root crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

connected to the drive in periodic oscillating movements in the direction of the longitudinal axis. At the same time, on top of the surface of the lower part of the distributor, there is a solid ring-shaped depression of a certain depth, inside of which, from the upper part of the distributor, compression springs are directed, which are cantilever fixed at one end on a freely installed rotary disk.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

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Fig. (general side view)

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , lump crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov

G.D. Potato harvester. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenieye, 1972. - 10400 p).

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and giving the bodies of root and tubers different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this concerns the absence in the known structures of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, when the separation of the pile occurs during its intensive shaking and the involvement of parts of the pile in a complex movement.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is a well-known device, the main essence of which is found in the patent of Ukraine Mo 110856, A 01 0 33/08, published on February 25, 2016, Mo 4 bulletin - a prototype that includes a frame, a feeding conveyor , a chopper brush, a hollow cleaner, which is connected to the drive in a rotational movement and is formed by round rods installed with gaps, having the form of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, inside of which a drive conical heap spreader is installed on top, on the lower continuous conical surface of which there are four drive cylindrical brushes with long elastic rods, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works mainly according to the principle of the above-mentioned devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, when a pile of root vegetables gradually moves inside the hollow cleaner from one working body to another with a partial change in the direction of movement, as well as some kinematic modes. At the same time, the pile of root vegetables is crushed and gradually separated into separate components. bodies

Root and tuber crops, soil impurities and plant residues are removed in different directions due to their different physical and mechanical properties. Driven cylindrical brushes with long elastic rods located below the heap spreader help clean the side surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops from adhering soil.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root tuber cleaning from impurities and sticky soil, which is due to the fact that the pile of root tuber that is being cleaned passes from one cleaning working body to another in a large mass without actually being dispersed and effectively separated. It is not always possible to disperse and then separate a large pile of root vegetables (especially one that contains wet soil, many plant remains, rhizomes, stones, etc.) fed into the hollow cleaner due to the limited cleaning time. The efficiency of the drive cylindrical brushes located below the heap spreader is also low due to the lack of relative oscillating movements in different directions, and the absence, in the structure of the closest analogue, of separate devices that would slow down the relatively fast continuous movement of the heap.

The invention sets the goal of improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The problem posed by the invention is solved by the fact that the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a hollow cleaner connected to the drive in a rotary motion and formed by round bars installed with gaps, having the shape of a flattened ellipsoid rotation, inside of which a driving conical pile distributor, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, is installed on top, according to the invention, the lower part of the distributor is made in the form of a continuous convex surface directed downwards, on which short elastic fingers are cantilever fixed with a corresponding step, while this part of the concentrator is directly connected to the drive shaft, which provides it with rotational movements in the direction opposite to the direction of rotational movement of the upper part of the concentrator and is kinematically connected to the drive in periodic oscillating movements in the direction of the longitudinal axis, while from above on the surface of the lower cha the wall of the diffuser is a solid ring-shaped depression of a certain depth, inside of which, from the upper part of the diffuser, compression springs are directed, which cantilever-fixed at one end on a freely 60 installed rotary disc.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically depicted in the drawing - a general side view.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, a chop brush 3, a hollow cleaner 4, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation. The creative surface of the hollow cleaner 4 is formed by round bars 5 fixed with gaps, and it itself is mounted on the rotating frame 1 and is kinematically connected to the drive b in rotational motion. A pile spreader 7 is installed inside the hollow cleaner 4, which is installed at the end of the cantilever drive shaft 8, located on top of the hollow cleaner 4, which has a drive 9 in rotational motion.

The cantilever drive shaft 9 is made of a hollow body and a drive (drive not shown) additional shaft 10 is installed in its middle. At the same time, the additional shaft 10 contains on its lower cantilever end the fixed lower part of the distributor 7, which is made in the form of a continuous convex surface 11 directed downwards. Thus thus, the spreader 7, in addition to its upper continuous part, has a separate lower part in the form of a continuous convex surface 11 and, in fact, the lower separate part of the pile spreader 7 is directly connected to the drive shaft 10, which provides it with rotational movements in the direction opposite to the direction rotational movement of the upper part of the pile spreader 7, which is provided thanks to the shaft 8 and its drive 9. In the upper part, the drive shaft 10 contains a sleeve 12 installed between two stops, which is connected to the drive 14 in periodic oscillating movements with the help of a kinematic link 13 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft itself 10 (that is, in the longitudinal vertical plane) . Short elastic fingers 15 are cantilevered on the continuous convex surface 11 with a corresponding pitch. Inside the distributor 7 (i.e. in its upper part), with the possibility of free rotation relative to the body, a rotating disc 16 is installed, on which compression springs 17 are cantilevered, in the downward direction. , which are directed and lowered into a solid ring-shaped recess 18 of a certain depth, which is located in the upper part of the most convex surface 11. Under the lower outlet of the hollow cleaner 4, there is an obliquely installed finger cleaning slide 19, under which the discharge conveyor 20 is horizontally located. On top of the hollow cleaner 4, opposite the feed conveyor 2, guide screens 21 are installed. Directions

From the flow of parts of a pile of root vegetables, as well as rotational and oscillating movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows.

A pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned is fed by means of a feeding conveyor 2 into a hollow cleaner 4, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation. At the same time, the deflecting brush 3 is mounted on the frame 1 in such a way that it reflects this flow of a pile of root vegetables inside the hollow cleaner 4, that is, a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, partially crushing it and dividing it into separate components. In order to prevent the loss of a pile of roots and tubers when loading them into the upper loading neck of the hollow cleaner 4, shaped guide screens 21 are installed, which directly direct this flow of parts of the pile of roots and tubers down. Due to the fact that the hollow cleaner 4 has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, and also due to its forced rotational movement, thanks to the drive 6, with a certain angular velocity, a sequential movement of the parts of the root tuber pile is achieved first from above along the major axis of the flattened ellipsoid of rotation of the hollow cleaner 4, i.e. directly along the round bars 5, to its periphery, under the action of inertial forces, then in the reverse direction from the bottom of the inner cavity of the flattened ellipsoid of the cleaner 4 to its lower outlet.

Thanks to this, not only is the path of movement of the parts of the pile of root vegetables significantly lengthened along the cleaning surface inside the hollow cleaner 4, which ensures the continuous effective removal of soil impurities and plant residues through the gaps between the round bars 5 outside the device, but also contributes to the effective cleaning of the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from sticky soil. But first, parts of the pile of root vegetables, passing through the upper loading neck, fall onto the surface of the pile disperser 7. Having first reached the upper part of the pile disperser 7, which is actually installed at the end of the cantilever drive shaft 8, located on top of the hollow cleaner 4, which has a drive 9 in a rotational movement with with a certain angular velocity, parts of the pile are also involved in rotational motion. Therefore, the upper cone of the pile disperser 7, when rotating, evenly disperses parts of the pile and the impurities are effectively sifted through the gaps between the rods 5. Then the parts of the root tuber pile go into the lower part of the hollow cleaner 4, that is, into the lower part of the flattened ellipsoid of rotation. Here, moving under the action of their own weight, they fall into the zone of action of the convex surface 11. Due to the fact that the upper part of the drive shaft 10 contains a sleeve 12 installed between two stops, which is connected with the drive 14 by means of a kinematic link 13 periodic oscillating movements in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft itself 10, then the convex surface 11 also performs forced oscillating movements in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Due to this, the elastic fingers 15, which are cantilever fixed on the continuous surface 11 with the appropriate step, press the bodies of root and tuber fruits and impurities to the round rods 5, as a result of which the process of separation of impurities is significantly activated.

If we take into account the fact that the elastic fingers 15 also perform rotational movements, then the combination of oscillatory and rotational movements contributes to the fact that the bodies of root vegetables are forcibly captured and, under variable vertical load (due to forced oscillations), are stretched along the circular fingers 5 with the appropriate force. This provides them rotation around its own axes and effective cleaning of side surfaces from adhering soil. At the same time, due to the fact that inside the distributor 7, a rotating disc 16 is installed with the possibility of free rotation relative to the body, on which the compression springs 17 are cantilevered, in the downward direction, which are directed and lowered into the continuous recess 18 of a certain depth, which is located in the upper part of the convex surface 11, then the oscillatory movements of this convex surface 11 will be more softened. In addition, after the cantilevered ends of the compression springs 17 rest against the lower surface of the recess 18 during oscillations, part of the oscillating movements can be transmitted to the upper part of the heap spreader 7. This, in turn, will contribute to the fact that immediately when the heap parts fall on the conical the surface of the heap disperser 7, it will be additionally shaken, and therefore additionally crushed and dispersed into separate components. Due to the fact that the rotating disk 16 is installed with the possibility of free rotation relative to the housing of the diffuser 7, when performing forced oscillating movements and simultaneous rotational movements, the possibility of mutual influence of these movements is excluded. After passing through the zone of action of the short elastic fingers 15, which are contained on the convex surface 11 of the root and tuber bodies and some small impurities that have not yet had time to separate and pass through the gaps between the round bars 5, they finally enter the lower part of the hollow cleaner 4 and through its lower discharge neck fall onto the canvas of the inclined finger cleaning slide 19. Due to the fact that the bodies of root vegetables are round and like solid bodies, they roll down the cloth of the finger cleaning slide 19, impurities, on the contrary, are not capable of rolling, and therefore are captured by the fingers of the cleaning slide 19 and are carried out through its upper end outside the device.

Next, the root crops fall on the unloading conveyor 20 and are loaded into a hopper or into a vehicle. Due to the fact that the directions of the rotational movements of the hollow cleaner 4, the pile disperser 7 and the convex surface 11 are opposite, the quality of root and tuber cleaning is significantly improved.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a deflecting brush, a hollow cleaner connected to the drive in a rotational movement and formed by round bars installed with gaps, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, inside of which a drive cone is installed on top a heap disperser, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which is characterized by the fact that the lower part of the disperser is made in the form of a continuous convex surface directed downwards, on which short elastic fingers are cantilevered with a corresponding pitch, while this part of the disperser is directly connected to the drive shaft, which provides it with rotational movements in the direction opposite to the direction of rotational movement of the upper part of the distributor and is kinematically connected to the drive in periodic oscillating movements in the direction of the longitudinal axis, while on top of the surface of the lower part of the distributor there is a continuous recess i ring-shaped of a certain depth, inside of which, from the upper part of the distributor, compression springs are directed, which are cantilever fixed at one end on a freely installed rotating disk.