UA117422C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for transportation and cleaning of root crops belongs to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of potato harvesters. The specified device differs from the already known in that under the lower outlet of the grate cleaner is mounted activator in the form of a narrow ring, which is mounted on the frame rotary and kinematically connected to the drive in rotational motion, the inner surface of which is mounted at an angle and fixed to the corresponding ring step elastic pushers, to the lower outlet of the narrow ring is added an additional lattice cleaner, which is also made in the form of a cut hollow cone, the surface of which is formed the shaft is mounted with gaps longitudinal circular rods, which is also kinematically linked to the actuator in rotational motion, with the directions of rotational motions of both the hollow cones and the narrow ring opposite. The device for transportation and cleaning of root crops provides increased efficiency of cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, a sequentially placed main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides , lump crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov

G.D. Potato harvesters. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p).

Disadvantages in the work of these devices are that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and providing different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. This primarily concerns the use of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, when the separation occurs during intensive shaking of the pile and providing it with complex movement on the cleaning surfaces.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is a well-known device, the main essence of which is disclosed in (patent of Ukraine Mo 83160, A 01 O 33/00, publ. 10.06.2008, bull. Mo 11 the closest analogue), which includes a separating a working body created by an obliquely installed driving hollow cone, which is formed by cross bars fixed with gaps, the apex of which is directed downwards, inside which an activator is installed in the form of a cantilever drive shaft with fixed blades containing brushes at the ends. This working body also contains a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, an inclined finger cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of root vegetables is fed from above inside the separating working body, i.e. a hollow cone, with the help of a feeding conveyor and a chipping brush, and immediately falls into the area of action of the activator. Two axes (blades) of the activator, with brushes attached to their ends, disperse the pile of roots and tubers, dividing it into separate components. Small soil and vegetable impurities

The rest is sifted through the gaps between the transverse bars of the hollow cone. In the future, after the root tuber bodies leave the hollow cone, they are finally cleaned of small soil impurities and plant residues, sticky soil with the help of a finger cleaning hill and are taken away by an unloading conveyor outside the cleaner.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is caused by the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is cleaned, in fact, during a single contact with the axles and brushes of the activator, is not able to be significantly crushed and effectively divided into separate components. This leads to the fact that a significant part of the pile of root vegetables remains in heaps and is not separated into separate components inside the hollow cone, quickly sinks to the bottom inside the cone, sometimes with a large mass, as a result of which the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities actually remains very low.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a grating cleaner, which is made in the form of a driven, obliquely installed, truncated hollow cone, the surface of which is formed by round bars in the form of concentric wheels, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, according to the invention, an activator in the form of a narrow ring is installed under the lower outlet of the grating cleaner, which is mounted on a rotary frame and is kinematically connected to the drive in a rotational movement, the inner surface of which has angled and elastic pushers fixed with the appropriate ring pitch, an additional grating cleaner is connected to the lower outlet of the narrow ring, which is also made in the form of a truncated hollow cone, the creative surface of which is formed by longitudinal round rods installed with gaps, which is also kinematically connected connected to the drive in a rotational movement, while the directions of the rotational movements of both hollow cones and the narrow ring are opposite.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in fig. 1 (general side view). In Fig. 2 shows a section AA in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the output end of which a chopper brush C with long elastic rods is installed, a lattice cleaner, which is made in the form of an obliquely installed truncated hollow cone 4, the top of which is directed downwards, and the working surface formed by round rods 5 in the form of concentric circles installed with gaps, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cone 4. The cut hollow cone 4 of the grate cleaner is rotatably mounted on the frame 1 and connected to the mechanism 6 of its rotational movements.

An activator in the form of a narrow ring 7 is installed with a gap Lv under the lower outlet of the grate cleaner 4, the inner surface of which has elastic pushers 8 installed at an angle and fixed with the corresponding ring pitch. The height of the elastic pushers 8 is - a. The narrow ring 7 is installed on the frame 1 in a rotary motion and is kinematically connected to the drive 9 in a rotational motion. An additional grate cleaner is connected to the lower outlet of the narrow ring 7 with a gap Dn, which is also made in the form of a truncated hollow cone 10, the surface of which is formed by longitudinal round bars 11 installed with gaps. The additional grate cleaner in the form of a truncated hollow cone 10 is kinematically connected connected to drive 12 in rotational motion. At the same time, the directions of the rotational movements of the hollow cones 4 and 10, as well as the narrow ring 7, are opposite. The inner diameters of the upper truncated hollow cone 4, the narrow ring 7 and the lower truncated hollow cone 10 are the same, so that together they form a single cavity inside. Under the lower outlet of the additional grating cleaner in the form of a truncated hollow cone 10, a finger cleaning slide 13 is located obliquely, and under its lower end there is an unloading conveyor 14. The side part of the lower outlet of the grating cleaner in the form of a truncated hollow cone 10 contains a protective screen 15 of an arc-shaped shape. The directions of the flow of roots and tubers, as well as the rotational movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows.

The pile of roots and tubers being cleaned is fed by means of the feeding conveyor 2 into the inside of the hollow cone 4 installed at an angle. At the same time, due to the fact that the chopper brush C is installed on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods partially

Then, a pile of roots and tubers is crushed, separated into separate components and directed into the grate cleaner in the form of a truncated hollow cone 4.

Due to the fact that the truncated hollow cone 4 is an inclined cleaning channel formed by the rods 5, parts of the root tuber pile begin to move in it across the rods 5 under the influence of their own weight. Since the hollow cone 4 is installed on the frame 1 at an angle, has the ability to rotate, because it is connected to the drive b, then its rods 5 carry out a rotational movement around the longitudinal axis of the cone 4, and thus the root vegetables will also be involved in a simultaneous straight-line downward movement across the rods 5 also in a rotational movement, which will contribute to their intense complex movement inside the hollow cone 4. This, in general, will ensure effective screening of soil impurities and plant residues through the gaps between the bars 5 outside the grating cleaner. Next, the crushed parts of the root tuber pile reach the lower outlet of the hollow cone 4 and pass into the zone of action of the narrow ring 7. Through the gap Av. the vast majority of small soil impurities and short plant residues immediately leave the boundaries of the device. Since the inner surface of the narrow ring 7 has elastic pushers 8 of height a, installed at an angle and fixed with a corresponding ring pitch, they capture only the bodies of root vegetables and, due to the fact that the narrow ring 7 is mounted on the frame 1 in a rotary manner and is kinematically connected to the drive 9 into a rotational motion, push them further, changing their overall rotational motion to the opposite. In fact, the parts of the pile of roots and tubers, passing through the narrow ring 7, are completely turned over, the strong piles of the pile are finally destroyed, and the pushers 8 capture and push only the bodies of the roots and tubers further. As a result of a significant movement disturbance when passing through the narrow active ring 7, even more small soil impurities and plant residues are released from the pile of root crops, which are very effectively immediately removed outside the device through the lower gap

Ac. After passing through the lower gap Dn, with which an additional grating cleaner is connected to the lower outlet of the narrow ring 7, which is also made in the form of a truncated hollow cone 10, the bodies of root and tuber fruits end up in its cavity and begin to interact already with its longitudinal round rods 11, which precisely form the surface of the hollow cone 10. Since the truncated hollow cone 10 is kinematically connected to the drive 12 in rotational motion, and its longitudinally arranged rods 11 are installed with gaps, soil impurities are finally removed from the pile of root crops through the specified gaps. At the same time, since the direction of rotational movement of the additional truncated hollow cone 10 is opposite to the direction of rotational movement of the narrow ring 7, the root tuber pile is once again excited, rotated and freed of impurities.

But the most important thing is that its longitudinally arranged rods 11 effectively clean the soil stuck to the side surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops. In addition, due to the fact that the inner diameters of the upper truncated hollow cone 4, the narrow ring 7 and the lower truncated hollow cone 10 in the places of transitions are the same, a single cavity is actually formed inside the device, in which the kinematic modes of rotational movements change, different working bodies are used interaction with the bodies of root crops, as well as the corresponding efforts to clean the pile from any impurities. After that, the root tuber bodies through the lower exit hole of the truncated hollow cone 10 fall down onto the web of the finger cleaning slide 13, where they evenly fill the space between its fingers. Further, the completely cleaned bodies of root and tuber crops roll down and fall on the unloading conveyor 14, and the impurities that still remain and are not capable of rolling are carried out by the cloth of the cleaning slide 13 through its upper part outside the cleaner. The arc-shaped protective screen 15 prevents the loss of the bodies of root and tuber fruits when they are unloaded onto the finger cleaning hill 13. The angular speeds of rotation of the cut hollow cones 4 and 10 and the narrow ring 7 must take into account the amount of root and tuber pile that is submitted for cleaning, its contamination with soil and plant impurities, its connectivity (that is, the presence of rhizomes, stones, sticky soil), etc. Clearances between bars 5 and 11, as well as ring clearances

Av and An must take into account the minimum sizes of the root tuber bodies. The height a of the pushers 8 should also be chosen under the conditions of guaranteed capture of the bodies of root and tuber fruits and their direction into the truncated hollow cone 10, their stiffness should be such that the side surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber fruits are not damaged.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION Zo Device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, consisting of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a grating cleaner, which is made in the form of a driven, obliquely installed, truncated hollow cone, the surface of which is formed by round rods in the form of concentric circles, an activator, and a cleaning slide and unloading conveyor, which differs in that an activator in the form of a narrow ring is installed under the lower outlet of the grating cleaner, which is mounted on a rotating frame and is kinematically connected to the drive in a rotational movement, the inner surface of which has angled and fixed with the appropriate elastic pushers with an annular step, an additional grating cleaner is connected to the lower outlet of the narrow ring, which is also made in the form of a truncated hollow cone, the surface of which is formed by longitudinal round rods installed with gaps, which is also kinematically connected to the drive in o reciprocating movement, while the directions of rotational movements of both hollow cones and the narrow ring are opposite. ! in! i I shi k i i | and she kh zh her BC ii A KK ia sha still I and E rya | A K i un, 2 zh ozh r y o I OK on AK no h Ot dktnya M Me Z 7 ih z zhk z pcs s sia schu zh y De ozh s chi k- B ke MA shk shk tsia Z r k7 KU x ran i y z i i i I she Them you Anya HM not, for B si NI A A z koe m shi iy ko : yah v Y va nttntya e 7 M M S vy - y : ne mo tsa A ni a 14 и их ее а и Же пот дднмя Канын реж нн н н н В У К К К Х Veny nn nn nin nnny (general view from the side) Fig. 1 M more tk: x - Fig. 2