UA81987C2 - Device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots consists of arranged in series a frame, a feed conveyer, a cleaner, an unloading conveyer. The cleaner is made as a hollow cone above which a rotary heap distributor is arranged. The hollow cone is arranged vertically and is connected to a rotary actuator, generatrix thereof is formed by longitudinal rods arranged with gaps to each other. The distributor is made as four cantilever-type support brackets disposed inside of the upper part of the cone, at the ends of which two round driving rotary planes as bar grates are arranged. The latters are connected to the rotary actuator below which a root and tuber guide shaped as a cone is immovably mounted.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and 2 cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , clod crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods and 70 etc. see book: Petrov G.D. Potato harvesters. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p.

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and providing different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this concerns the use of the most effective 12 vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, when separation occurs during intensive shaking of the pile and providing it with complex movement on various cleaning surfaces.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is a well-known device, the main essence of which is found in (a.s. USSR Mo1752240, AO1017/04, A 010 27/04), published on August 7, 1992, bulletin Mo29 - prototype), which includes a separating working body, the shape of which is close to the shape of an empty cone, which consists of different types of cleaners installed inside and outside: a transverse bar conveyor, above which are installed blocks of cleaning brushes with elastic blades, sloping, guiding, rotating surfaces, as well as unloading conveyor.

The prototype works mainly according to the principle of the above-mentioned devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, when a pile of root vegetables (root vegetables) gradually moves from one type of cleaning working body to another with a partial change in the direction of movement, as well as some kinematic modes. Gee)

The disadvantages of the prototype are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is being cleaned passes from one cleaning working body to another in large mass without actually being dispersed and effectively separated. The most important physical feature, such as the specific gravity of the various components of the separating pile, is actually not used anywhere in this device. uh-

It is not always possible to disperse and then separate a large mass of pile (sometimes wet) that is fed to the Fu cleaning device due to the limited cleaning time.

The invention sets the task of improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities. (22)

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that the device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers, which contains a main frame, a feeding conveyor, a cleaner in the form of an empty cone,

From the top of which a rotary pile distributor is installed, as well as an unloading conveyor, according to the 99th invention, an empty cone is installed vertically and is connected to the drive in a rotational movement, its structure is created by longitudinal bars located with gaps to each other, and the distributor is made in the form of four cantilever brackets installed inside the upper part of the cone, at the ends of which there are two circular drive rotary planes in the form of bar gratings, which are connected to the drive in a 70-degree rotational movement, below which a cone-shaped root tuber guide is immovably installed, o, c Device for transportation and root tuber cleaning is schematically depicted in Fig. 1 - a general side view.

Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, a chipping brush 3, a cleaner made in the form of a vertically installed hollow cone 4, the top of which is directed downwards, and the surface is formed by longitudinal round bars located with gaps to each other 5. The empty cone 4 is kinematically connected to the drive 6 in a rotational movement in the direction shown by the arrow. Inside the upper part of the hollow cone 4, a pile distributor is installed in the form of four cantilever brackets 7, at the ends of which, on the axes, there are two 20 round drive plates 8 (the drive is not shown), which are made in the form of bar lattices. The bars of the grids of the plates 8 can have a rubber coating. Cantilever brackets 7 can be installed at different heights, which is determined by the diameters of the plates 8 (that is, to be located inside the cone 4 at the maximum depth that allows the plates 8 to rotate inside the cone 4 without touching its inner surface). The drive plates 8 have a synchronous rotational movement in in one direction directed inside the cone 4 (if 22 is viewed from the feeding conveyor 2). Below the plates 8, inside the hollow cone 4, a cone-shaped root tube guide 9 is fixedly located. The position of the fixed root tube guide 9 relative to the height of the hollow cone 4 can also be adjusted using of the device (not shown). A finger cleaning slide 10 is placed obliquely under the lower outlet of the empty cone 4, and a horizontal unloading conveyor 11 is located under its lower end. The directions of 60 rotational movements of the working organs of the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables are shown arrows

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned, is fed by means of a feeding conveyor 2 into an empty cone 4, which is installed vertically and the top of which is directed downwards. At the same time, the reflective brush 3 is mounted on the frame 1 in such a way that it reflects this flow of a pile of root vegetables onto the surface formed by two round drive plates 8. The brackets 7, on which the plates 8 are installed, are located at a certain depth inside the hollow cone 4, and therefore the pile of root vegetables falls on the latticed surfaces of the plates 8 and breaks against them into separate small parts. The plates 8 rotate synchronously, and therefore the blows of the roots on them will not be very hard, but in any case, the location of the plates 8 relative to the direction of movement of the pile, they significantly disperse it into separate components, capture and direct it to the inner surface of the empty cone 4, which rotates thanks to the drive 6. Moving inside the empty cone 4, the root crops are guaranteed to contact its inner surface under the action of the inner forces, and therefore the soil impurities are sifted through the longitudinal round bars 5, which 7/0 are located with certain gaps to each other. The drive 6 provides the angular speed of rotation of the empty cone 4, and therefore, under the action of centrifugal forces, small soil impurities will be very effectively sifted through the gaps between the longitudinal bars 5. In addition, for some time, there is a relative movement of parts of the heap along the lattice surfaces of the plates themselves, which will also contribute to its grinding and separation of small soil impurities to the bottom. Installed stationary, below the plates 8, inside the cone 4, the root tuber guide 7/5 From the conical shape receives the main part of the root tuber pile falling from the plates 8 and also directs it again to the inner surface of the empty cone 4. Since the root tuber guide 9 is also created from round rods, then, moving down the conical surface of the root tuber body, they are intensively cleaned of adhering soil. The gap, which is between the lower part of the fixed tuber guide 9 and the inner surface of the hollow cone 4, allows only the bodies of the tuber to pass through it. And therefore, in this part of the device, there is an intensive separation of soil impurities between the longitudinal bars 5 of the hollow cone 4. Here, there is even more rotation of the root tuber bodies around their own axes and cleaning of stuck soil from them. Having finally reached the lower output end, the roots and tubers and the part of the pile that is not diverted through the gaps between the bars 5 fall onto the web of the finger cleaning slide 10. Due to the fact that the bodies of the roots and tubers in the vast majority have a round oval shape and as solid bodies, they roll down the the web of the finger cleaning slide 10, and soil impurities and plant residues are captured by the fingers of the slide 10 and carried out through its upper end beyond the cleaning limits. Completely (8) root vegetables cleaned of impurities enter the unloading conveyor 11 and are loaded into a hopper or into a vehicle. The angular speed of the synchronous rotation of the plates 8 should be such that the bunch of roots and tubers, which is very connected (i.e. contains many rhizomes), is effectively torn apart. The gap between the lower part of the fixed tuber guide 9 and the inner surface of the hollow cone 4 should take into account the average size of the tuber. co

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities by 15...20,905. "--

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Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is a device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, consisting of a sequentially arranged frame, a feeding conveyor, a cleaner, an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that "70 ОчЧЩСНИК is made in the form of a hollow cone, on top of which a rotary pile distributor is installed, З7З is also hollow the cone is installed vertically and is connected to the drive in a rotational movement, its generator c is created by longitudinal rods located with gaps to each other, and the distributor is made in the form of four cantilever brackets installed inside the upper part of the cone, at the ends of which there are two round driving rotary planes in the form of bar lattices, which are connected to the drive in a rotational movement, below which a cone-shaped tuber guide is immovably installed. so - (Se) so what F) ko 60 b5