UA82821C2 - Unit for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

A unit for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots consists of a frame, a feed conveyer, a baffle brush, a cleaner, and also of an unloading conveyer. The cleaner is made as a cleaning unit, arranged as an inclined one, made by driving cylindrical rollers, having pairly counter–rotational movement above which an activator is mounted. The rollers of the cleaning unit are arranged longitudinally and form a trough-shaped pass in the transversal plane. The activator is made as two pairs of brushes formed by elastic rods which in each pair are arranged with gaps as regards to each other, parallel console shafts of which are arranged in perpendicular to longitudinal axes of the rollers and connected to rotary actuators. The lower ends of the brushes of the upper pair have a larger gap with the cleaning surface of the rollers than the similar ends of the brushes of the lower pair.

Description

The invention belongs to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , lump crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (see the book: Petrov G.D. Potato harvesting machines!. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p.

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and providing different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this concerns the use of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, when the separation occurs during intensive shaking of the pile and providing it with complex movement on different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops is the device, the essence of which is found in (a.s. USSR Me1759289, A 01 O 33/08, published on August 7, 1992, bulletin Me33 -prototype|, which includes a frame, a cleaning block in the form pairs of rollers that have a counter-rotating movement, above which an activator is installed on top, in the form of a cantilever shaft with elements fixed at the end, which rotate together with the shaft, as well as an unloading conveyor.

The prototype works in such a way that a pile of root crops is fed from above onto the cleaning surface of the block and begins to move down it. However, considering the fact that the bodies of root crops have a conical shape, their downward movement becomes difficult, since conical bodies are not capable of rolling. To ensure the guaranteed movement of the root crops bodies, the activator, when rotating, pushes the root crops bodies with its own elements, encourages them to roll, intensively mixes the pile and cleans the root crops and the cleaning surface itself from adhering soil.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is caused by the fact that the pile being cleaned does not have long-term contact with either the main cleaning surface or the cantilever cleaning elements that rotate around their own axes. Cleaning a pile of roots and tubers with this cleaner would be very ineffective in general, since the bodies of the roots and tubers, which are mostly round in shape, would immediately quickly roll down, having no contact with the cleaning surfaces at all.

In addition, there are no devices in the prototype that would forcibly remove and remove soil impurities and plant remains.

The invention sets the task of increasing the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which has a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, a cleaner in the form of an inclined cleaning block, created by cylindrical drive rollers that have a counter-rotational movement in pairs, above which an activator is installed , as well as an unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the rollers of the cleaning unit are located longitudinally and form a trough-shaped bed in the transverse plane, and the activator is made in the form of two pairs of brushes formed by elastic rods, which in each pair are installed with gaps to each other, parallel cantilever shafts which are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the rollers and are connected to the drives in a rotational movement directed inward, while the lower ends of the brushes of the upper pair have a larger gap with the cleaning surface of the rollers than the similar ends of the brushes of the lower pair.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in fig. 1 (general side view). In Fig. 2 shows a section AA in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the output end of which a chop brush C with rods of elastic material is installed. Behind the feed conveyor 2 is an inclined cleaning unit, which consists of drive cylindrical rollers 4, which have counter-rotating motion in pairs. Drive cylindrical rollers 4 are mounted on the frame 1 longitudinally and form a trough-shaped channel in the transverse plane. From above, inside the trough-shaped channel, an activator is installed, which is made in the form of an upper pair of parallel cantilever shafts 5, which are installed on the frame 1, at the ends of which, that is, inside the indicated channel, there are brushes 6, formed by elastic rods. Parallel cantilever shafts 5 are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the rollers 4. At the same time, the brushes b have a gap to each other, and their lower ends are also located with gaps N to the lower surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4 inside the trough-shaped bed. Parallel cantilever shafts 5 are connected to drives (not shown) in a rotational movement with angular velocities of soy, directed inward, that is, the upper pair of brushes b has a counter-rotating movement. A lower pair of parallel cantilever shafts 7 mounted on the frame 1 is installed under the upper pair of brushes b, also inside the trough-shaped channel, at the ends of which, i.e. inside the indicated channel, there are brushes 8, also formed by elastic rods. They have a similar location as the upper pair of brushes 6, but their lower ends have a smaller gap g with the rollers 4 (ie No » P2), and the angular velocities og of their drive parallel cantilever shafts 7 are greater than the similar angular velocities oi of the upper pair of shafts 5, i.e. o2 » o1. Under the lower end of the cleaning block, i.e. below the drive cylindrical rollers 4, a finger cleaning slide 9 is installed, and a horizontal unloading conveyor 10 is placed under its lower end. The directions of movement of the flows of the pile of root vegetables and the rotation of the working organs of the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned is fed by means of a feed conveyor 2. The deflecting brush Z is installed on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods direct this pile to the upper part of the cleaning unit, i.e. to the surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4, which have counter-rotating motion in pairs, as a result, they capture soil impurities and plant remains and carry them to the reverse side of the rollers 4 beyond the boundaries of the cleaning block. The longitudinal arrangement of the drive cylindrical rollers 4 and their trough-like shape in the transverse plane contributes to the fact that the pile of root vegetables is guaranteed to move (slide) along the entire trough-like surface of the cleaning block in the downward direction without loss. Next, under the influence of its own weight, the pile of root vegetables reaches the activator, that is, the first pair of upper brushes 6, which are fixed at the ends of the parallel cantilever shafts 5, which are installed on the frame 1. The elastic rods of the brushes 6 capture the pile of root vegetables and, thanks to the rotation of the upper cantilever parallel shafts 5 with with angular velocities Phi, direct it into the gap between the brushes 6, significantly crushing it and dispersing it into individual components. At the same time, some part of the pile immediately passes through the gap ii, sliding along the surface of the drive cylindrical rollers 4. The perpendicular arrangement of the cantilever shafts 5 in relation to the longitudinal axes of the rollers 4 creates conditions for uniform loading of the upper pair of brushes 6, which in general will improve the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities . After passing through the upper pair of brushes 6, the crushed parts of the pile of root crops again fall on the surface formed by the drive cylindrical rollers 4, where they again move along it under the influence of their own weight, and the rollers 4 also very effectively capture dispersed soil impurities and plant remains and carry them in the opposite direction rollers 4 outside the cleaning block. After that, the pile of roots and tubers falls into the area of action of the lower pair of brushes 8, which, thanks to the rotation of the cantilever parallel drive shafts 7 with a higher angular velocity og, provide significant acceleration to parts of the pile, and the bodies of the roots and tubers are effectively covered with sticky soil. Since their lower ends have a smaller gap P2 with the rollers 4, the lower pair of brushes 8 passes through the indicated gap only the bodies of root vegetables. And small soil impurities and plant residues are captured by pairs of cylindrical rollers 4 and, thanks to their counter-rotating movement, are carried in the opposite direction, that is, outside the device. The trough-like shape of the cleaning channel contributes to the guaranteed movement and cleaning of the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities, since the side parts of the cleaning block also have a sufficiently high cleaning capacity when the upper and lower 8 pairs of brushes rotate. That is, such a transverse shape of the cleaning channel actually increases the area of the cleaning surface. Freed from soil and vegetable impurities, as well as from adhering soil, the bodies of root and tuber fruits finally leave the cleaning block, i.e. the drive cylindrical rollers 4, and roll onto the web of the finger cleaning slide 9. Due to the fact that the majority of root and tuber bodies are round in shape and as solid bodies , they roll down the web of the finger cleaning slide 9, while soil impurities and plant residues, on the contrary, are not capable of rolling, and therefore are captured by the fingers of the cleaning slide 9 and carried out through its upper end outside the device. The roots and tubers, completely cleaned of impurities, fall on the horizontally located unloading conveyor 10 and are loaded into a hopper or into a vehicle. When the root tuber bodies come into contact with the various rotating parts of the cleaner, their damage should not occur. Angular velocities Phi and og must take into account the degree of contamination of the pile with soil impurities and plant residues, soil moisture, its cohesion, etc. The same applies to the angular speeds of rotation of the drive cylindrical rollers 4. The sizes of the gaps Ni and po are also chosen based on these considerations.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities by 25...30,905. in

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Claims (1)

A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a deflecting brush, a cleaner, as well as an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that the cleaner is made in the form of an inclined cleaning block formed by drive cylindrical rollers having a counter-rotating pair motion, above which the activator is installed, the rollers of the cleaning block are located longitudinally 1 form a trough-shaped channel in the transverse plane, and the activator is made in the form of two pairs of brushes formed by elastic rods, which are installed in each pair with gaps to each other, parallel cantilever shafts of which are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the rollers and are connected to the drives in a rotational movement directed inward, while the lower ends of the brushes of the upper pair have a larger gap with the cleaning surface of the rollers than the similar ends of the brushes of the lower pair.