UA114367C2 - DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTATION AND CLEANING OF ROOT TUBERS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root crops, which can be used in potato harvesters. Device for transportation and cleaning of root tubers, including feeding conveyor, shaker of vibration action, the lower arcuate part of which is an outlet formed by brushes with short elastic rods and in pairs counter-rotational movement, cleaning organs in the form of a cleaning slide and a conveyor auger. The outlet of the vibrator shaker is formed by a bracket with installed separating brushes with short elastic rods, having the shape of a semicircle directed downwards, which is connected to the lower ends of the shaker by mechanisms of change and fixing its position in the longitudinal-vertical plane. feed conveyor mounted on a fixed inclined bracket at different heights, three drive dispersing brushes with long elastic rods. The diameters of the spreading brushes increase in the downward direction, and the angular velocities of the rotational motion of the pairs of separating brushes decrease from the middle of the semicircle upwards. The use of this device for transportation and cleaning of root crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , lump crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov

G.D. Potato harvesters. Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 10,400 p.).

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that for cleaning a pile of root vegetables, it is provided for its transition from one cleaning working body to another with the provision of different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. However, the use of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning roots and tubers from impurities, when the separation occurs with intensive crushing of the pile and giving it complex movement on different cleaning surfaces, unfortunately, is not available in the existing devices.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in the declaratory patent for a utility model Mo 4953, A 01 0 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Mo 2 is the closest analogue and consists of a feed conveyor, a pile shaker of vibrating action, which is made in the form of a convex cavity, mounted on elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillating movements, while its lower output part has an arc-shaped shape formed by pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as well as, installed below the shaker of cleaning working bodies in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned, is fed by a feed conveyor into the cavity of a vibratory shaker.

Due to the fact that the vibratory shaker is mounted on two elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillating movements, it performs intense oscillations, which

These lead to intensive crushing of the pile parts and they, falling down as separate components, pass through pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as a result of which they are even more dispersed, and the adhering soil is separated from the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops. Then, falling on the cleaning working bodies in the form of a cleaning slide, the bodies of root and tuber fruits are finally freed of all impurities, roll down (as round bodies) and are loaded into a hopper or a vehicle with the help of an unloading conveyor.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile, which contains a lot of soil impurities and plant residues, cannot be effectively destroyed inside the crusher itself only due to its oscillating movements. And therefore, in most cases, the shredder cannot get rid of them and they, together with the bodies of root and tuber fruits, continue to be in its middle. This is due to the fact that soil impurities can actually be destroyed only at the bottom of the crusher, and their destruction is possible only on pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, which is still insufficient.

The invention is based on the task of ensuring the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

To achieve this task, a device is proposed, which includes a feeding conveyor, a vibratory pile crusher with a lower arc-shaped exit hole formed by separating brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, cleaning organs in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor with a transverse one located on top auger, according to the invention, the lower output opening of the crusher is made in the form of a bracket with installed separating brushes, which has the shape of a semicircle, directed downwards, which is connected to the lower ends of the crusher by mechanisms for changing and fixing its position in the longitudinal-vertical plane, and inside the cavity of the crusher , opposite the feeding conveyor, three drive spreading brushes with long elastic rods are installed on a fixed inclined bracket at different heights, while the diameters of the spreading brushes increase in the downward direction, and the angular speeds of rotation of the movement of pairs of separating brushes decrease from the middle of the semicircle upwards.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in the drawing - a general side view.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops has a feeding conveyor 1, a pile shaker 2 of vibrating action, which is mounted on elastic supports 3 and kinematically connected to the mechanism 4 of its oscillating movements. The lower exit hole of the shaker 2 is made in the form of a bracket 5, which has the shape of a semicircle directed downwards. Drive (drive not shown) separating brushes b with short elastic rods and counter-rotating motion in pairs are installed on bracket 5. The ends of the bracket 5 are connected to the lower ends of the shaker 2 by mechanisms 7 for changing and fixing its position in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Inside the cavity of the shaker 2, opposite the feed of the conveyor 1, three driven dispersing brushes are installed on a fixed concave bracket 8 at different heights: 9, 10 and 11 with long elastic rods, the directions of rotational movements of which are directed downwards. At the same time, the diameters of the centering shaft brushes 9, 10 and 11 increase in the downward direction, i.e. d11»d1o»do. The angular velocities of the rotational movement of pairs of separating brushes b are different and decrease from the middle of the semicircle of the bracket 5 upwards in both directions, so that fihkog2«o0z. A finger cleaning slide 12 is installed obliquely from below under the vibratory shaker 2, and an unloading conveyor 13 is placed under its lower end, above the working branch of which (at its end), above with a corresponding gap, a screw conveyor 14 is installed perpendicularly. Opposite the feeding conveyor 1, a guide is installed screen 15 arc-shaped. The directions of the oscillating movements of the shaker 2 of vibration action, rotational and translational movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. During operation, the feeding conveyor 1 feeds a pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned inside the vibratory crusher 2. At the same time, thanks to the arc-shaped guide screen 15, the pile immediately falls inside the vibratory crusher 2 and directly ends up below on the surface formed by pairs of drive brushes b with short elastic rods. Due to the fact that pairs of brushes b have counter-rotational movement in pairs and short elastic rods, they effectively capture coarse impurities

Zo and plant remains and immediately carry them to the bottom. This is greatly facilitated by the oscillating movements of the shaker 2, due to the fact that it is mounted on elastic supports C and kinematically connected to the mechanism 4 of its oscillating movements. The shredder 2 actually shreds the connected pile of roots and tubers, dividing it into separate, smaller components, which are then guaranteed to be captured by the short elastic rods of the brushes 6 and carried down beyond the shredder 2. At the same time, thanks to the fact that the lower outlet of the shredder 2 is made in the form of bracket 5, which has the shape of a semicircle directed downwards, then the parts of root vegetables fall into the inner space of this semicircle, that is, into the space where the efforts to clean the bodies of root vegetables from sticky soil and capture impurities are actually provided from three sides. But first, the parts of the root tuber pile fall on three driven spreading brushes 9, 10 and 11 with long elastic rods, which are inside the cavity of the crusher 2, opposite the feeding conveyor 1 and installed on a stationary concave bracket 8. Since the driven spreading brushes 9, 10 and 11 with with long elastic rods are located at different heights, then the parts of the root tuber pile are successively in contact first with the upper spreading brush 9, which has a smaller diameter (to), and therefore its rods have greater rigidity. It is the tougher initial contact of the parts of the bound bunch of roots and tubers that will contribute to its effective destruction. Next, the parts of the pile of root vegetables from the brush 9 (due to the direction of its rotational movement downwards) fall on the second dispersing brush 10, which is already larger than that of the brush 9, in diameter (to), and therefore the parts of the pile continue to be crushed and dispersed into separate components. And at the end of its translational movement along the concave surface, which is formed by the fixed bracket 8, the crushed parts of the root tuber pile fall on the lowermost spreading brush 11 of the largest diameter (a11). The largest diameter (11) of the brush 11 and the downward direction of rotational movement contribute to a more uniform loading of the entire inner cavity of the semicircle formed by the bracket 5. Due to the fact that the brush 11 has long elastic rods, the linear speeds of their ends are the greatest, and this contributes to uniform distribution (scattering) of small soil impurities inside the crusher 2. As a result, all the components of the multicomponent mixture in a dispersed form, being inside the semicircle formed by the bracket 5, begin to make contact with the separating brushes 6. because the Separating brushes b with their short elastic rods effectively capture the bodies of root crops and residues (thanks to their pair counter-rotating movement) and bring them down beyond the boundaries of the shaker 2. Due to the fact that the angular speeds of the rotational movement of the pairs of separating brushes 6 are different and decrease from the middle of the semicircle formed by the bracket 5 upwards, the lower pair of brushes b has the highest angular speed ( 003), which will ensure shows the highest productivity of this lower part of the crusher 2. However, the root tuber bodies, falling on other pairs of separating brushes 6, i.e. on the side surfaces of the semicircle, where their angular velocities (01) and (02) are less than the angular velocity (0z), may not immediately be captured by the short elastic rods of these separating icicles b and the bodies of the root bulbs for some time slide down, that is, to the brushes 6, the pairs of which have the highest angular velocities (003). With such sliding, the adhering soil is effectively separated from the bodies of root crops. Getting to the very bottom of the semicircle. formed by the bracket 5, the root tuber bodies are guaranteed to be captured by the short elastic rods of the brushes 6 with the greatest angular velocities (oz). Due to the fact that the ends of the bracket 5 are connected to the lower ends of the shaker 2 by the mechanisms 7 for changing and fixing its position in the longitudinal-vertical plane, it makes it possible to change the configuration of the location of the semicircle formed by the bracket 5 and the separating brushes b relative to the shaker 2. Due to the displacement the location of the lower part of the semicircle formed by the bracket 5 to one or the other side can be used to increase the effect of the rolling of the root tuber bodies along the sharp ends of the short elastic rods of the separating brushes 6. Thus, by moving, thanks to the use of mechanisms 7, the lower central part of the semicircle formed by the bracket 5, to the left, a more favorable arrangement of brushes b is achieved for separating impurities, which are directed by long elastic rods of the dispersing brush 11 (in the right-to-left direction). This will also contribute to improving the quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities. In general, the interaction of the components of the pile of roots and tubers with the pairs of driven separating brushes b during their oscillations together with the shaker 2 of vibrating action completely separates all the components of the pile from each other and they fall on the finger cleaning slide 12 at different speeds, in a highly dispersed form.

Since the finger cleaning slide 12 is installed with an inclination at an angle to the horizon, the root vegetables (as round bodies) roll down its surface, and other components

From the heap (small soil impurities and plant remains) are grabbed by her fingers and, rising up, finally leave the cleaning area. The root crops then fall onto the conveyor belt 13, are transported by it and at the end of its working branch are unloaded by the screw conveyor 14 in a perpendicular direction into the hopper or into the vehicle. Amplitudes and frequencies of oscillating movements of the shaker 2, created by the mechanism 4, should be selected depending on the condition of the pile of roots and tubers submitted for cleaning. So, in the case of separating a pile of root crops, which includes many strong soil formations and numerous plant remains, the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating movements of the shaker 2 should be increased.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes a feeding conveyor, a pile breaker of vibrating action, the lower arc-shaped part of which is an outlet formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotational movement, cleaning organs in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor with a transverse auger, which is distinguished by the fact that the output hole of the vibrating crusher is formed by a bracket with installed separating brushes with short elastic rods, which has the shape of a semicircle, directed downwards, which is connected to the lower ends of the crusher by mechanisms for changing and fixing its position in the longitudinal direction in the vertical plane, and inside the cavity of the crusher, opposite the feeding conveyor, three driven spreading brushes with long elastic rods are installed on a fixed, inclined bracket at different heights, while the diameters of the spreading brushes increase in the downward direction, and the angular velocities of the rotational movement of pairs of separating brushes decrease from the middle of the semicircle upwards.