UA80224C2 - Method and device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of transporting and cleaning tuberous roots includes operations for transporting a heap into the cleaning area, distribution, interaction with cleaning working elements for removing additives and further downloading thereof. Immediately after transporting, the roots heap is passed through a circular wiper. A device for carrying out the method consists of a frame, a feed table, a baffle brush, a cleaner shaped as a hollow cone, the top of which is directed downwards, inside which from above a rotary heap divider is arranged, and also anunloader. A driving hollow cone mounted vertically, the top of which is directed upwards, consists of two parts, the generators of which have different angles of incline a and b to vertical line, between which a toroidal extension is arranged, the internal surface of which contains elastic fingers shaped as triangles. The divider is made as a hollow ring of a proper width, which is fixed on a console driving vertical shaft mounted from above and arranged with a space inside the extension, on the outer surface of which short cylindrical fingers are disposed. From above the hollow ring a conical guide made as concentrical rods fixed with spaces is arranged and under the ring a driving distributor shaped as a plate is brought, the outer surface of this contains longitudinal radial ribs.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil and plant impurities.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning roots and tubers, which are implemented by root harvesting machines, and which include operations: feeding a pile of excavated root crops to separating working bodies, spreading the pile on working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities and unloading it into a vehicle | see, for example , book: Avanesov Yu.B. Bessarabov V.I., Rusanov I.I. 70 "Beet harvesting machines!". - M.: Kolos, 19791. During the implementation of known methods of transportation and cleaning, piles of excavated roots and tubers are located on different working organs that separate according to the principle of action for a long time (up to 30 sec.), root tubers move along them chaotically, and the interaction of each root tuber with the working organ is not always ensured Due to a significant layer of soil, therefore, their cleaning is often very uneven, in other cases, some of them are injured due to excessive contact with 19 cleaning working bodies, and some part remains uncleaned at all.

The closest to the proposed method is the method, which consists of the operations of feeding a pile of excavated roots and tubers to the separating working bodies, dispersing the pile of root and tuber crops along the working bodies and interacting with active dispersing and cleaning work bodies and unloading the cleaned root and tuber crops into a vehicle | see the book: "Beet harvesting machines. Design and calculation". Pogorely L.V., Tatyanko N.V., Bray V.V. etc. Ed. L.V. Burnt - K.: Technika, 1983. - p. 38, fig. 10 - prototype). This method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers is carried out mainly when performing the above-mentioned operations, in the same sequence of them, while preserving the main kinematic and other parameters.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning, due to the fact that the pile of roots and tubers together with soil and plant impurities is fed successively to different types of working bodies with different throughput capacity, which slows down the work process, and the roots and tubers together with impurities (connected with impurities) pass from one cleaning working body to another practically without being separated and without being cleaned.

The closest to the device that implements the proposed method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers is the device whose essence is outlined in IA. S. USSR Mo1752240, AO1017/04, AO1027/04, Ge published 07.08.1992, bulletin Mo29 - prototype), which includes a separating working body, which consists of sequentially installed different types of cleaners (including a cleaner in the form of an empty cone ), сч a transverse bar conveyor, above which blocks of cleaning brushes with elastic blades are installed, and сз3 an unloading conveyor. The device works in such a way that the pile of roots and tubers (root crops) after digging out of the soil is first fed to the roller cleaner, then with the help of a rod brush from the inside of the cleaner, which basically looks like an empty cone, and then to the transverse conveyor at the end of cleaning to the unloading conveyor.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is being cleaned passes from one cleaning working organ to another in large mass without actually being dispersed and separated. To clean the side surfaces of root and tuber crops from sticky soil, it is necessary to ensure multiple contact of the entire side surface of the root and tuber crop with cleaning elements, which cannot be achieved with the existing cleaning device.

The invention sets the task of improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes the transportation of the pile to the cleaning area, its dispersion, interaction with the cleaning working bodies for the removal of impurities and further unloading, according to the invention, immediately av! after transportation, a pile of root and tuber fruits is passed through a ring root and tuber shredder, while in the device that implements this method and contains a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, and a cleaner in the form of an empty cone, the top of which is directed downwards, inside of which a ka 20 rotary distributor is installed from above heap, as well as the unloading conveyor, according to the invention, a vertically installed driving hollow cone, the top of which is directed upwards, consists of two parts, generating

T" which have different angles of inclination to the vertical, between which there is a torus-shaped expansion, the inner surface of which contains elastic fingers of a triangular shape, and the distributor is made in the form of a hollow ring of a certain width, which is fixed on a cantilever drive vertical shaft installed on top and 22 is with a gap inside the expansion, on the outer surface of which there are short cylindrical fingers, at

GF) on top of this hollow ring there is a cone-shaped guide, made in the form of concentric rods fixed with gaps, and a plate-shaped drive diffuser is placed under the ring, the outer surface of which contains longitudinal radial ribs.

Thus, in the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits from impurities 60, a new operation is introduced to pass the pile through a ring grinder of root and tuber fruits, which creates for the last condition the forced capture of the bodies of root and tuber fruits, their retention and grinding right on the side by another cleaning surface in the ring space, which is carried out continuously. Such an operation, in addition to the complete removal of the bodies of root and tuber crops from adhering soil, ensures the complete destruction of soil and plant impurities. In the future, their removal is effectively carried out with the help of well-known cleaning working bodies. because the grinding of root and tuber fruits ensures their complete removal from the rhizomes of hyssica and other plant impurities. It occurs after the root tuber pile has already been significantly crushed and dispersed, and therefore the root tuber bodies have some relative movement inside the pile. The operation of crushing the roots and tubers, thanks to the two moving cleaning surfaces, will not contribute to damage to their side surfaces, since it takes place in the pile layer.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method is schematically shown in Fig. - general side view.

This device consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, a chipping brush 3, a cleaner made in the form of a vertically installed hollow cone, the top of which is directed upwards, consisting of two parts: the upper 4 and the lower 5, the forming surfaces of which have different angles inclination to the vertical: the smaller angle a - the inclination to the vertical of the creative part 4 and the larger angle p - the inclination of the part 5 to the vertical. Between parts 4 and 5 there is an extension 6 of a torus shape, the inner surface of which contains elastic fingers of a triangular shape. The forming surface of part 4 is formed by round concentric transverse rods 7 fixed with gaps, and the lower part 5 is formed by circular longitudinal rods 8 located with gaps to each other 75. The cleaner, in the form of hollow cones 4 and 5, between which there is an expansion 6 of a torus-like appearance, kinematically connected to the drive 9 in a rotational movement, the direction of which is shown by the arrow. Inside the cleaner, a heap distributor is installed on top in the form of a cantilever drive (drive not shown) vertical shaft 10, at the end of which a conical guide 11 is fixed, made in the form of concentric rods 12 fixed with gaps, under which is a hollow ring 13 of a certain width, 2o which is inside the expansion 6 of a torus shape and the outer surface of which has a corresponding annular gap of a certain size with it. The outer side surface of the hollow ring 13 (over the entire length of the circle and the width of the ring) contains rows of short cylindrical fingers 14. Under the hollow ring 13, on the lower drive (drive not shown) cantilever shaft 15, a dish-shaped diffuser 16 is placed, the outer surface of which contains longitudinal radial ribs. Under the lower outlet of the cleaner, that is, under its lower part 5, there is a tray 17, and a finger cleaning slide 18 is placed obliquely under its end. A horizontal unloading conveyor 19 is located under the lower end of the finger cleaning slide 18. From the top of the cleaner, above the upper loading a shaped screen 20 is installed through the opening of part 4, opposite the feeding conveyor 2. The directions of the root and tuber flows, as well as the rotational movements of the working bodies of the device for transporting and cleaning the root and tuber are shown by arrows. "AND

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned, is fed by means of a feeding conveyor 2 to the inside of the cleaner, which is installed vertically and the top of which is directed upwards. At the same time, the reflecting brush Z is installed on the frame 1, which reflects this flow of the pile of roots and tubers onto the surface of the distributor, that is, the guide 11 of a conical shape, which is formed by concentric bars 12 fixed with gaps. Since the guide 11 ee is installed at the end of the cantilever drive vertical shaft 10, it rotates and stretches the pile of roots and tubers, grinds it into separate parts and provides the appropriate inertial forces that direct them to the periphery. At the same time, the somewhat crushed parts of the pile with acceleration fall to the inner surface of the cleaner, namely to the inner surface of its part 4, which is formed by round transverse bars 7. 420 Since the rotation of the shaft 10 and part 4 of the cleaner, thanks to the drive 9, are opposite in direction, that is, parts of the pile of roots and tubers collide with the transverse bars 7, the direction of their movement changes to the opposite, and a significant part of small soil impurities are effectively sifted through the gaps between the round "" transverse rods 7. Parts of the pile of roots and tubers are reflected again on the surface of the guide 11 under the action of their own the weights as a whole move downward, that is, along the face of the guide 11 along its bars 12. This leads to the fact that parts of the soil impurities are also sifted through the gaps between the bars 12 and (oo) fall down. one that ensures a quick fall of parts of the pile to the bottom, because it is at this time the mud of the cleaner, the pile of root vegetables is not yet significantly crushed and dispersed. Therefore, the angle should have as little value as possible. Then the parts of the pile of root vegetables will move down more quickly. After that, parts of the root tuber pile 7 50 actually fall into the torus-shaped expansion 6 along the entire annular gap. Significantly crushed parts of the root tuber pile begin to move in the gap between the outer surface of the cavity

I" rings 13 of a certain width with short cylindrical fingers 14 and a surface that contains elastic fingers of triangular shape inside the toroidal extension b. The rotation of the torus-shaped extension 6 and the hollow ring 13, which are directed in different directions, contribute to the effective grinding of the pile between the short cylindrical fingers 14 and the elastic fingers of a triangular shape inside the extension 6. The bodies of root vegetables that fall into this moving space first of all fall between the elastic fingers of the triangular forms that hold them for a certain period of time, and we eat short ones) cylindrical fingers 14 when moving the hollow ring 13 brush off the stuck soil from them. The use of elastic fingers of a triangular shape provides the conditions for effective retention of the bodies of root and tuber fruits because inside the expansion has a torus-like appearance. At the same time, the elastic fingers are deformed and, after a certain period of time, get rid of the root tuber bodies and they move downward under the influence of their own weight and contacts with other parts of the pile. Next, the bodies of root vegetables and parts of impurities that were not removed through the gaps between the rods 7 and 12 fall through the annular gap into the lower part 5 of the cleaner and immediately fall on the surface of the dish-shaped diffuser 16, the outer surface of which contains longitudinal 65 radial ribs. The scatterer 16 rotates at a certain angular speed thanks to the drive shaft 15 and under the action of centrifugal forces, the bodies of the tubers are scattered and thrown onto the inner surface of part 5 of the cleaner. Part 5 is formed by longitudinal rods 8 and has a larger angle Dr, the inclination of the vertical to the vertical. All this contributes to the fact that the root crops no longer descend to the bottom at a higher speed, but for some time will be inside the lower part 5 and a significant part of the soil impurities is sifted through the gaps between its longitudinal bars 8 outside the device. Fine soil impurities, which through the gaps between the rods 12 of the hollow ring 13, fell to the surface of the scatterer 16 under the action of centrifugal forces are directed to the inner surface of the part 5 and through the rods 8 are guaranteed to leave the boundaries of the device. Having finally reached the lower output end of part 5 of the cleaner, root vegetables and some residues that have not yet been removed through the gaps between bars 7 and 8 fall on the tray 17, which further directs them to the web 7/0 of the finger cleaning slide 18. Due to the fact that, in the vast majority, the bodies of root vegetables have a round shape and as solid bodies, they roll down the web of the finger cleaning slide 18, while soil impurities and plant residues, on the contrary, are not capable of rolling, and therefore are captured by the fingers of the cleaning slide 18 and carried out through its upper end outside the device. The roots and tubers, completely cleaned of impurities, fall on the unloading conveyor 19 and are loaded into a bunker or into a vehicle. To prevent the loss of a pile of 75 tubers when loading part 4 of the cleaner, a shaped screen 20 is used, which is installed on the frame 1 opposite the feeding conveyor 2. The angular speeds of rotation of the cleaner, in the form of hollow cones 4 and 5, as well as drive shafts 10 and 15 should have the following values in which there will be effective grinding of the root tuber pile, the corresponding productivity of the device, as well as the condition under which the root tuber bodies will not be damaged.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities by 30...4090.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention p 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops, which includes transportation of the pile to the cleaning zone i) its dispersion, interaction with the cleaning working bodies for the removal of impurities and subsequent unloading, which is distinguished by the fact that immediately after transportation, the pile of root and tuber crops is passed through a ring shredder of root and tuber crops. "g zo 2. A device for carrying out a method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, a cleaner in the form of a hollow cone, the top of which c is directed downwards, inside of which a rotary heap distributor is installed on top, as well as an unloading conveyor, which differs by the fact that the vertically installed driving hollow cone, the top of which is directed upwards, consists of two parts, the generating parts of which have different angles of inclination o and VD to the vertical, between which there is a torus-shaped expansion, the inner surface of which contains elastic triangular fingers, and the distributor is made in the form of a hollow ring of a certain width, which is fixed on the cantilever driven vertical shaft mounted on top and is located with a gap inside the extension, on the outer surface of which there are short cylindrical fingers, while on top of the hollow ring there is a conical guide, in the form of fixed concentric rods with gaps, and a plate-shaped drive diffuser is placed under the ring, the outer surface of which in c contains longitudinal radial ribs. ;" (ee) ("c) ime) with 50 s" Ф) ime) 60 b5