UA79664C2 - Method to transport and clean tuberous roots and a device to carry out thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of transporting and cleaning tuberous roots includes transporting a heap, distributing thereof, supplying onto cleaning working elements, cleaning from soil and plant additives and taking away. Prior to the supplying onto the cleaning working elements repeated consequent impact distribution of the heap is carried out with the gradual reduction of the value of an impact impulse. A device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots has a feeding table, baffle brushes, active cleaning working elements and an unloader. An impact-type heap distributor consisting of a cylindrical transporting surface, which is concave in the longitudinal and vertical plane, on which at different height along the length of circle rows of pin rectangular striker bars are placed in such a manner as to allow carrying out periodical impact impulses in the radial direction is arranged after the feeding table. Values of impact impulses of each row are gradually reduced from above downwards.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil and plant impurities.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root and potato harvesting machines, and include operations: feeding a pile of dug root and tuber crops to separating working bodies, spreading the pile through working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities and unloading it into a vehicle | see, for example, the book: Avanesov Yu.B., Bessarabov 70 you, Rusanov I.I. Beet harvesting machines. - Moscow: Kolos, 1979. Despite the fact that the pile of excavated root crops is located on different, separating working organs for quite a long time (up to 30 seconds), the root crops move along them chaotically and the interaction of each root crop with the working organ is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil, so their cleaning is often very uneven. In other cases, part of the roots and tubers are injured due to excessive contact with 19 cleaning working organs, and sometimes a significant part of them remains uncleaned at all.

The closest to the proposed method is the method that consists of the operations of feeding a pile of dug root vegetables to the separating working bodies, dispersing the pile of root vegetables on the working bodies and interacting with active dispersing and cleaning working bodies, and unloading the cleaned root vegetables into a vehicle | see the book: "Beet harvesting machines. Design and calculation", L.V. Pogorelii, N.V. Tatyanko, V.V. Brey. etc. Ed. L.V. Burnt - K.: Technika, 1983. - p.

C8, fig. 10 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning, due to the fact that the pile of roots and tubers, together with soil and plant impurities, without being dispersed, at a constant speed, sometimes with a layer of considerable thickness, is fed sequentially to different types of cleaning working bodies with different throughput, which slows down the work process , and roots and tubers together with impurities (directly connected with impurities Ge) pass from one purifying working body to another practically without separating. The removal of soil and plant impurities is significantly slowed down due to the fact that the pile is actually undistributed at all stages of cleaning, as a result of which root vegetables together with impurities represent a single (sometimes very compressed) mass. M

The closest to the device that implements the proposed method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers is the device whose essence is found in (AS USSR Mo1752240, AO1017/04, AO1027/04, publ. 08/07/1992, Bull. Mo29 - prototype |, which includes a separating working body, which consists of sequentially installed different types of cleaners, behind which a transverse rod conveyor is installed, above which (and Ф under which) blocks of cleaning brushes with elastic blades are installed.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities, which is due to the fact that - the pile of root vegetables that is cleaned actually passes from one working organ to another with a large mass, a thick layer, in which the components (root vegetables, loose and bound soil and vegetable remains, which can also be associated with root vegetables) sometimes have very strong connections between themselves. It will be possible to separate the admixture from root and tuber crops with a high degree of quality only if significant efforts are made to disperse (break up) the pile, which is impossible to do with known devices. It is not always possible to disperse, and subsequently to separate a large mass of piles fed to the cleaning device

With" due to the limited cleaning time. In the case of the presence of a large amount of plant remains during the cleaning of root and tuber crops, in the form of plant stems, remnants of chickpeas, rhizomes, leaves, the effective operation of the prototype becomes impossible in general, due to excessive and frequent clogging of the cleaning working organs with such impurities. Unfortunately, such an important feature as the specific weight of various components of a bunch of roots and tubers that are cleaned is not used. When separating a pile of root crops, the ability of different (Te) components of the pile to react differently to the shock pulse applied to them is also not used.

The invention sets the task of improving the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and vegetable crops

There is an impurity. b 20 The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to cleaning workers

T" bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal, according to the invention, before being fed to the cleaning working bodies, carry out multiple successive impact distribution of the pile with a gradual reduction in the value of the impact pulse, and the device for implementing the method, which includes a feeding conveyor, chopper 25 brushes, active cleaning working bodies and unloading conveyor, according to the invention after the submitter

GF) of the conveyor, an impact-type pile distributor is installed, which consists of a convex, in the longitudinal and vertical plane, a cylindrical conveying surface, on which there are rows of pin rectangular impactors at different heights along the length of the circle with the possibility of periodic impact pulses in the radial direction, at the same time, the values of shock pulses of each row gradually decrease by 60 from top to bottom.

Thus, a new operation of forced multiple sequential shock distribution of the pile is introduced into the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil impurities and plant residues. Thus, roots and tubers, as solid bodies, in the case of impact distribution, immediately receive a corresponding impact impulse and a certain speed, fly away, then are caught and taken away in a separate direction; plant remains and soil impurities do not get such a speed, and either continue to move along the cleaning surface, or fly away at a low speed for a small distance and return to the cleaning surface, or generally fall down under the influence of their own weight. In all cases, however, the pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned at the same time, is significantly dispersed. Since such shock distribution occurs sequentially and repeatedly, and also with a gradual decrease in the magnitude of the shock pulse, there is a complete separation of root tuber bodies from other components of the pile that are submitted for cleaning. The specified new operation on shock distribution of a pile of root crops should be carried out with minimal damage to root crops.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method of transportation and cleaning of 70 root vegetables is schematically depicted in Fig. 1 - a general side view. In Fig. 2 is given from A in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops consists of a feeding conveyor 1, above the output end of which a chop brush 2 with elastic rods is installed. Next, a pile distributor C of the impact type is installed, which consists of a convex transporting surface 4, which in the longitudinal-vertical plane has a cylindrical shape (part of a circle of constant radius), on which there are rows of pin rectangular impactors 5 at different heights along the length of the circle 7/5.

Each row is a rectangular-shaped striker 5 (pin, plunger type) installed with a small gap, which in the middle of the transporting surface 4 is connected to a separate drive b, which gives the strikers 5 of each row periodic shock pulses in the radial direction. Moreover, all pin rectangular strikers 5 of each of the specified rows receive their shock pulses (with the corresponding frequency and 2o amplitude), which decrease from top to bottom (that is, the topmost row of pin rectangular strikers 5 has the largest impulse, the middle row of strikers 5 already receives lower shock pulse and bottom row 5 has the lowest shock pulse). Opposite each row of pin rectangular impactors 5 is a shaped tuber catcher 7, and between them are installed drive beaters 8, which are made in the form of drive cylindrical brushes with elastic rods. Each of the shaped catchers of root and tuber fruits 7 is directed downward, and the lower catcher 7 is used to ensure the removal of impurities, and in order to prevent the accumulation of impurities in its middle, a blade beater 9 is installed. Under i) shaped catchers of root and tuber fruits 7 (under their lower nozzles) is located , a finger cleaning slide 10 is installed obliquely, and an unloading conveyor 11 is installed under its end. The directions of movements of a pile of root vegetables, rotary movements of the working organs of the cleaner and oscillating movements of the impactors are shown -«f with arrows.

The root tuber heap cleaner from impurities works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers ise) is fed by a conveyor 1 and a chopper brush 2 directs it to a pile distributor C of the impact type. At the same time, the chopper Ge brush 2 contributes to the fact that the pile of root crops is significantly dispersed. Since the pile distributor Z consists of a convex cylindrical surface 4, the pile begins to move downwards under the influence of its own weight. me)

Having reached the surface of the upper row of pin-shaped rectangular impactors 5, which apply periodic shocks (that is, shock pulses of the largest magnitude) to the pile layer from below, the pile is distributed: roots and tubers, like solid bodies, fly away and are caught by the upper shaped catcher 7, while soil impurities and plant remains do not fly away (or fly away for a much shorter distance), and in the vast majority immediately descend to the bottom and continue their movement along the convex cylindrical transporting surface 4. Next, the "part of the pile that has not yet been distributed falls on the second row of pin rectangular v c impactors 5, which inflicts already smaller shock pulses on it, which also continue the distribution of the pile. At the same time, the root crops are already under the influence of shock pulses of the next row;" pin rectangular impactors 5 also fly away and are caught by the next shaped catcher 7, which is located opposite a given row of impactors 5. At the same time, if when moving from one row of pin rectangular impactors 5 to another, the root vegetables are not caught by the catchers 7, then the driving beaters 8, - And which are made in the form of cylindrical brushes with elastic rods, will direct them again to the convex cylindrical conveying surface 4. This also applies to impurities that did not get into the shaped catcher 7, but were reflected to a short distance, and therefore they will be returned again by the drive beaters 8 on the convex cylindrical b transporting surface 4. At the same time, the impurities can immediately fall to the bottom, and then they will directly fall into the shaped catcher 7, which is located at the very bottom and is intended for the removal of impurities, and to prevent the accumulation of impurities in its middle part, a blade beater 9. i" is installed at the end of its movement along the convex cylinder on the surface 4, a pile of root vegetables falls into the zone of action of the last row of pin rectangular impactors 5, which applies the smallest shock pulses to it, as a result of which the final distribution of the pile takes place and the last root vegetables, which still remain in this part of the convex surface 4, are reflected and caught the last figure catcher 7.

Since in this part of the convex cylindrical surface 4 the pile actually contains only root and tuber fruits and

Ф) a very small amount of impurities, then in order to prevent unnecessary trauma to the root crops, the impact pulse of the last row of pin rectangular impactors 5 is the smallest. Thus, with multiple sequential distribution of the pile, during its movement along the convex cylindrical surface 4, and impact interaction with 6 rows of pin rectangular impactors 5, complete separation of the pile occurs. From the shaped catchers 7, the tubers fall onto the surface of the inclined cleaning slide 10, along which they roll down onto the unloading conveyor 11. And the part of the impurities (especially plant residues) that still remains is carried up by the cloth of the cleaning slide 10 and beyond the limits of cleaning. Angular speeds of rotation of the working organs of the cleaner, geometric dimensions (especially the dimensions of the convex cylindrical transporting surface) and the magnitude of the 65 impact pulses (with the corresponding amplitude, frequency and impact mass of pin rectangular impactors 5) should take into account the type of root vegetables that are submitted for cleaning, the degree of contamination of the pile of root vegetables impurities, productivity of the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, etc. There are other options for devices that could implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The use of this method of transportation and cleaning will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities by 20...25960.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention, y y - - 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to the cleaning working bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal, which is distinguished by the fact that before feeding to the cleaning working bodies, multiple successive shock distribution of the pile with gradual by reducing the value of the shock pulse. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which has a feeding conveyor, chipping brushes, active cleaning working bodies and an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that after the feeding conveyor, an impact-type pile distributor is installed, consisting of a convex, in the longitudinal-vertical plane, cylindrical conveying surface, on which there are rows of pin rectangular impactors at different heights along the length of the circle with the possibility of periodic, in the radial 2r direction, shock pulses, while the shock pulse values of each row gradually decrease from top to bottom. 6) « (Se) (Se) (o) and - - and? -i se) (o) (o) s» ime) 60 b5