UA116832C2 - METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION AND CLEANING OF ROOT BREEDING PLANTS AND DEVICES FOR ITS PERFORMANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of transportation and purification of root tubers, including transportation of pile, its vibratory shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies and subsequent unloading. Simultaneously with the vibration shaking of the body of the root tubers is directed vertically downwards and caught for individual multiple clearing of the lateral surfaces from the stuck soil, passing them through a cascade action wiper, then gently trapped and sent for the separation of other impurities. A device for carrying out the method of transportation and purification of root crops includes a frame, a feed conveyor mounted above its output end reflective brush, vibrating pile shaker with a lower outlet formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise slides and unloading conveyor. At the bottom of the original part of the vibrator action having a rectilinear shape, under each pair of brushes having counter-rotational motions, an individual root-bulb cleaner is attached, in the form of cut hollow cones, directed vertically downwards, inside of which are vertically inwards with to their longitudinal axes, springs of different lengths, thus forming together, inside the cones, an elastic cleaning cascade also of a conical shape, with under each outlet at vorom hollow truncated cones mounted cantilever bending elastic bands. The quality (by 25-30%) and productivity (by 2 times) of cleaning of root tubers from impurity is provided.

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used in the transportation of root crops and ensuring their simultaneous cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root harvesting machines, and which include operations: feeding a pile of excavated root and tuber crops to separating working bodies, transporting the pile through working bodies that separate it from impurities and unloading it into a vehicle (book: Yu.B. Avanesov etc. Beet harvesting machines - Moscow: Kolos, 1979).

The disadvantage of such methods is the low quality and productivity of root tuber cleaning. Despite the fact that the pile is for a long time (sometimes up to 30 seconds) on different working organs that separate according to the principle of action, root vegetables move along them chaotically, and the direct interaction of each root vegetable with the cleaning working organ is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil and plant remains. therefore, their cleaning is often very uneven, in other cases some of them are injured due to excessive contact with cleaning working bodies.

The closest to the proposed method is the method, the essence of which is laid out in the declaratory patent for a utility model Mo 4953, AOTO 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Mo 2 is the closest analogue, and which includes feeding a pile of roots and tubers into the cleaning zone and its interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies, vibrational shaking of the pile and subsequent unloading.

The disadvantage of this method remains the low quality of cleaning the pile of root vegetables, which contains a lot of plant remains, strong soil impurities of various sizes and soil stuck to the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables. At the same time, bound soil, strong soil impurities, and accumulation of plant remains are not able to be effectively separated into separate components and they gradually accumulate inside the crusher. All this makes it necessary to periodically get rid of the largest accumulation of plant residues and strong soil impurities in the middle of the vibratory crusher. Our experimental studies have established that shaking a pile of roots and tubers with a vibrating shaker, even when a wide range of vibration frequencies is specified, leads to an insignificant height of bouncing of the constituent elements of the pile.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in the declaratory patent for a utility model Mo 4953, A 01 0 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Mo 2 is the closest analogue, and which consists of a feed conveyor, a pile shaker of vibrating action, which is made in the form of a convex cavity, installed on elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillatory movements, while its lower output part has an arc-shaped shape formed by pairs driving brushes with short elastic rods, as well as, installed below the crusher, cleaning working bodies in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned, is fed by a feed conveyor into the cavity of a vibratory shaker.

Due to the fact that the vibratory shaker is mounted on two elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillatory movements, it carries out intensive intensive oscillations, shaking of parts of the pile and they, falling down, as separate components, pass through pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as a result of which become even more dispersed, and sticky soil separates from the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops. Further, when they reach the bottom of the crusher, the cleaning working organs in the form of a cleaning slide of the body of the root and tuber fruit finally get rid of all impurities, roll down (as round bodies) and, with the help of an unloading conveyor, are loaded into a hopper or a vehicle.

The disadvantages of this device are also the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities and low cleaning performance, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber products, which contains a lot of soil impurities and plant residues, cannot be effectively destroyed inside the shredder itself. And therefore, in most cases, the shredder cannot get rid of them and they, together with the bodies of root and tuber fruits, continue to be in its middle. This is due to the fact that soil impurities can actually be destroyed only at the bottom of the crusher and their destruction is possible only on pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods (due to blows on the brushes), which is clearly not enough.

The invention is based on the task of ensuring high-quality and productive cleaning of 60 root and tuber crops from impurities.

To achieve this, a method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops is proposed, which involves transportation of the pile, vibrational shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of cleaning working bodies and further unloading, according to the invention, simultaneously with vibrational shaking, the body of root and tuber fruits is directed vertically downwards and they are caught for individual repeated cleaning of the side surfaces from adhering soil, passing them through the wiper of cascade action, then they are gently caught and directed to the separation of other impurities.

In the device for the implementation of this method, which includes a frame, a feed conveyor, above the output end of which a deflecting brush is installed, a pile crusher of vibrating action with a lower output hole formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, cleaning organs in the form of a cleaning slide and unloading conveyor, according to the invention, from the bottom of the output part of the vibratory shaker, which has a rectilinear shape, under each pair of brushes that have counter-rotating movements, an individual root tuber cleaner is fixed, in the form of truncated hollow cones, the tops of which are directed downwards, inside of which cantilever springs of different lengths are installed perpendicular to their longitudinal axes with a corresponding step in height, in such a way that together they form, inside the cones, an elastic cleaning cascade also of conical shape, while under each outlet opening of the truncated hollow cones, cantilever flexible elastics are installed tapes.

Thus, to the existing set of operations of transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables from plant remains and soil impurities, a fundamentally new operation is introduced to deliberately direct vertically downwards and capture the bodies of root vegetables for individual and repeated cleaning of sticky soil. This operation is carried out thanks to the passage of each root tuber individually through a scraper of cascade action. At the same time, the indicated operation is carried out sequentially for each body of root and tuber, regardless of its size and shape, since the scraper of cascade action will precisely contribute to the fact that large bodies of root and tuber will be effectively cleaned at the position of the upper cascade, and on the contrary, small in size of the body of root and tuber, also effectively

They will be cleaned at the bottom position of the specified cascade. Next, a second operation is performed to gently catch and direct the bodies of root vegetables to separate other impurities.

Thus, the combination of these two operations will contribute to a significant increase in the quality of cleaning the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities and to an increase in cleaning productivity.

The device with which it is proposed to implement this method is schematically depicted in the drawing - a general side view.

The device, with the help of which it is proposed to implement this method, has a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the outlet end of which is installed a reflective brush C with long elastic rods, a curved arc-shaped screen 4, a vibratory pile shaker 5, the lower, outlet part of which has a rectilinear shape, and is formed by brushes 6 with short elastic rods and which pairwise have counter-rotating movements. The shaker 5 of the vibrating pile is mounted on two springs 7 and is kinematically connected to the mechanism 8 of its oscillating movements in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Under each pair of brushes 6, which have counter-rotating movements, on the frame 1, with the help of clamping devices 9, an individual root tuber cleaner is fixed in the form of truncated hollow cones 10, with their tops pointing downwards. Inside each hollow cone 10, with a corresponding step in height, cantilevered inside, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of each cone 10, springs 11 of different lengths, in such a way that they together form, inside the cones 10, an elastic cleaning cascade also conical in shape with an angle A. Beneath each lower exit opening of the cut hollow cones 10 on the frame 1, cantilevered flexible elastic bands 12 of an arc-shaped shape are installed. From below, under the exit holes of the hollow cones 10, i.e. directly under the elastic bands 12, there is a finger cleaning slide 13 inclined, and an unloading conveyor 14 is placed under its lower end. The lateral upper part of the finger cleaning slide 13 is covered by a protective screen 15. The directions of the oscillating movements of the vibrating shaker 5 and rotational and translational movements of the device's working bodies are shown by arrows.

The device works like this. During operation, the feeding conveyor 1 feeds a pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned inside the vibratory crusher 5. At the same time, thanks to the fact that a chopper brush C with long elastic rods is installed above the output end of the feeding conveyor 2, the flow of the root tuber pile is guaranteed and 60 are discretely captured by its long elastic rods, crushed, divided into separate components and with acceleration are directed to the shaped arc-shaped guide screen 4. As a result of elastic impacts against the arc-shaped guide screen 4, the parts of the pile of root vegetables are further divided into separate components and are guaranteed to fall (fall or roll along the inner surface of the side part of the crusher 5) inside the cavity of the vibratory action crusher 5. Once inside the shaker 5, parts of the pile of root vegetables end up in its lower part on the surface formed by pairs of drive brushes b with short elastic rods. Due to the fact that the shaker 5 is mounted on springs 7 and kinematically connected to the mechanism 8, the latter provides the shaker 5 with oscillating movements with the appropriate frequency in the longitudinal-vertical plane.

Due to the fact that under each two pairs of drive brushes 6 of the lower straight output part of the shaker 5 of vibrating action, on the frame 1, with the help of clamping devices 9, an individual root tuber cleaner is fixed, in the form of truncated hollow cones 10, directed with the tops downward, then the root tuber bodies from of each pair of brushes b necessarily fall into their hollow cone 10. Due to the fact that inside each hollow cone 10, with a corresponding step in height, cantilever springs 11 of different lengths are fixed and directed inward, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of each cone 10, such in such a way that they together form an elastic cleaning cascade of the same conical shape, with an angle y, then each root tuber necessarily passes through this cleaning cascade and is completely cleaned of adhering soil. It happens in this way. After falling down, after passing through pairs of drive brushes b, the body of the root tuber (whatever size it may be) ends up in a conical space formed by the ends of the springs at the 11th angle y. If the root tuber body is large, it will be held by the first pair of springs 11, that is, on the uppermost cascade. The ends of the springs 11 bend downwards and the side part of the body of the root tuber begins to contact the coils of the springs 11, which in this case will be non-sharp scrapers. After the next root tuber body falls down from above, after shaking and passing through pairs of brushes 6, it pushes the body of the previous root tuber to the lower cascade of springs 11.

Having found itself lower, the body of the root tuber is already in contact with the ends of the springs 11, which have a shorter length, and therefore their elasticity will be greater, which will contribute to the separation of more

From solid parts of the soil, which were poured onto the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops. | so on, when the previous body of the root tuber does not pass all the cascades from the ends of the springs 11 and is not completely cleaned of adhering soil. After passing through the cleaning cascade, i.e. the cut hollow cones 10, the bodies of root vegetables, completely cleaned of adhering soil, fall onto the flexible elastic bands 12 of an arc-shaped shape, which are located under each lower exit hole of the cut hollow cones 10 on the frame 1. This contributes to a softer fall of the root vegetables bodies down, which prevents them from being injured. After the root tuber bodies and some loose impurities are repelled by the cantilever-mounted flexible elastic belts 12 of an arc-shaped shape, they necessarily fall on the finger cleaning slide 13. Since the side upper part of the finger cleaning slide 13 is covered by the protective screen 15, it prevents losses root vegetables. Due to the fact that the finger cleaning slide 13 is installed with an angle at an angle to the horizon, the root crops (as round bodies) roll down its surface, and other components of the heap (small soil impurities and plant remains that are not capable of rolling) are captured by its fingers and, rising up, finally leave the cleaning zone. The root crops then fall onto the conveyor belt 14 and are transported by it into a hopper or into a vehicle.

The kinematic characteristics of the vibratory movements of the crusher 5 should take into account the degree of contamination with impurities in the pile of root vegetables, which is submitted for cleaning.

The application of the proposed method will allow to increase the quality of root and tuber cleaning by 25-30 95 and increase the cleaning productivity by 2 times.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes transportation of the pile, its vibrational shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of cleaning working bodies and subsequent unloading, which is characterized by the fact that simultaneously with vibrational shaking, the bodies of root and tuber fruits are directed vertically downwards and they are caught for individual repeated cleaning of the side surfaces from adhering soil, passing them through the wiper of cascade action, then they are gently caught and directed to the separation of other impurities. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush installed above its output end, a pile breaker of vibrating action with a lower output hole formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, separating bodies in in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which differs in that from the bottom of the output part of the vibratory shaker, which has a rectilinear shape, under each pair of brushes that have counter-rotating movements, an individual root tuber cleaner is fixed, in the form of truncated hollow cones, pointed downward , inside of which springs of different lengths are installed cantilevered, perpendicular to their longitudinal axes, with a corresponding step in height, in such a way that together they form, inside the cones, an elastic cleaning cascade also of a conical shape, while under each exit opening of the truncated hollow cones felt cantilever flexible elastic tapes. how g K t ze y I yah y ! K ko and sh Ya ry ashey give ; : I EE str. 3. shk KA | g KO nya - CO veny o NN AY / in I en KK shchu che i o ze s shnyakht SU je nie l ; shk to, paradise Sh i in and in 1 is Ko yo SCHO B her. ;, i and z i zh x X shi: NI ri yet CHI ven ve -k se i y hi g nei iy S mozh mya dy da a di av M NI to i ttevekrko s ko. HER ZHE DE netje er yar ner ni i pen o. ok m i po KK, shiya tt Ko r ak piki o 7 i Z EV es y g Vey den sho noya es -h vy i M vka ai B I o sy r sht ze tia wa Ne 14 M nya iegyadknya k sh. still I h i, shk Mey i ron i h a ey ide yeeyeyeeeyeyeyeyuyuh ih ettkeyuyuenyu t shin ss shh