RU2297753C1 - Method for transportation and cleaning of roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves transporting heap; providing separation of heap and feeding of separated heap to cleaning devices; discharging. After directed shaking, heap is additionally shaken and simultaneously separated on inclined grid-type vibrating board. Thereafter, roots and impurities are caught and discharged in different directions.

EFFECT: improved quality of cleaning roots from impurities.

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Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to methods that are used in the transportation and cleaning of root crops from soil and plant impurities.

Known methods of transportation and cleaning of root crops, which are implemented by root harvesting machines and which include the operation of feeding a pile of dug root crops to the separating working bodies, dispersing the pile on working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities, and loading into a vehicle [1].

The disadvantage of these methods is the low quality and performance of the cleaning. Despite the fact that a lot of dug root crops for quite a long time (up to 30 s) has been located on separating working bodies that are different in principle of operation, the root crops move randomly along them. The interaction of each root crop with a cleaning working body is not always provided through a significant layer of soil, so their cleaning is most often uneven. In other cases, some of them are injured through excessive contact with cleaning organs, and the other part remains completely untreated.

Closest to the proposed one is a method consisting of the operation of feeding a pile of dug root crops to the separating working bodies (cleaning zone), dispersing the pile of root crops into working bodies, sequentially separating impurities from the pile of root crops using several types of working bodies by shaking the heap and loading the peeled root crops [2 - prototype].

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning due to the fact that the heap of root crops is fed sequentially to different types of working bodies with different throughputs, which generally slows down the work process, and the root crops together with impurities (soil and vegetable) pass from one cleaning working body on the other, practically without separation.

The aim of this invention is to improve the quality of cleaning root crops from impurities.

To achieve this goal, we propose a method for transporting and cleaning root crops, which, after directed shaking of the heap, additional shaking and simultaneous separation on an inclined trellis vibrating board, after which the root crops and impurities are captured and discharged in different directions.

The dispersion of the heap of peeled root tubers is one of the main, but not final conditions for its complete purification from impurities (soil, plant debris and stones). Therefore, after the operation of dispersing the heap, an operation should immediately be carried out to separate (separate) the components of the heap and to divert them outside the limits of treatment in different directions. Therefore, the proposed method of cleaning and transportation provides for additional shaking of a pile of root crops and its simultaneous separation on an inclined trellised vibrating board. This is possible under the condition of a directed supply to it (almost in the perpendicular direction) of a dispersed pile of root and tubers after the main shaking, when root and tubers, as bodies that have a larger specific gravity and a significant coefficient of elasticity of the surface, move at a higher speed (and therefore with a lot of movement, therefore, they create a greater shock impulse), bounce off the vibrational inclined grating board and then immediately fall on a palm-shaped cleaning hill. This will not happen with other components of the heap, as soil impurities and plant debris will never bounce off the surface of an inclined vibrating trellis. So, soil impurities, when directed to a vibrating grating board, will either be sifted directly through the bars of the board or shaken down. Plant residues, falling on an inclined vibration board, will also not bounce off its surface, but will shake down along its surface and also leave the cleaning zone. Strong soil impurities (of arbitrary shape) and stones, hitting the lattice surface of the inclined vibration board, will break into its rods, and since they have no elasticity, they will not bounce off the surface of the vibration board, but will slip down along its surface and also leave the zone cleaning up.

The device with which it is proposed to implement this method of transportation and cleaning of root crops, is schematically shown in the drawing, a General side view.

This device has a feed conveyor 1, a heap shaker 2, which is mounted on elastic supports 3 and kinematically connected with the mechanism 4 of its directed oscillatory movements. The lower side of the scrubber 2 is formed by pairs of oncoming rotating brush 5, which consist of bundles of elastic pile. At the bottom, opposite the counter-rotating driving brushes 5, an inclined lattice vibration board 6 is installed, which is mounted on two elastic supports 7 and kinematically connected with the vibration drive 8, which creates vibrational vibrations for the inclined lattice vibration board 6. Under the lower end of the inclined trellised vibrating board 6, a palm cleansing slide 9 is laterally brought in such a way that there is a gap h between the surface of the inclined trellised vibrating board 6 and the end of the palm cleansing hill 9. At the very bottom, under the inclined grating board 6 and the lower end of the palm cleaning hill 9, a bar conveyor 10 is installed. The directions of the oscillatory movements of the scrubber 2 and the vibrational movements of the inclined grating vibration board 6 are shown by arrows.

During operation, the feed conveyor 1 feeds a heap of peeled root crops inside the scrubber 2. In this case, the heap falls into the middle of the scrubber 2 on the surface, which is formed by pairs of drive brushes 5 with elastic pile. Thanks to the operation of the vibration mechanism 4, the scrubber 2 oscillates on the elastic supports 3 and delivers a dispersed heap of root crops to the inclined grating vibration board 6. Small soil impurities, hitting the inclined grating vibration board 6, are sifted through its surface and immediately leave the cleaning zone. Since the inclined lattice vibrating board 6 vibrates on the elastic supports 7 with the help of the vibrating drive 8, the root crops under the influence of the indicated vibration after impacts bounce off its surface and immediately fall on the canvas of a palm cleansing hill 9. Plant residues, strong soil impurities and stones, due to their small elasticity, they do not bounce off the surface of the inclined lattice vibration board 6, therefore, they slide down and through the gap h fall onto the web of the bar conveyor 10. Corneclu non-fruit crops slide down the surface of a palm-shaped clearing hill 9, and soil plant debris that could get along with root crops rise up and through the specified gap h fall onto the rod conveyor 10, which removes impurities from the cleaning zone.

There are other options for devices for implementing this method, especially other cleaning working bodies that can be installed under an inclined trellis vibrating board.

Application of the proposed method will improve the quality of the separation of the heap by 15-20%.

Information sources

1. Avanesov Yu.B. and other beet-harvesting machines. M .: Kolos, 1979.

2. Pogorely L.V. etc. Beet harvesting machines. Design and calculation. K .: Technique, 1983 .-- P.38.

Claims (1)

A method of transporting and cleaning root crops, including transporting the heap, separating it, feeding it to the cleaning working bodies and unloading, characterized in that after directed shaking the heap is additionally shaken and simultaneously separated on an inclined trellised vibrating board, after which the root crops and impurities are captured and removed in different directions.