UA117612C2 - METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION AND CLEANING OF ROOT BREEDING PLANTS AND DEVICES FOR ITS PERFORMANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The object of the invention: a method. 2. Field of application: mechanization of agricultural production. 3. The essence of the invention: before the main vibrational shaking of the heap of the root tubers provide intensive pre-shaking in the lateral direction by means of an additional shredder intensive action, then the body of the root tubers have shock contacts with a spring-like continuous curvilinear surface, thereby causing the body to shake in a direction perpendicular to the direction of pre-shaking. Inside the vibratory crusher, an additional intensive crusher having a circular shape is mounted on top, the lower outlet of which is directed at a perpendicular angle to a similar opening of the main crusher. Under the output end of the additional intensive crusher is a cantilevered curvilinear board, the upper end of which is pivotally mounted in a fixed hinge and spring-loaded with springs on both sides, the frequency of oscillatory movements of the additional intensive crusher being greater than the analog frequency. 4. Technical result: improvement of quality (by 25-30%) and productivity (twice) of cleaning of root tubers from impurities.

Description

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The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used in the transportation of root crops and ensuring their simultaneous cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root harvesting machines, and which include operations: feeding a pile of dug root and tuber crops to the separating working bodies, transporting the pile through the working bodies that separate it from impurities, and unloading it into a vehicle (book: Yu.B. Avanesov ., etc. "Beetroot Harvesting Machines!" - M.: Kolos, 1979).

The disadvantage of such methods is the low quality and productivity of root tuber cleaning. Despite the fact that the pile is for a long time (sometimes up to 30 seconds) on different working organs that separate according to the principle of action, root vegetables move along them chaotically, and the direct interaction of each root vegetable with the cleaning working organ is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil and plant remains. therefore, their cleaning is often very uneven, in other cases some of them are injured due to excessive contact with cleaning working bodies.

The method closest to the proposed one is the essence of which is found in the declaratory patent for a utility model Mo 4953, AOTO 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Me2 is the closest analogue and includes feeding a pile of roots and tubers into the cleaning zone and its interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies, vibrational shaking of the pile and subsequent unloading.

The disadvantage of this method remains the low quality of cleaning / a pile of root crops, which contains a lot of plant remains, strong soil impurities of various sizes and soil stuck to the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops. At the same time, bound soil, strong soil impurities and accumulation of plant remains are not able to be effectively divided into separate components and they gradually accumulate inside the crusher. All this makes it necessary to periodically get rid of the largest accumulation of plant remains and strong soil impurities inside the vibratory crusher. Our experimental studies have established that shaking a pile of root crops with a vibrating shaker, even when a wide range of vibration frequencies is applied, leads to a slight height of bouncing of the constituent elements of the pile.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in the utility model declaration patent Me4953, A 01 O 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Mo2 is the closest analogue and consists of a feed conveyor, a pile shaker of vibrating action, which is made in the form of a convex cavity, mounted on elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillating movements, while its lower output part has an arc-shaped shape formed by pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as well as, installed below the crusher, cleaning working bodies in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned, is fed by a feed conveyor into the cavity of a vibratory shaker.

Thanks to the fact that the vibratory shaker is mounted on two elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillatory movements, it performs intensive oscillations, shaking of parts of the pile, and when they fall down, as separate components, they pass through pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as a result of which are more dispersed, and sticky soil separates from the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops. Then, falling on the cleaning working organs located below the crusher in the form of a finger cleaning slide, the root tuber bodies are finally freed of free and bound impurities, roll down (as rounded bodies) and are finally loaded into a hopper or a vehicle with the help of an unloading conveyor.

The disadvantages of this device are also the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities and low cleaning performance, which are due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber products, which contains many soil impurities and plant residues, cannot be effectively destroyed inside the shredder itself. And therefore, in most cases, the shredder cannot get rid of them and they, together with the bodies of root and tuber fruits, continue to be in its middle. This is due to the fact that soil impurities can actually be destroyed only at the bottom of the crusher and their destruction is possible only on pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods (due to impacts on the drive brushes with short elastic rods), which is clearly not enough. Changes in the characteristics of the oscillating movement are not foreseen here, because there are also completely no impact contacts of the bodies of the roots and tubers and the surfaces of the cleaning working organs. This also applies to changes in the direction of movement of the bodies of root vegetables, which are also not foreseen.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the quality and productivity of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

To achieve this, a method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops is proposed, which involves the transportation of the pile, its vibrational shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies, and further unloading, according to the invention, before the main vibrational shaking of the pile of root and tuber crops provides an intensive preliminary shaking in the lateral direction, with the help of an additional powerful shaker, then the bodies of the root vegetables have impact contacts with an elastic continuous curved surface, due to which the bodies of the root vegetables change the direction of movement and give them the last shaking in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the previous shaking.

In the device for the implementation of this method, which includes a feeding conveyor, a vibratory pile crusher with a lower arc-shaped outlet formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, separating bodies in the form of an inclined cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, according to according to the invention, inside the vibratory crusher, an additional intensive crusher is installed from above, which has a column-shaped shape, the lower outlet of which is directed at a perpendicular angle to the similar opening of the main crusher, under the outlet end of the additional intensive crusher, a curvilinear sloping board is cantilever installed, the upper end of which is rotatable installed in a fixed hinge and spring-loaded on both sides by tension springs, while the frequency of vibration of the additional intensive shaker is greater than the similar frequency of oscillations of the main shaker.

Thus, a fundamentally new operation is introduced to the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning a pile of root crops from plant residues and soil impurities, to provide a pile of root crops before its main shaking

From previous intensive shaking in the lateral direction, as a result of which parts of the heap (root tuber bodies, small soil impurities and plant remains) are first directed in the lateral direction. The intensity of shaking is provided by an additional shaker, which is located directly inside the main vibratory shaker, with an increased frequency of oscillating movements. After that, for all components of the pile, shock contacts with an elastic solid surface are provided, then the direction of movement is changed, and finally they are involved in another shaking oscillatory movement, which is already carried out in another, i.e. in a perpendicular plane, but already less intensively, i.e. with a lower frequency of oscillations . Such a new set of new operations to initially provide more intense shaking vibrations in the lateral direction, then provide impact contacts to the root tuber bodies, as a result of which the root tuber bodies first have damping oscillatory movements, then almost stop the movement, then change the direction of movement to almost the opposite. ! all these operations take place on a separate oscillating system, that is, on a separate continuous elastic surface. Next, the final shaking of the bodies of the tubers and removal of some small impurities with a lower frequency of oscillating movements is carried out already in another - perpendicular plane.

Such a combination of new operations significantly increases the quality and productivity of cleaning root vegetables from impurities. At the same time, the bodies of root crops are captured twice by pairs of driving brushes with short elastic rods and counter-rotating movements, they feel elastic impact contacts, the direction of their movement changes, which completely frees them from soil and any free impurities stuck to the side surfaces.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method is schematically shown in the drawing - a general side view.

The device, with the help of which it is proposed to implement this method, has a feeding conveyor 1, a main shaker 2 of a pile of vibrating action, the lower outlet of which has the shape of a part of a circle and is formed by drive (drive is not shown) brushes C with short elastic rods, which in pairs have counter- rotational movements.

The main shaker 2 of the pile of vibrating action is installed on two elastic supports 4 and is kinematically connected to the mechanism 5 of its oscillating movements with a frequency of oscillations of m.

Inside the cavity of the vibrating action shaker 2, from above, an additional intensive action shaker 6 is installed, which has a lower round shape and a lower outlet opening, which is directed at a right angle to the similar exit opening of the main vibrating action pile shaker 2. The lower exit hole of the additional shaker 6 of intensive action, which is located in its side part, is also formed by drive brushes (the drive is not shown) 7 with short elastic rods, which have counter-rotating movements in pairs. Additional shaker 6 of intensive action is also installed on two elastic supports 8 and kinematically connected to the mechanism 9 of its oscillating movements with the frequency of oscillations ug. At the same time, the frequency of oscillating movements of the additional shaker 6 of intensive action is greater than the similar frequency of oscillations of the main shaker 2 of vibration action, i.e. m» » mi. Under the output end of the additional crusher 6, inside the main crusher 2 of the pile of vibrating action, a sloping board 10 is cantilever installed, with a curvilinear shape, which covers with its curved surface the outlet opening of the additional crusher 6 of intensive action, the upper end of which is rotatably installed in the fixed hinge 11 and connected to both ends with tension springs 12. A finger cleaning slide 13 is obliquely installed below the outlet end of the main vibratory shaker 2, and an unloading conveyor 14 is placed under its lower end. The side part of the lower outlet opening of the main vibratory shaker 2, above the cleaning slide 13, is closed with a curved screen 15 arc-shaped. The directions of the oscillatory movements of the main shaker 2 of vibration action and the additional shaker 6 of intensive action, as well as the rotational and translational movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

There is a device that can implement this method of transporting and cleaning roots and tubers in this way. During operation, the feeding conveyor 1 continuously feeds a pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned inside the additional crusher 6 of intensive action. Due to the fact that the lower outlet of the additional intensive shaker 6, which is located in its side part, is formed by drive brushes 7 with short elastic rods that have counter-rotating movements in pairs, the pile of root vegetables is intensively shaken inside the shaker 6 and is pressed against pairs of drive brush 7. Since the additional shaker 6 of intensive action is installed on two elastic supports 8 and is kinematically connected to the mechanism 9 of its oscillating movements with a sufficiently large frequency ug2 of oscillations, the pile of root vegetables is significantly destroyed and effectively divided into separate components. But taking into account the fact that the shaking of the pile

Of the roots and tubers inside the crusher 6, the intensive action occurs in the lateral direction, the weight of the various components of the pile (especially the bodies of the roots and tubers, which have a higher specific gravity) does not contribute to their rapid passage through the pairs of brushes 7 with short elastic rods. And therefore, due to the fact that the intensive action shaker 6 has a round shape, the bodies of root and tuber fruits are pressed against the elastic rods of pairs of brushes 7 under the action of inertia forces only, are caught by them individually (one by one) and are pushed out in the lateral direction inside the main vibration action shaker 2. At the same time, the short elastic rods of the brushes 7 very effectively separate the adhering soil from the side surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops. After that, the bodies of root and tuber fruits and some impurities in a dispersed form are pushed out with the appropriate force and acceleration (which is determined by the frequency of oscillations ug) onto the cantilever mounted tilting board 10, of a curvilinear shape, the upper end of which is rotatably installed in a fixed hinge 11 and connected at both ends by springs of tension 12. The bodies of roots and tubers and some other components of the pile have impact contacts with the curved surface of the lower end of the sloping board 10. However, the sloping board 10 itself and its installation in a swivel joint 11 and the connection on both sides with the springs 12 create an autonomous inside the main shaker 2 oscillating system, in which, under the action of a variable load, the curved end of the sloping board 10 performs self-oscillating movements. At the same time, the bodies of root and tuber fruits can jump, but they necessarily roll down along the lower end of the curved surface of the sloping board 10. Thus, there is a change in the direction of movement for all components of the pile, especially for the bodies of root and tuber fruits, while simultaneously providing them with impact contacts against the elastic curved surface of a sloping board 10. This generally does not damage the bodies of root vegetables, but contributes to the significant cleaning of "bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil. After that, with minor turns in the hinge 11 and further oscillations of the slatted board 10 on the springs 12, a complete change in the direction of movement of the bodies of the tubers and their loading into the lower part of the shaker 2 of vibrating action occurs. Here, the root tuber bodies are finally involved in another shaking oscillatory movement, which is provided by shaker 2, which is carried out already in another, i.e. perpendicular plane, but already less intensively, i.e. with a lower frequency of oscillations. Thus, due to the fact that the main shaker 2 of vibrating action is installed on two elastic supports 4 and is kinematically connected to the mechanism 5 of its oscillating movements with a frequency of oscillations mi, because the bodies of root vegetables are caught by pairs of brushes C and directed outside the shaker

2 vibration action. The root tuber bodies, after passing through pairs of drive brushes Z with short elastic rods and completely cleaning their side surfaces from adhering soil, fall onto the canvas of the finger cleaning slide 13. The shaped screen 15 at the same time prevents the loss of root tuber bodies. Since the finger cleaning hill 13 is installed with an inclination at an angle to the horizon, the root crops roll down its surface (as round bodies), and other components of the pile (small soil impurities and plant remains that are not capable of rolling) are captured by its fingers and rise up finally leave the cleaning area.

The root crops then fall onto the conveyor belt 14 and are finally transported by it into a bunker or into a vehicle. The kinematic characteristics of the vibration movements of the main shaker 2 of the pile of vibrating action and the shaker 6 should take into account the degree of contamination by impurities of the pile of roots and tubers, which is submitted for cleaning. So, in the case when a bunch of roots and tubers is submitted for cleaning (heavy, wet soil, the presence of rhizomes and other plant remains), the specified characteristics should be increased. However, the characteristics of the oscillating movements of the intensive shaker 6, especially its frequency of oscillations, should be greater than the similar frequency of oscillations of the shaker 2 of the pile of vibrating action. This is due to the fact that from the very beginning the bundle of roots and tubers is fed into the crusher 6 of intensive action and it is here that its destruction into separate components begins. After the root tuber bodies get rid of the adhering soil and impurities that accompany the movement of the root tuber bodies, they are already free (not connected to the root tuber), the kinematic characteristics of the oscillatory movements (that is, the frequency of oscillations mi) should already have smaller values. This will prevent excessive trauma to the root tuber bodies.

The use of the proposed method will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning by 25-30 95 and increase the cleaning productivity by 2 times.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes transportation of the pile, its vibrational shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies and subsequent unloading, which is characterized by the fact that before the main vibrational shaking of the pile of root vegetables, intensive preliminary shaking in the lateral direction with the help of an additional powerful shaker, then the bodies of the root vegetables have impact contacts with a spring-loaded continuous curved surface, due to which the bodies of the root vegetables change the direction of movement, and they are given the last shaking in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the previous shaking. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes a feeding conveyor, a pile breaker of vibrating action with a lower arc-shaped outlet formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, separating bodies in the form of an inclined cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that inside the pile crusher of vibrating action, an additional intensive crusher with a column-shaped shape is installed from above, the lower exit hole of which is directed at a perpendicular angle to the similar opening of the main crusher, a cantilever-mounted sloping board of a curvilinear shape is installed under the outlet end of the additional intensive crusher, the upper end of which is rotatably installed in a fixed hinge and is spring-loaded on both sides by tension springs, while the frequency of the oscillating movements of the additional intensive shaker is greater than the similar frequency of oscillations of the main retoucher