UA82810C2 - Method for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots and unit for carrying out thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A method fot transporting and cleaning tuberous roots and a device for carrying out thereof. A method includes transporting a heap, spreading thereof, delivering onto cleaned working elements, cleaning from soil and vegetative admixtures and removing the cleaned tuberous roots. Immediately after spreading bodies of tuberous roots are separated and during transporting thereof adhered soil is forcedly rubbed off with the aid of a centrifugal cleaner and fine soil dirt and vegetative remains are immediately removed vibrationally. The unit for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots consists of the main frame, a feed conveyer, a buffle brush, a heap cleaner arranged in series and also of an unloading conveyer. In doing so the heap cleaner has the drop-like cross profile made of round rods, fixed on the upper auxiliary frame with gaps, inside of which comb tuberous root guides are immovably fixed as two inclined planes, having fixed longitudinal gaps between each other from above and on the sides with the internal surface of the cleaner. In doing so in the lower part of the cleaner on the outer side two drive beaters, elastic blades of which are arranged between the round rods of the cleaner and directed inside thereof, are mounted and driving shafts of the beaters are connected with drives of rotational movement in counter-rotational direction.

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used for transporting and cleaning root vegetables from soil and plant impurities.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root and potato harvesting machines, and which include operations: feeding a pile of dug root and tuber crops to separating working bodies, spreading the pile through working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities and unloading it into a vehicle See. for example, the book: Avanesov Yu.B. Bessarabov

V.Y., Rusanov I.I. "Beet harvesting machines!". - M.: Kolos, 19791.

The closest to the proposed method is the method, which consists of the operations of feeding a pile of dug root vegetables to the separating working bodies, spreading the pile of root vegetables along the working bodies and interacting with the active dispersing working bodies, and unloading the cleaned root vegetables into a vehicle, see the book: "Beet harvesting machines!. Design and calculation",

Pogorelii L.V. and others K.: Technika, 1983. - p. 38, fig. 10 - analogues.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning, due to the fact that the pile of roots and tubers together with soil and plant impurities, without being dispersed, is fed successively at a constant speed to different types of working bodies with different throughputs, which slows down the work process, and the roots and tubers together with impurities (from mixed with impurities) pass from one cleaning working body to another practically without separating. The removal of soil and plant impurities is significantly slowed down due to the fact that the speed of transportation and cleaning at all stages of cleaning remains unchanged.

The closest to the device that implements the proposed method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device (a.s. of the USSR Me1752240, АО1017/04, АО1027/04, publ. 07.08.1992, bull. Me29 - a prototype that includes a separating working body, which consists of successively installed different types of cleaners, behind which a transverse bar conveyor is installed, above (and under which) cleaning brush units with elastic blades are installed.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber crops being cleaned passes from one cleaning working body to another in a large mass with a constant speed of transportation (and cleaning) without actually being dispersed and separated. The most important physical feature, such as the specific gravity of the various components of the separating pile, is actually not used anywhere in this device. It is not always possible to disperse and subsequently separate a large mass of piles fed to the cleaning device due to the limited cleaning time. In the case of the presence of a large amount of plant remains during the cleaning of root and tuber crops, in the form of plant stems, remains of bran, rhizomes, leaves, the effective operation of the prototype becomes impossible, due to excessive and frequent clogging of the cleaning working organs with such impurities. The cleaning of roots and tubers from soil and plant residues at the same speed leads to the fact that the process of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers is not activated in any way and actually has very low quality indicators.

The invention aims to improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities.

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that, according to the invention, in the method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to cleaning working bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal of cleaned root vegetables, according to the invention, the bodies of root vegetables are separated immediately after dispersion and during their transportation is forced with the help of an indenter cleaner to clean the stuck soil and immediately vibrationally remove small soil impurities and plant remains, and in the device for implementing the method, which contains a main frame, a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, an inclined pile cleaner, a finger cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor , according to the invention, the pile cleaner has a drop-shaped cross-section, which is made of round bars fixed on the upper auxiliary frame with gaps, inside which the comb-shaped diverters of root and tuber crops are immovably fixed in the form of two inclined planes, which have fixed longitudinal gaps between each other from above and from the sides with the inner surface of the cleaner, while two drive beaters are installed in the lower part of the cleaner from its outer side, the elastic blades of which are located between the round bars of the cleaner and are directed into its middle, and the drive shafts of the beaters are connected to drives in a rotational movement in the counter-rotational direction.

Thus, a new separate operation is introduced to the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil impurities and plant residues for the immediate forced separation of root crop bodies from the general heap after its dispersion. This separation and simultaneous cleaning of root and tuber crops is achieved thanks to the indenter cleaner, which in the process of transporting the bodies of root and tuber crops cleans the adhering soil and vibrates away small soil impurities and plant remains. This new operation makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities, since the existing methods do not provide for such a separation, and the cleaning of root and tuber bodies from impurities by known methods occurs by catching and removing impurities from the general pile of the entire pile, in which the root and tuber bodies are inside the impurities. In addition, the root tuber bodies separated from the general heap are cleaned from the stuck-on soil by the dedenture method, which also very effectively removes soil impurities and plant residues from the cleaning area.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method is schematically shown in Fig. 1 - a general side view. Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1.

The proposed device has a main frame 1, a feed conveyor 2, a deflecting brush C with elastic bars, an inclined pile cleaner having a drop-shaped cross-section, which is made of round bars 4, the ends of which are fixed with gaps A on the upper auxiliary frame 5. Inside the cleaner , along its entire length, immovably fixed comb deflectors of 6 root vegetables in the form of two inclined planes, which have fixed longitudinal gaps between themselves on top and on the sides with the inner surface of the cleaner, that is, their lower ends have gaps with the inner surface of the cleaner and the central one between their upper parts , which are equal to the size of / (which is determined by the average size of root tuber bodies). Each of the rectifiers 6 is made of rods 7, which have Lee gaps between them. In the lower part of the cleaner from its outer side, two drive beaters 8 are installed, the elastic blades 9 of which are located between the round rods 4 of the cleaner and are directed to the lower part of its middle, and their drive shafts are connected to the drives (not shown) in a rotational movement in the opposite direction -rotational direction. The upper end of the auxiliary frame 5 is installed in the cylindrical hinge 10, and the lower end, by means of the rod 11, is kinematically connected to the drive 12 in an oscillating motion in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Under the cleaner there is a finger cleaning slide 13 inclined, and under its lower end there is a horizontal discharge conveyor 14. The directions of translational and rotational movements of the working bodies of the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. After digging, the pile of roots and tubers is fed using the feeding conveyor 2. The deflecting brush C with elastic rods is installed on the main frame 1 in such a way that it reflects this flow downwards, partially crushing and dispersing it and directing it inside the inclined cleaner of the pile, which has a drop-shaped transverse profile. Since the cleaner is made of round bars 4, the ends of which are fixed with gaps A on the upper auxiliary frame 5, the partially crushed pile is inside a closed lattice space. Due to the fact that the upper end of the auxiliary frame 5 is installed in the cylindrical hinge 10, and the lower end, with the help of a rod 11, is kinematically connected to the drive 12 in an oscillating movement in the longitudinal-vertical plane, the parts of the pile also perform an oscillating movement in the longitudinal-vertical plane plane If we take into account that the heap cleaner has a teardrop-shaped cross-section, then the heap parts slide along the round bars 4 and impurities - soil and plant matter - are effectively removed through the gaps A.

However, despite the fluctuations in the longitudinal-vertical plane of the pile cleaner, in its middle there are immovably fixed comb straighteners of 6 rhizomes in the form of two inclined planes, which have fixed longitudinal gaps / between themselves from above and from the sides with the inner surface of the cleaner. This allows, during the vibrations of the pile cleaner, to forcefully push through and separate the bodies of root vegetables from the bottom during their transportation downwards under the action of its own weight along the entire length of the pile cleaner.

Since the dimensions of the gaps | are determined by the average size of root tuber bodies, then only root tuber bodies fall into the lower part of the pile cleaner. In addition, each of the straighteners 6 is made of rods 7, which have Lee gaps between them, which allows you to break and separate solid soil formations downwards and cover the stuck soil from the bodies of root crops. Having found themselves in the lower part of the cleaner, the bodies of root and tuber fruits move downwards and forcefully with the help of a centrifugal cleaner, which consists of two drive beaters 8, which have elastic blades 9, which are located between the round rods 4 of the cleaner and are directed to the middle of its lower part, and often clean the adhering soil from their surfaces . The drive shafts of the beaters 8 have rotational movements in the counter-rotational direction, which contributes to the effective rotation of the bodies of root and tuber crops inside the lower part of the heap cleaner and, in addition, taking into account the oscillations of the frame 5, thanks to the vibration drive 12, small soil impurities and plant remains are immediately vibrationally removed through the gaps A. When the upper auxiliary frame 5 oscillates, thanks to the thrust 11 and the drive 12, and, accordingly, the rods 4, the bodies of root vegetables located in the lower part of the pile cleaner are pressed against the guides 6 from above, and their movement is inhibited for a certain period of time, and the elastic blades 9 of the beaters 8 at this maximally enter through the gaps A inside the lower part of the pile cleaner, which will contribute to the lateral cleaning of their side surfaces from adhering soil. Moving in this way, the root tuber bodies reach the very bottom of the pile cleaner, almost completely getting rid of impurities. After that, the root tuber bodies finally leave the pile cleaner and fall onto the web of the finger cleaning slide 13. Due to the fact that the vast majority of the root tuber bodies are round in shape and as solid bodies, they roll down the web of the finger cleaning slide 13, and soil impurities and plant residues are captured by the fingers of the slide 13 and carried out through its upper end outside the cleaner. After that, the roots and tubers, already completely cleaned of impurities, fall on the unloading conveyor 14 and are loaded into a hopper or into a vehicle. The dimensions of the gaps A between the round bars 4 should not be larger than the minimum dimensions of the bodies of root vegetables.

The dimensions of gaps A: should have such a value that ensures the passage of small soil impurities through them.

The combed surfaces of the straighteners 6 are created by rods 7 and have gaps between them A: they should destroy strong soil formations and cover the adhering soil from the bodies of root crops without damaging them. The frequency and amplitude of oscillating movements in the longitudinal-vertical plane of the upper auxiliary frame 5, which is created with the help of traction 11 and drive 12, should be such that the pile of root vegetables will be intensively shaken regardless of its condition (solidity and moisture). Other variants of devices for using this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables are also possible.

The use of this method will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities by 25...3090.

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Claims (2)

1. The method of transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to cleaning work bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal of cleaned root and tuber crops, which is distinguished by the fact that immediately after dispersion, the bodies of root and tuber crops are separated and during their transportation, they are forcibly with the help of a centrifugal cleaner, the stuck-on soil is cleaned and immediately vibrationally removes small soil impurities and plant remains. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which consists of a main frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a pile cleaner, as well as a discharge conveyor, which is set in series, and which is distinguished by the fact that the pile cleaner has a drop-shaped cross-section, which is made of round bars fixed on the upper auxiliary frame with gaps, inside which the comb-shaped guides of root and tuber fruits are immovably fixed in the form of two inclined planes that have fixed longitudinal gaps between each other on top 1 on the sides with the inner surface of the cleaner, while two drive beaters are installed in the lower part of the cleaner from its outer side , the elastic blades of which are located between the round rods of the cleaner and are directed into its middle, and the drive shafts of the beaters are connected to the drives in a rotational movement in the counter-rotational direction.