UA119119C2 - METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLBREEDS AND DEVICES FOR ITS PERFORMANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and device for transportation and purification of root crops is related to agricultural machinery, in particular to mechanization of agricultural production. and the device differs from those already known by the fact that a twisted cylindrical spring is coupled to a drive in rotational motion over which it is in the horizon lnyh guides mounted vibration drummer in the form of movable arm comprising two arms directed inwards twisted springs with rollers on the ends. In this case, one end of the bracket rests on a compression spring, and the other contains a roller, freely mounted on its own axis, which is kinematically linked to the mechanism of impact. A method and apparatus for transporting and purifying root crops provides improved efficiency in cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

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The invention belongs to the field of mechanization of agricultural production, in particular, it relates to the methods used in the transportation of root and tuber crops and simultaneously ensure their cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

A known method of transporting and cleaning root crops (beet root crops), the essence of which is the transportation and cleaning of sugar beet root crops removed from the soil, which occurs individually for each row of root crops, provided that the conical bodies of the beet root crops are directed with their heads forward, as well as their unloading (patent of the Russian Federation Mo 2144759, AO10 91/02, publ. 01.27.2000, Bull. 3).

The disadvantages of this method of transporting and cleaning sugar beet root crops include the complexity of the operation of orienting the conical bodies of the root crops with the heads forward, since the latter have different sizes, mass, and angles at the tops of their conical forms. This is especially felt in the case when the bodies of root crops after their extraction contain a lot of strongly adhered soil. There are also cases of injury to the bodies of roots and tubers (especially sugar beet roots) during the operation of orienting them with their heads forward.

The closest to the proposed one is "Method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables" in Patent RF Mo 2400048, IPC AO10 91/02, publ. 09/27/2010, Bull. 27 is the closest analogue, which consists of the operations of supplying a pile of root vegetables to the cleaning working bodies, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and final unloading. At the same time, an additional operation is performed, which ensures the cleaning of the elements of the cleaning working bodies themselves from wet, sticky soil.

The disadvantages of using this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables include the low quality of cleaning the conical bodies of root vegetables from sticky soil, which is due to the fact that the bodies of root vegetables can move forward with their heads, that is, their wider parts. In this case, the thinner tail parts of the roots will be in contact with the cleaning working organs (brushes) for a shorter time than if the conical bodies of the roots moved forward with their tail parts. All this in general leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops from adhering soil. In addition, in the same case, damage to the heads of root crops is possible, since the ends of the elastic working organs are captured and their subsequent pushing

This will occur with significant deformation of the most elastic elements of the cleaning working bodies. In the case when the bodies of the root crops move, being located transversely during such operations, high-quality cleaning of their side surfaces from adhering soil is not guaranteed at all.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in the patent of the Russian Federation Mo 2400048, IPC AOTO 91/02, publ. 09/27/2010, Bulletin 27 - the closest analogue, which consists of a feeding conveyor (it can have the form of a separate transport element of the tray type, installed from each digging working body), above the outlet end of which, with a corresponding gap, cleaning working bodies are installed in the form of a drive cleaning brush formed by elastic rods, on top of which is placed a twisted cylindrical spring, which is located parallel to the axis of the cleaning brush and is driven into a longitudinal reciprocating vibration movement in the direction along the axis of the cleaning brush (that is, it is periodically compressed and straightened). Thus, the coiled cylindrical spring either compresses or stretches and contacts the elastic rods of the cleaning brush below, cleaning its elastic rods from the stuck soil. The drive of the cylindrical spring in reciprocating movements is carried out with the help of crank and connecting rod and rocker mechanisms.

This analogue works in such a way that the bodies of root and tuber crops are fed by a feeding conveyor (or a tray-type transport element) and, falling into the area of action of the driven cleaning brush, are captured by its elastic rods, cleaned of adhering soil and unloaded. Due to the fact that soil residues (especially wet) and some plant remains can stick to the elastic rods of the driving cleaning brush, a cylindrical spring is installed on top, which is located parallel to the axis of the cleaning brush and is driven into a longitudinal reciprocating vibration movement in the direction along the axis of the cleaning brush with the help of crank and rocker mechanisms, cleans these residues, cleaning the elastic rods of the cleaning brush. At the same time, the twisted cylindrical spring somewhat slows down the rotational movement of the cleaning brush, creating a certain braking.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning the roots and tubers from impurities, because, despite the cleaning of the elastic rods of the driven cleaning brush from stuck soil, the interaction of the roots and tubers with the cleaning working body occurs only from above. as a result of this, only certain sides of the tubers (upper) are cleaned, since the lower ones are in contact only with the feed conveyor belt. To drive a cylindrical spring in reciprocating motion, quite complex crank-connecting and rocker mechanisms are used. Since one of the ends of the coiled cylindrical spring is immovably fixed on the frame, and its other end is fixed on the end of the lever of the rocker mechanism, the amount of axial deformation of the spring will be quite limited, and therefore the part of the spring located closer to the end of its immovable fixing is not able to to deform, that is, to move in the axial direction. The efficiency of these mechanisms is also questionable, because with a small compression of a twisted cylindrical spring, such movements in the direction of the longitudinal axis are quite possible, but in the case of applying greater forces to the spring, that is, its deformation by a greater amount, it will bend (its middle part will bulge and change the rectilinear direction to the lateral one), and not shrink. In this case, its cleaning properties are completely eliminated. Deformation of a twisted cylindrical spring in the direction of its longitudinal axis is possible only by a very small amount.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities.

The task is solved by the method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes transportation of a pile of roots and tubers, their interaction with cleaning working bodies, cleaning of the cleaning bodies themselves with a twisted cylindrical spring and unloading. According to the invention, the twisted cylindrical spring is involved in a forced rotational movement around its own axis and is additionally shaken in the direction of its longitudinal axis with the help of a vibrating impactor.

In the device for the implementation of this method, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, above the output end of which a cleaning brush formed by round elastic rods is installed with a corresponding gap, on top of which a twisted cylindrical spring and an unloading conveyor are installed. According to the invention, a twisted cylindrical spring is connected to the drive in a rotary motion, above it in the horizontal direction is installed a vibrating shock absorber in the form of a movable bracket, containing two levers directed inside the twisted spring, with rollers at the ends, while one of the ends of the bracket rests on the compression spring, and the second contains a roller freely mounted on its own axis, which is kinematically connected to the impact mechanism.

Thus, a new operation is added to the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables from impurities, to provide the cleaning working bodies, in this case a twisted cylindrical spring, with forced rotational movement around its own axis. This forced rotational movement of the cleaning working body, in particular the cylindrical spring, cleans the actual cleaning working bodies from soil impurities and plant residues much better. In addition, the cleaning working bodies are provided with a fundamentally new operation for their additional shock shaking. At the same time, during the cleaning of the working organs formed by a twisted cylindrical spring, these additional impact shocks are provided in the direction of its longitudinal axis with the help of a vibrating impactor. The operation of shock shaking of soil impurities and plant residues from the cleaning devices, in particular from the twisted cylindrical spring, ensures its almost complete cleaning, which, in turn, will very effectively clean the main cleaning working organs for the roots and tubers that are submitted for cleaning.

The device with which it is proposed to implement this method is schematically shown in fig. 1 - general side view. In fig. 2 shows view A in fig. 1.

The device, with the help of which it is proposed to implement this method, has a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, in the form of separate transport elements of the tray type, installed near each excavating working body. Above the output end of the feed conveyor 2 with a corresponding gap, cleaning working bodies are installed in the form of a drive (drive not shown) cleaning brush C, formed by long round elastic rods.

Above the brush C is a twisted cylindrical spring 4, which is installed with the possibility of rotational movements and is connected to the drive (not shown) in the indicated rotational movement around its own axis. The lower ends of the spirals of the coiled spring 4 are actually in the upper part of the brush

With, that is, inside her long round elastic rods. Above the twisted cylindrical spring 4 is a vibrating shock absorber 5 in the form of a bracket installed in horizontal guides b, which allow it to move forward (reciprocating) along the specified guides 6. The vibrating shock absorber 5 in the form of a movable bracket contains two levers 7 directed inside the twisted springs 4 and contain rollers 8 at their ends.

One of the ends of the movable arm of the vibrating impactor 5 rests on the compression spring 9, and the other end contains a roller 10, freely mounted on its own axis. On the side where the roller 10 is located, there is a vibrating impact mechanism 11, which has a striker 12, which is in contact with the roller 10. In the lower space between the output end of the feeding conveyor 2 and the cleaning brush C, an unloading conveyor 13 is installed. The upper side space from the end of the unloading conveyor 13 closed by a protective shaped screen 14. The directions of the translational movement of the bodies of root vegetables, as well as the rotational and oscillating movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

The device works like this. During operation, the feeding conveyor 2 (which can be in the form of individual tray-type transport elements installed near each digging working body) feeds a pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned and falls into the area of action of the driven cleaning brush 3, formed by long elastic rods. The long elastic rods of the drive cleaning brush C, which are attached to the feed conveyor 2 with a suitable gap, capture the bodies of root vegetables, cleaning their side surfaces from above from the stuck soil and then push them further. But the ends of the long elastic rods of the driven cleaning brush Z capture soil particles, plant residues, rhizomes and involve them in a joint rotational movement, as a result of which the specified tails can again be on top of the feed conveyor belt 2. But due to the fact that from above above the driven cleaning brush Z a twisted cylindrical spring 4 is located, then the ends of the long elastic rods of the cleaning brush 3, entering the space between the turns of the cylindrical spring 4, come into contact with its spiral winding, as a result of which a significant part of soil impurities and plant residues are cleaned by the spiral winding of the spring 4. However, in due to the fact that the twisted cylindrical spring 4 is installed with the possibility of rotational movements and is connected to the drive in the specified rotational movement around its own axis, the process of cleaning impurities from the long elastic rods of the cleaning brush Z is significantly activated. The coils of the cylindrical spring 4 move across the long elastic rods of the brush 3, and also due to the rotational movement of the elastic rods of the brush Z, mechanical contacts between the rods and the cylindrical spring 4 occur in two planes (in the plane of rotation of the rods of the brush Z and in the horizontal plane), this significantly increases the cleaning quality of the long elastic rods of the cleaning brush 3. However, if the pile of root tuber bodies submitted for cleaning has a lot of wet, sticky soil and a significant amount of plant residues, rhizomes, etc., then even such a complex mechanical contact of the ends of the long elastic rods of the cleaning brush C and coils of a cylindrical spring 4 no

ZO rids the cleaning brush З of stuck (especially those inside between the elastic bars) impurities, and therefore above the twisted cylindrical spring 4 there is a vibrating impactor 5 in the form of a bracket installed in horizontal guides 6, which allow it to move forward along the indicated guides 6. At the same time, the twisted cylindrical spring 4 is divided thanks to the frame 1 into two short parts, in each of which the levers 7 are directed, which are fixed on the bracket of the vibrating hammer 5. At the same time, the ends of the levers 7, which are directed inside the twisted spring 4, contain rollers 8 at their ends, which are in contact with the rollers or their parts with the coils of the spring 4. Since one of the ends of the movable arm of the vibrating impactor 5 rests on the compression spring 9, and the other end contains the roller 10, freely mounted on its own axis, on the side where the roller 10 is located, a vibrating impact mechanism 11, which has a striker 12, which is in contact with the roller 10, then the bracket of the vibrating impactor 5 performs periodic shock movements, which are transmitted through the brackets 7 and rollers 8 to the coils of the coiled spring 4. This creates additional periodic (vibration) shock shaking of the coils of the spring 4, which finally releases (shakes off) parts of soil impurities and plant residues from the long elastic ends of the cleaning brush 3. In general, this significantly improves the quality of cleaning from impurities of the cleaning working organs of the device, in this case, the cleaning brush 3, which will also contribute to the improvement of the quality of cleaning the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities. Next, the root tuber bodies finally pass through the cleaning device. After that, the root tuber bodies, cleaned of free soil impurities and plant remains, as well as of adhering soil, end up on the unloading conveyor 13, which loads them into a hopper or into a vehicle. To prevent the loss of roots and tubers, a protective shaped screen 14 is installed. The vibration mechanism 11 can create shock pulses of different frequency and amplitude for the vibration impactor bracket 5. So, if a heavy pile is submitted for cleaning (that is, a pile consisting of sticky and wet soil, stones, a significant number of rhizomes, green sprouts of chickpeas and other plant impurities) of root and tuber crops, the frequency of shock-oscillating movements should be increased. The stiffness of the compression spring 9 is also selected according to the physical and mechanical condition of the pile of roots and tubers submitted for cleaning. Thus, shock pulses of the amplitude should completely shake off the soil and other plant remains stuck to the end of the long elastic rods of the cleaning brush Z. There are also other variants of devices that are able to implement this method of transportation and 60 cleaning of root and tuber crops from impurities.

The application of the proposed method will improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A method of transporting and cleaning roots and tubers, which includes transportation of a pile of roots and tubers, their interaction with the cleaning working bodies, cleaning of the cleaning working bodies with a twisted cylindrical spring and unloading, which is characterized by the fact that the twisted cylindrical spring is involved in a forced rotational movement around its own axis, and additionally are shaken in the direction of its longitudinal axis with the help of a vibrating impactor. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, above the outlet end of which a cleaning brush is installed with a corresponding gap, formed by round elastic rods, on top of which a twisted cylindrical spring is installed, and an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that the twisted cylindrical spring connected to the drive in a rotational movement, above which a vibrating impactor is installed in the horizontal guides in the form of a movable bracket, containing two levers directed inside the coiled spring, with rollers at the ends, while one of the ends of the bracket rests on the compression spring, and the other contains a roller, freely mounted on its own axis, which is kinematically connected to the impact mechanism. ooo b OC (C TSO nn p nyu OO - o go py : pk i o AK / gu : A. a OKO p ny p V SE Ko ion PIGHKOVKh p t t her p PE her POV eh A s doshnnnnnk Z pon r Oko Ж КАТ with Я. Fig. 1 В хх х х Z As in PEOE ЖEO VETO E OT ОЕЕЕЕОВЯ о ; in Kom i Z i: Her 5 sha Z PEK pY As her Still te i u sho Du I t PKOZHO; yah Ka y y V Ka Zh Ka Pd PO OA I PEN ; : PI This PMK PE a I Ka Ka shZ scha a Z u OV NN pev ShK Ka x : MO x sya en NN o Y z KY KP Kl shvu a S NE KK Ж shcha shcha KIT JI VNIM I piku PC Vo s KK KK КК КК ОО and, учи ПВ я KE about EE DAO and ee about M NVK KV A MN about VE venya GO still p. A ro p. AOYA A y Pe o y Kai AK KA and Z Am o Z S. u y ; kan / Z U K KE I o nn y ikh lt y ky y Ky PANE enny Ai, Poet still. : и Кк I AND и ! Ku A p AN ; M KU PE p Her a : : NN Von NN VO N KE rBISHeE Va v o V KE VO NE VN : Kesh e meh PPSHPILYPIMOYLINII PLYNY KO reooe nie i vna shi o We V izny ne vin KU TE ooo Z i M nyny Z OK o ooo A DN NE DN PC: in Z Ve nernnnnnia ZE NN YAN I ia ov v i i IK A NE PES ZE NEK As NNYA I OO A ECO VVE: On the prov shta PEK in ŽI and PC ; y o o p I Pr Y En ve no i no p p t PO ko PO DV PEJOENENYA: ko PIIIIH PIPYl PPPPIIIT KPK KK KV UK TUYU TT KKU UM PM UK m ХК TK en Z y KO p: H ve PE ve V SHI i them p SHE DE Z Pt lomy not nn i oyu Fig. 2