UA120012C2 - METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULL FRUITS AND DEVICES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of transporting and cleaning root crops and a device for its implementation. The method includes transporting a heap of root crops to the cleaning working bodies, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning bodies, cleaning the cleaning working bodies themselves and unloading the root crops. Moreover, the bodies of root crops before the main cleaning are pre-stretched with appropriate force between two elastic surfaces moving in different directions, then cleaned in compressed form from the sticky soil and at the same time clean the brush rods from impurities by the drive cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithm. The device includes a frame made in the form of separate trays feed conveyor, over the outlet end of which with a corresponding gap is a cleaning brush formed by round elastic rods, a brush cleaner and an unloading conveyor. In front of the cleaning brush, with a gap above the blade of the feed conveyor, above each of the trays, on an inclined drive shaft mounted cleaner made in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral having an upward winding direction, while the side of the spiral forms an angle with the feeder. , its lower end is located under the cleaning brush, and the upper end part is inside the front of the round elastic rods of the cleaning brush, and on the reverse side of the cleaning brush, obliquely installed additional reflective brushes of small diameter with short elastic rods.

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used in the transportation of root crops and ensuring their simultaneous cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

A known method of transporting and cleaning root crops (beet root crops), the essence of which consists in the transportation and cleaning of sugar beet root crops removed from the soil, which occurs individually for each of the rows of root crops, provided that the conical bodies of the beet root crops are first oriented with their heads forward, as well as their unloading (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144759, AO10 91/02, published on January 27, 2000, Bull. 3).

The disadvantages of this method of transporting and cleaning sugar beet root crops include the complexity of the operation of orienting the conical bodies of the root crops with the heads forward, since the latter have different sizes, mass, and angles at the tops of their conical forms. This is especially felt in the case when the bodies of root crops after their extraction contain a lot of strongly adhered soil. There are also cases of injury to the bodies of root crops (especially sugar beet roots) during the operation of orienting them with their heads forward.

The closest to the proposed one is "Method of transportation and cleaning of root crops", the essence of which is found in Patent RF Mo 2400048, IPC AO10 91/02, publ. 09/27/2010, Bull. 27 is the closest analogue, which consists of the operations of supplying a pile of root vegetables to the cleaning working bodies, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and final unloading. An additional operation is introduced here, which ensures the cleaning of the elements of the cleaning working bodies themselves.

The disadvantages of using this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables include the low quality of cleaning the conical bodies of root vegetables from sticky soil, which is due to the fact that the bodies of root vegetables can only move forward with their heads, that is, their wider parts. In this case, the thinner tails of the roots will be in contact with the cleaning working organs (brushes) for a much shorter period of time than if the conical bodies of the roots moved forward with their tails. All this in general leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops from adhering soil. In addition, in the same case, damage to the heads of root crops is possible, since the ends of the elastic working organs are caught and

In the future, their pushing will occur with significant deformation of the most elastic elements of the cleaning working bodies. In the case when the bodies of root crops will move, being located across, the use of operations of this method does not at all guarantee high-quality cleaning of their side surfaces from adhering soil.

The device closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device specified in the Russian Patent No. 2400048, IPC AOTO 91/02, publ. 09/27/2010, Bull. 27 - the closest analogue, which consists of a feeding conveyor (can be made in the form of a separate transport element of the tray type, installed near each excavating working body), above the outlet end of which, with a corresponding gap, cleaning working bodies are installed in the form of a driven cleaning brush formed elastic rods, on top of which is placed a twisted cylindrical spring, which is located parallel to the axis of the cleaning brush, and which is driven into a longitudinal reciprocating vibrational movement in the direction - along the axis of the cleaning brush (that is, it is periodically compressed and then straightened).

Thus, the coiled cylindrical spring either compresses or stretches and contacts the elastic rods of the cleaning brush below, cleaning its elastic rods from the stuck soil.

The drive of the cylindrical spring in reciprocating movements is carried out with the help of crank and connecting rod and rocker mechanisms.

The closest analogue works in such a way that the bodies of root vegetables are fed by a feeding conveyor (or a tray-type transport element) and reaching its ends, i.e. falling into the area of action of the driven cleaning brush, are captured by its elastic rods, cleaned of adhering soil and unloaded. Due to the fact that soil residues (especially wet) can stick to the most elastic rods of the driven cleaning brush, a cylindrical spring is installed on top, which is located parallel to the axis of the cleaning brush, and which is driven into a longitudinal reciprocating vibration movement in the direction along the axis of the cleaning brush, with the help of crank and rocker mechanisms, cleans these residues, cleaning the elastic rods of the cleaning brush. At the same time, the twisted cylindrical spring slightly slows down the rotational movement of the cleaning brush.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, since, despite the cleaning of the elastic rods of the driven cleaning brush from adhering soil, the interaction of root and tuber crops with the cleaning working body occurs only from above. because As a result, only the upper sides of the tubers are cleaned, since the lower ones are in contact only with the feed conveyor belt. To drive the cylindrical spring in reciprocating motion, quite complex crank-connecting and rocker mechanisms are used. Since one of the ends of the coiled cylindrical spring is immovably fixed on the frame, and the other - on the end of the lever of the rocker mechanism, the amount of axial deformation of the spring will be quite limited, and therefore the part of the spring that is located closer to the end of its immovable fixing is not able to deform at all. that is, move in the axial direction. The efficiency of these mechanisms is also questionable, since with a small compression of the twisted cylindrical spring such movements in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the target are possible, but in the case of applying greater forces to the spring, i.e. its deformation by a greater amount, it will bend (its middle part will bulge and change the rectilinear direction to the lateral one), and not shrink. In this case, its cleaning properties are completely eliminated. Deformations of a twisted cylindrical spring in the direction of its longitudinal axis are possible only by a small amount.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

To implement the task, a method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables is proposed, which includes transportation of a pile of root vegetables, their interaction with the cleaning working bodies, cleaning of the cleaning bodies themselves and unloading. According to the invention, before the main cleaning, the root tuber bodies are pre-stretched with the appropriate force between two elastic surfaces that move in different directions, then in a compressed form they are cleaned of adhering soil and at the same time the brush rods are cleaned of impurities with a drive cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral.

In the device for the implementation of this method, which includes a frame, a feed conveyor, which is made in the form of separate trays, above the outlet end of which, with a corresponding gap, a cleaning brush formed by round elastic rods, a brush cleaner and an unloading conveyor is installed. According to the invention, in front of the cleaning brush, with a gap above the feed conveyor, above each of the trays, on the inclined drive shaft, a cleaner is installed, made in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral, which has an upward winding direction, while the side part of the spiral forms an angle with the feed conveyor , its lower end is located under the cleaning brush, and the upper one

The end part is located inside the front part of the round elastic rods of the cleaning brush, and on the back side of the cleaning brush, additional small-diameter chopper brushes with short elastic rods are installed obliquely.

Thus, to the existing set of operations of transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables from impurities, a new operation of pre-stretching the bodies of root vegetables before the main cleaning is added. This operation, which takes place under the conditions of applying appropriate efforts to the bodies of root and tuber crops, contributes to the very active destruction of the soil stuck to the bodies of root and tuber crops, the cleaning of sprouts from their lateral surfaces, the general destruction of strong soil formations, crushing and separation of the pile into separate components. This is achieved due to the fact that this operation is carried out by a drive cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral. It is the use of a conical logarithmic spiral that creates conditions when the bodies of root vegetables are involved in both rotational and axial movements. In addition, the bodies of root vegetables move when they are fed, that is, in a different direction.

Thus, the root tuber bodies are stretched with appropriate efforts in different planes, which significantly increases the efficiency of cleaning the root tuber bodies from impurities.

After that, the bodies of root and tuber fruits are compressed from different sides and simultaneously stretched between the indicated planes and, already in a compressed form, are immediately submitted to the main cleaning, i.e. immediately after that, the next operation for the main cleaning of the bodies of root and tuber fruits from adhering soil and other soil impurities and plant residues begins immediately.

There is also an operation for guaranteed cleaning of the round elastic rods of the cleaning brush itself from impurities, precisely by the device that performs operations to provide pulling forces for the bodies of root vegetables, namely by the drive cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral.

The device with which it is proposed to implement this method is schematically shown in fig. 1 - general side view. In fig. 2 shows view A in fig. 1. In fig. C shows view B in fig. 1.

The device, with the help of which it is proposed to implement this method, has a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, in the form of separate transport elements of the tray type, which are installed near each excavating working body. A cleaning brush 3 formed by 60 long round elastic rods is installed above the output end of the feed conveyor 2, with a corresponding gap. But first, a cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral 5 (that is, one that has the shape of a conical logarithmic spiral) is installed above the feed conveyor 2, also with a gap, on the drive shaft 4, which is located at an angle and is mounted on the frame 1, which is placed on each of the trays ), which has an upward winding direction (that is, the winding direction is directed from the end of the spiral to its upper end part). At the same time, the side part of the spiral 5 forms an angle with the feed conveyor 2, its lower end (that is, the sharp end of the upper end part) is located in the space under the cleaning brush 3, and the upper end part is inside the front part of the long round elastic rods of the actual cleaning brush 3. Each of separate transport elements of the tray type, installed near each excavating working body, has side rectangular screens 6, of a certain height. In addition, on the back side of the cleaning brush C (slightly below its horizontal axis), two additional chopper drive (drive not shown) brushes 7 of small diameter with short elastic rods are obliquely installed. The unloading conveyor 8 is located in the lower back space. The directions of the translational movement of the bodies of root and tuber crops, as well as the rotational movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

This is how this device works. During operation, the feed conveyor 2 (which can be in the form of individual tray-type transport elements installed near each digging working body) feeds a pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned, and it falls into the area of operation installed in front (initially) above the feed conveyor 2 with a gap, obliquely located and mounted on the frame 1 drive shaft 4, cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral 5. Due to the fact that the side part of the spiral 5 forms an angle a with the feed conveyor 2, and its lower sharp end of the upper end part is located in space under the cleaning brush 3, then the parts of the pile and the bodies of the root vegetables are guaranteed to be drawn into the space between the side part of the spiral 5 and the feed conveyor 2. The bodies of the root vegetables begin to come into contact with the turns of the elastic conical logarithmic spiral 5 and are involved in two simultaneous movements: in the radial direction ( i.e. turns of the spiral 5 pressure the bodies of the root and tuber crops to the feed conveyor belt and involve them in a combined rotational movement) and in the axial direction (that is, directed in the direction of its drive shaft 4, but due to the inclined direction

From the location of the drive shaft 4 and the spiral itself 5) towards the cleaning brush 3, that is, actually into the space under the cleaning brush 3 itself. At the same time, the bodies of root vegetables lying on the surface of the feeding conveyor 2 (directly or through a layer of soil) continue to move in a straight line towards cleaning brush 3. Thus, in a pressed form, the bodies of root and tuber fruits are actually pre-stretched between two moving planes, i.e., the plane of the feeding conveyor 2 and the moving plane with complex (axial and radial movements) elastic conical logarithmic spiral 5, with the appropriate effort, and are then captured by long with the elastic ends of the rods of the cleaning brush Z, they are cleaned of stuck-on soil. The pre-stretching of the bodies of root and tuber fruits between two moving elastic planes also contributes to their certain rotation and, as a result, effective cleaning of the side surfaces not only from stuck soil, but also from sprouts of sedges, other plant parts, etc. from all sides. Each of the separate transport elements of the tray type, installed near each digging working body, has side rectangular screens 6, of a certain height, which prevent the loss of root tuber bodies when they are cleaned on the feeding conveyor 2. Root tuber bodies and crushed impurities after passing through the cleaning brush

Z move further and, due to the fact that on the back side of the cleaning brush Z, two additional small-diameter reflective brushes 7 with short elastic rods are installed obliquely, fall into their area of action. At the same time, two additional driving chopper brushes 7 are installed so that root vegetables, like solid bodies, are repelled by their short elastic rods and they immediately fall down. Small soil impurities and plant remains are thrown over a longer length into the space between the end of the feeding conveyor 2 and the beginning of the unloading conveyor 8, i.e. immediately beyond the cleaning boundary. The bodies of roots and tubers, almost completely cleaned of free soil impurities and plant remains, as well as of adhering soil, end up on the unloading conveyor 8, which loads them into a hopper or into a vehicle. The angular velocities of the rotational movements of the cleaning brush Z and the cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral 5 installed on the drive shaft 4, as well as additional small-diameter reflective brushes 7 with short elastic rods, are selected according to the state of the pile that is submitted for cleaning. So, in the case of cleaning a heavy pile, the angular speeds of rotation of these working bodies should be increased and vice versa. The elastic conical logarithmic spiral 5 can be made of a relatively strong wear-resistant material, while this material can have internal reinforcement, for example, an elastic wire. There are other options for devices that are able to implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The use of the proposed method will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities by 20-25 95.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes transporting a pile of root and tuber crops, their interaction with the cleaning working bodies, cleaning the cleaning working bodies themselves and unloading, which is characterized by the fact that before the main cleaning, the bodies of root and tuber crops are pre-stretched with the appropriate force between two elastic surfaces, which move in different directions, then in a compressed form they are cleaned of stuck-on soil and at the same time the brush rods are cleaned of impurities with a driven cleaner in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, which is made in the form of separate trays, above the outlet end of which, with a corresponding gap, a cleaning brush formed by round elastic rods, a brush cleaner and an unloading conveyor is installed, which is distinguished by , that in front of the cleaning brush, with a gap above the feed conveyor belt, above each of the trays, on the inclined drive shaft, a cleaner is installed, made in the form of an elastic conical logarithmic spiral, which has an upward winding direction, while the side part of the spiral forms an angle with the feed conveyor , its lower end is located under the cleaning brush, and the upper end part is inside the front part of the round elastic rods of the cleaning brush, and on the back side of the cleaning brush, additional small-diameter chopper brushes with short elastic rods are obliquely installed. in her village; with her A v o i o i A i NO u VV GNN nya 0 i i NO A M M M i s o that Ks Z Z pi, shi dich EK M s 0 so. M M M OO VO M i : p Fig. 1 You AS and EE - 0000000 KK se in S. ency M VO M V AV Zh u ni OO a: u a. in ОО ОН 000 and 00 same ССС В в Я VN NN VN p z. on the i-th YN o in POM. B pk Z shNNss: 000 i--0SSO o pi i pi i her! with 5. Fig. 2 Down B FOR INA sh- 1 Fig. WITH