UA128045C2 - A method of transportation and cleaning of root and tuberous crops and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production. At the end of transportation and at the beginning of the main cleaning, parts of the heap together with the bodies of root and tuberous crops are portioned and pulled separately with force through the cleaning surfaces while simultaneously applying additional destructive and cleaning forces to each captured portion. This operation is carried out from three sides with the help of a three-beam drive arm mounted coaxially with a bar cleaning brush and gripping cells at the ends in the form of three small-diameter drive brushes. After that, the destroyed parts of the heap and the body of the root and tuber crops are once again captured and thrown with acceleration, freeing up the transport area with an additional cylindrical brush with elastic rods. The bar cleaning brush is located closer to the end of the feed conveyor and a three-beam drive arm is coaxially mounted on its axis, at the ends of which there are arc-shaped cells in the form of three small-diameter drive brushes with short elastic rods, with the outermost brushes of each cell rotating in one direction, and the brushes located in the centers of the cells have the opposite direction of rotation. The directions of rotation of the bar cleaning brush and the three-beam drive arm are the same, and an additional cylindrical brush with elastic rods is installed at the very end of the feed conveyor with a gap. Technical result: improvement of the quality of cleaning root and tuberous vegetables from impurities by 10-12%.

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used in the transportation of root crops and ensuring their simultaneous cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

Most of the known methods of transportation and simultaneous cleaning of root vegetables from impurities include the basic operation of transporting a pile of root vegetables (a layer of soil of a certain mass, size and shape, inside which root vegetables are located as solid bodies, rhizomes, stones, parts of sedges, other plant impurities that should have been on the surface of the field and were captured together with the undermined layer of soil), which is obtained after excavation from the soil, during which other additional operations are performed, which make it possible to separate the components of the pile and clean the bodies of root crops from adhering soil and at the same time ensure the cleaning of the transporting and separating working bodies (see, for example, patent of Ukraine Mo 118937, Method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables and a device for its implementation, АО1О 91/02, publ. 25.03.2019, Byul. Mo b).

There is a known method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of root and tuber crops, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and the further removal of the separation components in opposite directions (patent of Ukraine Mo 119118, AOTO 91/02, publ. 04/25/2019, Byul. 8 - the closest analogue).

The disadvantages of this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables include the inability to effectively destroy and grind parts of the pile and the low quality of cleaning the side surfaces of root vegetables from adhering soil. These shortcomings are due to the fact that, despite the fact that at the end of transportation, the bodies of root crops move downward, and impurities (in the form of parts of the soil and plant residues) are captured by the ends of the rods and rise up, that is, they move in the other direction, in the case of separation of parts of a heavy pile (strong soil formations, intertwined rhizomes, stones, etc.) it does not actually break down and is not crushed, the removal of root tuber bodies from the pile is slow (and not always complete), and therefore the quality of their cleaning is significantly reduced.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in the patent of Ukraine Mo 119118, AO10 91/02, publ. 04/25/2019, Bul. 8 - the closest analog, which consists of a feed conveyor, above the output end of which

A driven cleaning brush with long elastic rods is installed on the outside of which there is a stationary cylindrical body in which a screw conveyor is placed for collecting and removing impurities.

The closest analogue works in such a way that parts of a pile of root vegetables are fed by the feeding conveyor and, reaching its end, fall into the area of action of the driven cleaning brush. The elastic rods of the brush destroy parts of the pile, grab the impurities with elastic rods and lift them up, and the bodies of root vegetables move down (under the influence of their own weight) and are finally unloaded.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning the roots and tubers from impurities, because, despite the cleaning of the most elastic rods of the driven cleaning brush from stuck soil, the interaction of the roots and tubers with the cleaning working body occurs only from above, that is, in one place. And this interaction takes place very quickly.

The elastic rods of the cleaning drive brush are not capable of effectively breaking up and shredding parts of the pile, especially in the case of transporting heavy soil that surrounds the bodies of root crops. Also, this device has a very limited ability to effectively clean the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in the method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of root vegetables, their interaction with the elements of cleaning working bodies and unloading, according to the invention, at the end of transportation and at the beginning of the main cleaning, parts of the pile together with the bodies of root vegetables are captured in portions and separately forcefully drawn through the cleaning surfaces while providing for each captured portion additional destructive and cleaning forces from three sides by means of a three-beam drive arm mounted coaxially with a rod cleaning brush and capturing cells at the ends in the form of three small diameter drive brushes, after that the destroyed parts of the pile and the bodies of root crops are once again captured and thrown with acceleration, freeing the transportation zone with the help of an additional cylindrical brush with elastic rods.

In the device for implementing this method, which includes a main frame, a feeding conveyor, above the output end of which a drive rod cleaning brush and an unloading conveyor are installed with a corresponding gap, according to the invention, the rod cleaning brush is located closer to the end of the feeding conveyor and on its axis coaxially a three-beam drive bracket is installed, at the ends of which arc-shaped cells are located in the form of three small-diameter drive brushes with short elastic rods, while the edge brushes of each cell have rotational movements in one direction, and the brushes located in the centers of the cells have the opposite direction of rotational movement , the directions of the rotary movements of the rod cleaning brush and the drive three-beam bracket are the same, and at the very end of the feed conveyor with a gap, an additional cylindrical brush with elastic rods is installed.

Thus, a new operation is introduced to the existing set of operations of transporting a pile of root vegetables, its interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and unloading, according to which almost at the end of transportation and at the beginning of the main cleaning, parts of the pile together with the bodies of root vegetables are captured in portions (actually separated from the total mass , supplied by a continuous flow) and kept for a certain time in a closed volume, continuing it separately from the rest of the general mass, transported and separately cleaned. At the same time, despite the fact that the captured separate portions of the pile will be inside the closed volume, one part of the specified volume allows you to forcefully pull the pile along the other cleaning surface with a certain effort. At the same time, well-known general operations continue to be performed with the help of well-known transport and cleaning work bodies. The physical meaning of the introduction and implementation of this new operation comes from the fact that the implementation of the well-known operations of transporting and cleaning roots and tubers from impurities, when the pile after digging out of the ground is fed by a large continuous stream, which is too difficult and inefficient to grind and separate into separate components (a separate part of the pile is definitely will be crushed, and most of it will remain a solid, intact pile). But, if separate portions are separated from the general flow of the pile, placed in a closed volume and individually transported and cleaned for a certain time, then this will be much more effective and will significantly increase the overall quality of cleaning the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities. Another new operation consists in the fact that, for a certain period of time, separate (small) portions of the captured parts of the pile are forcefully pulled through the cleaning surfaces, while providing for each captured portion additional destructive and

From cleaning separate efforts from three sides. It is from three sides that cleaning efforts in the middle of a closed volume are the fundamental difference between this method and the known ones. But here, a fourth cleaning effort is also applied from below during force pulling on the captured separate parts of the pile. These two new operations are performed using a three-beam drive arm with engaging cells at the ends in the form of three drive brushes of small diameter. And at the end of this method, the following new operation is carried out to once again capture the bodies of root crops (and some parts of the pile) and give them accelerations with which they rush for elastic blows to finally cover the sticky soil and release the transportation zone. This operation is carried out with the help of an additional brush and a stationary concave surface.

The device, with the help of which it is proposed to implement this method, is schematically depicted in the drawing - a general side view.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, with the help of which it is proposed to carry out this method, includes the main frame 1, on which the feeding conveyor 2, which has a horizontal location, is installed. Above the output end of the feed conveyor 2, closer to its end (but not at the very end), a rod cleaning brush 4 is installed on the drive axis Z, which has a corresponding gap A with the working branch of the feed conveyor 2. On the drive axis Z, a coaxially installed drive shown) three-beam bracket 5, at the ends of which there are arc-shaped cells b in the form of three drive (drives are not shown) small-diameter brushes with short elastic rods, while the two extreme brushes 7 of each cell b have rotational movements in one direction, and brushes 8 , which are located in the centers of cells b, have the opposite direction of rotational movement. At the same time, the directions of rotational movements of the rod cleaning brush 4 and the drive three-beam bracket 5 are the same (counter-clockwise).

The angular speed of the rod cleaning brush is 4, and the three-beam bracket is 5 - og, and

Phi»Fog2. An additional cylindrical drive brush 9 with elastic rods is installed at the very end of the feed conveyor 2 with a gap of Ai. The side part of the device contains a protective screen 10 of a concave arc-shaped shape, under which the unloading conveyor 11 is located from below. The directions of the translational movement of the bodies of root and tuber crops, as well as the rotational movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

This device works as follows. During operation, the loading conveyor (not shown) continuously feeds a pile of root vegetables from the digging working body to the feeding conveyor 2 mounted on the main frame 1 horizontally. Since above the output end of the feed conveyor 2, closer to its end, on the drive axis Z, a rod cleaning brush 4 is installed with a gap A, the total mass of the pile falls into the area of action of the ends of the elastic rods of this brush 4. The upper parts of the pile brush 4, thanks to its rotating movements with angular velocity Phi, are destroyed, captured and carried outside the device.

However, due to the fact that a three-beam drive bracket 5 is coaxially installed on the drive axis Z, at the ends of which there are arc-shaped cells b in the form of three small-diameter drive brushes with short elastic rods, the parts of the pile and the body of the root vegetables are captured in portions and actually end up for some time inside a closed volume. In fact, separate portions are detached from the general moving flow of the pile and placed in a closed volume, i.e. inside the cells 6. Then, thanks to the rotational movement with an angular velocity og of the three-beam bracket 5, the detached parts of the pile or the bodies of root vegetables that have fallen into the cell are individually drawn 6, along the upper, working branch of the feeding conveyor 2, that is, across its bars. Since the directions of the rotational movements of the rod cleaning brush 4 and the drive three-beam bracket 5 are the same, and the angular velocity o: of the rod cleaning brush 4 is greater than the angular velocity og of the three-beam bracket 5 (i.e., oi»og), then each of the three cells 6 with the indicated rotational movement will is guaranteed to be filled (over the entire length of the feeding conveyor 2) and, at the same time, the time during which the above-mentioned pulling of the pile elements along the working loop of the feeding conveyor 2 takes place will be increased. functions - dispersion and crushing of piles. At the same time, due to the fact that each cell 6 is formed by small-diameter drive brushes with short elastic rods, of which the lower ones are 7, and the upper ones are 8, forming inside each cell 6 (during the downward movement - from the filling of the cell 6 to its release) separate local cleaning efforts, transmitted to the captured bodies of root vegetables (or parts of the pile). Due to the fact that the two extreme brushes 7 of each cell b have rotational movements in the same direction, and the brushes 8, which are located in the centers of the cells 6 have

From the opposite direction of rotational movement, conditions are created inside each cell 6, under which the bodies of root vegetables intensively rotate around their own axes and the adhering soil is effectively cleaned from their side surfaces. At the same time, the first, in the course of rotation, the brush 7 is capable of pushing the bodies of root vegetables that did not get inside the cell 6.

Thus, this design of the device provides for each separately captured part of the pile (or root tuber body) the creation of additional destructive and cleaning separate efforts actually from four sides. From three sides, the cleaning forces are applied in the middle of the closed volume in the cells 6 from two drive brushes 7 and one drive brush 8 of small diameter with short elastic rods and from below, a fourth cleaning force is formed, when each cell is forcefully pulled along the upper working movable branch of the feeder conveyor 2. And, at the end of cleaning, due to the fact that an additional cylindrical brush 9 with elastic rods is installed at the very end of the feeding conveyor 2 with a Lee gap, it again captures the bodies of root vegetables and some parts of the pile and gives them accelerations with which they are thrown at the protective screen 10 of a concave arc-shaped form. At the same time, the main mass of impurities through the gap LA: is carried out through the output end of the feeding conveyor 2 outside the device. As a result of the elastic impact of the bodies of root and tuber crops against the protective arc-shaped screen 10, the soil stuck to their side surfaces is finally covered and the transportation zone is completely freed. After hitting the arc-shaped screen 10, the bodies of root and tuber fruits, completely cleaned of any impurities, fall under the influence of their own weight downwards onto the canvas of the unloading conveyor 11, which loads them into the hopper, or directly into the body of the vehicle.

In the case of cleaning a heavy pile of roots and tubers (the presence of strong soil formations, stones, rhizomes, parts of gorse, etc.), the angular velocities ой and ог should have larger values.

The same applies to the elastic rods of brushes 4, 7, 8 and 9, the stiffness of which should also be increased. However, in this case, damage to the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops should not occur. The dimensions of gaps A and it should take into account the average size of the bodies of root vegetables that are submitted for cleaning. The same applies to the sizes of the cells 6, which should contain tubers of different body sizes and shapes. At the same time, there should be no gaps between the ends of the short elastic rods of the three drive brushes 7 and 8 of a small diameter, or such gaps should have minimal dimensions, which will allow small soil impurities and plant residues to be carried out of the boundaries of the cell b, which will be separated from the bodies of root crops in in the middle of each cell b. But at the same time, there should be no damage to the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables.

There are also other options for devices that are able to implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

Application of the proposed method will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities by 10-12 95.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 10 1. The method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of root vegetables, their interaction with the elements of cleaning working bodies and unloading, which is distinguished by the fact that at the end of transportation and at the beginning of the main cleaning, parts of the pile together with the bodies of root vegetables are captured in portions and separately with force through the cleaning surfaces while providing for each captured portion 15 additional destructive and cleaning forces from three sides with the help of a three-beam drive arm mounted coaxially with a rod cleaning brush and capturing cells at the ends in the form of three small diameter drive brushes, after that the destroyed parts of the pile and the bodies of root crops are once again captured and thrown with acceleration, freeing the transportation zone with the help of an additional 20 cylindrical brush with elastic rods. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes a main frame, a feeding conveyor, above the output end of which a rod cleaning brush is installed with a suitable gap, and an unloading conveyor, which is characterized by the fact that the rod cleaning brush is located closer to the end of the feeding conveyor and on its axis a three-beam drive arm is installed coaxially 25, at the ends of which there are arc-shaped cells in the form of three small-diameter drive brushes with short elastic rods, while the outer brushes of each cell have rotational movements in one direction, and the brushes located in the centers of the cells have the opposite the direction of the rotational movement, the direction of the rotational movements of the rod cleaning brush and the driving three-beam bracket Zo are the same, and at the very end of the feed conveyor with a gap, an additional cylindrical brush with elastic rods is installed. 7 3 4 7 DTTTTTTtu tt Ali / Y Y I U ; y v bo x U / y / ie sn KOH N Y y y - Oh / Kiya 7 "t kh. i y y y rya nn, х х г. У 7 Х ku I rai y OO y v: y Ptn KZ ; de ke Owen 9 10 soya IR v: nty i M z - ; k. -- ru KE I? x A SHK to and x, punk zhv VO Ua x z D D I X ya rony