UA78596C2 - Method and device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers and a device to carry out thereof are proposed. According to the method, spreading and simultaneous cleaning of a pile from soil additives is carried out consecutively with different oscillatory speed (frequency), which decreases gradually, and plant remains are caught and removed immediately after shaking up thereof and cleaning from the soil additives. In the device an active pile spreader is made as a rod semi-cylindrical chute, above which from top, on geometrical axis thereof, a shaft is mounted on which brackets are arranged in bushings. At the ends they contain flat blades, fixed at angle in the transverse plane, which are connected with independent gears driving in the oscillation movement with different angular rates (frequencies), decreasing from top downward and having the opposite direction of oscillations one as regards to the other, and under the lower end of the spreader an actuated plant remains catcher as two drums with counterrotation is mounted with the lower one having projections.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil and plant impurities.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root and potato harvesting machines, and which include operations: feeding a pile of dug root and tuber crops to separating working bodies, spreading the pile through working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities and unloading it into a vehicle |Avanesov Yu .B. and others. Beet harvesting machines, Moscow: 70 Kolos, 1979). Despite the fact that the pile of excavated tubers has been on separate working bodies for a long time (until Zbosec.), the tubers move along them chaotically and the interaction of each root tuber with the working body is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil.

The closest to the proposed method is the method, which consists of the operations of feeding a pile of excavated roots and tubers to the separating working bodies, dispersing the pile of root and tuber crops along the working bodies and interacting with the active dispersing working bodies and unloading the cleaned root and tuber crops into a vehicle | see the book: "Beetroot harvesting machines. Design and calculation".

Pogorelii L.V. and others K.: Technika, 1983. - p. 38, fig. 10 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning, due to the fact that the pile of roots and tubers together with soil and plant impurities is not dispersed, but at a constant speed is fed successively to different types of working organs with different throughputs, which slows down the work process, and the roots and tubers together with impurities (from mixed with impurities) pass from one cleaning working body to another practically without separating. The removal of soil and plant impurities is significantly slowed down due to the fact that the speed of transportation and cleaning at all stages of cleaning remains unchanged.

The closest to the device that implements the proposed method of transportation and cleaning of 29 root vegetables is the device whose essence is outlined in (AS USSR Mo1752240, MPK' A 01 0 17/04, 010 DC (U 27/04, publ. 07.08. 1992, Bull. Mo29 - prototype), which includes a separating working body, which consists of successively installed different types of cleaners, behind which a transverse bar conveyor is installed, above which (and under which) blocks of cleaning brushes with elastic blades are installed.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, which is caused by the fact that about 30% of the root and tuber pile that is cleaned passes from one cleaning working body to another in a large (He) mass with a constant speed of transportation (and cleaning) without actually being dispersed and not separating

The most important physical feature, such as the specific gravity of the various components of the separating pile, is actually not used anywhere in this device. It is not always possible to disperse and then separate a large mass of food 00 that is fed to the cleaning device due to the limited cleaning time. In the case of the presence of a large amount of plant remains during the cleaning of root and tuber crops, in the form of plant stems, remnants of chickpeas, rhizomes, leaves, the effective work of the prototype becomes impossible, due to excessive and frequent clogging of the cleaning working organs with such impurities. The cleaning of roots and tubers from soil and plant residues at the same speed leads to the fact that the process of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers is not activated in any way and has very low quality indicators. -at

The invention sets the task of improving the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and vegetable impurities. c The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of transportation and cleaning of root crops, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to cleaning working bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal, according to the invention, dispersion and -1 395 simultaneous cleaning of the pile from soil impurities impurities are carried out sequentially with different oscillating speed (frequency), which is gradually reduced, and immediately after shaking and cleaning the heap from soil impurities (ee), plant remains are caught and removed, and in the device for implementing the method, which includes a feeding conveyor, an active heap disperser, chop brushes, active cleaning slides and a discharge conveyor, according to the invention, the active heap disperser is made in the form of a bar (Ce) 50 semi-cylindrical chute, above which, on its geometric axis, a shaft is installed, on which the bushings

Ф placed brackets containing at the ends fixed at an angle in the transverse plane flat blades, which are connected to independent drive mechanisms in oscillating motion with different angular velocities, with the possibility of reducing them from top to bottom, and have the opposite direction of oscillation relative to each other, and under the lower end of the distributor, a drive catcher of plant remains is installed in the form of two counter-rotating drums, and the lower one has protrusions.

GF) Thus, a new separate operation of crushing and simultaneous cleaning of soil impurities is introduced to the existing set of operations of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from t soil impurities and plant residues, which is carried out sequentially with different activation speeds (that is, different oscillation speeds of several disperser organs in one working body) and cleaning, and it gradually decreases: it is larger on top of the activator, and smaller on the bottom. This not only significantly shortens the path of dispersion and cleaning, and in fact the time of cleaning itself, but also significantly improves the quality of cleaning root vegetables from soil and plant impurities. The operation of catching and removing plant remains is carried out already at the end of crushing and cleaning and should be carried out with the help of a separate catcher. This allows the pile to be submitted to the final complete cleaning of roots and tubers from stones (strong because soil impurities) practically freed from all soil and plant impurities.

The device for implementing the method is schematically depicted in Fig. 1 - a general side view. Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows view B in Fig. 1.

The proposed device has a feeding conveyor 1, a deflecting brush 2, an active dispersant - pile cleaner З, which is made in the form of a bar semi-cylindrical chute, above which, on its geometric axis, a shaft 4 is installed, on which bushings 5 with brackets 6 are located at the ends of which, directed inside the semi-cylindrical chute of the distributor - cleaner Z, flat blades 7 are installed, the planes of which (in the horizontal plane) are located at an angle a to the axis of the shaft 4. At the same time, the lower parts of the flat blades 7, which are directed exactly to the rods of the semi-cylindrical chute, can have a surface 7/o of a round shape and be located to the bars of the semi-cylindrical chute of the disperser - pile cleaner Z with a small gap, i.e. the lower parts of the flat blades 7 should not interfere with their movement inside the semi-cylindrical chute of the disperser - pile cleaner 3. Brackets 6 together with bushings 5 connected with independent mechanisms of their drive 8 in oscillating motion. Moreover, each of the three bushings 5 is connected to its own mechanism 8, which provides different angular velocities 034.03 Я 033 (actually different oscillation frequencies) to the brackets 6 Я at the same time 0341 У 03ю 33, that is, the angular velocities (oscillation frequencies) decrease in the "top-down" direction.

The independent drive mechanisms 8 of the brackets b provide them, in addition, with the opposite direction of oscillation relative to each other, that is, the brackets 6 with flat blades 7 at the ends carry out independent oscillating movements inside the semi-cylindrical chute of the disperser - pile cleaner Z in antiphase. Under the lower end of the dispersing pile cleaner, a drive catcher 9 of plant remains is installed, which is made in the form of two counter-rotating drums, and the lower drum has protrusions for forced capture and capture of plant remains. Between the lower end of the dispersing pile cleaner Z and the first drum of the catcher 9, there is a gap of size l, which should ensure the mandatory passage of soil and plant residues outside the cleaner, but its dimensions should prevent the loss of root crops. Cleaning slides 10 are installed under the catcher 9 of plant residues, and under them there is a removal conveyor 11. The directions of translational and rotational movements of the working bodies of the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. The pile of root crops immediately after being dug up by the feeding conveyor 1 is fed to the active disperser - the pile cleaner 3. At the same time, the deflecting brush 2 directs the flow of the pile precisely to the upper end, it is dispersed inside the semi-cylindrical chute - the cleaner 3, which is installed obliquely and the pile begins /F) is guaranteed move downward under the influence of its own weight. In the upper part of the semi-cylindrical chute of the separator-cleaner, the pile of root crops moves across its rods and a significant amount of soil impurities is immediately sifted through the gaps between the rods to the bottom. Next, the pile of root crops (ee) falls into the area of action of the first flat blade 7, which is located at an angle 2 to the axis of the shaft 4, and in fact to the direction of the flow and, thanks to the fact that the first bracket b performs an oscillating movement in the middle of the semi-cylindrical trough of the distributor - cleaner 3 with the help of the mechanism 8 (which provides a periodic rotational movement, that is, an oscillating movement of the sleeve 5 on the shaft 4, and with it the bracket 6 with an amplitude: from one upper edge of the semi-cylindrical chute to the other upper edge) the pile moves in " du longitudinal and partially in the perpendicular direction to the rods of the disperser - cleaner 3, which ensures the effective removal of soil and plant impurities through the rods of the disperser - cleaner 3. c During the oscillating movement of the bracket b inside the semi-cylindrical chute of the disperser - cleaner З:з» the flat blade 7 actually presses the soil and plant impurities in the gaps between the gutter bars and they are carried beyond the limits of cleaning. Since a significant mass 15 of a pile of root vegetables is fed to the upper part of the disperser - cleaner Z, and the pile here can be continuous, then the angular speed Phi of the oscillating movement of the first -I bracket 6 with its flat blade 7 at the end must be significant for its effective shaking and dispersion. At the same time, part of the heap under the influence of its own weight can move downward without touching the first flat blade 7, or even rolling over it. Thus, there is not only an effective dispersion of the heap, but also some redistribution of it inside the disperser - purifier 3. Subsequently, the heap falls into the area of action of the second flat blade 7, which also performs oscillating movements inside the semi-cylindrical chute of the disperser - purifier Z , but already with an angular velocity of 5, which is somewhat lower than the angular velocity of This allows more activation of the process of movement and cleaning of root and tuber crops from soil impurities in the middle of the dispersant - cleaner 3. The pile here already has a smaller number of impurities and flat blades 7 of the second bracket b actually direct the movement of roots and tubers (and a small amount of soil and plant tailings) in the longitudinal direction of the rods of the disperser - cleaner 3, which contributes to their (F.

GI of purifier 3. Soil impurities in this part of the purifier (in the middle part of the distributor - purifier 3) are also intensively sifted through bars, i.e. they are immediately removed outside the purifier. Since the flat blades 7bo together with the brackets b perform oscillating movements in antiphase, the pile being cleaned has a zigzag movement inside the semi-cylindrical surface of the separator - cleaner Z, which greatly activates its separation and cleaning. | at the end of the movement inside the disperser - oochiser From the pile of root vegetables falls into the zone of action of the last third flat blade 7, which performs oscillating movements with the lowest angular speed, i.e. with the lowest frequency of oscillations, which will prevent damage to the side surfaces of the root vegetables 65. In this part of the separator-cleaner Z, the heap is almost free of soil and plant impurities and the third flat blade 7 finally with an oscillating speed of hundreds,

captures only the tubers and finally rolls them along the rods of the semi-cylindrical chute dispersing cleaner C, lifting them one by one to the edges of the semi-cylindrical chute. Thus, root vegetables during cleaning actually perform a complex movement: along the arc of a circle along the bars under the action of the flat blade 7, free sliding to the middle part of the chute under the influence of its own weight and rectilinear movement, also under the influence of its own weight, inside the chute down across the bars. Further, the pile leaves the semi-cylindrical chute of the distributor - cleaner Z, and through the gap l the soil impurities (which still remained in the pile) finally fall outside the cleaner. Root tubers (and some of the crop residues) do not pass through this gap, but fall onto the surface of the drive catcher 9 of plant residues, which is made in the form of two 7/0 drive drums that rotate counter-rotating. On the surface of the lower drum of the catcher 9 there are protrusions for the forced capture of plant residues, in addition, it has a direction of rotation in the direction of the flow of root crops, and therefore plant residues are guaranteed to be captured by it and removed beyond the limits of cleaning.

Moreover, regardless of how plant residues fall on the surface of the plant residue catcher 9, along or across the drums, all plant residues are captured and removed outside the cleaner. 7/5 Next, root crops, together with stones and strong soil clods, fall on the surface of two cleaning slides 10, which finally clean the heap from impurities, and then with the help of a removal conveyor 11, they are finally removed outside the cleaner. To prevent the loss of root and tuber crops, the upper part of the semi-cylindrical chute of the separator-cleaner C must be closed. The dimensions of the angles c: the inclination of the flat blades 7 to the axis of the shaft 4, their length, dimensions and shape, as well as the values of the angular velocities are, (frequency) of the oscillating movements of the brackets 6 on the bushings 5 on the shaft 4 inside the semi-cylindrical chute of the distributor - cleaner Z must be taken into account directly precisely the type of roots and tubers being cleaned (if they are potatoes, then they are more round in shape, if sugar beet roots are conical in shape), the mass of the pile submitted for cleaning, its contamination with impurities, etc. Other variants of devices for using this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables are also possible. with

The use of this method and the device for its implementation will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities by 30...4090.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention "about Fo 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to the cleaning work bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal, and c) which differs in that the dispersion and simultaneous cleaning of the pile from soil impurities are carried out sequentially with different oscillating speed (frequency), which is gradually reduced, and immediately after crushing and cleaning the heap from soil impurities, plant remains are caught and removed. - 2. A device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers, which includes a feeding conveyor, an inclined active heap disperser, chipping brushes, active cleaning slides and a removal conveyor, which is characterized by the fact that the active heap disperser is made in the form of a bar "semi-cylindrical chute, above which, from above, on its geometric axis, a shaft is installed, on which brackets are placed in the bushings, containing at the ends flat blades fixed at an angle in the transverse plane, which - c are connected to independent drive mechanisms in oscillating motion with different angular velocities (frequencies), with and the possibility of reducing them from top to bottom, and have the opposite direction of oscillations relative to each other, and under the lower end of the distributor is installed a drive catcher of plant residues in the form of two drums, with counter-rotation, and the lower one has protrusions. -I (ee) 1 o 50 42) F) ime) 60 b5