TWI847007B - 硬化性組成物、使用其之硬化物、及硬化物之製造方法 - Google Patents
硬化性組成物、使用其之硬化物、及硬化物之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI847007B TWI847007B TW110102278A TW110102278A TWI847007B TW I847007 B TWI847007 B TW I847007B TW 110102278 A TW110102278 A TW 110102278A TW 110102278 A TW110102278 A TW 110102278A TW I847007 B TWI847007 B TW I847007B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明提供一種保存安定性優良同時保存後之反應性亦優良的硬化性組成物、使用其之硬化物、及硬化物的製造方法。一種硬化性組成物,其係相對於100質量份的硬化性化合物,包含:0.1~10.0質量份的含有下述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)、及0.01~10.0質量份的鹼(B),(通式(I)中,X表示氧族(chalcogen)原子,R1
及R2
各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R3
及R4
各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者)。
Description
本發明係關於包含含有特定之不飽和雙鍵之化合物的硬化性組成物、使用其之硬化物、及硬化物的製造方法。
使用於塗布劑、塗料及三次元立體造形材料等的(甲基)丙烯酸酯等自由基聚合性單體,可藉由加熱或活性能量射線之照射等,從聚合起始劑產生自由基而聚合硬化。在將此等自由基聚合性單體使用於塗料用途等的情況,通常由於在空氣環境下進行硬化,故容易藉由空氣中之氧阻礙聚合反應,而有硬化延遲,或硬化物之表面黏膩等問題。就解決此等問題之方法而言,專利文獻1及2中提出在樹脂中添加氧吸收劑的技術。又,專利文獻3及4中記載使用烯丙基環氧丙基醚等作為前述氧吸收劑的技術。再者,在專利文獻5中,提出一種硬化性組成物,其包含聚合物、多官能性單體、及自由基聚合性樹脂,其中該聚合物包含源自顯示氧吸收性能之含特定不飽和雙鍵之化合物的結構單元。 [先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開昭63-130610號公報[專利文獻2]日本特開平5-78459號公報[專利文獻3]日本特開昭61-101518號公報[專利文獻4]美國專利第3644568號說明書[專利文獻5]國際公開公報第2019/208259號
[發明欲解決之課題]
在如專利文獻5記載的使用顯示氧吸收性能之含不飽和雙鍵之化合物的情況,由於能使組成物中之氧濃度降低,可使反應性提高,然而另一方面,有保存安定性降低的問題。於是,本發明之目的,為提供保存安定性優良同時保存後之反應性亦優良的硬化性組成物、使用其之硬化物、及硬化物的製造方法。 [用以解決課題之手段]
本發明人等,為達成上述之目的而進行專心檢討的結果,發現藉由將具有包含不飽和雙鍵之特定結構的化合物與鹼,以特定之摻合量併用,可得到硬化性組成物之保存安定性提高,同時於保存一定時間後,反應性亦優良的硬化性組成物,於是完成本發明。
亦即,本發明提供下述[1]至[9]。[1]一種硬化性組成物,其係相對於100質量份的硬化性化合物,包含:0.1~10.0質量份的含有下述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)、及0.01~10.0質量份的鹼(B),
(通式(I)中,X係表示氧族(chalcogen)原子,R1
及R2
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,R3
及R4
係各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者)。 [2]如前述[1]記載之硬化性組成物,其中前述通式(I)中的R1
及R2
係各自獨立地為碳數1~4之烷基。
[3]如前述[1]或[2]記載之硬化性組成物,其中前述通式(I)中的X為氧原子。
[4]如前述[1]記載之硬化性組成物,其中前述含有通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)為下述通式(II)所示之化合物,
(通式(II)中,R5
及R6
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,R7
及R8
係各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,R9
係表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,R10
係表示氫原子、(甲基)丙烯醯基、4-乙烯基苯基及碳數2~6之烯基中的任一者;n為任意之整數)。
[5]如前述[1]記載之硬化性組成物,其中前述含有通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)為下述通式(III)所示之化合物,
(通式(III)中,R11
、R12
、R17
及R18
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R13
及R14
係各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R15
係表示氫原子或甲基,R16
係表示羥基、(甲基)丙烯醯氧基、4-乙烯基苯氧基及碳數2~6之烯氧基中的任一者)。
[6]如前述[1]至[5]中任一項記載之硬化性組成物,其中鹼(B)為從氫氧化鈉、甲醇鈉、三乙胺、及三辛胺中選出的1種以上。
[7]一種硬化物,其係將如前述[1]至[6]中任一項記載之硬化性組成物硬化而成。
[8]一種硬化物之製造方法,其係使如前述[1]至[6]中任一項記載之硬化性組成物硬化。
[9]如前述[8]記載之硬化物之製造方法,其係具有:將前述硬化性組成物所含之鹼(B)予以中和,而得到中和物之步驟;及將該中和物予以硬化之步驟。
[發明之效果]
若依照本發明,可提供保存安定性優良同時保存後之反應性亦優良的硬化性組成物、使用其之硬化物、及硬化物的製造方法。
[用以實施發明的形態]
[硬化性組成物]本發明之硬化性組成物,為一種硬化性組成物,其係相對於100質量份的硬化性化合物,包含:0.1~10.0質量份的含有下述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)、及0.01~10.0質量份的鹼(B),
(通式(I)中,X係表示氧族原子,R1
及R2
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,R3
及R4
係各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者)。
若依照本發明之硬化性組成物,由於將具有不飽和雙鍵之特定化合物與鹼併用,故硬化性組成物的保存安定性提高,同時於保存一定時間後,亦顯示優良之反應性。此理由研判係如下所示之事項。在包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯等自由基聚合性單體的硬化性組成物中,由於該組成物中所含之氧,為自由基聚合之阻礙要因,故難以得到期望之硬化物。與此相對地,若將為具有前述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物,例如X為氧原子之化合物,摻合於硬化性化合物,則由於源自烯丙基醚骨架之部分藉著經由自由基之反應而將氧捕捉,聚合反應變得容易進行,而易於得到期望之硬化物,然而另一方面,由於組成物中之氧濃度降低,保管時自由基聚合反應進行,有保存安定性降低的問題。與此相對地,若將具有前述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物與鹼併用,則藉由鹼拉取烯丙基位之氫,離子性反應優先進行,而經由自由基的氧捕捉反應變得不易進行。其結果,由於前述通式(I)所示之化合物的氧吸收性能變低,硬化性組成物中之氧濃度不易降低,研判保存安定性會提高。另一方面,在將硬化性組成物硬化之情況,藉由將鹼中和,使得烯丙基位之氫拉取反應被抑制,具有前述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物之氧吸收性提高,其結果,由於硬化性組成物中之氧濃度降低,推測反應性會提高。
<硬化性化合物>本發明之硬化性組成物為包含硬化性化合物者。硬化性化合物若為與後述之化合物(A)可共聚合的單體,將無特別限制,具體言之,可使用從單官能性單體(M1)及多官能性單體(M2)選出的至少1種,此等中,以容易得到本發明之效果的單官能性單體(M1)為較佳。
就單官能性單體(M1)而言,較佳可使用具有1個反應性雙鍵的單體,具體言之,例如,可列舉:苯乙烯、2-甲基苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯等之乙烯基單體;(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己酯等(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基丁酯、己內酯改性(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯等具有羥基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯;甲氧基二乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基二乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、異辛基氧基二乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、苯氧基三乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基三乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯等具有伸烷基二醇結構之(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-三甲基矽基氧基乙酯等矽烷或矽基末端之(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-環氧環己基甲酯等末端具有環氧基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯;馬來酸酐或其衍生物等不飽和二羧酸等。單官能性單體(M1)可單獨使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。再者,本發明中,「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」意指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯,其他類似者亦為相同之意義。
就單官能性單體(M1)而言,從更顯著地得到本發明之效果的觀點而言,以(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯為較佳,以(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己酯為更佳,以(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯為進一步更佳。
多官能性單體(M2)之種類無特別限制,較佳可使用分子內具有2個以上之聚合性基的化合物。就該聚合性基而言,例如,可列舉(甲基)丙烯醯基、乙烯基等自由基聚合性基等。多官能性單體係以分子內具有2個以上之自由基聚合性基的化合物為較佳。就多官能性單體(M2)而言,例如,可列舉分子內具有2個以上之(甲基)丙烯醯氧基的多元(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。再者,多元(甲基)丙烯酸酯亦可為含有羥基之多元(甲基)丙烯酸酯。在本發明之硬化性組成物中,多官能性單體可只包含1種,亦可包含2種以上。
就多元(甲基)丙烯酸酯而言,可使用二醇、三醇等多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,更具體言之,可列舉:乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-六亞甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三環癸烷二甲醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、氫化雙酚A或氫化雙酚F之二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
又,就含有羥基之多元(甲基)丙烯酸酯而言,例如,可列舉:甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇單羥基五(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
在此等多官能性單體之中,從所得到的硬化物之耐水性等的觀點而言,以多元(甲基)丙烯酸酯為較佳,以1,6-六亞甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯為更佳。
本發明之硬化性組成物中的硬化性化合物之含量,以70.0~99.0質量%為較佳,以80.0~99.0質量%為更佳,以90.0~99.0質量%為進一步更佳。前述硬化性化合物之含量若為前述下限值以上,則使硬化性化合物硬化而成之硬化物的強度提高。又,若硬化性化合物中之硬化性化合物的含量為前述上限值以下,則相對地由於後述之化合物(A)及鹼(B)的含量增多,硬化性化合物之保存安定性提高。
<包含通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)>在前述通式(I)中,X表示氧族原子,從使硬化性組成物之保存安定性提高的觀點而言,以氧原子或硫原子為較佳,以氧原子為更佳。
在通式(I)中,R1
及R2
各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者。
就R1
及R2
所表示的碳數1~6之烷基而言,例如,可列舉甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基、環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基等。
就R1
及R2
所表示的碳數2~6之烯基而言,例如,可列舉乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、異丁烯基、戊烯基、異戊烯基、己烯基(順-3-己烯基等)、環己烯基等。
就R1
及R2
所表示的芳基而言,以碳數6~20之芳基為較佳,例如,可列舉苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基等。
就R1
及R2
所表示的芳烷基而言,以碳數7~20之芳烷基為較佳,例如,可列舉苄基、2-苯基乙基、2-萘基乙基、二苯基甲基等。
此等中,從使硬化性組成物之保存安定性提高的觀點,及使保存後之反應性提高的觀點而言,R1
及R2
較佳係各自獨立地為碳數1~6之烷基及碳數2~6之烯基中的任一者,更佳為碳數1~4之烷基,進一步更佳為甲基。
在通式(I)中,R3
及R4
各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者。R3
及R4
所表示的碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基之例示,與前述針對R1
及R2
之例示相同,此處省略重複之說明。
此等中,較佳係R3
及R4
各自獨立地為氫原子、碳數1~3之烷基、碳數2或3之烯基及芳基中的任一者,更佳為氫原子及甲基之任一者,進一步更佳為氫原子。其中,從使所得到的聚合體之氧吸收性能提高的觀點等而言,較佳係R3
及R4
任一者均為氫原子。
就包含通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)而言,從使硬化性組成物之保存安定性提高的觀點,及使保存一定時間後之反應性提高的觀點等而言,以下述通式(II)或下述通式(III)所示之化合物為較佳,以下述通式(II-a)或下述通式(III)所示之化合物為更佳。
(通式(II)中,R5
及R6
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R7
及R8
係各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R9
係表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R10
係表示氫原子、(甲基)丙烯醯基、4-乙烯基苯基及碳數2~6之烯基中的任一者;n為任意之整數)。
(其中,通式(II-a)所示之化合物,以聚苯乙烯換算之重量平均分子量(Mw)為200~50,000)。
(通式(III)中,R11
、R12
、R17
及R18
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R13
及R14
係各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者;R15
係表示氫原子或甲基,R16
係表示羥基、(甲基)丙烯醯氧基、4-乙烯基苯氧基及碳數2~6之烯氧基中的任一者)。
在通式(II)中,R5
、R6
、R7
及R8
係分別與前述關於通式(I)中的R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
者相同,此處省略重複之說明。在通式(II)中,R9
表示氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,以碳數1~6之烷基或碳數2~6之烯基為較佳,以甲基或異戊烯基為進一步更佳。
在通式(II)中,R10
表示氫原子、(甲基)丙烯醯基、4-乙烯基苯基及碳數2~6之烯基中的任一者,較佳為氫原子或(甲基)丙烯酸基。
在通式(III)中,R11
、R12
、R13
及R14
係分別與前述關於通式(I)中的R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
者相同,此處省略重複之說明。在通式(III)中,R15
表示氫原子或甲基,較佳為氫原子。R16
表示羥基、(甲基)丙烯醯氧基、4-乙烯基苯氧基及碳數2~6之烯氧基中的任一者,較佳為羥基、(甲基)丙烯醯氧基。再者,前述碳數2~6之烯氧基亦可為碳數2~6之乙烯氧基。
在通式(III)中,R17
及R18
係各自獨立地表示碳數1~6之烷基、碳數2~6之烯基、芳基及芳烷基中的任一者,其例示或較佳者,與前述關於通式(I)中的R1
及R2
者相同。此等中,較佳係R17
及R18
各自獨立地為碳數1~6之烷基及碳數2~6之烯基中的任一者,更佳為碳數1~4之烷基,進一步更佳為甲基。
具有前述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物、前述通式(II)及前述通式(II-a)所示之化合物、前述通式(III)所示之化合物之製造方法,無特別限制,可藉由單獨應用或組合應用周知之方法而製造。
本發明之硬化性組成物,係相對於100質量份的前述硬化性化合物,包含0.1~10.0質量份的含有前述通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)者。若前述化合物(A)之含量小於0.1質量份,則將硬化性組成物保存一定時間後的反應性降低。另一方面,若前述化合物(A)之含量超過10.0質量份,則由於硬化性化合物之量相對地減少,無法得到期望之硬化物,又,製造成本與所得到之效果的平衡變差。由此觀點,前述化合物(A)之含量,以0.3~5.0質量份為較佳,以0.5~3.0質量份為更佳,以0.7~2.5質量份為進一步更佳。
<鹼(B)>本發明之硬化性組成物,係相對於100質量份的前述硬化性化合物,包含0.01~10.0質量份之鹼(B)者。在本發明中,藉由鹼(B)拉取前述化合物(A)之烯丙基位之氫,由於離子性反應優先地進行,而經由自由基的氧捕捉反應變得不易進行,結果硬化性組成物中之氧濃度保持一定,硬化性組成物的保存安定性提高。再者,在使硬化性組成物硬化的情況,藉由將鹼中和,由於前述氧之捕捉反應變得容易進行,硬化性組成物中之氧濃度降低,反應性得以提高。
可使用於本發明之硬化性組成物的鹼(B)無特別限制,然而可列舉:氫化鈉、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、甲醇鈉、三級丁醇鉀、三乙胺、三丁胺、三辛胺、DBN(1,5-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬-5-烯)、DBU(1,8-二氮雜雙環[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯)、甲基二甲醇胺、三乙醇胺等無機鹼及有機胺。就鹼(B)而言,此等中,從使硬化性組成物之保存安定性提高的觀點而言,以選自氫氧化鈉、甲醇鈉、三乙胺、及三辛胺的1種以上為較佳。
本發明之硬化性組成物,係相對於100質量份的後述之硬化性化合物,包含0.01~10.0質量份之前述鹼(B)者。若前述鹼(B)之含量小於0.01質量份,則由於前述化合物(A)之烯丙基位的氫拉取反應未充分地進行,硬化性組成物之保存安定性降低。另一方面,若前述鹼(B)之含量超過10.0質量份,則製造成本與所得到之效果的平衡變差。由此觀點,前述鹼(B)之含量以0.05~3.0質量份為較佳,以0.07~1.0質量份為更佳。
<聚合起始劑>本發明之硬化性組成物,從使硬化性更為提高等的觀點,亦可進一步包含聚合起始劑。該聚合起始劑之種類無特別限制,可隨所使用的硬化性化合物之種類等而適宜選擇,然而具體言之,以自由基聚合起始劑為較佳。就自由基聚合起始劑而言,例如,可列舉藉由熱產生自由基的熱自由基聚合起始劑、藉由光產生自由基的光自由基聚合起始劑等。
就熱自由基聚合起始劑而言,例如,可列舉:苯甲醯基過氧化物等二醯基過氧化物系;過氧苯甲酸三級丁酯等過氧酯系;異丙苯氫過氧化物等氫過氧化物系;二異丙苯基過氧化物等二烷基過氧化物系;甲基乙基酮過氧化物、乙醯基丙酮過氧化物等酮過氧化物系;過氧縮酮系;烷基過氧酸酯系;過碳酸酯系等有機過氧化物等。
就光自由基聚合起始劑而言,可使用市售品。例如,可列舉:Irgacure (註冊商標,以下相同)651、Irgacure 184、Irgacure 2959、Irgacure 127、Irgacure 907、Irgacure 369、Irgacure 379、Irgacure 819、Irgacure 784、Irgacure OXE01、Irgacure OXE02、Irgacure 754(以上,BASF公司製)等。此等可單獨使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
本發明之硬化性組成物中的聚合起始劑之含量無特別限制,而從顯著地達到本發明之效果等而言,相對於100質量份之硬化性化合物,以0.001質量份以上為較佳,以0.01質量份以上為更佳,以0.1質量份以上為進一步更佳,又,以10.0質量份以下為較佳,以5.0質量份以下為更佳。
<其他成分>本發明之硬化性組成物,可進一步包含稀釋劑、顏料、染料、填充劑、紫外線吸收劑、增黏劑、低收縮化劑、抗老化劑、塑化劑、骨料、阻燃劑、安定劑、纖維強化材料、抗氧化劑、均塗劑、止垂劑等上述成分以外的其他成分。
<硬化性組成物之製造方法>本發明之硬化性組成物的製造方法無特別限制,例如,可藉由將硬化性化合物、前述化合物(A)及前述鹼(B)、視需要使用之聚合起始劑、其他成分,依照周知之方法混合而得到。
[硬化物之製造方法]本發明之硬化物的製造方法,為使前述硬化性組成物硬化之方法,具體言之,為具有將本發明之硬化性組成物所含之鹼(B)予以中和,得到中和物的步驟,及將前述中和物予以硬化之步驟的製造方法。<得到中和物之步驟>得到本發明之製造方法中的中和物之步驟,為將本發明之硬化性組成物所含的鹼(B)予以中和之步驟,只要能將鹼予以中和,則無特別限制,然而對於硬化性組成物,以添加例如鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、乙酸、甲酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、檸檬酸等酸予以中和為較佳。尤其,以作為強酸之鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸為更佳。
<將中和物硬化之步驟>在將本發明中的中和物予以硬化之步驟中,只要能將中和物硬化,則其方法無特別限制,可依照硬化性組成物、聚合起始劑之種類等而適宜選擇。例如,在本發明之硬化性組成物包含熱自由基聚合起始劑的情況,可列舉加熱使其硬化之方法,在包含光自由基聚合起始劑的情況,可列舉照射UV等活性能量使其硬化的方法。又,在包含兩者之情況,亦可於照射活性能量射線後加熱。從依照用途等更顯著地達到本發明之效果等而言,以照射活性能量使其硬化的方法為較佳。
[硬化物]本發明之硬化物,係將本發明之硬化性組成物硬化而成者。如前述,本發明之硬化性組成物由於保存安定性優良,同時於保存一定時間後,亦顯示優良的反應性,故可形成外觀上優良的硬化物。本發明之硬化物,由於物性、外觀優良,故適合作為例如塗膜、接著層、塗布層等。[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例詳細地說明本發明,然而本發明並不受此等實施例限定。
將合成例及實施例所用之評價方法於以下說明。
・藉由以下之條件,實施利用GC/FID之硬化性化合物(MMA)的定量。
裝置:島津製作所公司GC-2014、
管柱:DB-1 (Agilent J&W公司製)
入口溫度:280℃
檢測器溫度:320℃
烘箱:50℃(2min)→20℃/min→300℃(15min)
分流比:1:50,藉由如此之條件而實施測定。
・藉由以下之條件,實施利用HPLC/UV之硬化性化合物(PETA)的定量。
管柱:L-Column2 ODS
溶離液:A液=水(10mM乙酸銨)
B液=甲醇(10mM乙酸銨)
梯度:B液=50%(5min)→(30min)→100%(15min)
管柱溫度:40℃、檢測波長:215nm
實施例及比較例中所使用之化合物係如以下所示。<硬化性化合物>MMA:甲基丙烯酸甲酯PETA:新戊四醇三丙烯酸酯
<化合物(A)> [製造例1](1,3-雙(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-2-羥基丙烷(A-1)之製造)
在具備攪拌機、溫度計、滴液漏斗之反應器中,於氮氣流下,添加61.8g之3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇(0.717mol)、36.84g之氫氧化鉀(0.657mol)。將內溫保持於10℃以下,一邊攪拌一邊滴入19.34g之表氯醇(0.209mol),滴入結束後升溫至50℃。在內溫50℃攪拌6小時,然後冷卻至25℃。將反應液以4M鹽酸水溶液中和,將上層用310mL之離子交換水洗淨。將所得到之有機層藉由蒸餾精製,得到28.77g的下述式(A-1)所示之1,3-雙(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-2-羥基丙烷(0.126mol;產率60.3%)。
[參考例1]1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-2,3-環氧丙烷之合成
在具備攪拌機、溫度計、滴液漏斗之反應器中,於氮氣流下,添加324g之3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製,3.77mol)、2300mL之環己烷、226g之氫氧化鈉(富士軟片和光純藥股份有限公司製,5.65mol)、15.2g之氯化三辛基甲基銨(東京化成工業股份有限公司製,37.3mmol)、226mL之純水。將內溫保持於25℃以下,一邊攪拌一邊將698g之表氯醇(富士軟片和光純藥股份有限公司製,7.54mol)花費90分鐘滴入,滴入結束後花費30分鐘升溫至40℃。於內溫40℃攪拌3小時,然後冷卻至25℃。將反應液之上層以670mL之飽和食鹽水洗淨5次,將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥。過濾硫酸鈉,將濾液濃縮,得到536g之濃縮物。將該濃縮物藉由蒸餾精製,得到242g之下述式所示的1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-2,3-環氧丙烷(1.67mol;產率44%)。
[製造例2]
α-甲氧基-ω-羥基聚[氧基(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基甲基乙烷-1,2-二基)](A-2)之合成
在具備攪拌機、溫度計、滴液漏斗之反應器中,於氮氣流下,添加20g之1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-2,3-環氧丙烷(0.14mol)、76mg之甲醇鈉(富士軟片和光純藥股份有限公司製,1.4mmol)。將內溫升至110℃,並攪拌9小時,然後冷卻至25℃。在反應液中加入1ml之乙酸後,藉由蒸發除去低沸點成分,得到18.8g之下述式(A-2)所示的α-甲氧基-ω-羥基聚[氧基(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基甲基乙烷-1,2-二基)](產率94%)。藉由GPC測定,所得到的化合物之數量平均分子量=4,800,重量平均分子量=7,600(以聚苯乙烯換算)。
<比較化合物>
MDEA:甲基二乙醇胺
<聚合起始劑>
光聚合起始劑:Irgacure 184(BASF公司製)
<實施例1~9、比較例1、2>
依照表1記載之摻合量,調製硬化性組成物。調製後,以80℃之條件靜置7小時。關於靜置後之硬化性組成物,測定硬化性化合物的殘存量,將在靜置前之98質量%以上殘存的情況,當作保存安定性合格。
<實施例10及11>
將實施例1及2之硬化性組成物藉由鹽酸予以中和後,在聚乙烯薄膜上塗布至厚度成為125μm。繼而,藉由在該塗膜上照射2分鐘之UV光(34mW/cm2
),製成硬化膜。關於該硬化膜,使用丙酮作為溶劑,萃取未反應的硬化性化合物,關於未反應之硬化性化合物的量,藉由HPLC或GC進行定量。
[表1]
實施例 | 比較例 | ||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 2 | |||
摻合 [質量份] | 硬化性化合物 | MMA | 100.0 | - | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | - | 100.0 | 100.0 |
PETA | - | 100.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100.0 | - | - | ||
化合物(A) | (A-1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | 1.0 | - | - | |
(A-2) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | ||
比較化合物 | MDEA | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | |
鹼(B) | 三乙胺 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | |
三辛胺 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
NaOH | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
NaOMe | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
聚合起始劑 | Irgacure 184 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
前處理 (中和操作) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 有 | 有 | - | - | ||
評價 | 殘存之硬化性化合物的量 (質量%) | 99.4 | 99.4 | 99.6 | 98.1 | 99.2 | 100 | 98.1 | 98.9 | 98.7 | - | - | 91.7 | 91.2 | |
保存後之硬化性化合物的反應率 (質量%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 96.0 | 97.0 | - | - |
從表1之結果顯然可知,將具有通式(I)所示之結構的化合物(A)與鹼(B)併用的本發明之硬化性組成物,於保存中,硬化性化合物無反應,保存安定性優良。又,從實施例10及11之結果,顯然可知若保存後將硬化性組成物中之鹼予以中和,之後,可快速地使硬化性組成物硬化。與此相對地,比較例1係使用為一般硬化促進劑的甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)之例,結果比較例1保存安定性低。由於MDEA亦促進硬化液保存時之硬化,故保存安定性降低。可知化合物(A)與鹼(B)之組合,與一般之硬化促進劑相比,保存安定性及硬化促進作用兩者均優良。
無。
無。
無。
Claims (9)
- 如請求項1之硬化性組成物,其中該通式(I)中的R1及R2係各自獨立地為碳數1~4之烷基。
- 如請求項1之硬化性組成物,其中該通式(I)中的X為氧原子。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之硬化性組成物,其中鹼(B)為從氫氧化鈉、甲醇鈉、三乙胺、及三辛胺中選出的1種以上。
- 一種硬化物,其係將如請求項1至6中任一項之硬化性組成物硬化而成。
- 一種硬化物之製造方法,其係使如請求項1 至6中任一項之硬化性組成物硬化。
- 如請求項8之硬化物之製造方法,其係具有:將該硬化性組成物所含之鹼(B)予以中和,而得到中和物之步驟;及將該中和物予以硬化之步驟。
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