TWI831820B - 熱固性樹脂組合物、熱固性樹脂膜及半導體裝置 - Google Patents
熱固性樹脂組合物、熱固性樹脂膜及半導體裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI831820B TWI831820B TW108130419A TW108130419A TWI831820B TW I831820 B TWI831820 B TW I831820B TW 108130419 A TW108130419 A TW 108130419A TW 108130419 A TW108130419 A TW 108130419A TW I831820 B TWI831820 B TW I831820B
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- epoxy resin
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- -1 maleimide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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Abstract
本發明提供一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其在成膜時的處理性與操作性優異,且對基材具有高密合性,並且其固化物具有低彈性。該熱固性樹脂組合物包含下述成分(A)~成分(C),(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂:90~10質量份;(B)重均分子量(Mw)為2500~50000的馬來醯亞胺化合物:10~90質量份;以及(C)固化催化劑,其中,(A)與(B)成分的合計為100質量份。
Description
本發明涉及熱固性樹脂組合物、含有該熱固性樹脂組合物的熱固性樹脂膜以及使用該熱固性樹脂膜的半導體裝置。
近年來,手機、智能手機、超薄型的液晶與等離子體TV、輕量筆記本型電腦等的電子機器正朝著小型化推進。因此,用於這些電子機器的電子部件正向著高密度集成化、進一步高密度封裝化推進。
作為所述電子部件的製造方法,其主流為藉由一次成型封裝搭載在大型基板、12英寸晶片上的半導體元件的方法。作為大面積用的封裝樹脂,從操作性與成型性的觀點考慮,使用著膜材料或片材。
作為用於薄膜材料的樹脂之一,可列舉苯氧基樹脂(專利文獻1)。雖然使用苯氧基樹脂的樹脂組合物其成型性、操作性優異,但另一方面也存在著在封裝大型基板、12英寸晶片時翹曲變大的問題。
另外,作為用於膜材料的樹脂或樹脂組合物,分別在專利文獻2中記載了將聚醯亞胺樹脂作為主要成分的樹脂組合物;在專利文獻3中記載;含有馬來醯亞胺化合物、環氧化合物以及陰離子催化劑的組合物。
但是,聚醯亞胺樹脂通常具有僅可溶於高沸點溶劑的性質,因此在膜的製備過程中,溶劑有可能不能充分除去。其結果會導致在成型時會產生
諸如產生空隙、其從基材上剝離的問題。另外,高分子的馬來醯亞胺化合物與環氧樹脂的相容性差,在固化時分離,進而產生諸如黏接性降低或機械強度降低的問題。
現有技術文獻
專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本特開2017-039305號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2017-145289號公報
專利文獻3:國際公開W2017/027482號公報
因此,本發明其目的在於,提供一種熱固性樹脂組合物。其具有在作為膜時的優異的可處理性與操作性,且對基材具有高密合性,並且其固化物具有低彈性。
本發明人們為了解決上述問題而反覆進行深入研究的結果發現,下述熱固性樹脂組合物能夠達到上述目的,從而完成了本發明。
即,本發明為提供下述熱固性樹脂組合物的發明。
[1]一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其包含下述成分(A)~成分(C),(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂:90~10質量份;(B)重均分子量(Mw)為2500~50000的馬來醯亞胺化合物:10~90質量份;以及(C)固化催化劑,
其中,(A)成分與(B)成分的合計為100質量份。
[2]根據[1]所述的熱固性樹脂組合物,其進一步包含(A’)除(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂。
在通式(8)與通式(9)中,X彼此獨立地表示氫原子、非取代或取代的碳原子數1~6的一價烴基、烷氧基或烷氧基烷基,R3表示非取代或取代的不具有脂肪族不飽和基團的一價烴基,R4表示縮水甘油基,R5表示任選具有氧原子的非取代或取代的二價烴基,R6彼此獨立地表示氫原子、甲基或三氟甲基,k為8以上的整數,p為0以上的整數。
在通式(1)中,n為1~50的整數,R1獨立地表示選自碳原子數1~40的直鏈或支鏈的亞烴基、任選具有雜原子的碳原子數為3~20的二價環狀烴基、-O-、-NH-、-S-以及-SO2-中的一種或二種以上二價基團。
在通式(2)中,A獨立地表示含有芳香族環或脂肪族環的四價有機基團,B為具有任選含有雜原子的二價脂肪族環的碳原子數為6~18的伸烷基鏈,Q獨立地表示碳原子數6以上的直鏈伸烷基,R獨立地表示碳原子數6以上的直鏈或支鏈的烷基,n’表示1~10的整數,m表示0~10的整數。
需要說明的是,上述結構式中的未鍵合有取代基的鍵為與在通式(2)中形成環狀醯亞胺結構的羰基碳鍵合的鍵。
[7]根據[1]~[6]中任一項所述的熱固性樹脂組合物,其中,所述(C)固化催化劑為選自(C1)環氧樹脂的固化劑、(C2)固化促進劑以及(C3)聚合起始劑中的至少一種。
[8]根據[1]~[7]中任一項所述的熱固性樹脂組合物,其中,所述(C)固化催化劑為咪唑化合物。
[9]一種熱固性樹脂膜,其包含[1]~[8]所述的熱固性樹脂組合物。
[10]一種半導體裝置,其用[9]所述的熱固性樹脂膜封裝。
本發明的熱固性樹脂組合物可得到在成膜時可處理性與操作性優異、且對基材的密合性優異、並且低彈性的固化物。另外,在將本發明的熱固性樹脂組合物製成膜時,即使用該膜封裝大型基、或12英寸的晶片,其翹曲也小,且在成型時不會產生空隙或發生與基板的剝離,與基材的黏接力優異。
具體實施方式
以下,對本發明進行更為詳細地說明。
(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂
(A)成分的矽酮改性環氧樹脂,可藉由例如含有烯基的環氧樹脂、與以下述平均組成式(3)表示、且在1個分子中的矽原子數為10~100的有機氫聚矽氧烷實施氫化矽烷化反應而製備。
HaR3 bSiO(4-a-b)/2 (3)
平均組成式(3)表示的有機氫聚矽氧烷其1個分子中的矽原子數較佳為20~80,其1個分子中與矽原子鍵合的氫原子(SiH基團)較佳為1~5個,更佳為2~4個,特佳為2個。
在上述平均組成式(3)中,a為0.005~0.1、較佳為0.01~0.05的數,b為1.8~2.2、較佳為1.9~2.0的數,且a+b之和為1.81~2.3、較佳為1.91~2.05的數。
在上述平均組成式(3)中,R3為非取代或取代的不具有脂肪族不飽和基團的一價烴基,且碳原子數為1~10,特佳為1~8。例如,可列舉甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、叔丁基、己基、環己基、辛基、癸基等烷基;苯基、二甲苯基、甲苯基等芳基;苄基、苯乙基、苯丙基等芳烷基;以及它們的烴基的部分或全部氫原子被氯、氟、溴等鹵原子取代的氯甲基、溴乙基、三氟丙基等鹵素取代的一價烴基等。
作為含有烯基的環氧樹脂,例如,可列舉以下所示的通式。
在上述通式(4)~(7)中,R4為縮水甘油基。X彼此獨立地為氫原
子、非取代或取代的碳原子數1~6的一價烴基、烷氧基或烷氧基烷基。R6彼此獨立地為氫原子、甲基或三氟甲基。n為0或1以上的整數、較佳為0或1~50的整數、更佳為0或1~10的整數。m為0或1以上的整數、較佳為0或1~5的整數、更佳為0或1。
作為在上述通式(4)~(7)中的以X表示的非取代或取代的碳原子數為1~6的一價烴基,可列舉例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等烷基;乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基等烯基;苯基等芳基。
在上述通式(4)~(7)中的以X表示的非取代或取代的烷氧基,可列舉甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基等。作為非取代或取代的烷氧基烷基,可列舉乙氧基乙基、乙氧基甲基。
其中,作為X,較佳為氫原子與甲基。上述通式中的X可以分別相同也可以分別不同。
上述含有烯基的環氧樹脂與上述通式(3)表示的有機氫聚矽氧烷的氫化矽烷化反應可以在公知的反應條件下進行,例如,可使用鉑類催化劑進行上述反應。
作為藉由這樣的氫化矽烷化反應得到的矽酮改性環氧樹脂,特佳為下述通式表示的矽酮改性環氧樹脂。
在上述通式(8)、通式(9)中,X、R3、R4以及R6與上述含義相同。R5表示任選具有氧原子的非取代或取代的二價烴基。K為8以上、較佳為18~78、
更佳為28~68的整數,p為0以上、較佳為1~50、更佳為1~10的整數。
R5較佳為任選具有氧原子或羥基的伸烷基等,可列舉,例如以下基團。
-CH2CH2CH2-
-CH2CH2CH2-O-
-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-CH2CH2CH2-
-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-CH2CH2CH2-O-
-O-CH2CH2CH2-
-O-CH2CH2CH2-O-
需要說明的是,在作為上述R5的二價烴基所列舉的基團中,左端部的鍵為與通式(8)的具有基團X的苯環或通式(9)的具有基團OR4的苯環鍵合的鍵。右端部的鍵為與通式(8)、通式(9)中的Si(R3)的矽原子鍵合的鍵。
矽酮改性環氧樹脂即可以單獨使用1種,也可以組合使用兩種以上。
(A’)除(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂
作為除矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂,可列舉例如,雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、雙酚S型環氧樹脂、酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚F清漆型環氧樹脂、芪型環氧樹脂、含有三嗪骨架的環氧樹脂、含有芴骨架的環氧樹脂、三苯酚鏈烷型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、亞二甲苯型環氧樹脂、聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、雙環戊二烯型環氧樹脂、脂環類環氧樹脂、胺基苯酚型環氧樹脂、氫化雙酚型環氧樹脂、醇醚型環氧樹脂、多官能酚類、蒽等多環芳香族類的二縮水甘油醚化合物以及已將磷化合物導入在它們之中的含有磷的環氧樹脂等。其中,從操作性的觀點考慮,其較佳為在室溫下為液態的、液態雙酚A型環氧樹脂、液態雙酚F型環氧樹脂、液態萘型環氧樹脂型、液態胺基苯酚型環氧樹脂、液態氫
化聯苯型環氧樹脂、液態醇醚型環氧樹脂、液態環狀脂肪族型環氧樹脂、液態芴型環氧樹脂。這些除矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂可單獨使用一種或並用二種以上。
(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂的配合量,只要是對固化物賦予低彈性化、柔軟性、抗衝擊性的有效量即可,相對於(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂與(A')除矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂的合計,(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂的配合量為5~100質量%、較佳為10~80質量%,特佳為20~70質量%。如果矽酮改性環氧樹脂的配合量過少,則有可能固化物缺乏柔軟性進而導致耐熱衝擊性劣化;如果其配合量過多,則有可能導致組合物高黏度化,進而導致操作性差。
在本發明的組合物中,相對於(A)成分與在後面敘述的(B)成分合計的100質量份,(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂的含量較佳為10~90質量份,更佳為20~60質量份,進一步較佳為20~50質量份。
(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物
在本發明中,作為(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物,使用重均分子量(Mw)為2500~50000、較佳為3000~30000的馬來醯亞胺化合物。在重均分子量小於2500的情況下,有可能在使用本發明的組合物形成膜時操作性差。另一方面,如果重均分子量超過50000,則大幅度降低其與環氧樹脂的相容性。需要說明的是,所說的重均分子量是指在以下條件下藉由凝膠滲透色譜法(GPC)測定的重均分子量。
[GPC測定條件]
展開溶劑:四氫呋喃
流量:0.6mL/min
層析柱:TSK Guardcolumn SuperH-L
TSKgel SuperH4000(6.0mmI.D.×15cm×1)
TSKgel SuperH3000(6.0mmI.D.×15cm×1)
TSKgel SuperH2000(6.0mmI.D.×15cm×2)
(均為東曹公司製造)
柱溫:40℃
試樣注入量:20μL(試樣濃度:0.5質量%-四氫呋喃溶液)
檢測器:差示折光計(RI)
作為本發明中使用的馬來醯亞胺化合物,可列舉下述通式(1)表示的化合物。
在上述通式(1)中,n為1~50的整數,較佳為5~40的整數,進一步較佳為10~40。R1獨立地表示選自碳原子數1~40、較佳為碳原子數6~40的直鏈或支鏈的亞烴基、任選具有雜原子的碳原子數3~40、較佳為6~40的二價環狀烴基、-O-、-NH-、-S-以及-SO2-中的1種或2種以上二價基團。
考慮到與(A)成分、(B)成分以及根據情況在後面敘述的(D)成分等其它成分的相容性、耐熱性等,也可適宜地選擇直鏈或支鏈的亞烴基的碳原子數。作為亞烴基,具體說來可列舉亞甲基、亞乙基、亞丙基、亞丁基、2,2-二甲基亞丙基、亞己基、亞辛基、亞癸基、亞十二烷基、亞十四烷基、亞十六烷基、亞十八烷基。
環狀烴基可為同素環烴基、也可為雜環烴基,還可為脂肪族烴基或芳香族烴基。另外,環狀烴基可為環數為1的單環烴基,也可為環數為多個的多環式烴基,還可為多個環縮合而成的縮合多環式烴基。單環式烴基中,構成
環的原子數較佳為3~10,更佳為4~8,進一步較佳為5~7。縮合多環式烴基中,構成環的原子數較佳為8~20,更佳為10~14,進一步較佳為10~12。
這些環狀烴基即可以單獨使用,也可以與單鍵或以其它的R1表示的基團進行鍵接使用。進一步,該環狀烴基的環結構可以具有碳原子數為1~20的烷基、碳原子數為2~20的一價不飽和烴基、羥基、羰基等取代基。
作為上述芳香族烴基,可列舉例如,下述通式(10)與通式(11)表示的化合物。
在上述通式(10)中,R7表示選自單鍵、-CH2-、-O-、-S-、-SO2-以及-C(CH3)2的基團。R8分別獨立地表示選自羥基、碳原子數1~6的直鏈或支鏈的烷基的基團。其中,較佳為甲基或乙基。a較佳為0~4、更佳為0、1或2。
在上述通式(11)中,R9分別獨立地表示選自羥基、碳原子數1~6的直鏈或支鏈的烷基的基團,較佳為甲基或乙基。b較佳為0~4、更佳為0、1或2。
另外,作為上述的雜環烴基,可列舉例如,下述通式(12)與通式(13)表示的基團。
-环A- (12)
-R10-环A-R11-环B-R12- (13)
在上述平均組成式(13)中,R10、R11以及R12分別獨立地表示選自單鍵、碳原子數1~40的亞烴基、-O-、-NH-、-S-、-SO2-以及-C(CH3)2-中的基團。
環A與環B,分別獨立地表示呋喃、吡咯、咪唑、噻吩、吡唑、噁唑、異噁唑、噻唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、噠嗪、三嗪、苯並呋喃、異苯並呋
喃、吲哚、異吲哚、苯並噻吩、苯並磷雜環戊二烯、苯並咪唑、嘌呤、吲唑、苯並噁唑、苯並異噁唑、苯並噻唑、萘、喹啉、異喹啉、喹噁啉、喹唑啉、噌啉等含有環的二價基團。它們也可分別具有取代基。
另外,作為在本發明中使用的(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物的例子,可列舉下述通式(2)表示的馬來醯亞胺化合物。
在通式(2)中,A獨立地表示含有芳香族環或脂肪族環的四價有機基團。B為具有任選含有二價雜原子的脂肪族環的碳原子數6~18的伸烷基鏈。Q獨立地表示碳原子數6以上的直鏈伸烷基。R獨立地表示碳原子數6以上的直鏈或支鏈的烷基。n’表示1~10的整數。m表示0~10的整數。
在通式(2)中的A表示含有芳香環或脂肪族環的四價有機基團,特佳為下述結構表示的任一四價有機基團。
(需要說明的是,上述結構式中的未鍵合有取代基的鍵為與在通式(2)中形成
環狀醯亞胺結構的羰基碳鍵合的鍵。)
在通式(2)中的Q為直鏈伸烷基。它們的碳原子數為6以上,較佳為6以上且20以下,更佳為7以上且15以下。
在通式(2)中的R為烷基,其即可為直鏈的烷基也可為支鏈的烷基。它們的碳原子數為6以上,較佳為6以上且12以下。
在通式(2)中的B為具有任選含有二價雜原子的脂肪族環的碳原子數6~18的伸烷基。該伸烷基的碳原子數較佳為8以上且15以下。所述伸烷基為來自在合成所述馬來醯亞胺化合物時的原料的二胺化合物。作為具有一個脂肪族環的伸烷基的例子,可列舉1,2-環己烷二基、1,3-環己烷二基、1,4-環己烷二基等。另外,作為具有2個脂肪族環的伸烷基的例子,可列舉下述結構式所示的伸烷基。
(需要說明的是,上述結構式中的未與取代基鍵合的鍵為與通式(2)中形成環狀醯亞胺結構的氮原子鍵合的鍵。)
作為通式(2)中的B,特佳為具有下述結構式表示的脂肪族環的伸烷基。
在通式(2)中的n’為1~10的整數,較佳為2~7的整數。在通式(2)
中的m為0~10的整數,較佳為0~7的整數、更佳為1~7的整數。
在本發明的組合物中,相對於(A)成分與(B)成分的合計100質量份,(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物的含量較佳為10~90質量份,更佳為40~80質量份,進一步較佳為50~80質量份。
進一步,在本發明的組合物中,(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物的含量較佳為5~80質量%,更佳為10~75質量%。
(C)固化催化劑
作為用於本發明的熱固性樹脂組合物的(C)固化催化劑,可列舉(C1)環氧樹脂的固化劑、(C2)固化促進劑以及(C3)聚合起始劑。
(C1)環氧樹脂的固化劑
作為環氧樹脂的固化劑,可從公知的固化劑中適當選擇。只要是含有與環氧基具有反應性的官能團(以下稱為環氧反應性基團)的化合物即可,並無特別限定。作為環氧樹脂的固化劑,可列舉酚醛樹脂、酸酐、胺類。其中,考慮到固化性與膜狀態的穩定性之間的平衡,其較佳為酚醛樹脂或矽酮改性的酚醛樹脂。
作為該酚醛樹脂,可列舉酚醛清漆型、雙酚型、三(羥基苯基)甲烷型、萘型、環戊二烯型、苯酚芳烷基型等。
其中,為了不表現出與含有矽酮改性環氧樹脂的環氧樹脂的相分離結構,其較佳為下述的矽酮改性酚醛樹脂。
在上述各通式中,X彼此獨立地為氫原子、未取代或取代的碳原子數1~6的一價烴基、烷氧基或烷氧基烷基。R3為未取代或取代的不具有脂肪族不飽和基的一價烴基,其碳原子數為1~10,特佳為碳原子數1~8。可列舉例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、叔丁基、己基、環己基、辛基、癸基等烷基;苯基、二甲苯基、甲苯基等芳基;苄基、苯乙基、苯丙基等芳烷基;以及它們的烴基的部分或全部氫原子被氯、氟、溴等鹵原子取代的氯甲基、溴乙基、三氟丙基等鹵素取代一價烴基等。R5表示任選具有氧原子的未取代或取代的二價烴基,k為8以上、較佳為18~78、更佳為28~68的整數。P為0以上、較佳為1~50、更佳為1~10的整數。R5較佳為任選具有氧原子或羥基的伸烷基等,可列舉例如以下的基團。
-CH2CH2CH2-
-CH2CH2CH2-O-
-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-CH2CH2CH2-、
-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-CH2CH2CH2-O-
-O-CH2CH2CH2-
-O-CH2CH2CH2-O-
需要說明的是,在作為上述R5的二價烴基所例舉的基團中,左端部的鍵為與通式(14)的具有基團X的苯環或通式(15)的具有羥基的苯環鍵合的鍵。右端的鍵為與通式(14)的Si(R3)2或通式(15)的Si(R3)2的矽原子鍵合的鍵。另外,R6彼此獨立地為氫原子、甲基或三氟甲基。
矽酮改性酚醛樹脂即可以單獨使用一種,也可以兩種以上組合使用。
作為該酸酐,可列舉鄰苯二甲酸酐、苯均四酸酐、馬來酸酐、馬來酸酐共聚物等。作為該胺類,可列舉雙氰胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯碸等。這些酸酐即可以單獨使用一種,也可以將二種以上混合使用。
在本發明中,固化劑較佳為液體的固化劑,特佳為在25℃~200℃下為液體的固化劑。其中,較佳為在25℃下為液體的雙酚型酚醛樹脂或酚醛清漆型的酚醛樹脂,更佳為上述的矽酮改性酚醛樹脂。
相對於(A)成分的環氧樹脂的環氧樹脂1當量,(C1)環氧樹脂的固化劑的配合量較佳為使得固化劑中的環氧反應性基團為0.8~1.25當量的量、更佳為0.9~1.1當量的量。如果配合當量比(莫耳比)小於0.8,則有可能在所得固化產物中殘留未反應的環氧基,進而可能導致玻璃化轉變溫度降低或對基材的密合性降低。如果配合當量比(莫耳比)大於1.25,則有可能導致固化產物變硬、變脆,進而導致在回流時或溫度迴圈時產生裂紋。
(C2)硬化促進劑
作為固化促進劑,可列舉2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、4-甲基咪唑、4-乙基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-羥甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥基甲基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、1-癸基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰基甲基-2-十一烷基咪唑、2,4-二胺基-6-[2’-甲基咪唑基-(1’)]-乙基-仲-三嗪異氰脲酸加成物、2-甲基咪唑異氰脲酸加成物、2,3-二氫-1H-吡咯烷酮(1,2-a)苯並咪唑等咪唑化合物。這些咪唑化合物即可以單獨使用一種,也可以二種以上組合使用。
在本發明的組合物中,相對於(A)成分與(B)成分的合計,(C2)固化促進劑的含量較佳為0.05~20質量%、更佳為0.1~10質量%、進一步較佳為0.5~10質量%。另外,在並用(C1)環氧樹脂的固化劑與(C2)固化促進劑作為(C)固化催化劑的情況下,相對於(A)成分、(B)成分以及(C1)成分的合計,(C2)固化促進劑的含量較佳為0.05~20質量%,更佳為0.1~10質量%,進一步較佳為0.5~10質量%。
(C3)聚合起始劑
作為聚合起始劑,可使用熱自由基聚合起始劑、光聚合起始劑,較佳為熱自由基聚合起始劑。該熱自由基聚合起始劑只要能夠作為通常聚合起始劑使用即可,並無特殊的限制。
作為熱自由基聚合起始劑,其在快速加熱試驗中的分解開始溫度(將1g的樣品放置在電熱板上,以4℃/分鐘的速度升溫時該樣品開始分解的溫度)較佳為40~140℃。如果分解開始溫度低於40℃,則熱固性樹脂組合物在常溫下的保存性劣化;如果分解開始溫度高於140℃,則固化時間變得非常長,因此非較佳。
作為滿足這些條件的熱自由基聚合起始劑的具體例,可列舉甲乙酮過氧化物、甲基環己酮過氧化物、甲基乙醯乙酸過氧化物、乙醯丙酮過氧化物、1,1-雙(叔丁基過氧化)3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、1,1-雙(叔己基過氧化)環己烷、1,1-雙(叔己基過氧化)3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、1,1-雙(叔丁基過氧化)環己烷、2,2-雙(4,4-二叔丁基過氧化環己基)丙烷、1,1-雙(叔丁基過氧化)環十二烷、正丁基4,4-雙(叔丁基過氧化)戊酸酯、2,2-雙(叔丁基過氧化)丁烷、1,1-雙(叔丁基過氧化)-2-甲基環己烷、叔丁基過氧化氫、對薄荷烷過氧化氫、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基過氧化氫、叔己基過氧化氫、過氧化二異丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(叔丁基過氧化)己烷、α,α’-雙(叔丁基過氧化)二異丙苯、過氧化叔丁基異丙苯、二叔丁基過氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧化叔丁基)-3-己炔、異丁醯基過氧化物、3,5,5-三甲基己醯過氧化物、辛醯過氧化物、月桂醯過氧化物、肉桂酸過氧化物、間甲苯醯過氧化物、過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化二碳酸二異丙酯、雙(4-叔丁基環己基)過氧化二碳酸酯、過氧化二碳酸二-3-甲氧基丁酯、過氧化二碳酸二-2-乙基己酯、過氧化二碳酸二仲丁酯、二(3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基)過氧化二碳酸酯、二(4-叔丁基環己基)過氧化二碳酸酯、α,α’-雙(新癸基過氧化)二異丙苯酯、過氧化新癸酸異丙苯酯、過氧化新癸酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、過氧化新癸酸1-環己基-1-甲基乙酯、過氧化新癸酸叔己酯、過氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、過氧化特戊酸叔己酯、過氧化特戊酸叔丁酯、
2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(2-乙基己酸過氧化)己烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基過氧化-2-乙基己酸酯、1-環己基-1-甲基乙基過氧化-2-乙基己酸酯、過氧化2-乙基己酸叔己酯、過氧化2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、過氧化異丁酸叔丁酯、過氧化馬來酸叔丁酯、過氧化月桂酸叔丁酯、叔丁基過氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、叔丁基過氧化異丙基單碳酸酯、叔丁基過氧化單碳酸-2-乙基己酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(苯甲醯過氧化)己烷、過氧化乙酸叔丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸叔己酯、叔丁基過氧化間甲苯醯基苯甲酸酯、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、雙(叔丁基過氧化)間苯二甲酸酯、烯丙基叔丁基過氧單碳酸酯、3,3’4,4’-四(叔丁基過氧化羰基)苯甲酮等。這些聚合起始劑可以單獨使用一種,也可並用二種以上。
在這些熱自由基聚合起始劑中,較佳為過氧化二異丙苯、叔己基過氧化氫、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(叔丁基過氧化)己烷、α,α’-雙(叔丁基過氧化)二異丙苯、過氧化叔丁基異丙苯、二叔丁基過氧化物等。
相對於(B)馬來醯亞胺100質量質量份,在添加聚合起始劑時的配合量較佳為0.5~10質量份,更佳為0.5~5質量份。
需要說明的是,考慮到本發明的樹脂組合物通常在螢光燈等的照明下使用,使用中由於光聚合反應導致黏度上升,因此,較佳為實質上在樹脂組合物中不含有光聚合起始劑。在此,所說的“實質上不含有”是指以不能觀察到黏度上升的程度含有微量的光聚合起始劑、或完全不含有光聚合起始劑。
即,在本發明中,較佳為不使用光聚合起始劑。
(D)其它添加劑
本發明的樹脂組合物藉由配合上述(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分的給定量而得到,但根據需要,在不損害本發明的目的與效果的範圍內也可將為其它添加劑(D)成分添加在本發明的組合物中。作為所涉及的添加劑,可例舉熱塑性樹脂、無機填充材料、有機溶劑、阻燃劑、離子捕集劑、抗氧劑、增黏劑、低應力劑、
著色劑、偶聯劑等。
作為熱塑性樹脂,可列舉能夠對本發明的樹脂組合物、特別是已成型為膜狀的樹脂組合物賦予低介電特性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、對表面進行了二氧化矽處理後的PTFE、改性聚苯醚(PPE)等。
無機填充材料添加的目的在於降低本發明樹脂組合物的熱膨脹係數與提高該樹脂組合物的耐濕可靠性。作為該無機填充材料,可例舉例如,二氧化矽(熔融二氧化矽、結晶二氧化矽、白矽石等)、氧化鋁、氮化矽、氮化鋁、氮化硼、氧化鈦、玻璃纖維以及氧化鎂等。可根據本發明的組合物的用途選擇這些無機填充材料的平均粒徑與形狀。其中,較佳為球狀氧化鋁、球狀熔融二氧化矽、玻璃纖維等。
相對於(A)成分、(B)成分以及(C)成分的總計100質量份,無機填充材料的配合量較佳為20~1500質量份,更佳為100~850質量份。
本發明的樹脂組合物可以不含溶劑,但也可以將其溶解或分散在有機溶劑中作為溶液或分散液(以下簡稱為“溶液”)進行使用。作為有機溶劑,可列舉N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、甲乙酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、環己酮、環戊酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、甲苯,甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、丙酮、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等。特佳的(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物對有機溶劑的溶解度在25℃下為10質量%以上的有機溶劑,作為其特佳的有機溶劑,可列舉甲乙酮、環戊酮、甲苯、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯。這些有機溶劑可以單獨使用一種,也可以並用二種以上。
阻燃劑的添加的目的在於對本發明的組合物賦予阻燃性。對該阻燃劑並無特別的限制,可使用所有公知的阻燃劑。作為該阻燃劑,可列舉例如,磷腈化合物、矽酮化合物、鉬酸鋅擔載滑石、鉬酸鋅擔載氧化鋅、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂、氧化鉬等。
離子捕集劑的添加的目的在於捕捉本發明的樹脂組合物中所含的離子雜質,進而防止熱劣化與吸濕劣化。其並無特別地限制,可使用所有公知的離子捕集劑。作為離子捕集劑,可以列舉例如,水滑石類、氫氧化鉍化合物以及稀土類氧化物等。
可以使用所有公知的抗氧化劑、增黏劑、低應力劑、著色劑以及偶聯劑,對它們並無特別地限制。
(D)成分的配合量根據本發明的熱固性樹脂組合物的使用目的而有所不同,除無機填充材料之外的(D)成分較佳為本發明的熱固性樹脂組合物整體的5質量%以下的量。
<組合物的製備方法>
本發明的熱固性樹脂組合物例如可用以下所記載的方法進行製備。
根據需要,藉由邊同時或分別地對(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂與(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物與(C)固化催化劑進行熱處理,邊對其混合、攪拌、溶解與/或分散,從而得到(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分的混合物。另外,也可將無機填充材料、脫模劑、阻燃劑以及離子捕集劑、即作為(D)成分的其它添加劑中的至少一種添加、混合在上述(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分的混合物中。(A)~(D)的各成分可以單獨使用一種,也可並用二種以上。
對混合物的製備方法以及進行混合、攪拌、分散的裝置,並無特別地限定。具體說來,例如,可使用具有攪拌與加熱裝置的擂潰機、雙輥軋機、三輥軋機、球磨機、行星式攪拌機或研磨機等。也可以將這些裝置適當地組合進行使用。
作為本發明的熱固性樹脂膜的製備方法,可採用將所述(A)成分~(C)成分、(D)其它添加劑成分按給定的組成比進行配合,並在將混合物形成為清漆狀後,使用塗布機等將該混合物塗布在適宜的基材上並除去溶劑的方法。
作為基材,可以使用例如塗布了脫模性優異的矽酮樹脂、含氟樹脂的聚酯膜、或實施了壓紋加工等脫模處理的聚酯膜等。可以藉由使用例如加熱板、熱風加熱器、紅外線加熱器等,且在給定的溫度/時間內加熱來去除溶劑。在此,也可以根據需要去除基材,直接形成僅由封裝材料組成的膜、帶。
在將本發明的組合物加工成膜的過程中,如果在去除溶劑時加熱不充分,則有可能在薄膜中殘留溶劑,導致產生空隙,並由此成為剝離/裂紋的原因。相反,如果加熱過量,則有可能進行環氧樹脂與固化劑之間的反應,進而導致有損膜的柔軟性或黏接性。另外,如果將溶劑迅速地加熱至沸點以上,則有可能發生諸如在膜中、膜表面上殘留空隙或膜的厚度不均勻等問題。因此,在去除溶劑的過程中,較佳為採取從低於溶劑沸點的溫度逐步升溫而去除溶劑的方法。
作為使用膜的封裝方法,可以藉由壓縮成型、層壓成型來封裝半導體元件。例如,使用壓縮成型機,在成型溫度為110~190℃、成型時間為30~900秒,較佳成型溫度為120~160℃、成型時間為120~600秒的條件下進行。進一步,在任意成型方法中,都可在140~185℃、0.5~20小時的條件下進行後固化。
實施例
以下,示出實施例與比較例對本發明進行具體地說明,但本發明並不限於以下的實施例。
[樹脂組合物分散液的製備]
以在表1所示的組成配合下述所示的各成分,且添加使得固體成分濃度成為60質量%的量的甲苯溶劑,並使用球磨機攪拌、混合、溶解、分散該混合物,從而製備了樹脂組合物的分散液(實施例1~9、比較例1~8)。需要說明的是,在表1中,量表示質量份。
[樹脂膜的製作]
使用作為膜塗布機的狹縫塗布機,將表1(實施例1~9,比較例1~8)所示的樹
脂組合物塗布在剝離膜(1):E7304(東洋紡績股份有限公司製造的聚酯、厚度75μm、剝離力200mN/50mm)上。隨後,藉由在被設定為100℃的烘箱中乾燥10分鐘,進而製作出膜厚度為100μm的樹脂組合物層疊在剝離膜(1)上的雙層膜。將剝離膜(1)從該雙層膜上剝離,進而製備出膜狀樹脂組合物(樹脂膜)。
[試驗片的固化條件]
除另有說明外,在以下評價方法中,樹脂組合物的固化條件設定為在150℃下進行4小時。
(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂
(1)環氧樹脂(A):矽酮改性環氧樹脂(藉由以下方法合成)(環氧當量:240)
其藉由下述通式(16)所示的部分烯丙基化酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂與下述通式(17)所示的兩末端含有氫矽烷基的直鏈有機聚矽氧烷的氫化矽烷化反應而合成矽酮改性環氧樹脂。
(A')除矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂
(1)環氧樹脂(A'):雙酚A型環氧樹脂(商品名:jER828:三菱化學公司製造)(環氧當量:189)
(B)馬來醯亞胺化合物
(1)雙馬來醯亞胺化合物(B1):(重均分子量16000、商品名:BMI-3000:DMI公司製造)
(在通式中,n表示1~10的數。)
(2)雙馬來醯亞胺化合物(B2):(重均分子量30000、商品名:BMI-5000:DMI公司製造)
(在通式中,n表示1~10的數。)
(3)雙馬來醯亞胺化合物(B3):(重均分子量700、商品名:BMI-689:DMI公司製造)
(4)馬來醯亞胺化合物(B4):(重均分子量15000、商品名:BMI-2560:DMI公司製造)
(在通式中,n表示1~10的數,m表示1~10的數。)
(5)馬來醯亞胺化合物(B5):4,4'-二苯甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺(重均分子量351,在25℃下對甲苯的溶解度<1g/100g、商品名:BMI-1000:大和化成工業公司製造)
(C)固化催化劑
(1)咪唑類固化促進劑(C1):2-苯基-4,5-二羥甲基咪唑(四國化成股份有限公司製造,商品名:2PHZ)
(D)其它添加劑
(1)熔融球狀二氧化矽:(平均粒徑0.5μm,商品名:SO-25R:Admatechs公司製造)
(2)苯氧基樹脂:雙酚A型苯氧基樹脂(重均分子量48000,商品名:1256B40:三菱化學公司製造)
(1)操作性
在將得到的半固化(B-stage)狀態的膜狀樹脂組合物彎曲180度時,將完全不產生裂紋、破損,且進一步能夠容易地恢復原狀的情況表示為“○”,將在剝離膜上不能成膜的情況表示為“×”。
(2)黏接力
以被黏合面積成為4mm2的方式,將實施例1~9與比較例1~8中任意膜狀樹脂組合物載置於10mm×10mm大小的矽晶片上,並在其上載置矽晶片後,藉由在上述固化條件下使膜狀樹脂組合物固化,進而製備了矽晶片黏接性試驗用試驗片。使用該試驗片,並用黏合試驗機DAGE-SERIES-4000PXY(DAGE公司製造)測定了在150℃下的剪切黏接力,作為黏接力的評價。需要說明的是,試驗片的框架與膜狀樹脂組合物的黏接面積為4mm2。
(3)介電損耗正切
將網路分析儀(Keysight Technologies,Inc.製造E5063-2D5)與電介質條狀線(KEYCOM股份有限公司製造)進行連接,並測定了在上述固化條件下已將膜狀樹脂組合物固化的試驗片在頻率為1.0GHz時的介電損耗正切tanδ。將結果所示在如下表1。
(4)相對介電常數的測定
將網路分析儀(Keysight Technologies,Inc.製造E5063-2D5)與條狀線(KEYCOM股份有限公司製造)進行連接,並測定了在上述固化條件下將膜狀樹脂組合物固化而成的試驗片在頻率為1.0GHz時的相對介電常數。將結果示於如下表1。
(5)晶片翹曲
準備厚度為775μm、直徑為12英寸(300mm)的矽晶片。使用真空層壓機(TakatotiCo.,Ltd製造,產品名稱:TEAM-300M),且將真空室的內部真空度設定為250Pa,並在120℃下將膜狀樹脂組合物一併貼附在上述矽晶片上。在將真空室內部恢復到常壓後,將矽晶片冷卻至25℃,從真空層壓機中取出,並將所得到的附有樹脂薄膜的晶片置於惰性氣體烘箱中,藉由在150℃下加熱1小時進行樹脂的固化。
用雷射器(Toago Technology Co.,Ltd製造,FLX-3300-T)測定樹脂膜固化後
的晶片翹曲量,並將獲得的值表示在表1。需要說明的是,在翹曲量大而無法用本裝置進行測定時,則在表1中示出使用規尺(JIS1級)測定的值。
(6)可靠性
使用具有切割片的劃片機(DAD685、DISCO公司製造,主軸轉速40000rpm,切割速度20mm/sec)從在晶片翹曲試驗中獲得的固化後的附著樹脂膜的晶片得到10mm×10mm見方的試驗片。將得到的試驗片(各10片)進行熱迴圈試驗(對在-25℃條件下保持10分鐘、在125℃條件下保持10分鐘的試驗進行1000次反復迴圈),並確認了熱迴圈試驗後的樹脂膜從晶片剝離的狀態。在10片試驗片中沒有發生任何剝離的試驗片判定為良好,即使在10片試驗片中發生1片剝離的試件也判斷為不良,並將判定結果表示在表1。需要說明的是,因為比較例1、3、4未能成型,比較例5固化不良、因而未得到各試驗片,因此,未能進行熱迴圈試驗。另外,由於比較例6的試驗片翹曲大、不能進行切割,因此也未能實施熱迴圈試驗。
無。
Claims (7)
- 一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其包含下述成分(A)~成分(C),(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂:90~10質量份;(B)重均分子量(Mw)為2500~50000的馬來醯亞胺化合物:10~90質量份;以及(C)固化催化劑,其中,(A)成分與(B)成分的合計為100質量份,(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂為下述通式(8)或通式(9)表示的至少一種矽酮改性環氧樹脂,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的熱固性樹脂組合物,其進一步包含(A’)除(A)矽酮改性環氧樹脂以外的環氧樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的熱固性樹脂組合物,其中,所述(C)固化催化劑為選自(C1)環氧樹脂的固化劑、(C2)固化促進劑以及(C3)聚合起始劑 中的至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的熱固性樹脂組合物,其中,所述(C)固化催化劑為咪唑化合物。
- 一種熱固性樹脂膜,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項所述的熱固性樹脂組合物。
- 一種半導體裝置,其用如申請專利範圍第6項所述的熱固性樹脂膜進行封裝。
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