TWI793115B - 絕緣膜之成膜方法、絕緣膜之成膜裝置及基板處理系統 - Google Patents

絕緣膜之成膜方法、絕緣膜之成膜裝置及基板處理系統 Download PDF

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TWI793115B
TWI793115B TW107112470A TW107112470A TWI793115B TW I793115 B TWI793115 B TW I793115B TW 107112470 A TW107112470 A TW 107112470A TW 107112470 A TW107112470 A TW 107112470A TW I793115 B TWI793115 B TW I793115B
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insulating film
coating
film
substrate
module
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TW201903901A (zh
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村松誠
齋藤祐介
源島久志
藤井寬之
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日商東京威力科創股份有限公司
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Abstract

[課題]本發明提供一種技術,該技術係在基板上作為塗佈膜,形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜時,可得到良好的膜質。 [解決手段]絕緣膜的成膜方法係將含有聚矽氮烷之塗佈液塗佈於晶圓W,並使塗佈液之溶劑揮發後,在進行硬化步驟之前,在氮氣體環境向該塗佈膜照射紫外線。因此,在聚矽氮烷之被水解的部位易產生懸鍵。因此,因為在是預先被水解之部分的矽產生懸鍵,所以氫氧基之產生效率變高。即,因為水解所需之能量降低,所以在將硬化步驟之溫度設定成350℃時,亦不會被水解而殘留的部位變少。結果,因為高效率地發生脫水縮合,所以橋接率提高,而可進行緻密之(是良好之膜質)絕緣膜的成膜。

Description

絕緣膜之成膜方法、絕緣膜之成膜裝置及基板處理系統
本發明係有關於一種一種技術,該技術係在基板之上進行絕緣膜之成膜,該絕緣膜係含有氧化矽之塗佈膜,並藉橋接反應而硬化。
在半導體裝置之製程中,有進行氧化矽膜等之絕緣膜之成膜的步驟,絕緣膜係例如藉電漿CVD或塗佈液之塗佈等的方法所成膜。在藉電漿CVD所成膜的絕緣膜係具有可得到緻密且良質之膜的優點,但是埋入性差。因此,例如不適合將絕緣物埋入被稱為STI(Shallow Trench Isolation:淺槽隔離)之微細的槽的情況,需要重複地進行電漿CVD與深蝕刻(etch back),逐漸地埋入成不會產生間隙等,而成膜程序變成繁雜,因為進行真空處理,所以需要大型的裝置。
又,藉例如旋塗等對半導體晶圓(以下稱為「晶圓」)塗佈塗佈液,並使塗佈膜硬化,而進行絕緣膜之成膜的手法係埋入性是良好,在STI等之微細的圖案, 亦易填充絕緣膜。更具有可在常壓環境進行處理的優點,但是具有膜之強度成為比較低的課題。因此,例如在600℃~800℃對塗佈膜進行熱處理(硬化處理),提高膜之強度。
可是,伴隨圖案之微細化,有儘量將對所製造之半導體裝置的熱履歷抑制成低的要求,例如在對層間絕緣膜進行成膜的情況,從銅(Cu)配線之遷移、Cu之擴散等的觀點,不能比450℃更高温。因此,藉塗佈液之塗佈來進行絕緣膜之成膜的手法係因為硬化温度高,所以不適用於層間絕緣膜。
在專利文獻1,記載一種技術,該技術係在塗佈液之塗佈後,在低温對塗佈膜加熱,然後,在水蒸汽環境在高温進行處理,藉此,進行絕緣膜之成膜,但是該技術不是解決本發明之課題者。
〔先行專利文獻〕 〔專利文獻〕
[專利文獻1]特開2012-174717號公報
本發明係在這種情況下所開發者,其目的在於提供一種技術,該技術係在基板上作為塗佈膜,形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜時,可得到良好的膜質。
本發明之絕緣膜的成膜方法係特徵在於包含:塗佈膜形成步驟,係將塗佈液塗佈於基板,而形成塗佈膜,該塗佈液係使用以形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物溶解於溶劑;溶劑揮發步驟,係使該塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發;能量供給步驟,係在本步驟之後,為了在構成該前驅物之分子簇產生懸鍵,在氧濃度比大氣更低的低氧環境向該塗佈膜供給能量;以及硬化步驟,係在能量供給步驟之後,對該基板加熱,使該前驅物橋接,而形成絕緣膜。
本發明之絕緣膜的成膜裝置係特徵在於包括:塗佈模組,係用以將塗佈液塗佈於基板,而形成塗佈膜,該塗佈液係使用以形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物溶解於溶劑;溶劑揮發模組,係用以使該塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發;能量供給模組,係為了使該前驅物變成活化,在氧濃度比大氣更低的低氧環境對溶劑已揮發的塗佈膜供給能量;硬化模組,係對在該能量供給模組已處理後的基板加熱,使該前驅物橋接,而形成絕緣膜;以及基板搬運機構,係用以在各模組之間搬運基板。
本發明之基板處理系統係特徵在於包括: 基板處理裝置,係包括:搬出入口,係用以將基板裝入搬運容器,並搬入、搬出;塗佈模組,係用以將塗佈液塗佈於基板,而形成塗佈膜,該塗佈液係使用以形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物溶解於溶劑;溶劑揮發模組,係用以使該塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發;能量供給模組,係為了使該前驅物變成活化,在氧濃度比大氣更低的低氧環境對溶劑已揮發的塗佈膜供給能量;以及基板搬運機構,係用以在各模組及該搬出入口之間搬運基板;硬化裝置,係對在該能量供給模組已處理後的基板加熱,使該前驅物橋接,而形成絕緣膜;以及容器搬運機構,係用以在該基板處理裝置的該搬出入口與該硬化裝置之間搬運該搬運容器。
若依據本發明,將包含含有氧化矽之塗佈膜的前驅物之塗佈液塗佈於基板,並使塗佈之溶劑揮發後,在進行硬化步驟之前,在低氧環境向該塗佈膜供給能量。因此,在前驅物之被水解的部位易產生懸鍵。在硬化步驟係首先,藉水解,氫氧基與構成前驅物之分子簇的矽鍵結,接著,分子簇彼此之氫氧基進行脫水縮合,而進行橋接,但是因為在是預先被水解之部位的矽產生懸鍵,所以氫氧基之產生效率變高。即,因為水解所需之能量降低,所以在低温進行硬化步驟,亦不會被水解而殘留的部位變少。結果,因為高效率地發生脫水縮合,所以橋接率提高,而可期待製造緻密的(良質的)絕緣膜。
2:塗佈模組
3:溶劑揮發模組
4:回流焊模組
5:紫外線照射模組
6:硬化模組
9、90、92:控制部
99:上階電腦
100:矽膜
101:塗佈膜
W:晶圓
[圖1]係說明以往之絕緣膜之硬化步驟的說明圖。
[圖2]係說明本發明之絕緣膜之硬化步驟的說明圖。
[圖3]係說明本發明的實施形態之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖4]係說明本發明的實施形態之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖5]係說明本發明的實施形態之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖6]係說明本發明的實施形態之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖7]係說明本發明的實施形態之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖8]係說明在以往的成膜處理之聚矽氮烷之反應路徑的說明圖。
[圖9]係說明在本發明的成膜方法之聚矽氮烷之反應路徑的說明圖。
[圖10]係顯示絕緣膜之表面之平坦化的說明圖。
[圖11]係顯示絕緣膜之成膜裝置的平面圖。
[圖12]係顯示絕緣膜之成膜裝置的縱向剖面圖。
[圖13]係顯示在該成膜系統所設置之塗佈模組的剖面圖。
[圖14]係顯示在該成膜系統所設置之溶劑揮發模組的剖面圖。
[圖15]係顯示在該成膜系統所設置之紫外線照射模組的剖面圖。
[圖16]係顯示在該成膜系統所設置之硬化處理模組的剖面圖。
[圖17]係顯示本發明之實施形態之基板處理系統的平面圖。
[圖18]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖19]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖20]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖21]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖22]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖23]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之絕緣膜之成膜步驟的說明圖。
[圖24]係說明本發明的實施形態之其他的例子之晶圓之表面構造的剖面圖。
[發明之概要]
在說明本發明之實施形態的細節之前,預先說明本發明之概要。作為本發明之絕緣膜之成膜方法的一例,列舉將包含含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物之塗佈液塗佈於基板,再對所得之塗佈膜加熱,使塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發,接著,對基板加熱,使塗佈膜中之分子簇進行重排列,然後,對塗佈膜照射紫外線,接著,使塗佈膜硬化的步驟。
塗佈液係使是含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物之分子簇之低聚物的群溶解於是溶劑之溶劑所製造。在一般之硬化步驟,藉由將基板加熱至例如500℃,如圖1所示,藉低聚物之Si-H鍵結與H2O(水分)的水解(反應),產生Si-OH,接著, 發生脫水縮合(反應),而產生Si-O-Si鍵結,將低聚物彼此橋接。
作為塗佈液之成分,使用低聚物的理由係由於連繫前驅物整體時不溶解於溶劑。因此,低聚物之狀態,即已述之前驅物之水解前的狀態係變成穩定,由於水解係從該穩定狀態移至不穩定狀態的過程,而難促進水解,需要使硬化溫度變成高温或在低溫進行長時間的反應。
另一方面,脫水縮合反應係只要供給熱能就迅速地進行。因此,為了促進水解而使硬化溫度變成高温時,因為發生脫水縮合(Si-OH成為Si-O-Si)比發生水解(Si-H成為Si-OH)更易發生,所以絕緣膜之緻密性變低。關於其理由,係示意上而言,推測由於在一部分之低聚物彼此藉脫水縮合橋接時,發生其他的低聚物係當未進行水解的情況,該其他的低聚物被取入一部分之低聚物彼此的橋接物內。此外,在低溫進行長時間之硬化的手法係因為生產力變低,所以在生產線係難接受。
因此,在本發明,作成在進行硬化步驟之前對塗佈膜照射例如紫外線,而在發生水解的部分產生懸鍵(使低聚物進行所謂的活化)。即,如圖2所示,藉紫外線之能量切斷在低聚物之Si-H的鍵結,而產生懸鍵。因此,因為在硬化步驟水解所需之能量變低,所以氫氧基(OH基)之產生效率變高,以後之藉脫水縮合的橋接率提高。這意指在低温進行硬化步驟,亦可得到緻密的(是良好的膜質)絕緣膜。
對塗佈膜之紫外線的照射係需要在硬化步驟之前進行。關於其理由,係因為硬化步驟係在雖然是低温亦例如350℃~450℃的加熱環境所進行,所以藉紫外線之能量如上述所示產生懸鍵時,從產生懸鍵之部位發生橋接,因此,Si-H鍵結尚未被切斷的低聚物被封入橋接之低聚物群之中,而絕緣膜之緻密性變低。
因此,對塗佈膜照射紫外線之步驟係需要在抑制這種現象之溫度進行,具體而言,想到例如350℃以下較佳,例如可在室温進行。又,對塗佈膜照射紫外線之步驟係需要在氧濃度比大氣環境更低的低氧濃度環境進行,例如在氧濃度400ppm以下,較佳係50ppm以下的環境進行。低氧濃度環境係列舉例如氮氣等之惰性氣體環境。
在進行此步驟之環境,若氧濃度高,則具有藉紫外線之照射所產生之懸鍵的低聚物彼此在瞬間鍵結,在所鍵結的低聚物之中,孤立的低聚物被封入,結果,絕緣膜之緻密性變低。
[實施形態]
其次,詳述本發明之絕緣膜之成膜方法的實施形態。在本例,說明對被處理基板進行STI的處理。如圖3所示,在是被處理基板之晶圓W,在矽膜100形成槽部(trench)110,然後,對晶圓W塗佈將SOG膜之前驅物溶解於有機溶劑的塗佈液,藉此以埋槽部110之方式形成塗佈膜101。作為前驅物,例如-(SiH2NH)-使用是將作為基本構造之聚合物的聚矽氮烷。塗佈液係例如為了使流動性變佳而聚矽氮烷之分子簇在低聚物之狀態溶解。因此,如圖3所示,例如在藉旋塗塗佈於晶圓W時塗佈液易進入細的槽部110內,而可得到埋入性良好的塗佈膜 101。此外,在圖3~圖10,對塗佈膜101記載成PSZ(聚矽氮烷)。
接著,如圖4所示,對晶圓W在100~250℃之例如150℃加熱3分鐘。藉此,塗佈膜101中所含之是溶劑的溶劑揮發。然後,如圖5所示,對晶圓W在200~300℃之例如250℃加熱。在此時,塗佈膜101中所含的低聚物因熱而變成活化。因此,塗佈膜101中之低聚物被重排列,而排列成埋間隙(回流焊步驟)。進行此回流焊步驟,低聚物重排列,藉此,低聚物間的間隙變窄。因此,在藉後述之硬化處理形成低聚物彼此之橋接時易成為緻密的膜。
然後,如圖6所示,在400ppm,較佳係50ppm以下的氧濃度之例如氮(N2)氣體環境,對塗佈膜101照射5000mJ/cm2以下之例如4000mJ/cm2的能量。作為能量,係照射例如主要波長200nm以下的紫外線,例如主要波長172nm的紫外線(UV)。主要波長係意指在頻譜對應於最大尖峰值或其附近的波長。進而,在接著之硬化步驟,如圖7所示,一面向晶圓W供給水蒸汽,一面在350~450℃之溫度進行分段地加熱處理,例如在水蒸汽環境下在400℃與450℃分段地加熱,進而在N2氣體環境下在450℃加熱。
圖8係顯示在不照射紫外線下對聚矽氮烷進行硬化處理時之反應路徑,圖9係顯示對照射了紫外線之聚矽氮烷進行硬化處理時之反應路徑。如圖8所示,對聚矽氮烷進行硬化處理時,藉水解,與Si鍵結之H成為OH基,進而N-H基被氧化,成為氨(NH3),藉此,形成Si-O鍵結。然後,OH基彼此藉脫水縮合,逐漸形成橋接。可是,如在發明之概要所述,在進行硬化處理時難發生水解,而成 為緻密性低的膜。
相對地,藉由對含有聚矽氮烷之塗佈膜101進行硬化處理前照射紫外線,如圖9所示,切斷Si-H鍵結,形成懸鍵,且切斷一部分之Si-N鍵結,形成懸鍵。因此,在進行硬化處理時OH基易與懸鍵鍵結,而產生Si-OH。又,藉脫水縮合,OH基彼此橋接,而形成Si-O-Si鍵結。進而,在聚矽氮烷之Si-N鍵結被O置換,而逐漸產生氧化矽。如上述所示,藉由形成懸鍵,OH基之產生效率變高,因為橋接率提高,所以形成良好之膜質的絕緣膜(氧化矽膜)。
絕緣膜硬化後,如圖10所示,晶圓W係例如藉CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing)除去晶圓W之表面之多餘的塗佈膜101。此時在塗佈膜101之強度弱的情況,藉CMP之研磨變難,但是塗佈膜101成為緻密性高的氧化矽膜,因為充分地提高了強度,所以藉CMP研磨,而矽膜100在晶圓W之表面露出。
接著,說明用以進行上述之絕緣膜的成膜方法之絕緣膜的成膜裝置。如圖11、圖12所示,絕緣膜的成膜裝置係成一列地連接載具組件S1、中繼組件S2以及處理組件S3所構成,該載具組件S1係用以從是含有複數片晶圓W之搬運容器的載具C向裝置內搬出入的搬出入口。
載具組件S1係包括:工作台11,係例如在橫向(X方向)載置複數個(例如3個)用以收容並搬運複數片晶圓W之載具C;及交接機構12,係用以對在工作台11所載置之載具C內進行晶圓W之交接的搬運臂。交接機構12係構成為晶圓W之固持 部分進退自如地在X方向移動自如,並繞鉛垂軸轉動自如、升降自如。
中繼組件S2係具有將在載具組件S1從載具C所取出之晶圓W交給處理組件S3的任務。中繼組件S2係包括:交接棚架13,係在上下配置複數個晶圓W之載置台;及升降自如之移載機構14,係用以在交接棚架13的各載置台之間進行晶圓W之移載。在交接棚架13,在設置於處理組件S3之主搬運機構15a、15b可進行晶圓W之交接的高度位置、與交接機構42可進行晶圓W之交接的高度位置配置晶圓W的載置台。
處理組件S3係成為在上下由處理組件B1、B2所積層的2層構造。處理組件B1、B2係大致相同地構成,例如說明處理組件B1。處理組件B1係具備主搬運機構15a,該主搬運機構15a係分別從中繼組件S2觀察時,沿著在前後方向(Y方向)延伸之例如導軌所構成的搬運路16移動自如。在處理組件B1,在搬運路16的左右兩側配置用以對晶圓W進行處理的模組。在處理組件B1,例如從載具組件S1觀察時,在右側設置用以塗佈塗佈液的塗佈模組2。又,在左側,係從中繼組件S2側,並排地設置例如溶劑揮發模組3、回流焊模組4、紫外線照射模組5以及2台硬化模組6。
又,在絕緣膜的成膜裝置,設置由例如電腦所構成之控制部9。控制部9係具有程式儲存部,在程式儲存部,儲存程式,該程式係將命令編成實施在成膜裝置內之晶圓W的搬運、或在各模組之晶圓W的處理順序。此程式係藉例如軟碟、光碟、硬碟、MO(光磁碟)、記憶卡等的記憶媒體所儲存,並被安裝於控制 部9。
簡單地說明在絕緣膜的成膜裝置之晶圓W的流程,收容了晶圓W之載具C被載置於工作台11時,經由交接機構12、交接棚架13以及移載機構14,被搬運至處理組件B1或B2。然後,晶圓W係在塗佈模組2被塗佈塗佈膜101,並按照溶劑揮發模組3→回流焊模組4→紫外線照射模組5→硬化模組6的順序被搬運,而形成絕緣膜。然後,晶圓W係被交給交接棚架13,再藉移載機構14及交接機構12回到載具C。
此外,絕緣膜的成膜裝置係亦可具備進行CMP的研磨裝置,例如亦可替代硬化模組6,設置研磨裝置。而且,亦可構成為藉CMP研磨在硬化模組6進行硬化處理後的晶圓W。
接著,說明塗佈模組2。塗佈模組2係例如對已形成圖案的晶圓W,根據周知之旋塗法,塗佈已將成為絕緣膜之前驅物的聚矽氮烷溶解於有機溶劑的塗佈液。塗佈模組2係如圖13所示,具備吸附並固持晶圓W且藉直流電源22構成為轉動自如、升降自如的旋轉夾頭21。又,圖13中之23係杯模組。圖13中之24係向下方延伸之外周壁及內周壁形成筒狀的導引構件24。
又,在外杯25與該之間,形成排出空間,排出空間的下方係成為可氣液分離之構造。在導引構件24之周圍,設置液承受部27,該液承受部27係被設置成從外杯25的上端向心側伸出,並擋住從晶圓W所甩掉的液體。又,塗佈模組2係具備塗佈液噴嘴28,從儲存例如聚矽氮烷等之塗佈液的塗佈液供給源29經由塗 佈液噴嘴28向晶圓W的中心部供給塗佈液,且使晶圓W繞鉛垂軸以既定轉速轉動,使塗佈液在晶圓W之表面伸展,而形成塗佈膜。
接著,說明溶劑揮發模組3。如圖14所示,溶劑揮發模組3係具備由下構件31與蓋部32所構成之處理容器30,而下構件31係由在未圖示之框體內上面開口之扁平的圓筒體所構成,蓋部32係對該下構件31上下地移動而開閉塗佈模組2。下構件31係在框體之底面部3a經由支撐構件41所支撐。又,在下構件31載置晶圓W,並設置被埋設用以加熱至例如100~250℃之加熱機構34的加熱板33。在框體之底面部3a,設置用以使升降銷35升降的升降機構36,而該升降銷35係貫穿孔下構件31之底部及加熱板33,並在與外部的主搬運機構15a之間交接晶圓W。
蓋部32係由下面開口之扁平的圓筒體所構成,在蓋部32之頂板的中央部形成排氣口38,在此排氣口38連接排氣管39。此排氣管39係在將處理容器30側作為上游側時,將其下游側與在工廠內所到處配管之共用的排氣管連接。
蓋部32係被載置成與在下構件31之周壁部的上面所設置之銷40接觸,並被載置成在蓋部32與下構件之間形成微小的間隙,而形成對晶圓W加熱的處理空間。而且,構成為藉由從排氣口38排氣,框體內之環境從蓋部32與下構件31之間隙流入處理容器內。又,在蓋部32,構成為可在對蓋部32設定關閉了處理容器之狀態的下降位置、與對加熱板33交接晶圓W時的上升位置之間升降。在本例,蓋部32之升降動作係藉由驅動在蓋部32之外周面的升降機構37所進行。
又,回流焊模組4係除了構成為藉加熱機構34將晶圓W加熱至200~300℃以 外,與溶劑揮發模組3大致相同地構成。
是能量供給模組之紫外線照射模組5係如圖15所示,具備肩平且在前後方向細長之長方體形狀的框體50,在框體50之前方側的側壁面,設置用以對晶圓W搬出、搬入的搬出入口51、與開閉此搬出入口51的開閉器52。
框體50之內部係設置搬運臂53,該搬運臂53係從搬出入口51觀察時在前側搬運晶圓W。搬運臂53係作為冷卻板所構成,構成為例如在回流焊步驟後,且紫外線照射處理之前,可將晶圓W冷卻至常温(25℃)。從搬出入口51觀察時,在內側被配置晶圓W的載置台。在載置台54及搬運臂53的下方分別設置用以進行晶圓W之交接的升降銷56、58。升降銷56、58係各自構成為藉升降機構57、59升降。
在載置台54的上方側,設置收容了紫外線燈71的燈室70,該紫外線燈71係用以對在載置台54所載置之晶圓W照射紫外線之例如主要的波長為172nm的紫外線之氙氣燈等。燈室70的下面係設置使從紫外線燈71照射之波長172nm的紫外線光向晶圓W透過的光透過窗72。又,在燈室70之下方的側壁,將氣體供給部73與排氣口74設置成彼此相對向。在氣體供給部73,連接用以向框體50內供給N2氣體的N2氣體供給源75。在排氣口74,經由排氣管76連接排氣機構77。
而且,在向被載置於載置台54之晶圓W照射紫外線時,從氣體供給部73供給N2氣體,且進行排氣,將晶圓W之環境構成為例如400ppm以下,較佳係50ppm以下之低氧環境,例如N2氣體環境。將在搬運臂53冷卻至常温的晶圓W載置於載置台54時,從N2氣體供給源75供給N2氣體,在設定成低氧環境之狀態對晶圓 W照射例如4000mJ/cm2的能量。
接著,說明硬化模組6。如圖16所示,硬化模組6係構成為在未圖示之框體內設置由蓋部62及下構件61所構成之處理容器60。在處理容器60內,設置載置晶圓W之載置台63,在載置台63,設置將在載置台63所載置之晶圓W加熱至例如350~450℃的加熱機構64。又,在蓋部62的頂板部,設置氣體導入口65,在氣體導入口65,連接氣體供給管66的一端。氣體供給管66的另一端係分支成2支,在一支之端部,連接用以向處理容器60內供給水蒸汽的水蒸汽供給源67。在另一支之端部,連接用以向處理容器60內供給N2氣體的N2氣體供給源68。此外,圖16中之V67、V68係閥,M67、M68係流量調整部。
又,在蓋部62中之氣體導入口65的下方,將氣體擴散板69設置成與載置台63的上面相對向。氣體擴散板69係例如由衝孔板所構成,使從氣體導入口65向處理容器60內所導入之氣體擴散,並向在載置台63所載置之晶圓W供給。又,在下構件61,形成於排氣口82,在排氣口,連接排氣管83的一端,且排氣管83的另一端側係與排氣部連接。
蓋部62係構成為藉在框體之底面部所設置的升降機構81升降,並在使蓋部62上升之狀態晶圓W被搬入處理容器60內並被載置於載置台63。然後,藉由使蓋部62下降,而使處理容器60變成密閉,形成用以一面對在載置台63所載置之晶圓W加熱一面進行紫外線照射處理的處理空間。
而且,如上述所示,已進行紫外線照射處理之晶圓W被載置於載置台63時, 使水蒸汽充分於處理容器60內,且對晶圓W分段地在400℃加熱30分鐘、在450℃加熱120分鐘後,停止水蒸汽之供給,在氮氣環境下在450℃加熱30分鐘。
若依據上述之實施形態,將含有聚矽氮烷之塗佈液塗佈於晶圓W,並使塗佈膜101中之溶劑揮發後,在進行硬化步驟之前,在氮氣環境向該塗佈膜101照射紫外線。因此,在聚矽氮烷之被水解的部位易產生懸鍵。因此,因為在是預先被水解之部分的矽產生懸鍵,所以在將硬化步驟之溫度設定成350℃時,亦不會被水解而殘留的部位變少。結果,因為高效率地發生脫水縮合,所以橋接率提高,而可進行緻密之(是良好之膜質)絕緣膜的成膜。
又,亦可本發明係基板處理系統,該基板處理系統係包括:成膜裝置,係從塗佈處理進行至紫外線照射的步驟;及熱處理裝置,係個別地進行硬化處理;並將在成膜裝置已進行紫外線照射之晶圓W搬運至熱處理裝置,進行硬化處理。如圖17所示,基板處理系統係包括:基板處理裝置90,係除了不設置硬化處理裝置以外,與圖11、圖12所示之絕緣膜的成膜裝置一樣地構成;及熱處理裝置93,係包含對晶圓W進行熱處理的熱處理爐97;在基板處理裝置90與熱處理裝置93之間設置是搬運載具C之容器搬運機構的搬運車(AGV)98。熱處理裝置93係包括:載具組件S1,係搬運載具C;交接機構94,係從載具C取出晶圓W;載置棚架96,係載置從載具C所取出之晶圓W;以及移載機構95,係將在載置棚架96所載置之晶圓W移載至熱處理爐97。熱處理爐97係使用例如周知的熱處理爐,將複數片基板成棚架狀地配置於基板固持件,再搬入由加熱器所包圍之縱型的反應管內,進行熱處理(硬化處理)。
而且,本基板處理系統係具備上階電腦99,該上階電腦99係向基板處理裝置90的控制部91、及具備用以執行在熱處理裝置93之晶圓W的搬運及執行硬化處理步驟的程式之熱處理裝置93的控制部92傳送控制信號,且控制藉搬運車98之載具C的搬運。在上階電腦99,記憶用以執行上述之絕緣膜的成膜方法之程式,在基板處理裝置90進行從對晶圓W之塗佈液的塗佈至紫外線照射處理的步驟,將已照射紫外線之晶圓W收容於載具C,再藉搬運車98搬運至熱處理裝置93,進行硬化處理。依此方式使用包含熱處理爐之基板處理系統,亦具有可形成強度大之絕緣膜的效果。另一方面,因為硬化處理步驟的温度可低,所以亦具有在進行絕緣膜之成膜步驟時,不需要包含用以進行高温處理之專用的熱處理爐之基板處理系統的效果。
進而,在上述之實施形態,亦可作成在硬化步驟,一面供給氨氣體一面進行硬化處理。或亦可在硬化處理時所供給之氣體是N2氣體。
又,本發明係亦可應用於低電介質膜等之層間絕緣膜的成膜。在層間絕緣膜的成膜時,為了抑制是配線材料之銅的遷移或擴散,加熱溫度係被要求設定成450℃以下,例如400℃以下。又,從將層間絕緣膜構成為充分之硬度的觀點,超過300℃以上較佳。在本發明,因為即使硬化溫度係低溫亦可得到良質之膜質的絕緣膜,所以可期待應用於層間絕緣膜的成膜。又,例如作為將絕緣膜形成於已形成細槽部之基板的例子,亦可應用於PMD(Pre Metal Dielectric)。
又,本發明係亦可作成塗佈塗佈液複數次,來形成絕緣膜。例如,在圖11~ 圖12所示之絕緣膜的成膜裝置,首先,將已形成槽部110之晶圓W搬運至塗佈模組2,進行第一次之塗佈液的塗佈。藉此,例如如圖18所示,形成塗佈液進入了已形成於矽膜100之槽部110的內部之狀態的塗佈膜101a。此外,在圖18~圖23,以101a表示藉第一次之塗佈液的塗佈所形成的塗佈膜,以101b表示藉第2次之塗佈液的塗佈所形成的塗佈膜。
然後,將晶圓W與實施形態一樣地搬運至溶劑揮發模組3,在使溶劑揮發後,搬運至例如紫外線照射模組5,如圖19所示,在低氧環境對塗佈膜101a照射紫外線。接著,將晶圓W搬運至塗佈模組2,進行第二次之塗佈處理。藉此,如圖20所示,在晶圓W,更將塗佈膜101b積層。然後,將晶圓W搬運至溶劑揮發模組3,在使溶劑揮發後,搬運至紫外線照射模組5,如圖21所示,在低氧環境對塗佈膜101b照射紫外線。接著,將晶圓W搬運至硬化模組6,如圖22所示,例如在水蒸汽環境下在400℃、450℃分段地加熱後,在N2氣體環境下加熱至450℃。然後,例如將晶圓W搬運至CMP裝置,如圖23所示,藉CMP除去表層的塗佈膜101b。
在對塗佈膜101a、101b照射紫外線時,因為紫外線係從塗佈膜101a、101b的表層側逐漸地透過至下層側,所以塗佈膜101a、101b之下層側係紫外線比表層側易變弱,而可能Si-H鍵結不會充分地成為懸鍵。因此,在對晶圓W進行硬化處理時,在塗佈膜101a、101b的下層側,橋接率可能變低,而作為膜整體之橋接率可能變低,又,例如在CMP除去表層的塗佈膜時在塗佈膜之膜質差的層可能露出。
因此,重複塗佈膜101a、101b之塗佈與紫外線照射複數次,形成既定膜厚的塗佈膜101a、101b,藉此,可在塗佈膜101a、101b各自薄之狀態進行紫外線照射處理,而在塗佈膜101a、101b之全部的層易形成懸鍵。因此,在進行硬化處理時,在塗佈膜101a、101b之全部的層,易形成橋接。而在全部的層可形成橋接率高且緻密的塗佈膜101a、101b。藉此,根據後述之實施例2所示,可進行緻密且蝕刻強度大之絕緣膜的成膜。
又,亦可進行第一次之塗佈處理,使溶劑揮發,在低氧環境對塗佈膜101a照射紫外線後,再搬運至硬化模組6,例如在水蒸汽環境下加熱至350℃。亦可然後,進行第2次之塗佈處理,在使溶劑揮發後,在低氧環境對塗佈膜101b照射紫外線,再進行硬化處理。
進而亦可作成在使第一次之塗佈處理及第2次之塗佈處理的溶劑揮發後,例如進行在250℃對晶圓W加熱的回流焊步驟。
又,本發明係亦可應用於例如形成犠性膜的步驟。圖24係顯示已形成犠性膜之被處理基板的一例,如圖24所示,晶圓W係在SiO2膜102的上面形成聚矽層103,進而以在厚度方向貫穿聚矽層103的方式形成槽部110。而且,在此晶圓W之上面形成成為犠性膜的SiON膜104。圖24係顯示在形成SiON膜104後,以既定圖案對SiON膜104進行蝕刻後之晶圓W的表層部之截面的狀況。在此晶圓W,利用對SiON膜104及聚矽層103之SiO2膜102的蝕刻選擇比,對未被SiON膜104覆蓋並面臨已被除去SiON膜104之槽部110之底部的SiO2膜102進行蝕刻。
SiON膜104等之犠性膜係因為被形成於已形成電路圖案等之凹凸的晶圓W,所以埋入性是良好較佳。因此,藉由藉塗佈液之塗佈來進行成膜較佳。又,因為充分地提高與成為蝕刻對象之膜,此處係SiO2膜102的蝕刻選擇比,所以蝕刻強度高較佳。
在進行SiON膜104之成膜時,向晶圓W塗佈例如作為前驅物含有聚矽氮烷的塗佈液。然後,如圖3~圖6所示,例如在150℃對塗佈膜101加熱3分鐘,使塗佈膜101中之溶劑揮發後,在250℃加熱,進行塗佈膜101的回流焊。接著,向塗佈膜101,在低氧環境下照射5000mJ/cm2的紫外線。然後,在硬化模組6,在N2氣體環境下進行對晶圓W在400℃、450℃分段地加熱的硬化步驟。
在作為前驅物所含的聚矽氮烷,在如上述所示進行塗佈膜101中所含的低聚物彼此之脫水縮合時,聚矽氮烷所含的-Si(NH)Si-被替換成Si-O-Si鍵結。從該-Si(NH)Si-往Si-O-Si鍵結之替換率高時,接近SiO2,藉由成膜成殘留更多的-Si(NH)Si-,成為N濃度高的SiON膜。因此,在對塗佈膜101照射紫外線後,在硬化步驟,例如在N2氣體環境下加熱至350℃。在此時,藉由在例如350~450℃之低溫進行硬化處理,成為抑制-Si(NH)Si-之替換的狀態,且藉紫外線之照射所形成的懸鍵如上述所示,進行水解及脫水縮合,而進行Si-O-Si鍵結的產生。因此,使聚矽氮烷之低聚物橋接,而作成堅固的膜,且抑制氮之脫離,而可進行氮含有率高之SiON膜的成膜。
又,在照射紫外線之步驟,橋接所進行之溫度,係例如在聚矽氮烷上升至 350~400℃時,可能懸鍵之形成、與水解及脫水縮合同時地進行,在所鍵結的低聚物中,孤立的低聚物被封入,結果,絕緣膜之緻密性變低。
因此,照射紫外線之溫度係350℃以下較佳。又,因為在照射紫外線時是不進行橋接的溫度是要件,所以亦可作成在回流焊步驟照射紫外線。可是,在溶劑揮發步驟,亦可能是溶劑之溶劑因紫外線之照射而變質。因此,需要是在溶劑揮發步驟以後。
又,在能量照射步驟之能量過大時,可能Si-H鍵結以外之其他的鍵結被切斷。因此,能量之照射量係5000mJ/cm2以下較佳。只要是足以切斷Si-H鍵結之末端的劑量以上的照射量即可。
又,如後述之實施例3所示,在溶劑揮發步驟之晶圓W的加熱溫度設定成200~250℃,執行上述之絕緣膜的成膜方法,藉此,可提高效果。推測這是由於以下2種效果之相乘效果,該2種效果係藉由更確實地除去塗佈膜101中之溶劑,而溶劑所吸收之能量係變少,及在實施例3係未進行回流焊處理,而產生相當於在回流焊處理之低聚物之重排列的效果。
又,從高效率地形成懸鍵的觀點,無法透過塗佈膜而被塗佈膜所吸收之波長的能量較佳。因此,在紫外線的情況,主要的波長是200nm以下較佳,例如亦可使用ArF燈等之波長193nm的紫外線,又亦可使用重氫燈等。進而,作為照射於塗佈膜的能量,亦可使用電子束等。
又,亦可使在溶劑揮發步驟所使用之塗佈膜101中的溶劑揮發的裝置係如下 之裝置,該裝置係對例如密閉之處理容器內降壓至例如大氣壓的一半,而促進在處理容器內所載置之晶圓W之溶劑的揮發,使溶劑揮發。
[實施例] <評估測試1>
為了驗證本發明之實施形態的效果,而進行以下的測試。使用圖17所示之基板處理系統,在評估用之晶圓W進行絕緣膜之成膜,並評估絕緣膜之蝕刻強度。
[實施例1]
將在絕緣膜的成膜方法之紫外線照射步驟在N2氣體環境下以劑量成為2000mJ/cm2方式照射主要之波長為172nm的紫外線的例子當作實施例1-1。此外,晶圓W係在塗佈實施形態所示之塗佈液後,在溶劑揮發步驟,對晶圓W在150℃加熱3分鐘,然後,不進行回流焊步驟,而進行紫外線照射步驟。在接著之硬化步驟,在熱處理爐內,在已供給水蒸汽之狀態,進行在400℃30分鐘、在450℃120分鐘之2階段的加熱後,在N2氣體環境下在450℃加熱30分鐘。此外,塗佈膜之目標膜厚係當作100nm。
[比較例1、2]
又,將在紫外線照射步驟,除了在大氣體環境照射2000mJ/cm2之紫外線以外,與實施例1-1一樣地處理之例子當作比較例1。又,將除了不進行紫外線之照射以外,與實施例1-1一樣地處理之例子當作比較例2。
在實施例1、比較例1、2的各個,藉0.5%之稀氟酸進行濕蝕刻,評估每單位 時間之蝕刻量(蝕刻速率),並求得在將對0.5%之稀氟酸之矽之熱氧化膜的蝕刻速率當作1時之在各個例子之相對的蝕刻速率。在以下的實施例,根據此相對的蝕刻速率來評估蝕刻強度。
在比較例1、2之相對的蝕刻速率係各自是3.74、5.55。相對地,在實施例1之相對的蝕刻速率係2.04。
若依據本結果,在將含有聚矽氮烷之塗佈液塗佈於晶圓W而進行絕緣膜之成膜時,對硬化步驟前之塗佈膜在N2氣體環境下照射紫外線的能量,藉此,可提高蝕刻強度。
進而,在實施例1及比較例1之各個,使用(FT-IR:傅立葉變換紅外分光光度計),評估在紫外線照射處理的前後及硬化處理後之原子鍵結的量。在比較例1,係在紫外線照射處理之後,Si-H鍵結減少,Si-O鍵結增加。又,在實施例1,係在紫外線照射處理之後,雖然Si-H鍵結之減少係觀察到,但是Si-O鍵結係未增加,在硬化處理後Si-O鍵結增加。
從本結果推測時,認為藉由進行紫外線照射處理,Si-H鍵結減少,可形成懸鍵,但是在大氣體環境進行紫外線照射處理時,在硬化處理之前,進行橋接反應,在N2氣體環境進行紫外線照射處理時,可抑制硬化處理之前的橋接反應。而且,推測在硬化處理之前形成懸鍵,且藉由抑制橋接反應,蝕刻強度變高。
又,在將紫外線之劑量設定成3000及4000mJ/cm2的情況,評估相對的蝕刻速率時,各自是2.70、2.42,在約4000mJ/cm2之紫外線的劑量,亦可得到強度高的絕緣膜。
<評估測試2>
為了驗證重複地執行對晶圓W之塗佈液的塗佈與對塗佈膜之紫外線照射處理複數次後,進行硬化處理之效果,根據以下的實施例,使用圖17所示之基板處理系統,在晶圓W進行絕緣膜之成膜,與實施例1一樣地求得相對的蝕刻速率,並評估絕緣膜之蝕刻強度。
[實施例2-1]
在對評估用之晶圓W塗佈第一次之塗佈液後,在溶劑揮發步驟,對晶圓W在150℃加熱3分鐘,然後,不進行回流焊步驟,而與實施形態一樣地進行紫外線照射步驟。在紫外線照射步驟,將在N2氣體環境下所照射之波長172nm之紫外線的劑量設定成4000mJ/cm2。進而,作為第2次之塗佈液的塗佈,在塗佈量與第一次之塗佈液相同的塗佈液後,在溶劑揮發步驟,對晶圓W在150℃加熱3分鐘,然後,不進行回流焊步驟,而與實施形態一樣地進行紫外線照射步驟。將然後進行與實施例1相同之硬化步驟的例子當作實施例2-1。此外,在第一次之塗佈液的塗佈及第2次之塗佈液的塗佈之塗佈液的供給量係大約與實施例1相同,硬化處理後之塗佈膜的目標膜厚係當作200nm。
[實施例2-2]
將塗佈液之塗佈量當作實施例之約2倍的量,將塗佈膜的目標膜厚係當作200nm,進行成膜,將除了在紫外線照射步驟將在N2氣體環境下所照射之波長172nm之紫外線的劑量設定成4000mJ/cm2以外,與實施例1一樣地進行處理的例子當作實施例2-2。
在實施例2-1及2-2之相對的蝕刻速率係各自是2.27、2.56。得知在實施例2-1及2-2之任一例都相對的蝕刻速率變低,蝕刻強度高。又,得知實施例2-1係相對的蝕刻速率比實施例2-2更低。
若依據本結果,可說藉由重複地執行對晶圓W之塗佈液的塗佈與對塗佈膜之紫外線照射處理複數次,可得到更緻密且良好的絕緣膜。
<評估測試3>
又,為了驗證在溶劑揮發步驟之晶圓W的加熱溫度的效果,根據以下的實施例,使用圖17所示之基板處理系統,在晶圓W進行絕緣膜之成膜,並評估絕緣膜之蝕刻強度。
[實施例3-1]
晶圓W係在塗佈實施形態所示之塗佈液後,在溶劑揮發步驟,對晶圓W在150℃加熱3分鐘,然後,不進行回流焊步驟,而進行紫外線照射步驟。在接著之硬化步驟,係在熱處理爐內,在已供給水蒸汽之狀態,進行在400℃30分鐘、在450℃120分鐘之2階段的加熱後,在N2氣體環境下在450℃加熱30分鐘。此外,塗佈膜之目標膜厚係當作100nm。
[實施例3-2、3-3]
將除了將在溶劑揮發步驟之晶圓W的加熱溫度設定成200℃、250℃以外,與實施例3-1一樣地進行處理的例子分別當作實施例3-2、3-3。
在實施例3-1、3-2以及3-3之相對的蝕刻速率係各自是3.68、2.74以及2.74。可說藉由提高在溶劑揮發步驟之晶圓W的加熱溫度,可得到更緻密且良好 的絕緣膜。

Claims (16)

  1. 一種絕緣膜之成膜方法,係在淺槽隔離之槽部形成絕緣膜,其特徵為包含:塗佈膜形成步驟,將塗佈液塗佈於基板而形成塗佈膜,該塗佈液係以用來形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物溶解於溶劑而得;溶劑揮發步驟,使該塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發;能量供給步驟,在本步驟之後,為了在構成該前驅物之分子簇產生懸鍵,在氧濃度比大氣更低的低氧環境向該塗佈膜供給能量;以及硬化步驟,在該能量供給步驟之後,對該基板加熱,使該前驅物橋接,而形成絕緣膜。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,在使該溶劑揮發的步驟之後,進行為了使塗佈膜的分子簇重排列而對基板加熱的回流焊步驟。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,該能量供給步驟係於該回流焊步驟之後,在使基板之溫度降溫的狀態所進行。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,進行該能量供給步驟之低氧環境係氧濃度為400ppm以下。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,該低氧環境係含有惰性氣體之環境。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,該能量係主要之波長比200nm更短之紫外線的能量。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,對該塗佈膜所供給之紫外線的能量係5000mJ/cm2以下的能量。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,將從該形成塗佈膜之步驟至該供給能量之步驟的步驟群重複地執行複數次,然後,進行該硬化步驟。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,該硬化步驟係在水蒸汽環境下對基板加熱。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣膜的成膜方法,其中,在該硬化步驟之基板的加熱溫度係300℃以上且450℃以下。
  11. 一種絕緣膜的成膜裝置,係用於在基板亦即半導體晶圓上的淺槽隔離之槽部形成絕緣膜,包括:塗佈模組,用以將塗佈液塗佈於基板而形成塗佈膜,該塗佈液係使用以形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物溶解於溶劑而得;溶劑揮發模組,用以使該塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發;能量供給模組,為了使該前驅物變成活化,在氧濃度比大氣更低的低氧環境對溶劑已揮發的塗佈膜供給能量;硬化模組,用以對在該能量供給模組已處理後的基板加熱,使該前驅物橋接,而形成絕緣膜;以及 基板搬運機構,用以在各模組之間搬運基板。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之絕緣膜的成膜裝置,其中,該溶劑揮發模組係對基板加熱之溶劑加熱用的加熱模組。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第11項之絕緣膜的成膜裝置,其中,具備回流焊用的加熱模組,該回流焊用的加熱模組為了使溶劑已揮發之塗佈膜中的分子簇重排列而對基板加熱。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第11項之絕緣膜的成膜裝置,其中,該能量供給模組係用以向塗佈膜照射主要之波長比200nm更短之紫外線的模組。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第11項之絕緣膜的成膜裝置,其中,該硬化模組對基板供給水蒸汽而加熱之。
  16. 一種基板處理系統,係用於在基板亦即半導體晶圓上的淺槽隔離之槽部形成絕緣膜,包括:基板處理裝置,其包括:搬出入口,用以將基板裝入搬運容器,並搬入、搬出;塗佈模組,用以將塗佈液塗佈於基板而形成塗佈膜,該塗佈液係以形成含有氧化矽之絕緣膜的前驅物溶解於溶劑而得;溶劑揮發模組,用以使該塗佈膜中之溶劑揮發;能量供給模組,為了使該前驅物變成活化,而在氧濃度比大氣更低的低氧環境對溶劑已揮發的塗佈膜供給能量;以及基板搬運機構,用以在各模組及該搬出入口之間搬運基板;硬化裝置,對在該能量供給模組已處理後的基板加熱,使該前驅物橋接,而形成絕緣膜;以及 容器搬運機構,用以在該基板處理裝置的該搬出入口與該硬化裝置之間搬運該搬運容器。
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