TWI659011B - 茀衍生物及其利用 - Google Patents
茀衍生物及其利用 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI659011B TWI659011B TW104110074A TW104110074A TWI659011B TW I659011 B TWI659011 B TW I659011B TW 104110074 A TW104110074 A TW 104110074A TW 104110074 A TW104110074 A TW 104110074A TW I659011 B TWI659011 B TW I659011B
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- YJUUZFWMKJBVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one Chemical compound CN1CN(C)C(=O)C1 YJUUZFWMKJBVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UIJLKECZHOSSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl-bis(4-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=NC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=NC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UIJLKECZHOSSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CECAIMUJVYQLKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium 1-phenylisoquinoline Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 CECAIMUJVYQLKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(dinaphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=C21 QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-2-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=C1 BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKQHEBAYOGHIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[9-[4-(dinaphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]fluoren-9-yl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3(C=4C=CC(=CC=4)N(C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)C4=CC=CC=C4C=4C3=CC=CC=4)=CC=C21 PKQHEBAYOGHIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKFCORSLOUZJMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[9-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]fluoren-9-yl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 LKFCORSLOUZJMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- RYZPDEZIQWOVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-naphthalen-1-yl-n-[4-[4-[naphthalen-1-yl(naphthalen-2-yl)amino]phenyl]phenyl]naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=CC2=C1 RYZPDEZIQWOVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MXQOYLRVSVOCQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C.CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C MXQOYLRVSVOCQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxy radical Chemical compound O=C1C=C[CH]C=C1 KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentafluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)(F)F OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000734 polysilsesquioxane polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005951 trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(3-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=C(C=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)borane Chemical compound CC1=C(B(C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C(C)=CC(C)=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C43/14—Unsaturated ethers
- C07C43/17—Unsaturated ethers containing halogen
- C07C43/174—Unsaturated ethers containing halogen containing six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C43/1745—Unsaturated ethers containing halogen containing six-membered aromatic rings having more than one ether bound
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/68—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/48—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated and containing rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/76—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and etherified hydroxy groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/22—Luminous paints
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/06—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
- C07C2603/10—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings
- C07C2603/12—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
- C07C2603/14—Benz[f]indenes; Hydrogenated benz[f]indenes
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- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/06—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
- C07C2603/10—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings
- C07C2603/12—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
- C07C2603/18—Fluorenes; Hydrogenated fluorenes
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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Abstract
本發明係提供以下式(1)表示之茀衍生物。
Description
本發明係有關茀衍生物及其利用。
有機電致發光(EL)元件係使用由有機化合物所構成之電荷輸送性薄膜作為發光層或電荷注入層。特別是電洞注入層擔任陽極與電洞輸送層或發光層之電荷授受,完成重要的機能,以達成有機EL元件之低電壓驅動及高亮度。
電洞注入層之形成方法,大分類為蒸鍍法所代表的乾式製程與旋轉塗佈法所代表的濕式製程。相較於此等各製程時,濕式製程可在大面積上有效率地製造平坦性高的薄膜。因此,有機EL顯示器之大面積化正進行的現在,期待可以濕式製程形成的電洞注入層。
有鑑於這種情形,本發明人等開發了可適用於各種濕式製程,同時適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層的情形時,提供可實現優異之特性之薄膜的電荷輸送性材料或對於該材料所用之有機溶劑之溶解性良好的化合物(例如參照專利文獻1~4)。
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2008/032616號
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2008/129947號
[專利文獻3]國際公開第2006/025342號
[專利文獻4]國際公開第2010/058777號
本發明也與目前為止已開發之前述專利文獻的技術同樣,本發明之目的係提供對於有機溶劑顯示良好的溶解性,同時經薄膜化適用於電洞注入層的情形時,可實現具有優異之亮度特性之有機EL元件的茀衍生物。
本發明人等,為了達成前述目的,而精心檢討的結果,發現特定之茀衍生物對於有機溶劑具有優異之溶解性,由使其溶解於有機溶劑所調製的清漆,得到發揮高電荷輸送性的薄膜,及將該薄膜適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層的情形時,可得到高亮度的元件,而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明提供下述茀衍生物及其利用。
1.一種茀衍生物,其係以下式(1)表示者,
[式中,R1及R2互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、碳數2~20之雜芳基、碳數1~20之烷氧基、碳數2~20之烯氧基、碳數2~20之炔氧基、碳數6~20之芳氧基、碳數2~20之雜芳氧基、或含有至少1個醚結構的碳數2~20之烷基(但是R1及R2之至少一方表示前述烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、芳氧基、雜芳氧基及含有至少1個醚結構之烷基之任一),R3及R4互相獨立表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基、可被Z2取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基、可被Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳氧基、或可被Z2取代之碳數2~20之雜芳氧基,各R3及各R4彼此可相同或相異,Z1表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20
之烯氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z3表示鹵素原子、硝基或氰基,n1及n2各自表示取代基R3及R4之數,互相獨立為0~3之整數,Ar1及Ar2互相獨立表示以式(A1)~(A13)表示之任一的基,
(式中,R表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、或可
被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基,各R彼此可相同或相異,n3~n6表示取代基R之數,n3表示0~3之整數,n4表示0~4之整數,n5表示0~5之整數,n6表示0~7之整數,各n3~n6彼此可相同或相異)]。
2.如前述第1項之茀衍生物,其中R1及R2皆為含有至少1個醚結構之碳數2~20之烷基。
3.如前述第1或2項之茀衍生物,其中n1及n2皆為0。
4.一種電荷輸送性物質,其係由如前述第1~3項中任一項之茀衍生物所構成。
5.一種電荷輸送性清漆,其係含有如前述第4項之電荷輸送性物質、及有機溶劑。
6.如前述第5項之電荷輸送性清漆,其係進一步含有摻雜劑。
7.一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如前述第5或6項之電荷輸送性清漆製作者。
8.一種有機電致發光元件,其係具有如前述第7項之電荷輸送性薄膜。
9.一種如前述第1項之茀衍生物之製造方法,其係使以式(1")或(1''')表示之硼酸酯體與以式(A')及(A")表示之化合物,在觸媒存在下,進行交叉偶合(cross couplings)反應。
(式中,R1~R4、Ar1、Ar2、n1及n2係與前述相同。X互相獨立表示鹵素原子或擬鹵素基。A1~A4互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基或碳數6~20之芳基,A5及A6互相獨立表示碳數1~20之烷二基(alkanediyl group)或碳數6~20之伸芳基)。
本發明之茀衍生物,由於對有機溶劑之溶解性優異,因此藉由使溶解於有機溶劑,可容易調製電荷輸送性清漆。
由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所製作之薄膜,顯示高的電荷輸送性,故非常適合作為以有機EL元件為首之電子裝置用薄膜使用。特別是由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜,因具有適當之游離電位(ionization potential),故非常適合作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層使用。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性清漆,即使在使用旋轉塗佈法或狹縫塗佈法等,可大面積成膜之各種濕式製程的情形,也可再現性良好製作電荷輸送性優異之薄膜,因此,可充分因應近年之有機EL元件領域之進展。
本發明之茀衍生物係以式(1)表示。
式中,R1及R2互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、碳數2~20之雜芳基、碳數1~20之烷氧基、碳數2~20之烯氧基、碳數2~20之炔氧基、碳數6~20之芳氧基、碳數2~20之雜芳氧基、或含有至少1個醚結構的碳數2~20之烷基。但是R1及R2之至少一方表示前述烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、芳氧基、雜芳氧基及含有至少1個醚結構之烷基之任一。
R3及R4互相獨立表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基、可被Z2取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基、可被Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳氧基、或可被Z2取
代之碳數2~20之雜芳氧基。各R3彼此可相同或相異,各R4彼此也可相同或相異。
Z1表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z2表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z3表示鹵素原子、硝基或氰基。
鹵素原子可列舉氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。
碳數1~20之烷基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀、環狀之任一,其具體例可列舉甲基、乙基、n-丙基、異丙基、n-丁基、異丁基、s-丁基、t-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基、n-壬基、n-癸基等之碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分枝狀烷基;環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、雙環丁基、雙環戊基、雙環己基、雙環庚基、雙環辛基、雙環壬基、雙環癸基等之
碳數3~20之環狀烷基。
碳數2~20之烯基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀、環狀之任一,其具體例可列舉如乙烯基、n-1-丙烯基、n-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、n-1-丁烯基、n-2-丁烯基、n-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、n-1-戊烯基、n-1-癸烯基、n-1-二十烯基等。
碳數2~20之炔基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀、環狀之任一,其具體例可列舉如乙炔基、n-1-丙炔基、n-2-丙炔基、n-1-丁炔基、n-2-丁炔基、n-3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、n-1-戊炔基、n-2-戊炔基、n-3-戊炔基、n-4-戊炔基、1-甲基-n-丁炔基、2-甲基-n-丁炔基、3-甲基-n-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-n-丙炔基、n-1-己炔基、n-1-癸炔基、n-1-十五炔基、n-1-二十炔基等。
碳數6~20之芳基之具體例,可列舉苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基、9-菲基等。
碳數2~20之雜芳基之具體例,可列舉2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-異噁唑基、4-異噁唑基、5-異噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、3-異噻唑基、4-異噻唑基、5-異噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基等。
碳數1~20之烷氧基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀、
環狀之任一,其具體例可列舉甲氧基、乙氧基、n-丙氧基、異丙氧基、n-丁氧基、異丁氧基、s-丁氧基、t-丁氧基、n-戊氧基、n-己氧基、n-庚氧基、n-辛氧基、n-壬氧基、n-癸氧基等之碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分枝狀烷氧基;環丙氧基、環丁氧基、環戊氧基、環己氧基、環庚氧基、環辛氧基、環壬氧基、環癸氧基、雙環丁氧基、雙環戊氧基、雙環己氧基、雙環庚氧基、雙環辛氧基、雙環壬氧基、雙環癸氧基等之碳數3~20之環狀烷氧基。
碳數2~20之烯氧基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀、環狀之任一,其具體例可列舉如乙烯氧基、n-1-丙烯氧基、n-2-丙烯氧基、1-甲基乙烯氧基、n-1-丁烯氧基、n-2-丁烯氧基、n-3-丁烯氧基、2-甲基-1-丙烯氧基、2-甲基-2-丙烯氧基、1-乙基乙烯氧基、1-甲基-1-丙烯氧基、1-甲基-2-丙烯氧基、n-1-戊烯氧基、n-1-癸烯氧基、n-1-二十烯氧基等。
碳數2~20之炔氧基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀、環狀之任一,其具體例可列舉如乙炔氧基、n-1-丙炔氧基、n-2-丙炔氧基、n-1-丁炔氧基、n-2-丁炔氧基、n-3-丁炔氧基、1-甲基-2-丙炔氧基、n-1-戊炔氧基、n-2-戊炔氧基、n-3-戊炔氧基、n-4-戊炔氧基、1-甲基-n-丁炔氧基、2-甲基-n-丁炔氧基、3-甲基-n-丁炔氧基、1,1-二甲基-n-丙炔氧基、n-1-己炔氧基、n-1-癸炔氧基、n-1-十五炔氧基、n-1-二十炔氧基等。
碳數6~20之芳氧基之具體例,可列舉苯氧
基、1-萘氧基、2-萘氧基、1-蒽氧基、2-蒽氧基、9-蒽氧基、1-菲氧基、2-菲氧基、3-菲氧基、4-菲氧基、9-菲氧基等。
碳數2~20之雜芳氧基之具體例,可列舉2-噻吩氧基、3-噻吩氧基、2-呋喃氧基、3-呋喃氧基、2-噁唑氧基、4-噁唑氧基、5-噁唑氧基、3-異噁唑氧基、4-異噁唑氧基、5-異噁唑氧基、2-噻唑氧基、4-噻唑氧基、5-噻唑氧基、3-異噻唑氧基、4-異噻唑氧基、5-異噻唑氧基、2-咪唑氧基、4-咪唑氧基、2-吡啶氧基、3-吡啶氧基、4-吡啶氧基等。
含有至少1個醚結構的碳數2~20之烷基,可列舉至少1個亞甲基被氧原子取代之直鏈狀或分枝狀之烷基。但是並非與茀骨架鍵結之亞甲基被氧原子取代者,且非為相鄰接之亞甲基同時被氧原子所取代者。這種基若考慮原料化合物之取得容易性時,較佳為以式(A)表示之基,其中,更佳為以式(B)表示之基。
-(RAO)r-RB (A)
-(CH2CH2O)r-CH3 (B)
(式中,RA表示碳數1~4之直鏈狀或分枝狀之伸烷基,RB表示碳數1~[20-(RA之碳數)×r]之直鏈狀或分枝狀之烷基,r為1~9之整數。r從與摻雜劑之相溶性的觀點,較佳為2以上、更佳為3以上,從原料化合物之取得容易性的觀點,較佳為5以下、更佳為4以下)。
含有至少1個醚結構的碳數2~20之烷基,可
列舉-CH2OCH3、-CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2O(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OCH(CH3)2、-CH2O(CH2)3CH3、-CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2O(CH2)4CH3、-CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2O(CH2)5CH3、-CH2OCH2CH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3、-CH2O(CH2)3CH(CH3)2、-CH2OC(CH3)2(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(CH3)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2O(CH2)6CH3、-CH2O(CH2)7CH3、-CH2OCH2CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2O(CH2)8CH3、-CH2O(CH2)9CH3、-CH2O(CH2)10CH3、-CH2O(CH2)11CH3、-CH2O(CH2)12CH3、-CH2O(CH2)13CH3、-CH2O(CH2)14CH3、-CH2O(CH2)15CH3、-CH2O(CH2)16CH3、-CH2O(CH2)17CH3、-CH2O(CH2)18CH3、-CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)4CH3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)5CH3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3、
-CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2OC(CH3)2(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2OC(CH3)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2O(CH2)6CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)7CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)8CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)9CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)10CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)11CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)12CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)13CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)14CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)15CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)16CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)17CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)4CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)5CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH(CH3)2、
-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)2(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)6CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)7CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH3、
-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)8CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)9CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)10CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)11CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)12CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)13CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)14CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)15CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)16CH3等。
R1及R2之至少一方為前述烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、芳氧基、雜芳氧基、或含有至少1個醚結構的烷基,但是兩方均為此等基之任一較佳。
從合成之容易性的觀點,R1及R2為相同之基為佳。
式(1)中,n1及n2各自表示取代基R3及R4之數,互相獨立為0~3之整數,但是從提高本發明之茀衍生物之電荷輸送性的觀點,較佳為0~2,更佳為0或1,最佳為0。特別是n1及n2皆為0較佳。
式(1)中,Ar1及Ar2互相獨立表示以式(A1)~(A13)表示之任一的基。
此等之中,較佳為以式(A1')~(A13')表示之任一的基。
式中,R表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、可被Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之烯氧
基、或可被Z3取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基。各R彼此可相同或相異。
這種烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烯氧基及炔氧基之具體例,可列舉與前述者相同者。
式中,n3~n6表示取代基R之數,n3表示0~3之整數,n4表示0~4之整數,n5表示0~5之整數,n6表示0~7之整數,但是從電荷輸送性之觀點,此等較佳為0~2,更佳為0或1,最佳為0。各n3~n6彼此可相同或相異。
其中,從提高本發明之茀衍生物對有機溶劑之溶解性的觀點,較佳為以式(A1)、(A5)表示之基,更佳為以式(A1')、(A5')表示之基。又,由使含有本發明之茀衍生物與有機溶劑的清漆所得之薄膜之游離電位變深的觀點,較佳為以式(A5)~(13)表示之基,更佳為以式(A5')~(A13')表示之基。
Ar1及Ar2同時以式(A1)~(A13)表示之任一之基為佳,同時以式(A1')~(A13')表示之任一之基更佳。
本發明之茀衍生物係依據下述圖解(Scheme)A,合成以式(1')表示之中間體後,例如可利用鈴木.宮浦偶合反應來合成。
(式中,R1~R4、n1及n2係與前述相同。X互相獨立表示鹵素原子或擬鹵素(pseudohalogen)基)。
鹵素原子可列舉氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。又,擬鹵素基可列舉甲烷磺醯氧基、三氟甲烷磺醯氧基、九氟丁烷磺醯氧基等之氟烷基磺醯氧基;苯磺醯氧基、甲苯磺醯氧基等之芳香族磺醯氧基等。
利用鈴木.宮浦偶合反應,由以式(1')表示之中間體,合成本發明之茀衍生物之方法例如以下所示。
首先,如下述圖解B1所示,使以式(1')表示之中間體與以式(B)表示之二硼酸酯,在觸媒存在下產生反應,合成硼酸酯體(1")。
(式中,R1~R4、X、n1及n2係與前述相同。A1~A4互
相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基或碳數6~20之芳基)。
或如下述圖解B2所示,使以式(1')表示之中間體與以式(B')表示之二硼酸酯,在觸媒存在下產生反應,合成硼酸酯體(1''')。
(式中,R1~R4、X、n1及n2係與前述相同。A5及A6互相獨立表示碳數1~20之烷二基或碳數6~20之伸芳基)。
這種烷基或芳基之具體例,可列舉與前述者相同者。
碳數1~20之烷二基,可列舉伸甲基、伸乙基、丙烷-1,2-二基、丙烷-1,3-二基、2,2-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二基、2-乙基-2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基、2,2-二乙基丙烷-1,3-二基、2-甲基-2-丙基丙烷-1,3-二基、丁烷-1,3-二基、丁烷-2,3-二基、丁烷-1,4-二基、2-甲基丁烷-2,3-二基、2,3-二甲基丁烷-2,3-二基、戊烷-1,3-二基、戊烷-1,5-二基、戊烷-2,3-二基、戊烷-2,4-二基、2-甲基戊烷-2,3-二基、3-甲基戊烷-2,3-二基、4-甲基戊烷-2,3-二基、2,3-二甲基戊烷-
2,3-二基、3-甲基戊烷-2,4-二基、3-乙基戊烷-2,4-二基、3,3-二甲基戊烷-2,4-二基、3,3-二甲基戊烷-2,4-二基、2,4-二甲基戊烷-2,4-二基、己烷-1,6-二基、己烷-1,2-二基、己烷-1,3-二基、己烷-2,3-二基、己烷-2,4-二基、己烷-2,5-二基、2-甲基己烷-2,3-二基、4-甲基己烷-2,3-二基、3-甲基己烷-2,4-二基、2,3-二甲基己烷-2,4-二基、2,4-二甲基己烷-2,4-二基、2,5-二甲基己烷-2,4-二基、2-甲基己烷-2,5-二基、3-甲基己烷-2,5-二基、2,5-二甲基己烷-2,5-二基等。
碳數6~20之伸芳基,可列舉1,2-伸苯基、1,2-亞萘基、2,3-亞萘基、1,8-亞萘基、1,2-亞蒽基(anthrylene)、2,3-亞蒽基、1,2-菲基(Phenanthrylene)、3,4-菲基、9,10-菲基等。
圖解B1或B2之反應中使用之觸媒,可列舉[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦)二茂鐵(ferrocene)]鈀(II)二氯化物(PdCl2(dppf))、四(三苯基膦)鈀(Pd(PPh3)4)、雙(三苯基膦)二氯鈀(Pd(PPh3)2Cl2)、雙(亞苄基丙酮)鈀(Pd(dba)2)、三(亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(Pd2(dba)3)、雙(三-t-丁基膦)鈀(Pd(P-t-Bu3)2)等之鈀觸媒等。
其次,如下述圖解C1或C2所示,使用硼酸酯體(1")或(1''')與以式(A')及(A")表示之化合物,在觸媒存在下,進行交叉偶合反應,可合成式(1)表示之茀衍生物。
(式中,R1~R4、Ar1、Ar2、X、A1~A4、n1及n2係與前述相同)。
(式中,R1~R4、Ar1、Ar2、X、A5、A6、n1及n2係與前述相同)。
圖解C1或C2之反應中使用的觸媒,可列舉前述鈀觸媒等。
圖解B1或B2及C1或C2之反應中使用的溶劑,較佳為非質子性極性有機溶劑,可列舉例如N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲基亞碸、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等。從反應後之反應溶劑之除去容易性的觀點,較佳為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等。
反應溫度通常可為由-50℃至使用之溶劑的沸點為止,但是較佳為0~140℃之範圍。反應時間通常為0.1~100小時。
反應終了後,依據常法進行後處理,可得到目的之茀衍生物。
本發明之電荷輸送性清漆,包含由前述茀衍生物所構成之電荷輸送性物質及有機溶劑。
調製電荷輸送性清漆時所使用之有機溶劑,可使用可良好溶解電荷輸送性物質及後述之摻雜劑之高溶解性溶劑。
這種高溶解性溶劑,可列舉例如環己酮、
N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮等之有機溶劑,但是不受此限定。此等溶劑可1種單獨使用或2種以上混合使用,其使用量係清漆所使用之全溶劑中,可設為5~100質量%。
又,電荷輸送性物質及摻雜劑,較佳為均完全溶解於前述溶劑中,或成為均勻分散的狀態,更佳為完全溶解。
又,本發明之清漆可含有至少1種在25℃下具有10~200mPa.s、特別是35~150mPa.s之黏度,常壓(大氣壓)下,沸點50~300℃、特別是150~250℃之高黏度有機溶劑。添加這種溶劑,使清漆之黏度調整變得容易,可再現性良好提供平坦性高的薄膜,可調製配合使用之塗佈方法的清漆。
高黏度有機溶劑,可列舉例如環己醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二環氧丙基醚、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等,但是不受此限定。
高黏度有機溶劑相對於本發明之清漆所用之溶劑全體之添加比例,較佳為固體不析出的範圍內,在固體不析出的範圍內,添加比例較佳為5~80質量%。
此外,為了提高對基板之潤濕性,調整溶劑之表面張力、調整極性、調整沸點等之目的,其他的溶劑在清漆所使用的全溶劑中,可混合1~90質量%,較佳為以1~50質量%之比例混合。
這種溶劑可列舉例如丙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二丙酮醇、γ-丁內酯、乙基乳酸酯、n-己基乙酸酯等,但是不受此限定。此等之溶劑可1種單獨使用或2種以上混合使用。
本發明之清漆之黏度,可配合製作之薄膜之厚度或固體成分濃度等,適宜設定,但是通常25℃下為1~50mPa.s。又,本發明之電荷輸送性清漆之固體成分濃度係考慮清漆之黏度及表面張力等或製作之薄膜之厚度等,來適宜設定者。但是通常為0.1~10.0質量%左右,考慮提高清漆之塗佈性時,較佳為0.5~5.0質量%、更佳為1.0~3.0質量%。又,固體成分係指清漆之成分之中,除去有機溶劑者。
本發明之電荷輸送性清漆,配合所得之薄膜的用途,以提高該電荷輸送能等為目的,也可含有摻雜劑。摻雜劑只要是可溶解於清漆所使用之至少1種溶劑者時,即無特別限定,可使用無機系摻雜劑、有機系摻雜劑之任一。
使用摻雜劑的情形,其調配量係因摻雜劑之種類而異,故無法一概限定,通常相對於本發明之茀衍生物1,以質量比表示為0.5~5.0左右。
無機系摻雜劑,可列舉氯化氫、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等之無機酸;氯化鋁(III)(AlCl3)、四氯化鈦(IV)(TiCl4)、三溴化硼(BBr3)、三氟化硼醚錯合物(BF3.OEt2)、氯化鐵(III)(FeCl3)、氯化銅(II)(CuCl2)、五氯化銻(V)(SbCl5)、五氟化銻(V)(SbF5)、五氟化砷(V)(AsF5)、五氟化磷(PF5)、參(4-溴苯基)六氯銻酸鋁(TBPAH)等之金屬鹵化物;Cl2、Br2、I2、ICl、ICl3、IBr、IF4等之鹵素;磷鉬酸、磷鎢酸等之雜多酸等。
有機系摻雜劑可舉例如苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、p-苯乙烯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-羥基苯磺酸、5-磺基水楊酸、p-十二烷基苯磺酸、二己基苯磺酸、2,5-二己基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、6,7-二丁基-2-萘磺酸、十二烷基萘磺酸、3-十二烷基-2-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、4-己基-1-萘磺酸、辛基萘磺酸、2-辛基-1-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、7-己基-1-萘磺酸、6-己基-2-萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4-萘磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4,5-萘二磺酸、國際公開第2005/000832號記載之1,4-苯並二噁烷二磺酸化合物、國際公開第2006/025342號記載之芳基磺酸化合物、國際公開第2009/096352號記載之芳基磺酸化合物、聚苯乙烯磺酸等的芳基磺酸化合物等。此等無機系及有機系的摻雜劑可1種單獨使用,也可2種以上組合使用。
較佳的摻雜劑,可列舉磷鎢酸等之雜多酸或以下述式表示之芳基磺酸化合物,但是不受此限定。
電荷輸送性清漆之調製法,無特別限定,可列舉例如使電荷輸送性物質、摻雜劑等溶解於高溶解性溶劑中,然後添加高黏度有機溶劑的方法或混合高溶解性溶劑與高黏度有機溶劑,然後使本發明之電荷輸送性物質、摻雜劑等溶解於其中的方法。
本發明中,電荷輸送性清漆,由再現性良好得到平坦性更高之薄膜的觀點,使電荷輸送性物質、摻雜劑等溶解於有機溶劑後,使用次微米等級的過濾器等進行過濾較佳。
將本發明之電荷輸送性清漆塗佈於基材上,藉由燒成,可在基材上形成電荷輸送性薄膜。
清漆之塗佈方法,可列舉浸漬法、旋轉塗佈
法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、毛刷塗佈、噴墨法、噴霧法、狹縫塗佈法等,但是不受此限定。配合塗佈方法,調節清漆之黏度及表面張力為佳。
又,使用本發明之清漆的情形,燒成環境未特別限定,不僅在大氣環境,即使在氮等的惰性氣體或真空中,亦可得到具有均勻成膜面及高電荷輸送性的薄膜,但是考慮更高再現性得到電荷輸送性優異的薄膜時,大氣環境較佳。
燒成溫度考量所得之薄膜的用途、賦予所得之薄膜的電荷輸送性之程度等,在100~260℃左右之範圍內適當設定,但將所得之薄膜作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層使用時,較佳為140~250℃左右,更佳為145~240℃左右。
又,燒成之際,為了使展現更高之均勻成膜性,或使反應在基材上進行為目的,亦可設置二階段以上的溫度變化。加熱可使用例如加熱板或烘箱等適當的機器來進行即可。
電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚未特別限定,但是在有機EL元件內作為電洞注入層使用時,較佳為5~200nm。使膜厚變化之方法,例如有使清漆中之固體成分濃度變化的方法、或使塗佈時基板上的溶液量變化的等方法。
本發明之有機EL元件係具有一對電極,在此等電極之間具有前述本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜者。
有機EL元件之代表的構成,可列舉下述(a)~(f),但是不受此限定。又,下述構成中,必要時,也可在發光層與陽極之間設置電子阻擋層(electron blocking layer)等,在發光層與陰極之間設置電洞(hole)阻擋層(hole blocking layer)等。又,電洞注入層、電洞輸送層或電洞注入輸送層也可兼備作為電子阻擋層等之機能,電子注入層、電子輸送層或電子注入輸送層也可兼備作為電洞阻擋層等之機能。
(a)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(b)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(c)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(d)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(e)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/陰極
(f)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/陰極
「電洞注入層」、「電洞輸送層」及「-電洞注入輸送層」係指形成於發光層與陽極之間的層,且具有使電洞由陽極輸送至發光層之機能者。在發光層與陽極之間,僅設置1層電洞輸送性材料之層的情形,其為「電洞
注入輸送層」,在發光層與陽極之間,設置2層以上之電洞輸送性材料之層的情形,靠近陽極之層為「電洞注入層」,其他以外的層為「電洞輸送層」。特別是電洞注入層及電洞注入輸送層使用不僅來自陽極之電洞受容性,且對各自電洞輸送層及發光層之電洞注入性也優異的薄膜。
「電子注入層」、「電子輸送層」及「電子注入輸送層」係指形成於發光層與陰極之間的層,且具有使電子由陰極輸送至發光層之機能者。在發光層與陰極之間,僅設置1層電子輸送性材料之層的情形,其為「電子注入輸送層」,在發光層與陰極之間,設置2層以上之電子輸送性材料之層的情形,靠近陰極之層為「電子注入層」,其他以外的層為「電子輸送層」。
「發光層」係指具有發光機能之有機層,採用摻雜系統的情形,含有主體材料與摻雜劑材料。此時,主體材料主要是促進電子與電洞之再結合,且具有將激子關閉於發光層內之機能,摻雜劑材料具有使再結合所得之激子有效率地發光的機能。燐光元件的情形,主體材料主要具有在摻雜劑生成之激子關閉於發光層內之機能。
本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜,在有機EL元件中,可適合作為電洞注入層、電洞輸送層、電洞注入輸送層使用,可更適合作為電洞注入層使用。
使用本發明之電荷輸送性清漆製作有機EL元件時之使用材料或製作方法,可舉例如下述者,但不限定於此等。
使用的電極基板,預先藉由藉由洗劑、醇、純水等之液體洗淨使其淨化為佳,例如,陽極基板係在使用前進行UV臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等之表面處理為佳。但當陽極材料為以有機物作為主成分時,亦可不進行表面處理。
由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜為電洞注入層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之一例如以下所述。
藉由前述方法,於陽極基板上塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性清漆並燒成,在電極上製作電洞注入層。在此電洞注入層之上,依序設置電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層係配合使用之材料的特性等,可以蒸鍍法或塗佈法(濕式製程)之任一形成即可。
陽極材料可列舉以銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)所代表之透明電極,或以鋁所代表之金屬或由此等之合金等所構成之金屬陽極,經平坦化處理者為佳。亦可使用具有高電荷輸送性之聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
又,構成金屬陽極之其他的金屬,可列舉例如鈧、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鎵、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、鎘、銦、鈧、鑭、鈰、鐠、釹、鉅、釤、銪、釓、鋱、鏑、鈥、鉺、銩、鐿、鉿、鉈、鎢、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鈦、鉛、鉍或此等之合金
等,但是不受此限定。
形成電洞輸送層的材料,可列舉例如(三苯基胺)二聚物衍生物、[(三苯基胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N'-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺二茀、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺二茀、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-2,2'-二甲基聯苯胺、2,2',7,7'-四(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺二茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-聯苯基-4-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-萘-2-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N-萘-1-基-N-苯基胺基)-苯基]-9H-茀、2,2',7,7'-四[N-萘基(苯基)-胺基]-9,9-螺二茀、N,N'-雙(菲-9-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、2,2'-雙[N,N-雙(聯苯基-4-基)胺基]-9,9-螺二茀、2,2'-雙(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺二茀、二-[4-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)-苯基]環己烷、2,2',7,7'-四(N,N-二(p-甲苯基))胺基-9,9-螺二茀、N,N,N',N'-四-萘-2-基-聯苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3'-二甲基聯苯胺、N,N'-二(萘基)-N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-聯苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四(萘基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-N,N'-二苯基聯苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(m-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、
N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘-2,6-二胺、三(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2'-雙(3-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)苯基)聯苯、4,4',4"-三[3-甲基苯基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4',4"-三[1-萘基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(1-TNATA)等的三芳基胺類、5,5"-雙-{4-[雙(4-甲基苯基)胺基]苯基}-2,2':5',2"-三聯噻吩(BMA-3T)等的寡聚噻吩類等之電洞輸送性低分子材料等。
形成發光層的材料,可列舉例如三(8-羥基喹啉)鋁(III)(Alq3)、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅(II)(Znq2)、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(p-苯基酚鹽)鋁(III)(BAlq)、4,4'-雙(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)聯苯、9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2-t-丁基-9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2,7-雙[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2-甲基-9,10-雙(萘-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-螺二茀-2-基)-9,9-螺二茀、2,7-雙(9,9-螺二茀-2-基)-9,9-螺二茀、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2,2'-二芘基-9,9-螺二茀、1,3,5-三(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-雙[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-茀、2,2'-二(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-螺二茀、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(聯苯基-4-基)五環素、3,9-二(萘-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘-2-基)苝、三[4-(芘基)-苯基]胺、10,10'-二(聯苯基-4-基)-9,9'-聯蒽、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基-[1,1':4',1":4",1'''-四聯苯基]-4,4'''-二胺、4,4'-二[10-(萘-1-基)蒽-9-基]聯苯、二苯並{[f,f']-4,4',7,7'-四苯基}二茚并[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]苝、1-(7-(9,9'-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-
茀-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9'-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-三(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4',4"-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯基胺、4,4'-雙(咔唑-9-基)聯苯(CBP)、4,4'-雙(咔唑-9-基)-2,2'-二甲基聯苯、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基茀、2,2',7,7'-四(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺二茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(p-甲苯基)茀、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺二茀、1,4-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、1,3-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、雙(4-N,N-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基茀、4,4"-二(三苯基矽烷基)-p-三聯苯、4,4'-二(三苯基矽烷基)聯苯、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(三苯基矽烷基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-二(三苯甲基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-茀-9-基)-9H-咔唑、2,6-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)苯基)矽烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯並[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-茀-2-胺、3,5-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-螺二茀-2-基-二苯基-膦氧化物、9,9'-(5-(三苯基矽烷基)-1,3-伸苯基)雙(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-雙(二苯基磷醯基)-9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(p-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-氮雜二苯並[cd,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-菲繞啉、2,2'-雙(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)聯苯、2,8-雙(二苯基磷醯基)二苯並[b,d]噻吩、雙(2-甲基苯基)二苯基矽烷、雙[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基矽烷、3,6-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9-
(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷醯基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷醯基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-雙[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等,可藉由此等材料與發光性摻雜劑進行共蒸鍍,形成發光層。
發光性摻雜劑可列舉例如3-(2-苯並噻唑基)-7-(二乙基胺基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氫-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯並噻唑基)喹嗪并[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、喹吖啶酮、N,N'-二甲基-喹吖啶酮、三(2-苯基吡啶)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、三[2-(p-甲苯基)吡啶]銥(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-雙[N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、9,10-雙[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、雙[2-(2-羥基苯基)苯並噻唑(thiazolato)]鋅(II)、N10,N10,N10,N10-四(p-甲苯基)-9,9'-聯蒽(bianthracene)-10,10'-二胺、N10,N10,N10,N10-四苯基-9,9'-聯蒽-10,10'-二胺、N10,N10-二苯基-N10,N10-二萘基-9,9'-聯蒽-10,10'-二胺、4,4'-雙(9-乙基-3-咔唑伸乙烯基)-1,1'-聯苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝、1,4-雙[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑)乙烯基]苯、4,4'-雙[4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)-4'-[(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]茋、雙[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶基)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶基)]銥(III)、4,4'-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)四(1-吡唑基)硼酸酯銥(III)、N,N'-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-三(9,9-二甲基伸茀基)、2,7-雙{2-[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]-9,9-二甲基-茀-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-茀、N-(4-((E)-2-
(6((E)-4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)萘-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯並咪唑啉-2-亞基(ylidene)-C,C2)、mer-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯並咪唑啉-2-亞基-C,C2)、2,7-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-螺二茀、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯並[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯並[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)胺基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-雙(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘-2-胺、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四唑)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基亞膦酸酯)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)(苄基二苯基亞膦酸酯)銥(III)、雙(1-(2,4-二氟苄基)-3-甲基苯並咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶酯)銥(III)、雙(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-2-(2'-吡啶基)吡咯)銥(III)、雙(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)銥(III)、(Z)-6-三甲苯基(Mesityl)-N-(6-基喹啉-2(1H)-亞基)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲基胺基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-哌喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-久洛尼定基-9-烯基-4H-哌喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛尼定基-9-烯基)-4H-哌喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-t-丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛尼定基-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-哌喃、三(二苯甲醯基甲烷)菲繞啉銪(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基丁省、
雙(2-苯並[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)、雙(1-苯基異喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、雙[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)-異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、雙[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三[4,4'-二-t-丁基-(2,2')-二吡啶]釕(III).雙(六氟磷酸酯)、三(2-苯基喹啉)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、2,8-二-t-丁基-5,11-雙(4-t-丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基四並苯、雙(2-苯基苯並thiazolato)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯並卟啉白金、鋨(II)雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二苯基甲基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、雙[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉]銥(III)、三[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶酯)銥(III)、雙(2-(9,9-二乙基-茀-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯並[d]咪唑(imidazolato)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-色烯-2-歐尼(onate))銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二歐尼)銥(III)、雙(苯基異喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二歐尼)銥(III)、銥(III)雙(4-苯基噻吩並[3,2-c]吡啶-N,C2)乙醯基丙酮、(E)-2-(2-t-丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫-1H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-哌喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-
(1-異喹啉基)吡唑)(甲基二苯基膦)釕、雙[(4-n-己基苯基)異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、白金(II)八乙基卟吩、雙(2-甲基二苯並[f,h]喹喔啉)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三[(4-n-己基苯基)羥基喹啉]銥(III)等。
形成電子輸送層之材料,可列舉例如8-羥基喹啉-鋰、2,2',2"-(1,3,5-苄基甲苯基)-三(1-苯基-1-H-苯並咪唑)、2-(4-聯苯基)5-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)-4-(苯基苯酚(phenolato))鋁、1,3-雙[2-(2,2'-二吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、6,6'-雙[5-(聯苯基-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基]-2,2'-二吡啶、3-(4-聯苯基)-4-苯基-5-t-丁基苯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(萘-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑、2,9-雙(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、2,7-雙[2-(2,2'-二吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]-9,9-二甲基茀、1,3-雙[2-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、三(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑[4,5f][1,10]菲繞啉、2-(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、苯基-二芘基膦氧化物、3,3',5,5'-四[(m-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]聯苯、1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]苯、4,4'-雙(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)聯苯、1,3-雙[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、雙(10-羥基苯並[h]喹啉)鈹、二苯基雙(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)矽烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
形成電子注入層的材料,可列舉例如氧化鋰
(Li2O)、氧化鎂(MgO)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鎂(MgF2)、氟化銫(CsF)、氟化鍶(SrF2)、三氧化鉬(MoO3)、鋁、乙醯基乙酸鋰Li(acac)、乙酸鋰、苯甲酸鋰等。
陰極材料可列舉例如鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁-鋰合金、鋰、鈉、鉀、銫等。
又,由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜為電洞注入層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之其他例,如下述。
前述有機EL元件製作方法中,取代電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作,而藉由依序形成電洞輸送層、發光層,可製作具有以本發明之電荷輸送性清漆形成之電荷輸送性薄膜的有機EL元件。具體而言,在陽極基板上塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性清漆,藉由前述方法製作電洞注入層,其上依序形成電洞輸送層、發光層,再蒸鍍陰極電極作為有機EL元件。
使用之陰極及陽極材料,也可使用與前述者同樣者,也可進行同樣的洗淨處理、表面處理。
電洞輸送層及發光層之形成方法,可列舉例如在電洞輸送性高分子材料或發光性高分子材料、或此等中添加有摻雜劑之材料中,添加溶劑經溶解,或均勻分散,各自塗佈於電洞注入層或電洞輸送層上後,藉由燒成成膜的方法。
電洞輸送性高分子材料,可列舉例如聚[(9,9-
二己基茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,1'-伸二苯基-4,4-二胺)]、聚[(9,9-雙{1'-戊烯-5'-基}茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[N,N'-雙(4-丁基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺]-以聚倍半矽氧烷封端、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(4,4'-(N-(p-丁基苯基))二苯基胺)]等。
發光性高分子材料,可列舉例如聚(9,9-二烷基茀)(PDAF)等的聚茀衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2'-乙基己氧基)-1,4-伸苯基伸乙烯基)(MEH-PPV)等的聚伸苯基伸乙烯基衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT)等的聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯基咔唑(PVCz)等。
溶劑可列舉例如甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿等。溶解或均勻分散法,可列舉例如攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等的方法。
塗佈方法,非特別限定,可列舉例如噴墨法、噴霧法、浸漬法、旋轉塗佈法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈等。又,在氮、氬等的惰性氣體下進行塗佈為佳。
燒成方法可列舉例如惰性氣體下或真空中,以烤箱或加熱板進行加熱的方法。
由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜為電洞輸送層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之一例,如下述。
在陽極基板上形成電洞注入層。此層上,藉由前述方法塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性清漆,經燒成製作電洞輸送層。此電洞輸送層上,依序設置發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層之形成方法及具體例,可列舉與前述者同樣者。又,電洞注入層係配合使用之材料之特性等,以蒸鍍法或塗佈法(濕式製程)之任一形成即可。
形成電洞注入層之材料,可列舉例如銅酞菁、氧化鈦酞菁、鉑酞菁、吡嗪基[2,3-f][1,10]菲繞啉-2,3-二腈(Carbonitrile)、N,N,N',N'-四(4-甲氧基苯基)聯苯胺、2,7-雙[N,N-雙(4-甲氧基-苯基)胺基]-9,9-螺二茀、2,2'-雙[N,N-雙(4-甲氧基-苯基)胺基]-9,9-螺二茀、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二[4-(N,N-二甲苯基胺基)苯基]聯苯胺、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二[4-(N,N-二苯基胺基)苯基]聯苯胺、N4,N4'-(聯苯基-4,4'-二基)雙(N4,N4',N4'-三苯基聯苯基-4,4'-二胺)、N1,N1'-(聯苯基-4,4'-二基)雙(N1-苯基-N4,N4'-二-m-甲苯基苯-1,4-二胺)、國際公開第2004/043117號、國際公開第2004/105446號、國際公開第2005/000832號、國際公開第2005/043962號、國際公開第2005/042621號、國際公開第2005/107335號、國際公開第2006/006459號、國際公開第2006/025342號、國際公開第2006/137473號、國際公開第2007/049631號、國際公開第2007/099808號、國際公開第2008/010474號、國際公開第2008/032617號、國際公開第2008/032616號、國際公開
第2008/129947號、國際公開第2009/096352號、國際公開第2010/041701號、國際公開第2010/058777號、國際公開第2010/058776號、國際公開第2013/042623號、國際公開第2013/129249號、國際公開第2014/115865號、國際公開第2014/132917號、國際公開第2014/141998號及國際公開第2014/132834號所記載的電荷輸送材料等。
陽極材料、形成發光層、發光性摻雜劑、電子輸送層及電子阻擋層之材料、陰極材料,可列舉例如與前述者同樣者。
由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜為電洞注入輸送層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之一例係如下述。
在陽極基板上形成電洞注入輸送層,此電洞注入輸送層之上,依序設置發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層之形成方法及具體例,可列舉例如與前述者同樣者。
陽極材料、形成發光層、發光性摻雜劑、電子輸送層及電子阻擋層之材料、陰極材料,可列舉例如與前述者同樣者。
又,電極及前述各層之間之任意之間,必要時,也可設置電洞阻擋層、電子阻擋層等。例如形成電子阻擋層之材料,可列舉例如三(苯基吡唑)銥等。
構成形成於陽極與陰極及此等之間之層的材料,由於製造具備底發射構造、頂發射構造之任一的元件
而不同,故考慮此點選擇適宜材料。
通常,底發射構造之元件,其基板側使用透明陽極,由基板側取出光,而頂發射構造之元件,使用由金屬所構成之反射陽極,由與基板相反方向之透明電極(陰極)側取出光。因此,例如,陽極材料在製造底發射構造之元件時,使用ITO等之透明陽極,製造頂發射構造之元件時,使用Al/Nd等之反射陽極。
本發明之有機EL元件,為了防止特性惡化,因此,依據常法,必要時可與捕水劑等一同封裝。
以下舉實施例,更具體說明本發明,但是本發明不限於下述實施例者。又,使用之裝置如下述。
(1)1H-NMR測量:日本電子(股)製、JNM-ECP300 FT NMR SYSTEM
(2)LC/MS:Waters公司製、ZQ 2000
(3)基板洗淨:長州產業(股)製、基板洗淨裝置(減壓電漿方式)
(4)清漆之塗佈:Mikasa(股)製、旋轉塗佈機MS-A100
(5)膜厚測量:(股)小坂研究所製、微細形狀測量機Surfcorder ET-4000
(6)EL元件之製作:長州產業(股)製、多機能蒸鍍裝置系統C-E2L1G1-N
(7)EL元件之亮度等之測量:(有)Tech world製、I-V-L測量系統
(8)透過率測量:(股)島津製作所製、可見光紫外線吸收光譜測量裝置UV-3100PC
(9)游離電位測量:理研計器(股)製、AC-3
在2,7-二溴茀(6.48g、20mmol)(東京化成工業(股)製)之二甲基亞碸懸浮液(130mL)中,加入氫氧化鉀(5.61g、100mmol)、碘化鉀(0.33g、2mmol)及1-溴-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙烷(8.05g、44mmol),室溫下攪拌24小時。反應終了後,冷卻至0℃,添加水(120mL),以鹽酸進行中和。藉由乙酸乙酯萃取有機層,以硫酸鎂乾燥後,將濃縮得到之粗生成物,藉由以矽膠管柱層析(silica gel column chromatography)(溶出液:己烷/乙酸乙酯(4/1→3/1))純化,得到黃色液體之化合物1(收量8.47g、收率80%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 2.36(app t,J=7.2Hz,4H),2.78(app t,J=7.2Hz,4H),3.17-3.20(m,4H),3.28-3.31(m,10H),7.43-7.53(m,4H),7.57(dd,J=1.8,14.7Hz,2H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;529[M+1]+
在以合成例1合成之化合物1(4,47g、8.5mmol)及雙(頻哪醇酯)二硼(4.73g、18.6mmol)之1,4-二噁烷溶液(30mL)中,加入乙酸鉀(3.32g、33.8mmol)、PdCl2(dppf)之二氯甲烷加成物(0.35g、0.42mmol)及1,4-二噁烷(15mL),進行氮取代後,於100℃下加熱5小時。
反應終了後,進行矽藻土(Celite)過濾,將濾液濃縮所得之粗生成物,藉由矽膠管柱層析(溶出液:己烷/乙酸乙酯(4/1→2/1))純化,得到無色固體之化合物2(收量1.97g、收率37%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果,如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCL3):δ 1.39(s,24H),2.47(app t,J=7.2Hz,4H),2.68(app t,J=7.2Hz,4H),3.14-3.18(m,
4H),3.27-3.30(m,10H),7.70(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.80(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.86(s,2H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;640[M+NH4]+
在以合成例2合成之化合物2(1.24g、2mmol)、4-溴二苯基胺(1.09g、4.4mmol)、碳酸鉀(1.11g、8mmol)及Pd(PPh3)4(46.2mg、0.04mmol)中,加入1,4-二噁烷(25mL)及水(6mL),進行氮取代後,於90℃下加熱6小時。
反應終了後,進行矽藻土過濾,濾液之有機層,藉由乙酸乙酯進行萃取。以硫酸鈉乾燥後,將濃縮所得之粗生成物,藉由矽膠管柱層析(溶出液:己烷/乙酸乙酯(9/1→4/1→3/1→2/1→3/2→1/1))純化,得到無色固體之化合物3(收量0.52g、收率37%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果
如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCL3):δ 2.49(app t,J=7.2Hz,4H),2.86(app t,J=7.2Hz,4H),3.19-3.31(m,14H),5.83(brs,2H),6.97(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.12-7.19(m,8H),7.28-7.33(m,4H),7.56-7.62(m,8H),7.72(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;705[M+1]+
使用以合成例2合成之化合物2(0.66g、1.1mmol)、4-溴三苯基胺(0.76g、2.3mmol)、碳酸鉀(0.59g、4.2mmol)及Pd(PPh3)4(61.2mg、0.05mmol),與合成例3同樣合成,得到淡黃色固體之化合物4(收量0.43g、收率47%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 2.48(app t,J=7.5Hz,
4H),2.84(app t,J=7.5Hz,4H),3.18-3.31(m,14H),7.04(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.14-7.19(m,8H),7.28-7.31(m,12H),7.54-7.62(m,8H),7.72(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;857[M+1]+
使用9,9-二辛基-2,7-二溴茀(3.29g、6mmol)(Aldrich公司製)、雙(頻哪醇酯)二硼(3.35g、13.2mmol)、乙酸鉀(2.36g、24mmol)及PdCl2(dppf)之二氯甲烷加成物(0.20g、0.24mmol),與合成例2同樣進行合成,得到無色固體之化合物5(收量3.29g、收率85%)。1H-NMR之測量結果如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 0.55(brs,4H),0.81(t,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.01-1.22(m,20H),1.39(s,24H),1.97-2.02(m,4H),7.70-7.74(m,4H),7.80(d,J=7.2Hz,2H)。
使用合成例5合成之化合物5(1.29g、2mmol)、4-溴二苯基胺(1.09g、4.4mmol)、碳酸鉀(1.11g、8mmol)及Pd(PPh3)4(46.2mg、0.04mmol),與合成例3同樣進行合成,得到無色固體之化合物6(收量0.95g、收率66%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 0.78-0.83(m,10H),1.07-1.20(m,20H),2.01-2.03(m,4H),5.80(brs,2H),6.96(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.12-7.20(m,8H),7.28-7.33(m,4H),7.54-7.62(m,8H),7.74(d,J=8.1Hz,2H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;725[M+1]+
在氮環境下,使化合物3 0.045g溶解於1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮3.5g中。然後,其中添加環己醇0.5g及丙二
醇0.5g,進行攪拌調製電荷輸送性清漆。
除了使用化合物4(實施例1-2)或化合物6(比較例1-1),取代化合物3外,使用與實施例1-1同樣的方法,調製電荷輸送性清漆。
在氮環境下,將化合物3 0.037g、以式(S1)表示之芳基磺酸0.051g及磷鎢酸0.022g溶解於1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮4.2g中。其中添加環己醇0.6g及丙二醇0.6g,進行攪拌調製電荷輸送性清漆。
除了使用化合物4(實施例1-4)或化合物6(比較例1-2),取代化合物3外,使用與實施例1-3同樣的方法,調製電荷輸送性清漆。
使用旋轉塗佈機將實施例1-2所得之清漆,塗佈於ITO基板後,以80℃乾燥5分鐘,接著在大氣環境下,以230℃進行10分鐘燒成,而在ITO基板上形成30nm之均勻薄膜。ITO基板係使用在表面上將銦錫氧化物(ITO)以膜厚150nm經圖型化後之25mm×25mm×0.7t的玻璃基板,在使用前藉由O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W、30秒鐘)去除表面上的雜質。
接著,使用蒸鍍裝置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa),對於形成有薄膜之ITO基板,依序層合Alq3、氟化鋰、及鋁之薄膜,得到有機EL元件。此時,關於蒸鍍速率,其中Alq3及鋁為0.2nm/秒,氟化鋰為0.02nm/秒的條件下分別進行,膜厚分別為40nm、0.5nm及120nm。
此外,為了防止因空氣中之氧、水等之影響所導致的特性劣化,因此有機EL元件藉由密封基板密封後,評價其特性。密封係依據以下順序施行。
在氧濃度2ppm以下、露點-85℃以下之氮環境中,在密封基板之間收納有機EL元件,並藉由接著材料((股)MORESCO製、MORESCO moisture cut WB90US(P))貼合密封基板。此時,將捕水劑(Dynic(股)製HD-071010W-40)與有機EL元件一同收納於密封基板內。對於已貼合之密封基板,照射UV光(波長:365nm、照射量:6000mJ/cm2)後,在80℃下施行1小時退火處理而使接著材料硬化。
除了使用實施例1-3所得之清漆取代實施例1-2所得之清漆,於使用該清漆形成之薄膜與Alq3之薄膜之間,使用蒸鍍裝置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)形成α-NPD之薄膜外,使用與實施例2-1同樣的方法製作有機EL元件。又,對於α-NPD,其蒸鍍速率為0.02nm/秒,膜厚為30nm。
除了使用比較例1-1或1-2所得之清漆取代實施例1-2所得之清漆外,使用與實施例2-1同樣的方法製作有機EL元件。
除了使用比較例1-1或1-2所得之清漆取代實施例1-3所得之清漆外,使用與實施例2-2同樣的方法製作有機EL元件。
對於此等元件,測量驅動電壓6V中之電流密度及亮度。結果如表1所示。又,各元件之發光面尺寸的面積為2mm×2mm(以下同樣)。
如表1所示得知,藉由將由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜,作為電洞注入層、電洞注入輸送層使用,可得到亮度特性優異的有機EL元件。
將實施例1-1~1-4所得之清漆,分別使用旋轉塗佈機,塗佈於石英基板後,於大氣中,以80℃乾燥1分鐘,再以230℃,進行15分鐘燒成,在石英基板上形成膜厚30nm之均勻的薄膜。然後,測量形成之薄膜之透過率。透過率掃描可見光區域之波長400~800nm。400~800nm之平均透過率如表2所示。又,石英基板係使用電漿洗淨裝置(150W、30秒鐘),除去表面上之雜質後使用。
如表2所示得知,由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜之透明性也優異。
測量以實施例3-1~3~3製作之薄膜的Ip。結果如表3所示。
如表3所示,特別是實施例3-2之薄膜之HOMO能階(level)係接近電洞輸送材料之α-NPD蒸鍍膜之HOMO能階(5.5eV),該薄膜被期待對發光層(例如實施例2-1中之Alq3蒸鍍膜)之電洞輸送性為優異者,實施例3-3之薄膜的HOMO能階係比α-NPD蒸鍍膜之HOMO能階更深,該薄膜被期待對電洞輸送層之電洞注入性為優異者。
Claims (11)
- 一種茀衍生物,其係以下式(1)表示者,[式中,R1及R2互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、碳數2~20之雜芳基、碳數1~20之烷氧基、碳數2~20之烯氧基、碳數2~20之炔氧基、碳數6~20之芳氧基、碳數2~20之雜芳氧基,或含有至少1個醚結構的碳數2~20之烷基(但是R1及R2之至少一方表示前述烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、芳氧基、雜芳氧基及含有至少1個醚結構之烷基之任一),R3及R4互相獨立表示可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之炔基、可被Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之烯氧基、可被Z1取代之碳數2~20之炔氧基、可被Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基、可被Z2取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基、可被Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳氧基,或可被Z2取代之碳數2~20之雜芳氧基,各R3及各R4彼此可相同或相異,Z1表示碳數6~20之芳基、碳數1~20之烷氧基、碳數2~20之烯氧基、碳數2~20之炔氧基、碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、或碳數2~20之炔基、碳數1~20之烷氧基、碳數2~20之烯氧基、碳數2~20之炔氧基、碳數6~20之芳基,碳數2~20之雜芳基,n1及n2各自表示取代基R3及R4之數,互相獨立為0~3之整數,Ar1及Ar2互相獨立表示以式(A1)~(A13)表示之任一的基,(式中,R表示碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、或碳數2~20之炔基、碳數1~20之烷氧基、碳數2~20之烯氧基,碳數2~20之炔氧基,各R彼此可相同或相異,n3~n6表示取代基R之數,n3表示0~3之整數,n4表示0~4之整數,n5表示0~5之整數,n6表示0~7之整數,各n3~n6彼此可相同或相異)]。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之茀衍生物,其中前述n1~n6為0或1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之茀衍生物,其中前述n1~n6為0。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之茀衍生物,其中R1及R2皆為含有至少1個醚結構之碳數2~20之烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之茀衍生物,其中n1及n2皆為0。
- 一種電荷輸送性物質,其係由如申請專利範圍第1~5項中任一項之茀衍生物所構成。
- 一種電荷輸送性清漆,其係含有如申請專利範圍第6項之電荷輸送性物質及有機溶劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之電荷輸送性清漆,其係進一步含有摻雜劑。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如申請專利範圍第7或8項之電荷輸送性清漆製作者。
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其係具有如申請專利範圍第9項之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之茀衍生物之製造方法,其係使以式(1")或(1''')表示之硼酸酯體與以式(A')及(A")表示之化合物,在觸媒存在下,進行交叉偶合反應,(式中,R1~R4、Ar1、Ar2、n1及n2係與前述相同,X互相獨立表示鹵素原子或擬鹵素基,A1~A4互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基或碳數6~20之芳基,A5及A6互相獨立表示碳數1~20之烷二基或碳數6~20之伸芳基)。
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- 2015-03-23 KR KR1020167029425A patent/KR102340532B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-03-23 US US15/129,710 patent/US20170133589A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-03-23 EP EP15770297.8A patent/EP3124468B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-03-27 TW TW104110074A patent/TWI659011B/zh active
Patent Citations (4)
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TW200540253A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-12-16 | Nissan Chemical Ind Ltd | Charge-transporting varnish and organic electro- luminescent devices made by using the same |
TW200835717A (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-09-01 | Du Pont | Hole transport polymers |
TW200932751A (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-08-01 | Georgia Tech Res Inst | Norbornene-based copolymers with iridium complexes and exiton transport groups in their side-chains and use thereof |
JP2012188637A (ja) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-10-04 | Toyo Ink Sc Holdings Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料およびその用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201602059A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
EP3124468B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP3124468A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
CN106132921B (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
KR102340532B1 (ko) | 2021-12-20 |
US20170133589A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
CN106132921A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
EP3124468A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
KR20160140766A (ko) | 2016-12-07 |
WO2015146912A1 (ja) | 2015-10-01 |
JP6418234B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
JPWO2015146912A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
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