TWI659944B - 電荷輸送性漆料及其利用 - Google Patents
電荷輸送性漆料及其利用 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI659944B TWI659944B TW104110078A TW104110078A TWI659944B TW I659944 B TWI659944 B TW I659944B TW 104110078 A TW104110078 A TW 104110078A TW 104110078 A TW104110078 A TW 104110078A TW I659944 B TWI659944 B TW I659944B
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- -1 1-anthracenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 143
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 51
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 13
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical group C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002078 anthracen-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000000748 anthracen-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000001211 (E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one Substances 0.000 description 3
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoethenylideneazanide Chemical group [N-]=C=[C+]C#N POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 229940035422 diphenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-O diphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[PH2+]C1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MNCMBBIFTVWHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-anthracen-9-yl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)C(F)(F)F)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 MNCMBBIFTVWHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPCWDYWZIWDTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 LPCWDYWZIWDTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBYLBWHHTUWMER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylquinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C(O)C2=NC(C)=CC=C21 NBYLBWHHTUWMER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PKURFTDCIWJBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(CCCCCC)=CC=C21 PKURFTDCIWJBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C211/56—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/156—Hole transporting layers comprising a multilayered structure
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- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
Abstract
本發明提供以式(1)表示之三芳基胺衍生物,
[式中,Ar1~Ar4相互獨立表示苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基或9-菲基,X表示以式(2)表示之2價基,
(式中,A表示碳數1~6之氟烷二基)]。
Description
本發明係關於三芳基胺衍生物及其利用。
有機電致發光(EL)元件被期待在如顯示器或照明之領域中實用化,且為了低電壓驅動、高亮度、高壽命等而進行與材料或元件構造有關之各式各樣的開發。
有機EL元件中雖使用複數種功能性薄膜,但構成該等之電洞注入層或電洞輸送層係擔任電荷自陽極朝發光層之授受,發揮用以達成有機EL元件之低電壓驅動及高亮度之重要功能。
此種層之形成方法雖大致分成以蒸鍍法為代表之乾式製程與以旋塗法為代表之濕式製程,但比較該等製程時,由於濕式製程者可以大面積高效率地製造平坦性高的薄膜,故尤其在顯示器領域中充分使用濕式製程。
前述情況之下,關於用以形成電洞注入層或電洞輸送層之濕式製程材料總是要求改善,有鑑於該要求,已有藉由於包含導電性聚合物之組成物中含有的矽烷化合物,可提高具備由該組成物獲得之薄膜之有機EL元
件之亮度特性或壽命為主旨之報告(參照例如專利文獻1、2)。然而,與基於相同目的而使用之三芳基胺衍生物有關之報告則幾乎沒有。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2003-045667號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開2007-169593號公報
本發明係鑑於前述情況而完成者,其目的係提供一種三芳基胺衍生物,其對有機溶劑顯示良好溶解性,且與電荷輸送性物質一起溶解於有機溶劑中而調製漆料,將由該漆料獲得之薄膜應用於電洞注入層時可實現具有優異亮度特性之有機EL元件。
本發明人等為達成上述前述目的而重複積極檢討之結果,發現具有使2個三芳基胺骨架與氟烷二基鍵結而成之構造之三芳基胺衍生物對有機溶劑具有優異之溶解性,且由使之與電荷輸送性物質一起溶解於有機溶劑中而調製之漆料獲得發揮高電荷輸送性之薄膜,以及將該薄膜應用在有機EL元件之電洞注入層時獲得高亮度之元件,因而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明提供下述之三芳基胺衍生物及其利用。
1.一種三芳基胺衍生物,其特徵係以下式(1)表示,
[式中,Ar1~Ar4相互獨立表示苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基或9-菲基,X表示以式(2)表示之2價基,
(式中,A表示碳數1~6之氟烷二基)]。
2.如1之三芳基胺衍生物,其中Ar1~Ar4同時為苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基或9-菲基。
3.如1或2之三芳基胺衍生物,其中X係以式(X1)~(X3)之任一者表示之基,
(式中,A與前述相同)。
4.如3之三芳基胺衍生物,其中前述X係以式(X1)表示之基。
5.如1~4中任一者之三芳基胺衍生物,其中A為全氟甲烷二基、全氟乙烷-1,2-二基、全氟丙烷-1,3-二基、全氟丙烷-2,2-二基、全氟丁烷-1,4-二基、全氟戊烷-1,5-二基或全氟己烷-1,6-二基。
6.如5之三芳基胺衍生物,其中前述A為全氟丙烷-2,2-二基。
7.一種電荷輸送性漆料,其包含如1~6中任一者之三芳基胺衍生物、電荷輸送性物質及有機溶劑。
8.如7之電荷輸送性漆料,其進而包含摻雜物。
9.如8之電荷輸送性漆料,其中前述摻雜物包含雜多酸。
10.一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如7~9中任一者之電荷輸送性漆料製作而成。
11.一種有機EL元件,其具有如10之電荷輸送性薄膜。
12.一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵係將如7~9中任一者之電荷輸送性漆料塗佈於基材上,並使溶劑蒸發。
13.一種如1之三芳基胺衍生物之製造方法,其特徵係在觸媒存在下使以式(3)表示之胺化合物與以式(4)~(7)表示之化合物反應,
(式中,Ar1~Ar4、及A與前述相同,Hal表示鹵原子或擬鹵基)。
14.一種如1之三芳基胺衍生物之製造方法,其特徵係在觸媒存在下使以式(3’)表示之化合物與以式(4’)及(5’)表示之胺化合物反應,
(式中,Ar1~Ar4、及A與前述相同,Hal表示鹵原子或擬鹵基)。
本發明之三芳基胺衍生物易溶於有機溶劑中,可使之與電荷輸送性物質一起溶解於有機溶劑中而容易地調製電荷輸送性漆料。
由本發明之電荷輸送性漆料製作之薄膜由於顯示高的電荷輸送性,故可適當地使用作為以有機EL元件為代表之電子裝置用薄膜。尤其,本發明之三芳基胺衍生物可作為對發光層或電洞輸送層之電洞輸送提升劑之功能,故藉由於有機EL元件之電洞注入層中使用該薄膜,可獲得亮度特性優異之有機EL元件。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性漆料即使使用旋塗法或狹縫
塗佈法等可大面積成膜之各種濕式製程時,仍可再現性良好的製造電荷輸送性優異之薄膜,故亦可充分對應近年來有機EL元件之領域中之進展。
另外,本發明之三芳基胺衍生物亦可期待使用作為電荷輸送性高分子化合物之原料。
[三芳基胺衍生物]
本發明之三芳基胺衍生物係以下式(1)表示。
式(1)中,Ar1~Ar4相互獨立表示苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基或9-菲基。
另外,X表示以式(2)表示之2價基,
式(2)中,A表示碳數1~6之氟烷二基。前述氟烷二基只要是烷二基之碳原子上所鍵結之氫原子之一部分或全部經氟原子取代者即無特別限制。
前述氟烷二基之具體例列舉為單氟甲烷二基、全氟甲烷二基、2,2,2-三氟乙烷-1,1-二基、全氟乙烷-1,1-二基、全氟乙烷-1,2-二基、3-氟丙烷-1,2-二基、3,3,3-
三氟丙烷-1,1-二基、1,1-二氟丙烷-1,3-二基、全氟丙烷-1,1-二基、全氟丙烷-1,2-二基、全氟丙烷-1,3-二基、全氟丙烷-2,2-二基、2-甲基-2-氟丙烷-1,3-二基、3,4,4-三氟丁烷-1,2-二基、4,4,4-三氟丁烷-1,3-二基、2,2,3,3-四氟丁烷-1,4-二基、全氟丁烷-1,1-二基、全氟丁烷-1,2-二基、全氟丁烷-1,3-二基、全氟丁烷-1,4-二基、1-氟戊烷-1,1-二基、4,5,5-三氟戊烷-1,5-二基、2,2,3,3,4,4-六氟戊烷-1,5-二基、全氟戊烷-1,1-二基、全氟戊烷-1,2-二基、全氟戊烷-1,3-二基、全氟戊烷-1,4-二基、全氟戊烷-1,5-二基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟己烷-1,6-二基、全氟己烷-1,1-二基、全氟己烷-1,2-二基、全氟己烷-1,3-二基、全氟己烷-1,4-二基、全氟己烷-1,5-二基、全氟己烷-1,6-二基等。
該等中,以全氟甲烷二基、全氟乙烷-1,2-二基、全氟丙烷-1,3-二基、全氟丙烷-2,2-二基、全氟丁烷-1,4-二基、全氟戊烷-1,5-二基、全氟己烷-1,6-二基等最佳。
尤其,考慮原料化合物之取得容易性、三芳基胺衍生物對有機溶劑之溶解性、三芳基胺衍生物之電荷輸送性提升能等之均衡時,A係全氟丙烷-2,2-二基最適當。
更具體而言,X為以式(X1)~(X6)表示之基之任一者。
(式中,A與前述相同)
該等中,就原料化合物取得容易而言,更佳為以式(X1)、(X2)或(X3)表示之基。
尤其,考慮原料化合物之取得容易性、三芳基胺衍生物對有機溶劑之溶解性、三芳基胺衍生物之電荷輸送性提升能等之均衡時,X最好為以式(X1)表示之基。
以下,列舉本發明之三芳基胺衍生物之具體例,但並不限於該等。又,表中,「Ph」表示苯基,「1-NAP」表示1-萘基,「2-NAP」表示2-萘基,「1-ANT」表示1-蒽基,「2-ANT」表示2-蒽基,「1-PHE」表示1-菲基,「2-PHE」表示2-菲基,「3-PHE」表示3-菲基,「4-PHE」表示4-菲基,「9-PHE」表示9-菲基。又,表中,「Ar1~Ar4」、「X」、「A」各別之例係表示某行所例示之化合物中之式(1)之各取代基之種類。亦即,例如,下述表中,(1-1)之化合物為如下。
[三芳基胺衍生物之合成方法]
本發明之三芳基胺衍生物可如下述反應流程圖A表示般,在觸媒存在下,使以式(3)表示之胺化合物與以式(4)~(7)表示之鹵化化合物反應而合成。
(式中,Ar1~Ar4、A及X均與前述相同,Hal表示鹵原子或擬鹵基)。
又,本發明之三芳基胺衍生物可如以下述反應流程圖B表示般,在觸媒存在下,使以式(3’)表示之鹵化化合物與以式(4’)及(5’)表示之胺化合物反應而合成。
(式中,Ar1~Ar4、A、X及Hal均與前述相同)。
鹵原子列舉為氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。此外,擬鹵基列舉為甲烷磺醯氧基、三氟甲烷磺醯氧基、九氟丁烷磺醯氧基等氟烷基磺醯氧基;苯磺醯氧基、甲苯磺醯氧基等芳香族磺醯氧基等。
胺化合物與鹵化化合物之饋入比,只要對於全胺化合物之全部NH基之物質量,將全鹵化化合物之全部「Hal」基設為當量以上即可,但較佳為1~1.2當量左右。
前述反應所用之觸媒列舉為例如氯化銅、溴化銅、碘化銅等銅觸媒;肆(三苯膦)鈀(Pd(PPh3)4)、雙(三苯膦)二氯鈀(Pd(PPh3)2Cl2)、雙(亞苄基丙酮)鈀(Pd(dba)2)、參(亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(Pd2(dba)3)、雙(三-第三丁基膦)鈀(Pd(P-t-Bu3)2)等鈀觸媒等。該等觸媒可單獨使用1種,亦可組合2種以上使用。此外,該等觸媒亦可與習知之適當配位子一起使用。
觸媒之使用量相對於鹵化化合物1mol,可為
0.2mol左右,但較佳為0.15mol左右。
此外,使用配位子時,其使用量相對於使用之金屬錯合物可為0.1~5當量,但較佳為1~2當量。
前述各反應亦可在溶劑中進行。使用溶劑時,其種類只要不對反應造成不良影響者即無特別限制。具體例列舉為脂肪族烴類(戊烷、正己烷、正辛烷、正癸烷、十二烷等)、鹵化脂肪族烴類(氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、四氯化碳等)、芳香族烴類(苯、硝基苯、甲苯、鄰-二甲苯、間-二甲苯、對-二甲苯、均三甲苯等)、鹵化芳香族烴類(氯苯、溴苯、鄰-二氯苯、間-二氯苯、對-二氯苯等)、醚類(二乙基醚、二異丙基醚、第三丁基甲基醚、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等)、酮類(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二正丁基酮、環己酮等)、醯胺類(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺等)、內醯胺及內酯類(N-甲基吡咯啶酮、γ-丁內酯等)、脲類(N,N-二甲基咪唑啶酮、四甲基脲等)、亞碸類(二甲基亞碸、環丁碸等)、腈類(乙腈、丙腈、丁腈等)等。該等溶劑可單獨使用1種,亦可混合2種以上使用。
反應溫度只要在使用之溶劑之熔點至沸點之範圍內適當設定即可,尤其以0~200℃左右較佳,更佳為20~150℃。
反應結束後,可藉慣用方法進行後處理,獲得目的之三芳基胺衍生物。
[電荷輸送性漆料]
本發明之電荷輸送性漆料包含前述之三芳基胺衍生物、電荷輸送性物質及有機溶劑。
[電荷輸送性物質]
電荷輸送性物質可使用以往有機EL領域等使用者。其具體例列舉為寡苯胺衍生物、N,N'-二芳基聯苯胺衍生物、N,N,N’,N’-四芳基聯苯胺衍生物等芳基胺衍生物(苯胺衍生物)、寡噻吩衍生物、噻吩并噻吩衍生物、噻吩并苯并噻吩衍生物等噻吩衍生物等各種電荷輸送性化合物。其中,以苯胺衍生物、噻吩衍生物較佳,更佳為苯胺衍生物。
本發明中,電荷輸送性化合物之分子量基於調製能賦予平坦性高之薄膜的均勻漆料之觀點,較佳為200~9,500左右,基於獲得電荷輸送性更優異之薄膜之觀點,其下限值較佳為300,更佳為400,基於調製再現性更佳地賦予平坦性高的薄膜之均勻漆料之觀點,其上限值較佳為8,000,更佳為7,000,又更佳為6,000,再更佳為5,000以下。又,基於薄膜化時防止電荷輸送性物質分離之觀點,電荷輸送性化合物較佳不具有分子量分佈(分散度為1)(亦即,較佳為單一分子量)。
苯胺衍生物列舉為日本特開2002-151272號公報記載之寡苯胺衍生物、國際公開第2004/105446號公報記載之寡苯胺化合物、國際公開第2008-032617號記載
之寡苯胺化合物、國際公開第2008/032616號記載之寡苯胺化合物、國際公開第2013/042623號記載之芳基二胺化合物等。
另外,亦可適當地使用以下述式(8)表示之苯胺衍生物。
式(8)中,X1表示-NY1-、-O-、-S-、-(CR7R8)L-或單鍵,m或n為0時,X表示-NY1-。
Y1相互獨立表示氫原子、可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、或可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
碳數1~20之烷基可為直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之任一種,其具體例列舉為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基等碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分支狀烷基;環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、雙環丁基、雙環戊基、雙環己基、雙環庚基、雙環辛基、雙環壬基、雙環癸基等碳數3~20之環狀烷基。
碳數2~20之烯基可為直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之任一者,其具體例列舉為乙烯基、正-1-丙烯基、正-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、正-1-丁烯基、正-2-丁烯基、正-
3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、正-1-戊烯基、正-1-癸烯基、正-1-二十碳烯基等。
碳數2~20之炔基可為直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之任一者,其具體例列舉為乙炔基、正-1-丙炔基、正-2-丙炔基、正-1-丁炔基、正-2-丁炔基、正-3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、正-1-戊炔基、正-2-戊炔基、正-3-戊炔基、正-4-戊炔基、1-甲基-正丁炔基、2-甲基-正丁炔基、3-甲基-正丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-正丙炔基、正-1-己炔基、正-1-癸炔基、正-1-十五碳炔基、正-1-二十碳炔基等。
碳數6~20之芳基之具體例列舉為苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基、9-菲基等。
碳數2~20之雜芳基之具體例列舉為2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑啉基、4-噁唑啉基、5-噁唑啉基、3-異噁唑啉基、4-異噁唑啉基、5-異噁唑啉基、2-噻唑啉基、4-噻唑啉基、5-噻唑啉基、3-異噻唑啉基、4-異噻唑啉基、5-異噻唑啉基、2-咪唑啉基、4-咪唑啉基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基等。
R7及R8相互獨立表示氫原子、鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基、或-NHY2、-NY3Y4、-C(O)Y5、-OY6、
-SY7、-SO3Y8、-C(O)OY9、-OC(O)Y10、-C(O)NHY11或-C(O)NY12Y13基。
Y2~Y13相互獨立表可經Z1取代之碳碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、或可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z1表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、或可經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z2表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、或可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基。
Z3表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、或羧酸基。
鹵原子列舉為氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。
此外,R7~R8及Y2~Y13之烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基及雜芳基與前述相同者。
該等中,R7及R8較佳為氫原子或可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基,更佳為氫原子或可經Z1取代之甲基,最好均為氫原子。
L表示以-(CR7R8)-表示之基的數,且為1~20之整數,較佳為1~10,更佳為1~5,又更佳為1~2,最好為1。又,L為2以上時,複數個R7可彼此相同亦可不同,複數個R8可彼此相同亦可不同。
尤其,X1較佳為-NY1-或單鍵。且,Y1較佳為氫原子或可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基,更佳為氫原子或可經Z1取代之甲基,最好為氫原子。
R1~R6相互獨立表示氫原子、鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基、或-NHY2、-NY3Y4、-C(O)Y5、-OY6、-SY7、-SO3Y8、-C(O)OY9、-OC(O)Y10、-C(O)NHY11或-C(O)NY12Y13(Y2~Y13表示與前述相同之意)。該等鹵原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基及雜芳基列舉為與前述相同者。
尤其,式(8)中,R1~R4較佳為氫原子、鹵原子、可經Z1取代之碳數1~10之烷基、或可經Z2取代之碳數6~14之芳基,更佳為氫原子、氟原子、或可經氟原子取代之碳數1~10之烷基,最好均為氫原子。
且,R5及R6較佳為氫原子、鹵原子、可經Z1取代之碳數1~10之烷基、或可經Z2取代之碳數6~14之芳基、或可經Z2取代之二苯基胺基(Y3及Y4為可經Z2取代之苯基的-NY3Y4基),更佳為氫原子、氟原子、或可經氟原子取代之二苯基胺基,最好同時為氫原子或二苯基胺基。
而且,該等中,較佳R1~R4為氫原子、氟原子、可經氟原子取代之碳數1~10之烷基,R5及R6為氫原子、氟原子、可經氟原子取代之二苯基胺基,X1為-NY1-
或單鍵,且Y1為氫原子或甲基之組合,更佳R1~R4為氫原子,R5及R6同時為氫原子或二苯基胺基,X1為-NH-或單鍵之組合。
式(8)中,m及n相互獨立表示0以上之整數,且滿足1≦m+n≦20,但考慮所得薄膜之電荷輸送性與苯胺衍生物之溶解性之均衡時,較佳滿足2≦m+n≦8,更佳滿足2≦m+n≦6,又更佳滿足2≦m+n≦4。
尤其,Y1~Y13及R1~R8中,Z1較佳為鹵原子、或可經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基,更佳為鹵原子、或可經Z3取代之苯基,最好不存在(亦即無取代)。
Z2較佳為鹵原子、或可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,更佳為鹵原子、或可經Z3取代之碳數1~4之烷基,最好不存在(亦即無取代)。
Z3較佳為鹵原子,更佳為氟原子,最好不存在(亦即無取代)。
Y1~Y13及R1~R8中,烷基、烯基及炔基之碳數較佳為10以下,更佳為6以下,又更佳為4以下。此外,芳基及雜芳基之碳數較佳為14以下,更佳為10以下,又更佳為6以下。
以前述式(8)表示之苯胺衍生物之分子量通常為300~5,000,但基於提高溶解性之觀點,較佳為4,000以下,更佳為3,000以下,又更佳為2,000以下。
又,前述苯胺衍生物之合成法並無特別限制,列舉為Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan,67,pp.
1749-1752(1994)、Synthetic Metals,84,pp.119-120(1997)、Thin Solid Films,520(24),pp.7157-7163(2012),國際公開第2008/032617號、國際公開第2008/032616號、國際公開第2008/129947號等所記載之方法。
以式(8)表示之苯胺衍生物之具體例列舉為以下述式表示者,但並不限於該等。下述式中,DPA表示二苯基胺基,Ph表示苯基,TPA表示對-(二苯基胺基)苯基,Np表示1-萘基。
本發明之漆料中之本發明之三芳基胺衍生物之含量隨電荷輸送性物質或摻雜物之種類或量、期望之電荷輸送性等而不同,無法一概規定,但通常以質量比計,
相對於電荷輸送性物質及摻雜物之總質量計,通常為0.1~50質量%左右,但較佳為0.5~40質量%,更佳為0.8~30質量%,又更佳為1~20質量%左右。
[有機溶劑]
調製電荷輸送性漆料時所用之有機溶劑可使用可使電荷輸送性物質及摻雜物良好溶解之高溶解性溶劑。
該等高溶解性溶劑列舉為例如環己酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等有機溶劑,但並不限於該等。該等溶劑可單獨使用1種或混合2種以上使用。其使用量可設為漆料所使用之全部溶劑中之5~100質量%。
又,電荷輸送性物質及摻雜物較佳完全溶解於任一前述溶劑中,或成均勻分散之狀態,更佳為完全溶解。
又,本發明中,可於漆料中含至少一種具有在25℃為10~200mPa‧s,尤其是35~150mPa‧s之黏度,且在常壓(大氣壓)下之沸點50~300℃、尤其是150~250℃之高黏度有機溶劑。藉由添加該溶劑,使漆料之黏度調整變容易,再現性良好地賦予平坦性高的薄膜,且可依據使用之塗佈方法調製漆料。
高黏度有機溶劑列舉為例如環己醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、
1,4-丁二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等,但並不限於該等。
本發明之漆料所用之高黏度有機溶劑相對於溶劑整體之添加比例較佳為不使固體析出之範圍內,只要不使固體析出,添加比例較佳為5~80質量%。
另外,為提高對基板之潤濕性、調整溶劑之表面張力、調整極性、調整沸點等之目的,亦可以漆料所使用之全部溶劑中之1~90質量%,較佳1~50質量%之比例混合其他溶劑。
該種溶劑列舉為例如丙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二丙酮醇、γ-丁內酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸正己酯等,但並不限於該等。該等溶劑可單獨使用1種或混合2種以上使用。
本發明之漆料之黏度係依據欲製作之薄膜厚度或固體成分濃度等適當設定者,但通常在25℃下為1~50mPa‧s。又,本發明之組成物之固體成分濃度係考量組成物之黏度及表面張力等,或欲製作之薄膜厚度等適當設定者,但通常為0.1~20.0質量%左右,考慮提高組成物之塗佈性時,較佳為0.5~10.0質量%左右,更佳為1.0~5.0質量%左右。又,此處所謂固體成分意指本發明之組成物中所含之電荷輸送性物質及摻雜物。
[摻雜物]
本發明之電荷輸送性漆料亦可依據所得薄膜之用途,包含摻雜物作為提高其電荷輸送能等之目的。摻雜物只要能溶解於漆料所使用之至少一種溶劑中者即無特別限制,可使用無機系摻雜物、有機系摻雜物之任一種。
使用摻雜物時,其調配量隨摻雜物之種類而不同故無法一概規定,但通常相對於電荷輸送性物質1,以質量比計為0.5~10.0左右,更佳為3.0~9.0左右。
無機系摻雜物列舉為氯化氫、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等無機酸;氯化鋁(III)(AlCl3)、四氯化鈦(IV)(TiCl4)、三溴化硼(BBr3)、三氟化硼乙醚錯合物(BF3‧OEt3)、氯化鐵(III)(FeCl3)、氯化銅(II)(CuCl2)、五氯化銻(V)(SbCl5)、五氟化銻(V)(SbF5)、五氟化砷(V)(AsF5)、五氟化磷(PF5)、六氯銻酸參(4-溴苯基)鋁(TBPAH)等金屬鹵化物;Cl2、Br2、I2、ICl、ICl3、IBr、IF4等鹵素;磷鉬酸(phosphomolybdic acid)、磷鎢酸、矽鉬酸、矽鎢酸、磷鎢酸鉬酸等雜多酸等。
有機系摻雜物列舉為苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、對-苯乙烯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-羥基苯磺酸、5-磺基水楊酸、對-十二烷基苯磺酸、二己基苯磺酸、2,5-二己基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、6,7-二丁基-2-萘磺酸、十二烷基萘磺酸、3-十二烷基-2-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、4-己基-1-萘磺酸、辛基萘磺酸、2-辛基-1-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、7-己基-1-萘磺酸、6-己基-2-萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4-
萘磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4,5-萘二磺酸、國際公開第2005/000832號所記載之1,4-苯并二噁烷二磺酸化合物、國際公開第2006/025342號所記載之芳基磺酸化合物、國際公開第2009/096352號所記載之芳基磺酸化合物、聚苯乙烯磺酸等芳基磺酸化合物等。該等無機系及有機系之摻雜物可單獨使用1種,亦可組合2種以上使用。
該等中,本發明之三芳基胺衍生物之電洞輸送提高性尤其在使用雜多酸作為摻雜物時更能發揮顯著。
[電荷輸送性漆料之調製法]
電荷輸送性漆料之調製法並無特別限制,列舉為例如使本發明之三芳基胺衍生物、電荷輸送性物質等溶解於高溶解性溶劑中,其次添加高黏度有機溶劑之手法,或混合高溶解性溶劑與高黏度有機溶劑,其次溶解本發明之三芳基胺衍生物、電荷輸送性物質等之手法。
本發明中,電荷輸送性漆料基於再現性良好地獲得平坦性更高之薄膜之觀點,較佳為將本發明之三芳基胺衍生物、電荷輸送性物質等溶解於有機溶劑中後,使用次微米級之過濾器過濾。
[電荷輸送性薄膜]
將本發明之電荷輸送性漆料塗佈於基材上並燒成,藉此可於基材上形成電荷輸送性薄膜。
漆料之塗佈方法列舉為浸漬法、旋塗法、轉
印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈法、噴墨法、噴霧法、狹縫塗佈法等,但並不限於該等。較佳依據塗佈方法調節漆料之黏度及表面張力。
此外,使用本發明之漆料時,燒成氛圍亦無特別限制,不僅可為大氣氛圍,而且即使在氮氣等惰性氣體或真空中,仍可獲得具有均勻成膜面及高的電荷輸送性之薄膜。
燒成溫度係考量所得薄膜之用途、對所得薄膜所賦予之電荷輸送性之程度等,在100~260℃左右之範圍內適當設定者,但使用所得薄膜作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,較佳為140~250℃左右,更佳為145~240℃左右。
又,燒成時,亦可施以二階段以上之溫度變化以展現更高的均勻成膜性且於基材上進行反應。加熱只要使用例如加熱板或烘箱等適當設備即可。
電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚雖無特別限制,但在有機EL元件內作為電洞注入層使用時,較佳為5~200nm。改變膜厚之方法有改變漆料中之固體成分濃度,改變塗佈時之基板上之溶液量等之方法。
本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜在有機EL元件中可適當地使用作為電洞注入層,但亦可使用作為電洞注入層等之電荷輸送性功能層。
[有機EL元件]
本發明之有機EL元件具有一對電極,且於該等電極之間具有前述本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜者。
有機EL元件之代表構成列舉為下述(a)~(f),但並不限於該等。又,下述構成中,亦可視需要於發光層與陽極之間設置電子阻斷層、於發光層與陰極之間設置孔洞(電洞)阻斷層等。又,電洞注入層、電洞輸送層或電洞注入輸送層亦可兼具作為電子阻斷層等之功能,電子注入層、電子輸送層或電子注入輸送層亦可兼具作為孔洞(電洞)阻斷層等之功能。
(a)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(b)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(c)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(d)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(e)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/陰極
(f)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/陰極
所謂「電洞注入層」、「電洞輸送層」及「電洞注入輸送層」為在發光層與陽極之間形成之層,為具有使電洞自陽極輸送至發光層之功能者。發光層與陽極之間僅設置1層電洞輸送性材料之層時,其為「電洞注入輸送層」,於發光層與陽極之間設置2層以上之電洞輸送
性材料之層時,靠近陽極之層為「電洞注入層」,其以外之層為「電洞輸送層」。尤其,電洞注入層及電洞注入輸送層係使用不僅是來自陽極之電洞接收性優異,而且對各電洞輸送層及發光層之電洞注入性亦優異之薄膜。
所謂「電子注入層」、「電子輸送層」及「電子注入輸送層」為在發光層與陰極之間形成之層,為具有使電子自陰極輸送至發光層之功能者。發光層與陰極之間僅設置1層電子輸送性材料之層時,其為「電子注入輸送層」,發光層與陰極之間設置2層以上之電子輸送性材料之層時,靠近陰極之層為「電子注入層」,其以外之層為「電子輸送層」。
所謂「發光層」為具有發光功能之有機層,採用摻雜系統時,包含主體材料與摻雜物材料。此時,主體材料主要係促進電子與電洞之再結合,具有將激子封閉在發光層內之功能,摻雜物材料具有使再結合獲得之激子有效地發光之功能。磷光元件時,主體材料主要具有將摻雜生成之激子封閉在發光層內之功能。
本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜在有機EL元件中可適用作為電洞注入層、電洞輸送層、電洞注入輸送層,更適用作為電洞注入層。
使用本發明之電荷輸送性漆料製作有機EL元件時使用之材料或製作方法列舉為如下述者,但並不限於該等。
使用之電極基板以洗劑、醇類、純水等以液
體洗淨為代表所進行之淨化,例如陽極基板在正要使用前較佳進行UV臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等表面處理。惟,陽極材料以有機物作為主成分時,亦可不進行表面處理。
由本發明之電荷輸送性漆料獲得之薄膜為電洞注入層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之一例如下。
利用前述方法,將本發明之電荷輸送性漆料塗佈於陽極基板上並燒成,於電極上製作電洞注入層。於該電洞注入層上依序設置電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層只要依據所用材料之特性等,以蒸鍍法或塗佈法(濕式製程)之任一種形成即可。
陽極材料列舉為由以銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)為代表之透明電極,或由以鋁為代表之金屬或該等之合金等構成之金屬陽極,較佳為進行平坦化處理者。亦可使用具有高電荷輸送性之聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
又,構成金屬陽極之其他金屬列舉為鍶、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鎵、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、鎘、銦、鍶、鑭、鈰、鐠、釹、鉕、釤、銪、釓、鋱、鏑、鈥、鉺、銩、鐿、鉿、鉈、鎢、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鈦、鉛、鉍或該等之合機等,但並不限於該等。
形成電洞輸送層之材料列舉為(三苯基胺)二聚物衍生物、[(三苯基胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N’-雙(萘-1-
基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N’-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯胺、2,2’,7,7’-肆(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺聯茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-聯苯-4-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-萘-2-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N-萘-1-基-N-苯基胺基)-苯基]-9H-茀、2,2’,7,7’-肆[N-萘(苯基)-胺基]-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N’-雙(菲-9-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、2,2'-雙[N,N-雙(聯苯-4-基)胺基]-9,9-螺聯茀、2,2’-雙(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺聯茀、二-[4-(N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基)-苯基]環己烷、2,2’,7,7’-四(N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基)-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N,N',N'-四-萘-2-基-聯苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3'-二甲基聯苯胺、N,N'-二(萘基)-N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-聯苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四(萘基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-N,N'-二苯基聯苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(間-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘-2,6-二胺、參(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2'-雙(3-(N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基)苯基)聯苯、4,4’,4”-參[3-甲基苯基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(m-
MTDATA)、4,4’,4”-參[1-萘(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(1-TNATA)等三芳基胺類,5,5"-雙-{4-[雙(4-甲基苯基)胺基]苯基}-2,2’:5’,2”-聯三噻吩(BMA-3T)等寡噻吩類等之電洞輸送性低分子材料等。
形成發光層之材料列舉為參(8-羥基喹啉)鋁(III)(Alq3)、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅(II)(Znq2)、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(對-苯基酚酸)鋁(III)(BAlq)、4,4’-雙(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)聯苯、9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2-第三丁基-9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2,7-雙[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2-甲基-9,10-雙(萘-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-螺聯茀-2-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、2,7-雙(9,9-螺聯茀-2-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2,2’-二芘基-9,9-螺聯茀、1,3,5-參(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-雙[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-茀、2,2’-聯(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-螺聯茀、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(聯苯-4-基)并五苯、3,9-二(萘-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘-2-基)苝、參[4-(芘基)-苯基]胺、10,10’-二(聯苯-4-基)-9,9’-聯蒽、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基-[1,1':4',1":4",1'"-四苯基]-4,4'"-二胺、4,4’-二[10-(萘-1-基)蒽-9-基]聯苯、二苯并{[f,f’]-4,4’,7,7’-四苯基}二茚并[1,2,3-cd:1’,2’,3’-1m]苝、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-參(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4’,4”-參(咔唑-9-基)三苯基胺、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)聯苯
(CBP)、4,4'-雙(咔唑-9-基)-2,2'-二甲基聯苯、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基茀、2,2’,7,7’-肆(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(對-甲苯基)茀、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、1,4-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、1,3-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、雙(4-N,N-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基茀、4,4”-二(三苯基矽烷基)-對聯三苯、4,4'-二(三苯基矽烷基)聯苯、9-(4-第三丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(三苯基矽烷基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-第三丁基苯基)-3,6-二-三苯甲基(trityl)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-第三丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-茀-9-基)-9H-咔唑、2,6-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)苯基)矽烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-茀-2-胺、3,5-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-螺聯茀-2-基-二苯基-氧化膦、9,9’-(5-(三苯基矽烷基)-1,3-伸苯基)雙(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-雙(二苯基磷醯基)-9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(對-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-氮雜二苯并[c,d,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-菲繞啉、2,2’-雙(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)聯苯、2,8-雙(二苯基磷醯基)二苯并[b,d]噻吩、雙(2-甲基苯基)二苯基矽烷、雙[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基矽烷、3,6-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9-(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷醯基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷醯基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-雙[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等。亦可藉由共蒸鍍該等
材料與發光性摻雜物,形成發光層。
發光性摻雜物列舉為3-(2-苯并噻唑基)-7-(二乙胺基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氫-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯并噻唑基)喹啉并[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)、N,N’-二甲基-喹吖啶酮、參(2-苯基吡啶)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、參[2-(對-甲苯基)吡啶]銥(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-雙[N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、9,10-雙[苯基(間-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、雙[2-(2-羥基苯基)苯并噻唑根]鋅(II)、N10,N10,N10,N10-四(對-甲苯基)-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10,N10,N10-四苯基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10-二苯基-N10,N10-二萘基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、4,4’-雙(9-乙基-3-咔唑伸乙烯基)-1,1’-聯苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四第三丁基苝、1,4-雙[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑基)乙烯基]苯、4,4'-雙[4-(二-對-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、4-(二-對-甲苯基胺基)-4’-[(二-對-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]二苯基乙烯、雙[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶基)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶基)]銥(III)、4,4'-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶根)肆(1-吡唑基)硼酸銥(III)、N,N'-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-參(9,9-二甲基伸茀基)、2,7-雙{2-[苯基(間-甲苯基)胺基]-9,9-二甲基-茀-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-茀、N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)萘-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑啉-2-亞基-C,C2)、mer-銥參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑啉-2-
亞基-C,C2)、2,7-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-螺聯茀、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯并[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)胺基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-雙(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘-2-胺、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶根)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四唑根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基膦酸)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑根)(苄基二苯基膦酸)銥(III)、雙(1-(2,4-二氟苄基)-3-甲基苯并咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑根)(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶根)銥(III)、雙(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶根)(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-2-(2’-吡啶基)吡唑根)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶根)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)銥(III)、(Z)-6-均三甲苯-N-(6-均三甲苯喹啉-2(1H)-亞基)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲胺基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-久諾尼啶(julolidyl)-9-烯基-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久諾尼啶-9-烯基)-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-第三丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久諾尼啶-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-吡喃、參(二苯甲醯基甲烷)菲繞啉銪(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基并四苯、雙(2-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、參(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)、雙(1-苯基異喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、雙[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)-異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮
酸)銥(III)、雙[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、參[4,4’-二-第三丁基-(2,2’)-聯吡啶]釕(III)‧雙(六氟磷酸鹽)、參(2-苯基喹啉)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、2,8-二-第三丁基-5,11-雙(4-第三丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基并四苯、雙(2-苯基苯并噻唑根)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯并卟啉鉑、鋨(II)雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑根)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-第三丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)二苯基甲基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-第三丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)二甲基苯基膦、雙[2-(4-正己基苯基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、參[2-(4-正己基苯基)喹啉]銥(III)、參[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶根)銥(III)、雙(2-(9,9-二乙基-茀-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑根)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-色烯-2-酸根)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酸根)銥(III)、雙(苯基異喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酸根)銥(III)、銥(III)雙(4-苯基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶根-N,C2)乙醯基丙酮酸鹽、(E)-2-(2-第三丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫-1H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(1-異喹啉基)吡唑根)(甲基二苯基膦)釕、雙[(4-正己基苯基)異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、鉑(II)八乙基卟啉、雙(2-甲基二苯并[f,h]喹寧
環)(乙醯基丙酮酸)銥(III)、參[(4-正己基苯基)喹寧環]銥(III)等。
形成電子輸送層之材料列舉為8-羥基喹啉鋰、2,2',2"-(1,3,5-苯三基)-參(1-苯基-1-H-苯并咪唑)、2-(4-聯苯)5-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(苯基酚酸)鋁、1,3-雙[2-(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、6,6'-雙[5-(聯苯-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基]-2,2’-聯吡啶、3-(4-聯苯基)-4-苯基-5-第三丁基苯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(萘-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑、2,9-雙(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、2,7-雙[2-(2,2'-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]-9,9-二甲基茀、1,3-雙[2-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、參(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5f][1,10]菲繞啉、2-(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、苯基-二芘基氧化膦、3,3’,5,5’-四[(間-吡啶基)-吩(fen)-3-基]聯苯、1,3,5-參[(3-吡啶基)-吩-3-基]苯、4,4’-雙(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)聯苯、1,3-雙[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、雙(10-羥基苯并[h]喹啉根)鈹、二苯基雙(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)矽烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
形成電子注入層之材料列舉為氧化鋰(Li2O)、氧化鎂(MgO)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鎂(MgF2)、氟化銫(CsF)、氟化鍶(SrF2)、三
氧化鉬(MoO3)、鋁、乙醯基乙酸鋰(Li(acac))、乙酸鋰、苯甲酸鋰等。
陰極材料列舉為鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁-鋰合金、鋰、鈉、鉀、銫等。
又,由本發明之電荷輸送性漆料獲得之薄膜為電洞注入層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之其他例如下。
前述有機EL元件製作方法中,可藉由依序形成電洞輸送層、發光層取代進行電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作,製作具有以本發明之電荷輸送性漆料形成之電荷輸送性薄膜之有機EL元件。具體而言,將本發明之電荷輸送性漆料塗佈於陽極基板上且以前述方法製作電洞注入層,於其上依序形成電洞輸送層、發光層,進而蒸鍍陰極電極而成為有機EL元件。
使用之陰極及陽極的材料可使用與前述相同者,可進行相同之洗淨處理、表面處理。
電洞輸送層及發光層之形成方法列舉為於電洞輸送性高分子材料或發光性高分子材料、或於該等中添加摻雜物之材料中添加溶劑而溶解或均勻分散,分別塗佈於電洞注入層或電洞輸送層上後,經燒成而成膜之方法。
電洞輸送性高分子材料列舉為聚[(9,9-二己基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(N,N’-雙{對-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-{N,N'-雙{對-丁
基苯基}-1,1'-聯苯-4,4-二胺}]、聚[(9,9-雙{1’-戊烯-5’-基}茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(N,N’-雙{對-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[N,N'-雙(4-丁基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺]-經聚倍半矽氧烷封端、聚[(9,9-二-二辛基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(4,4’-(N-(對-丁基苯基))二苯基胺)]等。
發光性高分子材料列舉為聚(9,9-二烷基茀)(PDAF)等之聚茀衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2’-乙基己氧基)-1,4-伸苯基芘)(MEH-PPV)等聚伸苯基芘衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT))等聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯基咔唑(PVCz)等。
溶劑列舉為甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿等。溶解或均勻分散法列舉為攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等方法。
塗佈方法並無特別限制,列舉為噴墨法、噴霧法、浸漬法、旋塗法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈等。又,塗佈較佳在氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體下進行。
燒成方法列舉為在惰性氣體或真空中,以烘箱或加熱板加熱之方法。
由本發明之電荷輸送性漆料獲得之薄膜為電洞注入輸送層時之本發明之有機EL元件之製作方法之一例如下。
於陽極基板上形成電洞注入輸送層,於該電洞注入輸送層上依序設置發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層之形成方法及具體例列舉為與前述相同者。
陽極材料、形成發光層、發光性摻雜物、電子輸送層及電子阻斷層之材料、陰極材料列舉為與前述相同者。
又,電極及前述各層之間之任意層之間亦可視需要設置電洞阻斷層、電子阻斷層等。例如,形成電子阻斷層之材料列舉為參(苯基吡唑)銥等。
構成陽極與陰極及於該等間形成之層之材料由於隨著製造具備底部發射構造、頂部發射構造之任一者之元件而不同,故須考慮該點選擇適當材料。
通常,底部發射構造之元件係於基板側使用透明陽極,自基板側取出光,相對於此,頂部發射構造之元件係使用由金屬所成之反射陽極,自位於與基板相反方向之透明電極(陰極)側取出光。因此,例如針對陽極材料而言,製造底部發射構造之元件時係使用ITO等透明陽極,製造頂部發射構造之元件時係使用Al/Nd等之反射陽極。
本發明之有機EL元件為防止特性惡化,亦可依據常用方法,視需要與捕水劑等一起密封。
[實施例]
以下,列舉實施例及比較例,更具體說明本發明,但本發明並不限受於下述之實施例。又,所使用之裝置如下。
(1)1H-NMR測定:日本電子(股)製,JNM-ECP300 FT
NMR SYSTEM
(2)基板洗淨:長州產業(股)製,基板洗淨裝置(減壓電漿方式)
(3)漆料之塗佈:MIKASA(股)製,旋轉塗佈機MS-A100
(4)膜厚測定:小坂研究所(股)製,微細形狀測定機Surfcorder ET-4000
(5)EL元件之製作:長州產業(股)製,多功能蒸鍍裝置系統C-E2L1G1-N
(6)El元件之亮度等之測定:Tech-World(有)製,I-V-L測定系統
[1]化合物之合成
[實施例1]三芳基胺衍生物A之合成
依照下述反應式,合成以式(1-31)表示之三芳基胺衍生物A。
將4,4-(全氟丙烷-2,2-二基)二苯胺15.0g、雙(亞苄基丙酮)鈀0.52g及第三丁氧化鈉19.0g饋入燒瓶內並經氮氣置換後,於其中加入甲苯260mL、溴苯21.0mL及另外調製之三-第三丁基膦之甲苯溶液2.60mL(濃度
0.143g/mL),且在50℃攪拌2小時。
攪拌結束後,將反應混合物放冷至室溫,過濾經放冷之混合物。隨後,使用濾液與飽和食鹽水進行分液處理。
其次,以硫酸鈉乾燥所得有機層,於經乾燥之有機層中添加活性碳且在室溫攪拌30分鐘。其次,以過濾去除活性碳後濃縮濾液,將所得濃縮液滴加於保持在攪拌狀態下之甲醇1.3L中,就此攪拌1小時。
隨後,過濾所得漿液溶液,減壓下乾燥過濾物獲得目的之三芳基胺衍生物A(收量27.0g)。1H-NMR測定結果示於下。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.27-7.30(m,7H)、7.20-7.22(m,5H)、7.30-7.13(m,12H)、6.97(d,J=9.2Hz,4H)
[2]電荷輸送性漆料之調製
[實施例2-1]
在氮氣氛圍下,使電荷輸送性物質之以式(f)表示之寡苯胺衍生物0.106g及摻雜物之磷鎢酸0.636g溶解於1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮8g中。於所得溶液中添加環己醇12g及丙二醇4g並攪拌,於其中添加三芳基胺衍生物A 0.074g進而攪拌,調製電荷輸送性漆料。又,以式(f)表示之寡苯胺衍生物係依照國際公開第2013/084664號記載之方法合成。
[比較例1]
除了未添加三芳基胺衍生物A以外,餘以與實施例2-1相同之方法調製電荷輸送性漆料。
[3]二層元件之製造及特性評價
[實施例3-1]
使用旋轉塗佈機將實施例2-1所得之漆料塗佈於ITO基板上後,在50℃乾燥5分鐘,其次在大氣氛圍下於230℃燒成15分鐘,於ITO基板上形成30nm之均勻薄膜。ITO基板係使用使銦錫氧化物(ITO)以膜厚150nm圖型化於表面上而成之25mm×25mm×0.7t之玻璃基板,使用前以O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W,30秒)去除表面上之雜質。
其次,使用蒸鍍裝置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)將α-NPD及鋁之薄膜依序積層於形成薄膜之ITO基板上,獲得二層元件。此時,蒸鍍速率為α-NPD及鋁均為0.2nm/秒之條件,膜厚分別為30nm及100nm。
又,為防止因空氣中之氧、水等之影響造成之特性劣化,故二層元件以密封基板密封後評價其特性。密封係藉以下順序進行。
在氧濃度2ppm以下、露點-85℃以下之氮氛圍中,將
有機EL元件收納於密封基板之間,以接著材(MORESCO(股)製,MORESCO濕度卡WB90US(P))貼合密封基板。此時,將捕水劑(DYNIC(股)製,HD-071010W-40)與有機EL元件一起收納於密封基板內。對貼合之密封基板照射UV光(波長365nm,照射量6,000mJ/cm2)後,在80℃退火處理1小時,使接著材硬化。
[比較例2]
除了使用比較例1中獲得之漆料代替實施例2-1中獲得之漆料以外,餘以與實施例3-1相同之方法製造二層元件。
針對該等元件,測定在驅動電壓3V下之電流密度。結果示於表19。
如表19所示,可知藉由將本發明之三芳基胺衍生物添加於電荷輸送性漆料中,可提高對電洞輸送層之電洞輸送性。
[4]有機EL元件之製造及特性評價
[實施例4-1]
使用旋轉塗佈機將實施例2-1所得之漆料塗佈於ITO基板上後,在50℃乾燥5分鐘,其次在大氣氛圍下於230℃燒成15分鐘,於ITO基板上形成30nm之均勻薄膜。ITO基板係使用使銦錫氧化物(ITO)以膜厚150nm圖型化於表面上而成之25mm×25mm×0.7t之玻璃基板,使用前以O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W,30秒)去除表面上之雜質。
其次,使用蒸鍍裝置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)將α-NPD、Alq3、氟化鋰及鋁之薄膜依序積層於已形成薄膜之ITO基板上,獲得有機EL元件。此時,蒸鍍速率為α-NPD、Alq3及鋁均為0.2nm/秒,氟化鋰為0.02nm/秒之條件,膜厚分別為30nm、40nm、0.5nm及1,000nm。
又,為防止因空氣中之氧、水等之影響造成之特性劣化,故與實施例3-1同樣進行密封。
[比較例3]
除了使用比較例1所得之漆料代替實施例2-1中獲得之漆料以外,餘以與實施例4-1相同之方法製造有機EL元件。
針對所製作之元件,測定在驅動電壓5V下之電流密度、亮度及電流效率。結果示於表20。又,各元件之發光面尺寸之面積為2mm×2mm。
如表20所示,可知藉由使用由包含本發明之三芳基胺衍生物之電荷輸送性漆料獲得之薄膜作為電洞注入層,可獲得亮度特性優異之有機EL元件。
Claims (13)
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性漆料,其中Ar1~Ar4同時為苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基或9-菲基。
- 如請求項3之電荷輸送性漆料,其中前述X係以式(X1)表示之基。
- 如請求項1或2之電荷輸送性漆料,其中A為全氟甲烷二基、全氟乙烷-1,2-二基、全氟丙烷-1,3-二基、全氟丙烷-2,2-二基、全氟丁烷-1,4-二基、全氟戊烷-1,5-二基或全氟己烷-1,6-二基。
- 如請求項5之電荷輸送性漆料,其中前述A為全氟丙烷-2,2-二基。
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性漆料,其進而包含摻雜物。
- 如請求項7之電荷輸送性漆料,其中前述摻雜物包含雜多酸。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如請求項1~10中任一項之電荷輸送性漆料製作而成。
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其具有如請求項11之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵係將如請求項1~10中任一項之電荷輸送性漆料塗佈於基材上,並使溶劑蒸發。
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