TWI663147B - Charge transport varnish - Google Patents
Charge transport varnish Download PDFInfo
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- TWI663147B TWI663147B TW104131470A TW104131470A TWI663147B TW I663147 B TWI663147 B TW I663147B TW 104131470 A TW104131470 A TW 104131470A TW 104131470 A TW104131470 A TW 104131470A TW I663147 B TWI663147 B TW I663147B
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- charge
- bis
- carbon atoms
- transporting
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- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 hydroxy, mercapto Chemical class 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 5
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoethenylideneazanide Chemical group [N-]=C=[C+]C#N POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- ONUFSRWQCKNVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ONUFSRWQCKNVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PKURFTDCIWJBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(CCCCCC)=CC=C21 PKURFTDCIWJBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005951 trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(3-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=C(C=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
由式(1)所表示之芳基胺衍生物所構成之電荷輸送性物質對有機溶劑展現良好之溶解性,將由包含此電荷輸送性物質之電荷輸送性清漆所製作之薄膜適用於電洞注入層時,即能實現具有優異亮度特性之有機EL元件。
Description
本發明係關於電荷輸送性清漆。
有機電致發光(以下,稱為有機EL)元件係使用由有機化合物所構成之電荷輸送性薄膜作為發光層或電荷注入層。尤其,電洞注入層係負責陽極與電洞輸送層或與發光層之電荷之交換,在為了達成有機EL元件之低驅動電壓及高亮度上展現重要之功能。
電荷輸送性薄膜之形成方法係大致區別為由蒸鍍法所代表之乾式製程與由旋轉塗佈法所代表之濕式製程,若比較此等各製程時,濕式製程能更有效率地製造大面積且高平坦性之薄膜。因此,在有機EL顯示器朝向大面積化前進之現在,希望有在濕式製程下能形成之電洞注入層。
然而,在有機EL元件之初期特性及壽命特性,及其製造製程上仍有諸多未解決之課題。為了解決此等各式各樣之課題,既有各種關於有機EL元件用之機能性薄膜形成用材料之探討。作為其之一環,已逐漸探討關於具有電洞注入性之電荷輸送性物質至今。
作為具有電洞注入性之電荷輸送性物質,已知有芳基聯苯胺衍生物。例如,已提出將使作為芳基聯苯胺衍生物之四芳基聯苯胺進行交聯成茀構造或環己烷構造者作為電荷輸送性物質(例如參照專利文獻1~5)。
然而,目前尚未發現關於電荷輸送性物質係使用2個氮原子皆係具有與氫原子之鍵結之芳基聯苯胺衍生物之交聯物之例。
[專利文獻1]歐洲專利申請案公開第2684932號說明書
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2013/022419號
[專利文獻3]國際公開第2014/009310號
[專利文獻4]特開2002-179630號公報
[專利文獻5]歐洲專利申請案公開第650955號說明書
本發明係有鑑於此種情事所完成者,其目的在於提供一種電洞注入性優異之新穎電荷輸送性物質及包含此之電荷輸送性清漆、由該清漆所得之電荷輸送性薄膜
及其製造方法、以及具有該薄膜之有機EL元件。
本發明者等為了達成上述目的經過重複精心探討之結果,發現包含聯苯胺構造之特定芳基胺衍生物具有對有機溶劑之優異溶解性,且由使其溶解於有機溶劑而調製成之清漆能取得發揮高電荷輸送性之薄膜,及將該薄膜適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,能取得亮度特性優異之元件,進而完成了本發明。
即,本發明為提供以下者。
1.一種電荷輸送性物質,其係由式(1)所表示之芳基胺衍生物所構成;
[式中,R1~R8係互相獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、或可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基或碳數1~20之烷氧基,Ar1表示可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,n表示1~3之整數,X表示式(2a)或(2b)所表示之2價有機基,
(式中,R9及R10係互相獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基、可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,或
R9與R10亦可結合形成碳數3~21之縮環之環式烴基,R11及R12係互相獨立表示氫原子或氟原子,R13~R20係互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基、或Z3,m表示1~4之整數)
Z1表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、羧酸基、或可經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基;Z2表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、羧酸基,或可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基;Z3表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、或羧酸基]。
2.如1之電荷輸送性物質,其中前述X為一種選自式(3a)~(3h)所表示之2價有機基;
3.一種電荷輸送性材料,其係包含如1或2之電荷輸送性物質。
4.一種電荷輸送性清漆,其係包含如1或2之電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑。
5.如4之電荷輸送性清漆,其中更包含摻質物質。
6.如5之電荷輸送性清漆,其中前述摻質物質包含
雜多酸。
7.一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如4~6中任一項之電荷輸送性清漆所製作者。
8.一種有機電致發光元件,其係具有如7之電荷輸送性薄膜。
9.一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其係將如4~6中任一項之電荷輸送性清漆塗佈於基材上並使溶劑蒸發。
本發明之電荷輸送性物質即芳基胺衍生物係容易溶解於有機溶劑,使此與摻質一同溶解於有機溶劑即能容易地調製成電荷輸送性清漆。
由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所製作之薄膜由於展現高電荷輸送性,故能適宜做為以有機EL元件為首之電子裝置用之薄膜。尤其,藉由將此薄膜適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層,即能取得亮度特性優異之有機EL元件。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性清漆即使在使用旋轉塗佈法或狹縫塗佈法等能大面積成膜之各種濕式製程之情況,仍能再現性良好地製造電荷輸送性優異之薄膜,故亦能充分對應近年來有機EL元件領域中之進展。
又,從本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所得之薄膜亦能使用作為防帶電膜或有機薄膜太陽電池之陽極緩衝層等。
以下,更詳細說明關於本發明。
本發明之電荷輸送性物質係由式(1)所表示之芳基胺衍生物所構成。
在此,電荷輸送性係意指與導電性同義,且係與電洞輸送性同義。電荷輸送性物質可為其自身具有電荷輸送性者,亦可為與摻雜物質一同使用時具有電荷輸送性者。電荷輸送性清漆可為其自身具有電荷輸送性者,亦可為藉此而得之固形膜係具有電荷輸送性者。
式(1)中,R1~R8係互相獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子,或可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基或碳數1~20之烷氧基。
作為鹵素原子,可舉出如氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。
作為碳數1~20之烷基之具體例,可為直鏈狀、分枝鏈狀、環狀之任意者,可舉出例如,甲基、乙基、n-丙基、異丙基、n-丁基、異丁基、s-丁基、t-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基、n-壬基、n-癸基等之碳數1~20之直鏈或分枝鏈狀烷基;環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、雙環丁基、雙環戊基、雙環己基、雙環庚基、雙環辛基、雙環壬
基、雙環癸基等之碳數3~20之環狀烷基等。
作為碳數1~20之烷氧基之具體例,其中之烷基可為直鏈狀、分枝鏈狀、環狀之任意者,可舉出例如,甲氧基、乙氧基、n-丙氧基、i-丙氧基、c-丙氧基、n-丁氧基、i-丁氧基、s-丁氧基、t-丁氧基、c-丁氧基、n-戊氧基、1-甲基-n-丁氧基、2-甲基-n-丁氧基、3-甲基-n-丁氧基、1,1-二甲基-n-丙氧基、c-戊氧基、2-甲基-c-丁氧基、n-己氧基、1-甲基-n-戊氧基、2-甲基-n-戊氧基、1,1-二甲基-n-丁氧基、1-乙基-n-丁氧基、1,1,2-三甲基-n-丙氧基、c-己氧基、1-甲基-c-戊氧基、1-乙基-c-丁氧基、1,2-二甲基-c-丁氧基、n-庚氧基、n-辛氧基、n-壬氧基、n-癸氧基等。
Ar1表示可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基。
作為碳數6~20之芳基之具體例,可舉出如苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基、9-菲基等。
n表示1~3之整數,較佳為1。
X表示式(2a)或(2b)所表示之2價有機基。
R9及R10係互相獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、
碳數1~20之氟烷基、可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,或表示R9與R10結合形成碳數3~21之亦可縮環之環式烴基,R11及R12係互相獨立表示氫原子或氟原子,R13~R20係互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基,或Z3。
作為碳數1~20之烷基、碳數6~20之芳基,可舉出與上述相同者。
作為碳數1~20之氟烷基之具體例,可為直鏈狀、分枝鏈狀、環狀之任意者,可舉出例如,三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、七氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、2,2,3,3-四氟丙基、2,2,2-三氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基、九氟丁基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、十一氟戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-九氟戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基、十三氟己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-十一氟己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十氟己基、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟己基等。
m表示1~4之整數,較佳為1。
又,作為R9與R10結合而形成之碳數3~21之亦可縮環之環式烴基,可舉出如下述式所示者,但並不受限於此等者。
Z1表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、羧酸基,或可經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、羧酸基,或可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基,Z3表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、或羧酸基。
作為此等鹵素原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數6~20之芳基,可舉出如與上述相同者。
作為碳數2~20之雜芳基之具體例,可舉出如2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-異噁唑基、4-異噁唑基、5-異噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、3-異噻唑基、4-異噻唑基、5-異噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基等。
作為碳數2~20之烯基之具體例,可舉出如乙烯基、n-1-丙烯基、n-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、n-1-丁烯基、n-2-丁烯基、n-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、n-1-戊烯基、n-1-癸烯基、n-1-二十烯基等。
作為碳數2~20之炔基之具體例,可舉出如乙炔基、n-1-丙炔基、n-2-丙炔基、n-1-丁炔基、n-2-丁炔基、n-3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、n-1-戊炔基、n-2-戊
炔基、n-3-戊炔基、n-4-戊炔基、1-甲基-n-丁炔基、2-甲基-n-丁炔基、3-甲基-n-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-n-丙炔基、n-1-己炔基、n-1-癸炔基、n-1-十五炔基、n-1-二十炔基等。
此等之中,作為R1~R8係以互相獨立為氫原子、碳數1~6之烷基、碳數1~6之烷氧基為佳,以互相獨立為氫原子、甲基、乙基、甲氧基為較佳,以皆係氫原子為更較佳。
作為Ar1,以可經Z2取代之苯基為佳,以非取代之苯基為較佳。
作為R9及R10,以碳數1~6之烷基、碳數1~6之氟烷基、可經Z2取代之碳數6~18之芳基、R9與R10結合而成之下述式所表示之環式烴基為佳,以甲基、R9與R10結合而成之下述式所表示之環式烴基為較佳。
作為R11及R12,以皆係氫原子為佳。
作為R13~R20,以互相獨立為氫原子、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、鹵素原子為佳,以皆係氫原子為較佳。
因此,X係以式(3a)~(3h)所表示之任意之2價有機基為適宜。
其中,亦以式(3a’)~(3h’)所表示任意之2價有機基的情況為更佳。
尚且,上述烷基、氟烷基、烷氧基、烯基及炔基之碳數係以10以下為佳,較佳為6以下,更佳為4以下。
又,芳基及雜芳基之碳數係以14以下為佳,較佳為10以下,更佳為6以下。
上述芳基胺衍生物之分子量通常在300~5,000,但從提高溶解性之觀點,以4,000以下為佳,較佳為3,000以下,更佳為2,000以下。
本發明之式(1)所示之芳基胺衍生物係使聯苯基化合物與二胺化合物在觸媒存在下使其反應而能製造
者,但不受限於此製造法。
例如,具有X係式(2a)所示之2價有機基之芳基胺衍生物(6)係使式(4)所示之聯苯基化合物與式(5)所示之二胺化合物在觸媒存在下進行反應而能取得。
又,具有X係式(2b)所示之2價有機基之芳基胺衍生物(8)係使式(4)所示之聯苯基化合物與式(7)所示之二胺化合物在觸媒存在下進行反應而能取得。
作為鹵素原子,可舉出與上述相同者。
作為擬鹵素基,可舉出如甲烷磺醯氧基、三氟甲烷磺醯氧基、九氟丁烷磺醯氧基等之(氟)烷基磺醯氧基;苯磺醯氧基、甲苯磺醯氧基等之芳香族磺醯氧基等。
式(5)所表示之二胺化合物與式(4)所表示之聯苯基化合物之添加比係相對於二胺化合物之全NH基之物質量而言,可將聯苯基化合物作成當量以上,但適宜為1~1.2當量程度。
作為上述反應所使用之觸媒,可舉出例如,氯化銅、溴化銅、碘化銅等之銅觸媒;Pd(PPh3)4(肆(三苯基膦)鈀)、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(雙(三苯基膦)二氯鈀)、Pd(dba)2(雙(亞苄基丙酮)鈀)、Pd2(dba)3(參(亞苄基丙酮)二鈀)、Pd(P-t-Bu3)2(雙(三(t-丁基)膦)鈀)等之鈀觸媒等。此等觸媒係可單獨使用,亦可將2種以上組合使用。又,此等觸媒係亦可與公知適宜之配位子一同使用。
觸媒之使用量係將使用之二胺化合物作成1mol時,可做成0.001~0.5mol程度,但適宜為0.01~0.1mol程度。
又,在使用配位子時,其使用量係相對於所使用之金屬錯合物,可做成0.1~5當量,但適宜為1~2當量。
上述反應亦可在溶劑中進行。在使用溶劑時,其之種類只要係不對反應造成不良影響者,即無特別
限制。作為具體例,可舉出如脂肪族烴類(戊烷、n-己烷、n-辛烷、n-癸烷、十氫萘等)、鹵化脂肪族烴類(氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、四氯化碳等)、芳香族烴類(苯、硝基苯、甲苯、o-茬、m-茬、p-茬、均三甲苯等)、鹵化芳香族烴類(氯苯、溴苯、o-二氯苯、m-二氯苯、p-二氯苯等)、醚類(二乙基醚、二異丙基醚、t-丁基甲基醚、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等)、酮類(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二-n-丁基酮、環己酮等)、醯胺類(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺等)、內醯胺及內酯類(N-甲基吡咯啶酮、γ-丁內酯等)、脲類(N,N-二甲基咪唑啉酮、四甲基脲等)、亞碸類(二甲亞碸、環丁碸等)、腈類(乙腈、丙腈、丁腈等)等,此等之溶劑係可單獨使用,亦可混合2種以上使用。
反應溫度適宜設定在所使用之溶劑融點至沸點為止之範圍內即可,尤其係以0~200℃程度為佳,以20~150℃為較佳。
反應結束後依循常法進行後處理,即能取得目的之芳基胺衍生物。
尚且,式(4)所示之聯苯基化合物係使Ar1NH2(Ar1表示與上述相同意義)與4,4’-二鹵化或二擬鹵化聯苯基化合物在與上述相同之觸媒下進行反應而能取得。
作為式(1)所表示之芳基胺衍生物之具體
例,可舉出如下述式所表示者,但並非係受限於此等。尚且,式中Y1及Y2係各別代表以下所示之1價有機基。
本發明之電荷輸送性清漆雖為包含由式(1)所表示之芳基胺衍生物所構成之電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑者,但因應取得之薄膜之用途,在提升其電荷輸送能力等目的上,亦可包含摻質物質。
作為摻質物質,只要係會溶解於清漆所使用之至少1種溶劑者,即無特別限定,能無機系之摻質物質、有機系之摻質物質之任意者。
作為無機系之摻質物質,可舉出如氯化氫、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等之無機酸;氯化鋁(III)(AlCl3)、四氯化鈦(IV)(TiCl4)、三溴化硼(BBr3)、三氟化硼醚錯合物(BF3‧OEt2)、氯化鐵(III)(FeCl3)、氯化銅(II)(CuCl2)、五氯化銻(V)(SbCl5)、五氟化銻(V)(SbF5)、五氟化砷(V)(AsF5)、五氟化磷(PF5)、參(4-溴苯基)鋁六氯銻酸鹽(TBPAH)等之金屬鹵化物;Cl2、Br2、I2、ICl、ICl3、IBr、IF4等之鹵素;磷鉬酸、磷鎢酸等之雜多酸等。
作為有機系之摻雜物質,可舉出如苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、p-苯乙烯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-羥基苯磺酸、5-磺柳酸、p-十二基苯磺酸、二己基苯磺酸、2,5-二己基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、6,7-二丁基-2-萘磺酸、十二基萘磺酸、3-十二基-2-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、4-己基-1-萘磺酸、辛基萘磺酸、2-辛基-1-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、7-己基-1-萘磺酸、6-己基-2-萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4-萘磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4,5-萘二磺酸、國際公開第2005/000832號記載之1,4-苯並二噁烷二磺酸化合物、國際公開第2006/025342號記載之芳基磺酸化合物、國際公開第2009/096352號記載之芳基磺酸化合物、
聚苯乙烯磺酸等之芳基碸化合物;10-樟腦磺酸等之非芳基碸化合物;7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷(TCNQ)、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)等之有機氧化劑。
此等無機系及有機系之摻雜物質係可單獨使用1種類,亦可將2種類以上組合使用。
此等摻雜物質之中則以雜多酸為適宜,藉由使用雜多酸做為摻雜物質,即能取得不僅展現來自以銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)所代表之透明電極之高電洞接受能力,且展現來自以鋁所代表之金屬陽極之高電洞接受能力之電荷輸送性優異之薄膜。
雜多酸係指由代表性地以式(B1)所示之Keggin型或式(B2)所示之Dawson型之化學構造所示之具有雜原子位於分子中心之構造,且係釩(V)、鉬(Mo)、鎢(W)等之含氧酸即同素聚合酸與異種元素之含氧酸進行縮合而成之多元酸。作為此種異種元素之含氧酸,主要可舉出如矽(Si)、磷(P)、砷(As)之含氧酸。
作為雜多酸之具體例,可舉出如磷鉬酸、矽鉬酸、磷鎢酸、矽鎢酸、磷鎢鉬酸等,此等係可單獨使用,亦可將2種以上組合使用。尚且,本發明使用之雜多酸係能取得作為市售品,又,亦能藉由公知方法進行合
成。
尤其,摻質物質係單獨由1種類之雜多酸所構成時,該1種類之雜多酸係以磷鎢酸或磷鉬酸為佳,但以磷鎢酸為最適宜。又,摻質物質係由2種類以上之雜多酸所構成時,該2種類以上之雜多酸之一係以磷鎢酸或磷鉬酸為佳,但以磷鎢酸為較佳。
尚且,雜多酸在元素分析等之定量分析下,即使係元素之數量多於或少於一般式所示之構造者,其只要係取得作為市售品或藉由公知之合成方法適宜合成者,皆能使用在本發明中。
即,例如一般而言,磷鎢酸係以化學式H3(PW12O40)‧nH2O所示,而磷鉬酸係以化學式H3(PMo12O40)‧nH2O所表示,在定量分析下,此式中之P(磷)、O(氧)或W(鎢)或Mo(鉬)之數量即使為較多者或較少者,只要其係取得作為市售品者,或依照公知之合成方法所適宜合成者,皆能使用在本發明中。此時,本發明所規定之雜多酸之質量並非係指合成物或市售品中之純粹磷鎢酸之質量(磷鎢酸含量),而係指在能取得作為市售品之形態及公知合成法下能單離之形態中,包含水合水或其他雜質等之狀態下之全質量。
又,亦能適宜使用芳基磺酸化合物作為摻雜物質。尤其以式(7)或(8)所表示之芳基磺酸化合物為佳。
A1表示O或S,但以O為佳。
A2表示萘環或蒽環,但以萘環為佳。
A3表示2~4價之全氟聯苯基,p表示A1與A3之結合數係且滿足2≦p≦4之整數,A3為2價之全氟聯苯基,且p係以2為佳。
q表示結合於A2之磺酸基數,且係滿足1≦q≦4之整數,但以2為最佳。
A4~A8係互相獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、氰基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之鹵化烷基、或碳數2~20之鹵化烯基,A4~A8之中至少3各為鹵素原子。
作為碳數1~20之鹵化烷基,可舉出如三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、1,1,2,2,3,3,3-七氟丙基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、3,3,4,4,4-五氟丁基、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-九氟丁基等。
作為碳數2~20之鹵化烯基,可舉出如全氟乙烯基、全氟丙烯基(烯丙基)、全氟丁烯基等。
其他,作為鹵素原子、碳數1~20之烷基之例,可舉出與上述相同者,但鹵素原子係以氟原子為佳。
此等之中,以A4~A8為氫原子、鹵素原子、氰基、碳數1~10之烷基、碳數1~10之鹵化烷基或碳數
2~10之鹵化烯基,且A4~A8之中至少3個為氟原子為佳,以氫原子、氟原子、氰基、碳數1~5之烷基、碳數1~5之氟化烷基或碳數2~5之氟化烯基,且A4~A8之中至少3個為氟原子為較佳,以氫原子、氟原子、氰基、碳數1~5之全氟烷基或碳數1~5之全氟烯基,且A4、A5及A8皆係氟原子為更較佳。
尚且,全氟烷基係指烷基之氫原子全部被氟原子所取代之基,全氟烯基係指烯基之氫原子全部被氟原子取代之基。
r表示結合於萘環之磺酸基數,且係滿足1≦r≦4之整數,但以2~4為佳,以2為最佳。
使用作為摻雜物質之芳基磺酸化合物之分子量並非係受到特別限定者,若考慮到在與電荷輸送性寡聚物一同時對於有機溶劑之溶解性時,則以2000以下為佳,較佳為1500以下。
以下,例示本發明中使用作為摻雜物質之適宜芳基磺酸化合物之具體例,但並非係受限於此等。
本發明之電荷輸送性清漆中包含摻雜物質
時,摻雜物質之使用量由於在考量到摻雜物質之種類、所欲之電荷輸送性之程度等才適宜決定,故無法一概規定,一般而言,在質量比下,相對於電荷輸送性物質1,可在0.01~50之範圍內,但從提升取得薄膜之電荷輸送性之觀點,較佳為0.1~20,更佳為0.2~10之範圍內。
作為在調製電荷輸送性清漆時所使用之有機溶劑,可使用能良好地溶解電荷輸送性物質及因應必要所使用之摻雜物質之高溶解性溶劑。
作為此種高溶解性溶劑,可舉出例如,環己酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二乙二醇單甲基醚等之有機溶劑,但並非係受限於此等者。此等溶劑係能單獨使用1種或將2種以上混合使用,其使用量係相對於清漆所使用之溶劑全體而言,可作成5~100質量%。
尚且,電荷輸送性物質及摻雜物質係以在任意之上述溶劑中成為完全溶解,或均勻分散之狀態為佳,又以完全溶解為較佳。
又,本發明中,藉由使清漆含有至少一種在25℃下具有10~200mPa‧s,尤其係具有35~150mPa‧s之黏度,且在常壓(大氣壓)下沸點為50~300℃,尤其係150~250℃之高黏度有機溶劑,即可變得容易調整清漆之黏度,其結果係變得能調製出因應所使用之塗佈方法且再現性良好地賦予高平坦性薄膜之清漆。
作為高黏度有機溶劑,可舉出例如,環己醇、乙二
醇、乙二醇二環氧丙基醚、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等,但並非係受限於此等者。此等溶劑係可單獨使用,亦可將2種以上混合使用。
本發明中相對於清漆所使用之溶劑全體,高黏度有機溶劑之添加比例係以在不使固體析出之範圍內為佳,只要係不使固體析出,其添加比例係以5~90質量%為佳。
並且,在提升對基板之濕潤性、調整溶劑之表面張力、調整極性、調整沸點等之目的上,相對於清漆所使用之溶劑全體而言,亦能在1~90質量%,較佳在1~50質量%之比例下混合其他溶劑。
作為此種溶劑,可舉出例如,丙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二丙酮醇、γ-丁內酯、乳酸乙酯、n-己基乙酸酯等,但並非係受限於此等。此等溶劑係能單獨使用1種或將2種以上混合使用。
本發明之清漆之黏度係因應所製作之薄膜厚度等或固形分濃度等而適宜設定者,通常在25℃下為1~50mPa‧s。
又,本發明中電荷輸送性清漆之固形分濃度係在考量到清漆黏度及表面張力等或所製作之薄膜厚度等後而適宜設定者,通常為0.1~10.0質量%程度,若考慮到提升清漆
之塗佈性時,則以0.5~5.0質量%程度為佳,較佳為1.0~3.0質量%程度。
藉由將以上所說明之電荷輸送性清漆塗佈於基材上進行燒成,即能在基材上使電荷輸送性薄膜形成。
作為清漆之塗佈方法,並非係受到特別限定者,可舉出如浸漬法、旋轉塗佈法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈法、噴墨法、噴霧法、狹縫塗佈法等,因應塗佈方法而調節清漆之黏度及表面張力為佳。
燒成環境並非係受到特別限定者,但以大氣環境為佳。
燒成溫度係在考量到取得之薄膜之用途、賦予取得之薄膜之電荷輸送性程度、溶劑之種類或沸點等後,在100~260℃程度之範圍內適宜設定者,在將取得之薄膜使用作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,則以140~250℃程度為佳,以145~240℃程度為較佳。
尚且,於燒成之際,在使其展現較高均勻成膜性,或於基材上使其進行反應之目的上,亦可施加2段階以上之溫度變化,加熱係使用例如加熱板或烤箱等,使用適當機器進行即可。
電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚並無特別限定,在有機EL元件內使用作為電洞注入層時,以5~200nm為佳。作為改變膜厚之方法,如有改變清漆中之固形分濃度,或改變塗佈時基板上之溶液量等之方法。
作為使用本發明之電荷輸送性清漆製作有機
EL元件時之使用材料,或製作方法,可舉出如下述者,但並非係受到此等所限定者。
所使用之電極基板係以預先進行利用洗淨劑、醇、純水等之液體洗淨使其淨化者為佳,例如,陽極基板係在使用之前進行UV臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等之表面處理為佳。但,陽極材料係將有機物作為主成分時,亦可不進行表面處理。
具有由從本發明之電荷輸送性清漆而得之薄膜所構成之電洞注入層之有機EL元件之製作方法之例係如以下所示。
藉由上述方法,在陽極基板上塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性清漆並進行燒成,而在電極上製成電洞注入層。將此導入於真空蒸鍍裝置內,依電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層/電洞阻擋層、陰極金屬之順序進行蒸鍍而作成有機EL元件。尚且,因應必要,亦可在發光層與電洞輸送層之間設置電子阻擋層。
作為陽極材料,可舉出由銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)所代表之透明電極,或由鋁所代表之金屬或由此等合金等所構成之金屬陽極,亦以已實施平坦化處理者為佳。亦能使用具有高電荷輸送性之聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
尚且,作為構成金屬陽極之其他金屬,可舉出如鈧、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鎵、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、鎘、銦、鈧、鑭、鈰、鐠、釹、
鉅、釤、銪、釓、鋱、鏑、鈥、鉺、銩、鐿、鉿、鉈、鎢、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鈦、鉛、鉍獲此等合金等,但並非係受限於此等者。
作為形成電洞輸送層之材料,可舉出如(三苯基胺)二聚物衍生物、[(三苯基胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N’-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯胺、2,2’,7,7’-肆(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-聯苯-4-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-萘-2-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N-萘-1-基-N-苯基胺基)-苯基]-9H-茀、2,2’,7,7’-肆[N-萘基(苯基)-胺基]-9,9-旋環雙茀、N,N’-雙(菲-9-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、2,2’-雙[N,N-雙(聯苯-4-基)胺基]-9,9-旋環雙茀、2,2’-雙(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、二-[4-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)-苯基]環己烷、2,2’,7,7’-四(N,N-二(p-甲苯基))胺基-9,9-旋環雙茀、
N,N,N’,N’-四-萘-2-基-聯苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3’-二甲基聯苯胺、N,N’-二(萘基)-N,N’-二(萘-2-基)-聯苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(萘基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-二(萘-2-基)-N,N’-二苯基聯苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(m-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘-2,6-二胺、參(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2’-雙(3-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)苯基)聯苯、4,4’,4”-參[3-甲基苯基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4’,4”-參[1-萘基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(1-TNATA)等之三芳基胺類、5,5”-雙-{4-[雙(4-甲基苯基)胺基]苯基}-2,2’:5’,2”-聯三噻吩(BMA-3T)等之寡噻吩類等。
作為形成發光層之材料,可舉出如參(8-羥基喹啉)鋁(III)(Alq3)、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅(II)(Znq2)、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(p-苯基酚根)鋁(III)(BAlq)、4,4’-雙(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)聯苯、9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2-t-丁基-9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2,7-雙[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2-甲基-9,10-雙(萘-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-旋環雙茀-2-基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、2,7-雙(9,9-旋環雙茀-2-基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2,2’-二芘基-9,9-旋環雙茀、1,3,5-參(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-雙[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-茀、2,2’-二(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-旋環雙茀、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(聯苯-4-
基)稠五苯、3,9-二(萘-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘-2-基)苝、參[4-(芘基)-苯基]胺、10,10’-二(聯苯-4-基)-9,9’-聯蒽、N,N’-二(萘-1-基)-N,N’-二苯基-[1,1’:4’,1”:4”,1'''-四聯苯基]-4,4'''-二胺、4,4’-二[10-(萘-1-基)蒽-9-基]聯苯、二苯並{[f,f’]-4,4’,7,7’-四苯基}二茚並[1,2,3-cd:1’,2’,3’-lm]苝、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-參(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4’,4”-參(咔唑-9-基)三苯基胺、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)聯苯、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基茀、2,2’,7,7’-肆(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(p-甲苯基)茀、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-旋環雙茀、1,4-雙(三苯基矽基)苯、1,3-雙(三苯基矽基)苯、雙(4-N,N-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基茀、4,4”-二(三苯基矽基)-p-三聯苯基、4,4’-二(三苯基矽基)聯苯、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(三苯基矽基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙三苯甲基-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-茀-9-基)-9H-咔唑、2,6-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)苯基)矽烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯並[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-茀-2-胺、3,5-
雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-旋環雙茀-2-基-二苯基-膦氧化物、9,9’-(5-(三苯基矽基)-1,3-伸苯基)雙(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-雙(二苯基磷醯基)-9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(p-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-氮雜二苯並[cd,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-啡啉、2,2’-雙(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)聯苯、2,8-雙(二苯基磷醯基)二苯並[b,d]噻吩、雙(2-甲基苯基)二苯基矽烷、雙[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基矽烷、3,6-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9-(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷醯基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷醯基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-雙[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等,亦可藉由與發光性摻質一同共蒸鍍而形成發光層。
作為發光性摻質,可舉出如3-(2-苯並噻唑基)-7-(二乙基胺基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氫-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯並噻唑基)喹嗪基[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、喹吖啶酮、N,N’-二甲基-喹吖啶酮、參(2-苯基吡啶)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、參[2-(p-甲苯基)吡啶]銥(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-雙[N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、9,10-雙[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、雙[2-(2-羥基苯基)苯並噻唑根]鋅(II)、N10,N10,N10’,N10’-四(p-甲苯基)-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10,N10’,N10’-四苯基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10’-
二苯基-N10,N10’-二萘基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、4,4’-雙(9-乙基-3-咔唑伸乙烯基)-1,1’-聯苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝、1,4-雙[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑)乙烯基]苯、4,4’-雙[4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)-4’-[(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]茋、雙[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶基)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶基)]銥(III)、4,4’-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶根)肆(1-吡唑基)硼酸銥(III)、N,N’-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-參(9,9-二甲基伸茀基)、2,7-雙{2-[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]-9,9-二甲基-茀-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-茀、N-(4-((E)-2-(6((E)-4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)萘-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯並咪唑啉-2-亞基-C,C2’)、mer-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯並咪唑啉-2-亞基-C,C2’)、2,7-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-旋環雙茀、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯並[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯並[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)胺基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-雙(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘-2-胺、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶根)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四唑根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基亞磷酸)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑根)(苄基二苯基亞磷酸)銥(III)、雙(1-(2,4-二氟苄
基)-3-甲基苯並咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑根)(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶根)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶根)(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-2-(2’-吡啶基)吡唑根)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶根)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)銥(III)、(Z)-6-荚基-N-(6-荚基喹啉-2(1H)-亞基)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲基胺基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-久咯啶-9-烯基-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久咯啶-9-烯基)-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-t-丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久咯啶-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-吡喃、參(二苄醯基甲烷)啡啉銪(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基稠四苯、雙(2-苯並[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)、雙(1-苯基異喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、雙[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)-異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、雙[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參[4,4’-二-t-丁基-(2,2’)-聯吡啶]釕(III)‧雙(六氟磷酸酯)、參(2-苯基喹啉)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、2,8-二-t-丁基-5,11-雙(4-t-丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基稠四苯、雙(2-苯基苯並噻唑根)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯並卟啉
鉑、鋨(II)雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑根)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)二苯基甲基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑根)二甲基苯基膦、雙[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉]銥(III)、參[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶根)銥(III)、雙(2-(9,9-二乙基-茀-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯並[d]咪唑根)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-色烯-2-根)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-酸二根)銥(III)、雙(苯基異喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酸根)銥(III)、銥(III)雙(4-苯基噻吩並[3,2-c]吡啶根-N,C2’)乙醯基丙酮酸根、(E)-2-(2-t-丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫-1H-吡咯並[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(1-異喹啉基)吡唑根)(甲基二苯基膦)釕、雙[(4-n-己基苯基)異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、鉑(II)八乙基卟吩、雙(2-甲基二苯並[f,h]喹喔啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參[(4-n-己基苯基)氧基喹啉]銥(III)等。
作為形成電子輸送層/電洞阻擋層之材料,可
舉出如8-羥基羥基喹啉-鋰、2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-石油精甲苯基)-參(1-苯基-1-H-苯並咪唑)、2-(4-聯苯基)5-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(苯基苯酚根)鋁、1,3-雙[2-(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-氧雜二偶氮-5-基]苯、6,6’-雙[5-(聯苯-4-基)-1,3,4-氧雜二偶氮-2-基]-2,2’-聯吡啶、3-(4-聯苯)-4-苯基-5-t-丁基苯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(萘-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑、2,9-雙(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、2,7-雙[2-(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-氧雜二偶氮-5-基]-9,9-二甲基茀、1,3-雙[2-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-氧雜二偶氮-5-基]苯、參(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑[4,5f][1,10]啡啉、2-(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、苯基-二芘基膦氧化物、3,3’,5,5’-四[(m-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]聯苯、1,3,5-參[(3-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]苯、4,4’-雙(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)聯苯、1,3-雙[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、雙(10-羥基苯並[h]喹啉根)鈹、二苯基雙(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)矽烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
作為形成電子注入層之材料,可舉出如氧化鋰(Li2O)、氧化鎂(MgO)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鎂(MgF2)、氟化銫(CsF)、氟化鍶(SrF2)、三氧化鉬(MoO3)、鋁、乙
醯基丙酮酸鋰(Li(acac))、乙酸鋰、安息香酸鋰等。
作為陰極材料,可舉出如鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁-鋰合金、鋰、鈉、鉀、銫等。
作為形成電子阻擋層之材料,可舉出如參(苯基吡唑)銥等。
使用本發明之電荷輸送性清漆之PLED元件之製作方法並無特別限定,可舉出如以下之方法。
在上述有機EL元件製作中,取代實施電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作,而藉由依電洞輸送性高分子層、發光性高分子層之順序進行形成,即能製成具有由本發明之電荷輸送性清漆所形成之電荷輸送性薄膜之PLED元件。
具體而言,在陽極基板上塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性清漆且藉由上述方法製成電洞注入層,並於其上依電洞輸送性高分子層、發光性高分子層之順序進行形成,再蒸鍍陰極而作成PLED元件。
作為所使用之陰極及陽極材料,能使用與上述有機EL元件製作時相同者,且能進形同樣之洗淨處理、表面處理。
作為電洞輸送性高分子層及發光性高分子層之形成法,可舉出如將電洞輸送性高分子材料或發光性高分子材料、或對此等添加摻雜物質之材料加入溶劑使其溶解,或均勻分散,且塗佈於電洞注入層或電洞輸送性高分子層之上後,藉由分別燒成而成膜之方法。
作為電洞輸送性高分子材料,可舉出如聚[(9,9-二己基茀-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N’-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N’-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,1’-伸聯苯基-4,4-二胺)]、聚[(9,9-雙{1’-戊烯-5’-基}茀-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N’-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、以聚倍半矽氧烷封端之聚[N,N’-雙(4-丁基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺]、聚[(9,9-雙二辛基茀-2,7-二基)-co-(4,4’-(N-(p-丁基苯基))二苯基胺)]等。
作為發光性高分子材料,可舉出如聚(9,9-二烷基茀)(PDAF)等之聚茀衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2’-乙基己氧基)-1,4-伸苯基伸乙烯)(MEH-PPV)等之聚伸苯基伸乙烯基衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT)等之聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯咔唑(PVCz)等。
作為溶劑,可舉出如甲苯、茬、氯仿等,作為溶解或均勻分散法,可舉出如攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等之方法。
塗佈方法並非係受到特別限定者,可舉出如噴墨法、噴霧法、浸漬法、旋轉塗佈法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈法等。尚且,塗佈係在氮、氬等之惰性氣體下進行為佳。
作為燒成之方法,可舉出如在惰性氣體下或真空中,以烤箱或加熱板進行加熱之方法。
以下,例舉合成例及實施例,更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並非係受到下述實施例所限定者。尚且,使用之裝置係如以下所示。
(1)1H-NMR:日本電子(股)製、ECX-300
(2)LC/MS:Waters公司製、ZQ2000
(3)基板洗淨:長州產業(股)製基板洗淨裝置(減壓電漿方式)
(4)清漆之塗佈:三笠(股)製Spincoater MS-A100
(5)膜厚測量:(股)小坂研究所製 微細形狀測量機Surcoder ET-4000
(6)EL元件之製作:長州產業(股)製多機能蒸鍍裝置系統C-E2L1G1-N
(7)EL元件之亮度等之測量:(有)Tech World製I-V-L測量系統
對4-溴-4’-碘聯苯基(8.98g、25mmol、東京化成工業(股)製)、苯胺(2.56g、27.5mmol)之甲苯
懸濁液(90mL)添加Pd(PPh3)4(1.44g、1.25mmol)、t-BuONa(2.88g、30mmol),氮取代後,加熱迴流10小時。反應結束後,放置冷卻至室溫,以矽藻土過濾。將濃縮過濾液而得之粗生成物以矽膠管柱層析法(析出液:甲苯)進行純化後,將包含化合物1之餾分予以濃縮。對取得之粗生成物添加乙醇/甲苯(3:1(w/w))之混合溶劑,加熱迴流下使其溶解。冷卻至室溫後,過濾析出之固體而取得淡茶色固體之化合物1(6.96g、收率86%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果係如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 5.79(brs,1H),6.97(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.10-7.13(m,4H),7.25-7.32(m,2H),7.41-7.55(m,6H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;324[M+1]+
對9,9-雙(4-胺基苯基)茀(1g、2.87mmol、東京化成工業(股)製)、合成例1中取得之化合物1(1.95g、6.0mmol)之茬懸濁液(10mL)添加
Pd(PPh3)4(166mg、0.14mmol)、t-BuONa(0.66g、6.89mmol),氮取代後,加熱迴流4小時。其後,添加合成例1中取得之化合物1(0.37g、1.1mmol)、t-BuONa(0.11g、1.21mmol),再加熱迴流6小時。反應結束後,放置冷卻至室溫,加入氯仿(40mL)、水(40mL),在室溫下攪拌30分鐘。藉由過濾收集不溶之固體,並使其溶解於THF後,以矽藻土進行過濾。將濃縮過濾液而得之粗生成物以矽膠管柱層析法(析出液:己烷/乙酸乙酯(1/1(v/v)))進行純化後,將包含芳基胺衍生物H1之餾分予以濃縮。使用乙醇洗淨取得之粗生成物,而取得淡灰色固體之芳基胺衍生物H1(1.15g、收率48%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果係如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,THF-d8):δ 6.77(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),7.04-7.33(m,28H),7.39-7.45(m,10H),7.78(d,J=6.9Hz,2H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;835[M+1]+
使用1,1-雙(4-胺基苯基)環己烷(0.8g、3mmol、東京化成工業(股)製)、合成例1中取得之化合物1(2.14g、6.6mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(173mg、0.15mmol)、t-BuONa(0.72g、7.5mmol)、茬(8mL),與合成例2進行相同之操作順序,而取得淡灰色固體之芳基胺衍生物H2(1.26g、收率56%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果係如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,THF-d8):δ 1.46-1.64(m,6H),2.21-2.23(m,4H),6.77(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.02-7.32(m,28H),7.40-7.44(m,8H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;753[M+1]+
使用4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷(0.6g、3mmol、東京化成工業(股)製)、合成例1中取得之化合物1(2.14g、6.6mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(173mg、0.15mmol)、t-BuONa(0.72g、7.5mmol)、茬(6mL),與合成例2進行相同之操作順序而取得淡灰色固體之芳基胺衍生物H3(1.45g、收率71%)。1H-NMR及LC/MS之測量結果係如以下所示。
1H-NMR(300MHz,THF-d8):δ 3.82(s,2H),6.77(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.00-7.20(m,24H),7.26(brs,2H),7.32(brs,2H),7.40-7.44(m,8H)。
LC/MS(ESI+)m/z;685[M+1]+
對芳基胺衍生物H1 0.113g(0.135mmol)及下述式所示之摻質物質D1 0.091g(0.101mmol)之混合物,添加在氮環境下為良溶劑之1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮7.2g使其溶解。對此溶液添加環己醇1.4g及丙二醇1.4g,充分
進行攪拌而取得黃色透明溶液。使用孔徑0.2μm之PTFE製過濾器過濾取得之溶液,而取得黃色透明之電荷輸送性清漆(固形分濃度2.0質量%)。
尚且,摻質物質D1係根據國際公開第2006/025342號之記載內容所合成者。
除了使用芳基胺衍生物H1 0.098g(0.117mmol)及摻質物質D1 0.106g(0.117mmol)之混合物以外,其他與實施例1-1同樣地操作而取得黃色透明之電荷輸送性清漆(固形分濃度2.0質量%)。
除了使用芳基胺衍生物H1 0.062g(0.074mmol)及磷鎢酸(關東化學(股)製)0.247g之混合物以外,其他係與實施例1-1同樣地操作而取得黃色透明之電荷輸送性清漆(固形分濃度3.0質量%)。
除了使用芳基胺衍生物H2 0.062g(0.082mmol)及磷鎢酸0.247g之混合物以外,其他係與實施例1-1同樣地操作而取得黃色透明之電荷輸送性清漆(固形分濃度3.0質量%)。
除了使用芳基胺衍生物H3 0.062g(0.090mmol)及磷鎢酸0.247g之混合物以外,其他係與實施例1-1同樣地操作而取得黃色透明之電荷輸送性清漆(固形分濃度3.0質量%)。
評價電特性時之基板係使用在表面上銦錫氧化物經圖型化成膜厚150nm,且25mm×25mm×0.7t之玻璃基板(以下略稱為ITO基板)。ITO基板係使用O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W、30秒鐘)去除表面上之雜質後才使用。
使用旋轉塗佈器將實施例1-1中取得之清漆塗佈於ITO基板後,在80℃下乾燥1分鐘,並且在大氣環境下,以230℃燒成15分鐘而在ITO基板上形成30nm之均勻薄膜。
對已形成薄膜之ITO基板,使用蒸鍍裝置將α-NPD、Alq3、氟化鋰、及鋁之薄膜依此順序層合而取得有
機EL元件。膜厚係分別作成30nm、40nm、0.5nm及100nm,真空度1.0×10-5Pa,蒸鍍速率係在氟化鋰時為0.02nm/秒,而以外之材料為0.2nm/秒之條件下進行蒸鍍。
尚且,為了防止空氣中之氧、水等之影響所造成之特性劣化,有機EL元件係藉由密封基板密封後,才評價其特性。密封係依照以下操作順序進行。
在氧濃度5ppm以下、露點-80℃以下之氮環境中,將有機EL元件收納於密封基板之間,藉由接著劑貼合密封基板。此時,將捕水劑(Dynic(股)製、HD-071010W-40)與有機EL元件一同地收納至密封基板內。接著劑係使用(股)MORESCO製、Moresco Moisture cut WB90US(P)。對已貼合之密封基板照射UV光(波長365nm、照射量6,000mJ/cm2)後,在80℃下退火處理1小時而使接著劑硬化。
除了使用實施例1-2~1-5中取得之清漆以外,其他係與實施例2-1相同之方法製成有機EL元件。
使用電流-電壓-亮度測量系統測量實施例2-1~2-5中取得之有機EL元件之電特性。將驅動電壓5V下之電流密度及亮度記載於表1。尚且,各元件之發光面尺寸之面積為2mm×2mm。
如表1所示,可得知實施例2-1~2-5中製成之有機EL元件在實用性電壓之範圍內可充分地發光。
從以上可得知,藉由將使用本發明之電荷輸送性物質之薄膜利用作為電洞注入層,即能取得亮度特性優異之有機EL元件。
Claims (9)
- 一種電荷輸送性清漆,其係包含式(1)所表示之芳基胺衍生物、有機溶劑,及摻質物質;[式中,R1~R8係互相獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、或可經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基或碳數1~20之烷氧基,Ar1表示可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,n表示1~3之整數,X表示式(2a)或(2b)所表示之2價有機基,(式中,R9及R10係互相獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基、可經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,或R9與R10結合形成碳數3~21之亦可縮環之環式烴基,R11及R12係互相獨立表示氫原子或氟原子,R13~R20係互相獨立表示氫原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基、或Z3,m表示1~4之整數)Z1表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、羧酸基、或可經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、羧酸基,或可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基,Z3表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、巰基、磺酸基、或羧酸基]。
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性清漆,其中前述X為一種選自式(3a)~(3h)所表示之2價有機基;
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性清漆,其中前述X為一種選自式(3a’)~(3h’)所表示之2價有機基;
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性清漆,其中前述n為1。
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性清漆,其中前述m為1。
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性清漆,其中前述摻質物質包含雜多酸。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如請求項1~6中任一項之電荷輸送性清漆所製作者。
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其係具有如請求項7之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵為將如請求項1~6中任一項之電荷輸送性清漆塗佈於基材上並使溶劑蒸發。
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