TWI654035B - 用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置及用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法 - Google Patents

用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置及用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法

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TWI654035B
TWI654035B TW106122737A TW106122737A TWI654035B TW I654035 B TWI654035 B TW I654035B TW 106122737 A TW106122737 A TW 106122737A TW 106122737 A TW106122737 A TW 106122737A TW I654035 B TWI654035 B TW I654035B
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wafer
base
semiconductor wafer
pins
epitaxial layer
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派翠克 摩斯
哈納斯 賀卻特
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世創電子材料公司
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    • H01L21/687Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
    • H01L21/68714Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches the wafers being placed on a susceptor, stage or support
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Abstract

一種用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置及一種用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法。該裝置包括:一基座;延伸穿過該基座的縱向孔;一晶圓提升軸;晶圓提升銷,該等晶圓提升銷被引導通過該等縱向孔;一基座承載軸;基座承載臂;基座支撐銷;引導套筒,該等引導套筒被錨固在該等基座承載臂中;以及引導元件,該等引導元件從該引導套筒突出,且在上端處具有插入該等晶圓提升銷的擴孔,以及該等引導元件可經由該晶圓提升軸而與該等晶圓提升銷一起被升高及降低。

Description

用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置及用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法
本發明係關於一種用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置。本發明更關於一種用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法,在該方法中使用該裝置。
磊晶層在半導體晶圓上的沉積在傳統上係經由在通常在單晶圓反應器中的磊晶反應器中的CVD(化學氣相沉積)進行。
US 2014/0 251 208 A1及US 2010/0 086 784 A1包含這種磊晶反應器的細節的描述。處理半導體晶圓的一個主要部分包括在沉積磊晶層之前將半導體晶圓放置在基座(susceptor)上,以及在沉積磊晶層之後,從基座提升具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓。因此,除了基座之外,所使用的裝置還包括晶圓提升軸(wafer lifting shaft)與晶圓提升銷(wafer lifting pin)、基座承載軸(susceptor carrying shaft)、基座承載臂(susceptor carrying arm)及基座支撐銷(susceptor support pin)。
晶圓提升軸在上端處具有交叉構件(cross-member),其橫向地向上延伸並在晶圓提升銷下方結束。在晶圓提升軸的降低及升高期間,晶圓提升銷與半導體晶圓,或者可能放置在銷上的相應地具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓也被降低及升高。在這種情況下,晶圓提升銷係透過位於基座承載軸的基座承載臂中的孔以及透過基座中的貫通擴孔(through-bore)而裝配。所述裝置具有缺點在於其使用容易產生顆粒,且顆粒係污染面向基座的半導體晶圓的後側(rear side)。顆粒係由於晶圓提升銷與基座承載臂中孔的內表面及基座中貫通擴孔之間的摩擦而被形成為磨損材料。摩擦也特別是由於該裝置必須保持能夠在大溫度範圍內起作用的情事,且需要考慮在高溫下的熱膨脹。晶圓提升銷也容易從垂直位置傾斜。在這種情況下,形成另外的顆粒。
這個問題引出了本發明的目的。
本發明的目的是藉由一種用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置來實現的,包括: 一基座; 延伸穿過該基座的縱向孔(longitudinal hole); 一晶圓提升軸; 晶圓提升銷,該等晶圓提升銷被引導通過該等縱向孔; 一基座承載軸; 基座承載臂; 基座支撐銷; 引導套筒(guide sleeve),該等引導套筒被錨固(anchored)在該等基座承載臂中;以及 引導元件,該等引導元件從引導套筒突出,且在上端處具有插入該等晶圓提升銷的擴孔,以及該等引導元件可經由該晶圓提升軸而與該等晶圓提升銷一起被升高及降低。
該目的還藉由一種用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法來實現,包括: 在一磊晶反應器中提供根據本發明的裝置; 將一半導體晶圓放置在該等晶圓提升銷上; 藉由降低該等晶圓提升銷而將該半導體晶圓放置在該基座上; 將磊晶層沉積在該半導體晶圓上; 藉由升高該等晶圓提升銷,從該基座升高具有磊晶層的所得半導體晶圓;以及 從該磊晶反應器移除該具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓。
所提裝置的使用係抑制了在將半導體晶圓降低到基座上以及將具有磊晶層的該半導體晶圓從該基座升高的過程中顆粒的形成,且特別避免了半導體晶圓的後側或具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的後側被顆粒污染。此外,由於其構造,例如該裝置的偏心度(eccentricity),徑向遊隙(radial play)與垂直遊隙等特性被最小化。
特別地,該裝置係被配置成以下方式:晶圓提升銷在透過基座中的縱向孔被線性地引導的同時被移動。無論主要的操作溫度如何,都會抑制歸因於摩擦的顆粒形成。
至少三個基座承載臂係較佳由一單件的元件形成,其被固定在基座承載軸的上端上。特別佳是由石英製成的星形元件,其被旋擰(screwed)到基座承載軸上。然而,星形元件也可以是多個部件並且包括由石英製成的支柱(strut),該等被安裝(例如旋擰)到基座承載軸上。
引導套筒係被錨固(較佳為旋擰)在基座承載臂中,使得當需要時引導套筒可以被容易地更換。引導套筒較佳具有磨削內表面(ground inner face),並且較佳由石英組成。內表面的平均粗糙度Ra較佳為不超過0.4微米。引導套筒與引導套筒中的引導元件(在兩端處從引導套筒突出)係分別形成線性滑動軸承(linear sliding bearing),這確保了晶圓提升銷的線性引導運動。桿狀引導元件係由與引導套筒相同的材料構成,並且其外表面的平均粗糙度Ra較佳同樣不超過0.4微米。因此,引導套筒與引導元件之間幾乎沒有摩擦發生,所以同樣幾乎不會形成任何顆粒,且如果僅在距基座及位於其上的半導體晶圓足夠距離的位置處,則使得始於顆粒的半導體晶圓後側的污染係被排除。特別地,引導套筒與引導元件及縱向孔的佈置係在晶圓提升銷升高與降低期間防止了在半導體晶圓的緊鄰附近產生顆粒。此外,晶圓提升銷從垂直位置的意外傾斜同樣是不可能的。
較佳具有T形橫截面的上端的晶圓提升銷係被插入引導元件的擴孔中,引導元件在上端處具有擴孔。較佳地,晶圓提升銷及引導元件的擴孔係被定尺寸成以下方式:當晶圓提升銷在室溫下被插入到引導元件的擴孔中時,晶圓提升銷係被居中(centred)。根據較佳的結構,晶圓提升銷係由與引導元件具有不同熱膨脹的不同材料所製成,較佳為碳化矽。在這種情況下,晶圓提升銷及引導元件的製造公差被進一步定尺寸成以下方式:在沉積磊晶層期間設置的溫度下,晶圓提升銷係被以夾緊方式連接到引導元件。較佳地,在大於900℃的溫度下獲得夾緊連接(clamping connection)。由於夾緊連接,晶圓提升銷沒有徑向遊隙,這有助於抑制顆粒的形成。
該配置還確保了至少在從室溫延伸到沉積溫度的溫度範圍內晶圓提升銷及基座中的縱向孔總是保持對準齊平。此外,這確保了晶圓提升銷的T形端部可以同步地被放置在基座上並從基座升起。
為了移動晶圓提升銷,晶圓提升軸以及支承在晶圓提升軸的交叉構件的外端上的引導元件係被升高或降低。
此外,直立元件(upright element)係被高度可調地、較佳以旋擰方式、固定到基座承載臂的外端。直立元件的上端具有軸向擴孔,基座支撐銷被插入軸向擴孔中,基座支撐銷的頭部較佳是圓球形的。在基座的後側上,存在有具有伸長基部表面(elongate base surface)的盲孔,用於接收基座支撐銷的圓球形頭部。盲孔的長度及寬度係在盲孔的開口方向上增加。較佳地,盲孔係形成一基部,其具有用於基座支撐銷的棱柱形輪廓(prismatic contour)。該構造允許基座的低摩擦徑向移動,特別是由基座材料的熱膨脹所引發的自定中心運動(self-centering movement)。
基座較佳具有板狀橫截面,並且包括一經配置為凸緣(ledge)的環形軸承表面以及一基座底部。半導體晶圓係支承在邊緣部位中,其後側在環形軸承表面上,並且在距基座底部很短距離處。基座可以被配置成單件的或者由環及平坦的基座底部形成,在這種情況下,該環支承在平坦的基座底部。縱向孔及盲孔係佈置在基座底部中。
所指與根據本發明的方法的上述實施態樣相關的特徵可以相應地應用於根據本發明的裝置。相反,所指與根據本發明的裝置的上述實施態樣相關的特徵可以相應地應用於根據本發明的方法。將在附圖說明及申請專利範圍中解釋根據本發明實施態樣的該等及其它特徵。各個特徵可以單獨地或以組合形式實施為本發明的實施態樣。此外,該等特徵可描述可獨立保護的有利實施態樣。
根據本發明的示範實施態樣的詳細說明
根據第1圖的裝置包括一基座承載軸4及一晶圓提升軸2。將彼此相距相等距離的基座承載臂5結合以形成一單件的星形元件,其被旋擰到基座承載軸4的上端。晶圓提升軸2包括徑向向上突出的交叉構件,其端部設置有用於支撐引導元件8的平臺。引導元件8係透過引導套筒7裝配,引導套筒7被錨固在基座承載臂5中。引導元件8的上端具有擴孔,晶圓提升銷3係被插入擴孔中。晶圓提升銷3係延伸穿過基座1中的縱向孔11。在後側上,基座1具有帶有伸長基底表面的盲孔12,並支承在基座支撐銷6的圓球形頭部10上。基座支撐銷6係插入到直立元件9的上端處的軸向擴孔中。直立元件9係在基座支撐臂5的外端處被高度可調地固定在基座支撐臂5上。
第2圖顯示了引導元件8的上端的放大示意圖,引導元件8的上端設置有擴孔,並且晶圓提升銷3的下端插入擴孔中。該區域在第1圖中用圓圈與字母A標注。
第3圖顯示了錨固在基座承載臂5中的引導套筒7以及引導元件8的一部分的放大示意圖,引導元件8的一部分係透過引導套筒7裝配並且在下端處被支撐在晶圓提升軸2的交叉構件的平臺上。該區域在第1圖中用圓圈與字母B標注。
第4圖顯示了基座支撐銷6的上端及基座支撐銷6的圓球形頭部10的放大示意圖,圓球形頭部10突出到基座1的後側上的盲孔12中。該區域在第1圖中用圓圈與字母C標注。
藉由示例的方式來理解示例性實施態樣的上述描述。因此,本說明書一方面使得本領域技藝人士理解本發明及其相關優點,另一方面包含對所述結構及方法的改變與修改,對所述結構及方法的改變與修改在本領域技藝人士的理解範圍內也是顯而易見的。因此,所有這種改變與修改以及等同物都旨在由申請專利範圍的保護範圍所涵蓋。
1‧‧‧基座
2‧‧‧晶圓提升軸
3‧‧‧晶圓提升銷
4‧‧‧基座承載軸
5‧‧‧基座承載臂
6‧‧‧基座支撐銷
7‧‧‧引導套筒
8‧‧‧引導元件
9‧‧‧直立元件
10‧‧‧圓球形頭部
11‧‧‧縱向孔
12‧‧‧盲孔
1 是具有根據本發明的特徵的裝置的截面圖。 2 圖、第 3 4 以放大的示意圖示出根據第1圖的裝置的各個特徵。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種用於在磊晶反應器中處理半導體晶圓的裝置,包括:一基座(susceptor);延伸穿過該基座的縱向孔(longitudinal hole);一晶圓提升軸(wafer lifting shaft);晶圓提升銷(wafer lifting pin),該等晶圓提升銷被引導通過該等縱向孔;一基座承載軸(susceptor carrying shaft);基座承載臂(susceptor carrying arm),該等基座承載臂具有外端;直立元件,該等直立元件係被高度可調地(height-adjustably)連接到該等基座承載臂的外端處,並且具有上端,該等上端具有軸向擴孔;基座支撐銷(susceptor support pin),該等基座支撐銷係被插入該等上端的軸向擴孔中;引導套筒(guide sleeve),該等引導套筒被錨固(anchored)在該等基座承載臂中;以及引導元件,該等引導元件從該等引導套筒突出,且在上端處具有插入該等晶圓提升銷的擴孔(bore),以及該等引導元件可經由該晶圓提升軸而與該等晶圓提升銷一起被升高及降低。
  2. 如請求項1所述的裝置,其中,該等基座承載臂係形成一單件的星形元件,其被旋擰(screwed)至該基座承載軸的上端上。
  3. 如請求項1或請求項2所述的裝置,其中,該等引導元件及該等晶圓提升銷係具有不同的熱膨脹,且被製造成有公差,公差被定尺寸成在大於900℃的溫度下有夾緊連接(clamping connection)形成在該等引導元件與該等晶圓提升銷之間。
  4. 如請求項1或請求項2所述的裝置,其中,該等基座支撐銷係具有圓球形頭部。
  5. 如請求項4所述的裝置,包括在該基座的後側上的伸長盲孔(elongate blind hole),用於接收該等基座支撐銷的圓球形頭部,該等盲孔的長度及寬度係在該等盲孔的開口方向上增加。
  6. 如請求項3所述的裝置,其中,該等基座支撐銷係具有圓球形頭部。
  7. 如請求項6所述的裝置,包括在該基座的後側上的伸長盲孔,用於接收該等基座支撐銷的圓球形頭部,該等盲孔的長度及寬度係在該等盲孔的開口方向上增加。
  8. 一種用於生產具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓的方法,包括:在一磊晶反應器中提供如請求項1至7中任一項所述的裝置;將一半導體晶圓放置在該等晶圓提升銷上;藉由降低該等晶圓提升銷而將該半導體晶圓放置在該基座上;將磊晶層沉積在該半導體晶圓上;藉由升高該等晶圓提升銷,從該基座升高具有磊晶層的所得半導體晶圓;以及從該磊晶反應器移除該具有磊晶層的半導體晶圓。
  9. 如請求項8所述的方法,包括在單晶矽的半導體晶圓上沉積矽的磊晶層。
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