TWI622265B - 太陽熱光混合型模組與其製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽熱光混合型模組與其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明將可同時實現利用太陽光進行發電、與利用太陽熱使通過上述樹脂製管道內之液體溫度上升的太陽熱光混合型模組設為如下構成:於太陽光之受光面側及受光面相反側設置有玻璃,且具備溫水製造部與發電部。發電部於發電元件之至少一面側配置有烯烴系橡膠密封材(A),且於其相反面側配置有調配有碳黑之烯烴系橡膠片材(B)。又,溫水製造部設為如下構成:成為水路之樹脂管為交聯聚乙烯或聚丁烯,利用烯烴系橡膠片材(B)夾入該樹脂管,且於樹脂管之側部、及上述樹脂管與樹脂管之間隙配置有上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)。
Description
本發明是關於一種同時實現利用太陽光之發電與利用太陽熱之溫水供給的混合型太陽電池模組。
太陽光發電作為利用自然能源之有效之發電系統而得以廣泛滲透。但是,為了實施太陽光發電,需要較大之受光面,因此正研究為了進一步有效利用該較大之面積,而對太陽光發電設置附加價值。作為此種附加價值之一,提出有對太陽光發電系統附加溫水供給系統(參照專利文獻1及2)。
圖6是專利文獻1所示之先前之太陽能系統之安裝剖視圖。此處,專利文獻1所記載之太陽能系統是自排列於屋頂R等之上之太陽光面板100中選擇一部分面板,僅於其下側設置具有集熱管120或隔熱材130之太陽能溫水面板110者,產生可將太陽能溫水面板110佈置於最佳位置之效果。但是,由於太陽光面板100與太陽能溫水面板110是分別地製造,故而無法直接使用現有之太陽光面板100之框架150。即,由於需另外設置太陽能溫水面板110之底座160,故而面板之設置作業繁雜。
圖7是專利文獻2所示之一體形成之太陽光熱電溫水面
板之組裝圖。於專利文獻2所記載之太陽光熱發電溫水面板中,由於將太陽光面板100與集熱管120及隔熱材130設為一體之構造,故而產生可於先前之框架設置具有兩種功能之面板之效果。
但是,對集熱管120要求較高之耐水壓性能或長期之耐久性,但專利文獻2中對此幾乎未進行研究,又,若未對蓄熱性或面板整體之強度等進行充分研究,則難以貫穿全年供給充分之溫水。
進而,先前之混合型面板是於太陽電池之面板之背側部分將熱吸收片材與銅管加以組合,藉由「熱傳導」而製造溫水之結構。先前之方法為了抑制自經銅管加溫之溫水之散熱,而成為利用隔熱材包入銅管、太陽電池模組之構造。然而,存在藉由隔熱材之保溫效果,混合型模組之溫度因太陽光而達到100℃附近之情況。又,即便通水,製品溫度亦高於通常之面板,導致發電性能降低與製品壽命降低。
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2013-2709號公報
[專利文獻2]日本專利特開2000-241030號公報
鑒於此種實際情況,本發明之目的在於提供一種太陽熱光混合型模組,其使太陽光面板與供液體通過之樹脂製管道一體地結
合,輕量且低價,進而,耐受長期之使用,又,可貫穿全年高效率地供給溫水。
用以達成上述目的之第1發明之太陽熱光混合型模組具有以下特徵。
其是於太陽電池模組之正面側與背面側設置有玻璃之太陽電池模組,並且具備溫水製造部與發電部,於上述發電部之發電元件之至少一面側配置有烯烴系橡膠密封材(A),於上述發電元件之相反面側配置有調配有碳黑之烯烴系橡膠片材(B),成為上述溫水製造部之水路之樹脂管為交聯聚乙烯或聚丁烯,利用上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)夾入上述樹脂管,並且於上述樹脂管之側部、及上述樹脂管與樹脂管之間隙配置有上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)。
第1發明之混合型太陽電池模組於其發電部之發電元件之正面側配置有烯烴系橡膠密封材(A),於發電元件之相反面側配置有烯烴系橡膠片材(B)。於烯烴系橡膠片材(B)中調配有碳黑。藉由此種構成,而將太陽光之熱能有效地傳遞至樹脂管內之水等,一面進行發電一面以高效率製造溫水。以下,對其作用進行說明。
於雙面玻璃構造之太陽電池模組中,太陽光之波長為380nm~2500nm,太陽光透過玻璃。本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組內之烯烴系橡膠片材(B)含有碳黑。該烯烴系橡膠之輻射率為95%以上,高效率地吸收穿透至模組內之電磁波並進行發熱。該發熱體(橡膠)藉由再次放射而以大致100%放射電磁波。放射波長大於所吸收之波長的電磁波。波長大於2500nm之電磁波被封入太陽電池模組之玻璃內,而自近紅外線長波長化為遠紅外線(3μm至5μm)。又,被玻璃面反射而被封入。藉此,雙面玻璃構造內部之橡膠構件、樹脂管、樹脂管內之水高效率地吸收電磁波,藉由輻射而使包入至調配碳黑之烯烴系橡膠片材(熱吸收體)的樹脂管內之水等引起良好之熱移動。
於本發明中,烯烴系橡膠片材(B)亦配置於樹脂管之間隙。因此,藉由烯烴系橡膠片材(B)內之碳黑之該功能,而藉由利用輻射之熱傳遞機構使水分子亦發熱,藉此實現高效率。
又,第1發明之太陽熱光混合型模組於正面側(主受光側)與背面側配置有玻璃。藉此,具有封入透射至太陽電池模組內之太陽光(電磁波)的效果,有助於高效率地製造溫水。
進而,第1發明之太陽熱光混合型模組使用聚乙烯管作為樹脂管,具有使遠紅外光透過之性質,可於樹脂管內對於水等液體一面耐受水壓一面有效地傳遞太陽光之能量,從而有效利用太陽光之能量。
藉由以上之第1發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之構成,實
現了本發明之混合型太陽電池模組之95%綜合太陽能轉換效率。
又,於第1發明中,使用交聯聚乙烯管作為樹脂管。由於在製造本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組時進行加壓壓製,因此亦存在將樹脂管壓扁為扁平狀之情況,但於利用連接構件將太陽電池模組彼此連接時,若對自太陽熱光混合型模組露出之樹脂管之部分進行加熱,則可使樹脂管恢復原本之形狀而順利地進行連接。於本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之使用過程中,完全不存在自連接部漏水等問題。又,常有於成形後管內部成為負壓而管塌陷之情況,但交聯聚乙烯管及聚丁烯管由於是與烯烴橡膠化學結合,故而不存在管之閉塞。
第2發明之太陽熱光混合型模組於第1發明中具有以下特徵。
上述烯烴系橡膠密封材(A)之厚度為250μm以上且500μm以下。
於第2發明中,於太陽熱光混合型模組之發電元件之正面側,於太陽電池面板與橡膠原材料層之間配置有烯烴系橡膠密封材(A)。其厚度為250μm以上且500μm以下。若厚度未達250μm,則有太陽電池模組內之發電元件(太陽電池單元)破裂之虞。若厚度超過500μm,則有透明度變差而太陽光之透過量減少,太陽電池模組之發電性能降低及溫水製造之效率降低之虞。
第3發明之太陽熱光混合型模組於第1發明中具有以下特徵。
上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)是使用乙炔黑、科琴黑及奈米碳管中之單獨一種、或摻合2種,相對於烯烴橡膠片材100重量份而添加20重量份至100重量份。
若使用第3發明之混合型太陽電池模組,則太陽電池模組內所使用之烯烴系橡膠片材(B)為乙炔黑、科琴黑及奈米碳管中之單獨一種或摻合2種而成者。因此,具有高熱傳導性,又,具有將近紅外光轉換為遠紅外光之功能,因此可大幅度提昇太陽光之能量利用效率。
第4發明之太陽熱光混合型模組於第1發明中具有以下特徵。
上述玻璃之厚度為0.8mm以上且4.0mm以下。
於第4發明中,太陽熱光混合型模組所使用之正面側與背面側之玻璃之厚度為0.8mm以上且4.0mm以下。較佳為2.0mm以上且3.2mm以下。若厚度未達0.8mm,則有於製造太陽電池模組時玻璃破裂之虞。若厚度超過4.0mm,則有太陽熱光混合型模組之重量過大之虞。
第5發明之太陽熱光混合型模組於第1發明中具有以下特徵。
上述雙面玻璃構造之太陽電池模組之厚度為10mm以上且40mm以下。
於第5發明中,本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之厚度設為10mm以上且40mm以下。若厚度未達10mm,則有無法充分
發揮出本發明之太陽熱光混合型太陽電池之溫水製造之功能之虞。若厚度超過40mm,則有重量過大而設置作業性顯著降低之虞。
第6發明之太陽熱光混合型模組於第1發明中具有以下特徵。
上述樹脂管之長度為20m以上且100m以下。
於第6發明中,將太陽電池模組內之樹脂管之長度設為20m以上且100m以下,較佳為30m以上且60m以下。若樹脂管之長度超過100m,則捲繞步驟之作業性降低,又,與其對應之太陽電池面板會變得過大,因此實際上不會製作如此大之太陽電池面板。另一方面,若樹脂管之長度低於20m,則集熱性能降低,有無法獲得目標溫水之虞,進而,模組之重量變重,設置作業性顯著降低,因此欠佳。
用以達成上述目的之第7發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之製造方法具有以下特徵。
藉由將第1發明至第6發明所記載之太陽熱光混合型模組之發電部、烯烴系橡膠片材(B)及溫水製造部同時層疊,同時於真空加熱下進行加壓成形而進行製造。
根據第7發明,將太陽熱光混合型模組之包含烯烴系密封材(A)之發電部之構件與烯烴系橡膠片材(B)、溫水製造部之構件同時層疊(積層),投入至層壓裝置中,於真空加熱下進行加壓壓製,藉此可製造本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組。根據本發明之製
造方法,可藉由作為太陽電池之製造裝置之層壓裝置而製造太陽熱光混合型模組,從而可大幅度提昇其製造效率。
10‧‧‧混合型太陽電池模組
10(1)、10(2)、10(3)、10(4)‧‧‧太陽電池模組
20‧‧‧太陽光面板
21‧‧‧太陽電池單元
22‧‧‧正面玻璃
23、23a、23b‧‧‧密封材
24‧‧‧背片材
30‧‧‧管道內部
31‧‧‧樹脂製管道
32‧‧‧流入口
33‧‧‧流出口
34‧‧‧連接用管道
35‧‧‧連接部
50‧‧‧橡膠原材料、烯烴系橡膠片材(熱吸收材)
51‧‧‧背面玻璃
100‧‧‧太陽光面板
110‧‧‧太陽能溫水面板
120‧‧‧集熱管
130‧‧‧隔熱材
150‧‧‧框架
160‧‧‧底座
R‧‧‧屋頂
圖1是本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之立體圖。
圖2是本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之剖視圖。
圖3是本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之樹脂製管道之配置之說明圖。
圖4是本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之連接方法之說明圖。
圖5是本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之太陽電池單元之配設狀態之說明圖。
圖6是先前之太陽能系統之安裝剖視圖。
圖7是先前之一體形成之太陽光熱電溫水面板之組裝圖。
以下,對於本發明之實施形態,一面參照隨附圖式一面進行說明。再者,於以下之說明中,下文將本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組簡稱為「太陽電池模組」。
圖1是本發明之太陽電池模組之立體圖,圖2是本發明之太陽電池模組剖視圖。又,圖3是本發明之太陽電池模組之與包含直線MN之太陽電池模組10平行之平面之俯視圖,且是本發明之太陽電池模組之樹脂製管道之配置之說明圖。該太陽電池模組10具備:太陽光面板20(發電部),其具備作為發電元件之太陽
電池單元21;及溫水製造部,其於該太陽光面板20之背側包含樹脂製管道31;該太陽電池模組10是利用橡膠原材料50將該等太陽光面板20與溫水製造部接著而一體地結合而成者。而且,該太陽電池模組10之目的在於:使水或防凍液等液體流入該樹脂製管道31,利用太陽光面板20所擷取之太陽熱,使流入至樹脂製管道內部30之液體之溫度上升。作為液體之種類,若換為矽酮管或氟管,則亦考慮油等,通常於水之情形時是供給溫水,因此不僅可利用於浴池設施之類的大量需要溫水之設施,亦可利用於一般家庭。於使用防凍液之情形時是利用熱交換機,使上水道系統之水成為溫水。於未滿足所希望之溫度之情形時,可藉由利用鍋爐再次加熱之系統,而快速且經濟地製造溫水。又,由於本發明之太陽電池模組所受到之受熱是迅速地傳遞至樹脂製管道31,因此亦表現出抑制作為發電部分之太陽電池單元21之溫度上升,而提昇混合型太陽電池之發電效率的效果。
該混合型太陽電池模組10成為如下構成:於受光面側具備太陽光面板20之正面玻璃22,於背面側具備背面玻璃51,且樹脂製管道31是利用橡膠原材料50進行內包。作為橡膠原材料50,使用烯烴系橡膠片材(B)。可使烯烴系橡膠片材(B)含有具有接著功能之原材料,於下述層壓加工中藉由所受到之熱而將樹脂製管道31與橡膠原材料50一體地接著。再者,就構造而言,樹脂製管道31之頂點部分是與太陽光面板20(發電部分)之背片材24及背面玻璃51接觸。由於樹脂製管道31與烯烴系橡膠片材(B)
接觸,因此使來自太陽光面板20側之太陽熱高效率地傳遞至樹脂製管道31內之水等。該烯烴系橡膠片材(B)發揮熱吸收材之作用。如此,藉由設為利用正面玻璃22與背面玻璃51進行內包之構成,可提高蓄熱效果,進而提高太陽熱光混合型模組10整體之強度。再者,太陽光面板20之正面玻璃22與太陽電池單元21及背片材24之接著及密封是使用密封材23(23a、23b)。使用烯烴系密封材(A)作為該密封材23(23a、23b)。又,亦可使用申請人於2014年2月25日以日本專利特願2014-34405提出申請之烯烴系密封材作為該密封材。
先前,作為此種吸收太陽熱之集熱管,一直使用銅製之集熱管。但是,於與太陽光面板20一體化之情形時,必須耐受長期之使用,且於銅製之情形時散熱較快,因此尤其於需要溫水之冬季無法充分蓄熱,難以實現供給溫水之效果。因此,於本發明中,採用具有耐蝕性優異且不易散熱之特徵的樹脂製管道31。作為樹脂製管道31之原材料,較佳為聚乙烯與聚丁烯。
再者,作為樹脂製管道31之耐水壓性能,於25℃下需為0.2MPa以上。其原因在於:若不具有此種程度之耐水壓性能,則有混合型太陽電池模組10向面外方向鼓出,而破壞混合型太陽電池模組10之虞。
又,如圖3所示,樹脂製管道31是相對於1片太陽熱光混合型模組10而配設為螺旋狀。1片太陽熱光混合型模組10所使用之上述樹脂製管道之長度是設為20m以上且100m以下。
於圖3中,將1根樹脂製管道31配設為螺旋狀,亦可為將2根或3根並排配設為螺旋狀之構成。進而,亦可如圖2般使樹脂製管道接觸而配置。藉由以此種形態配設樹脂製管道31,而可增加太陽熱向樹脂製管道31之吸熱量,從而可高效率地製造溫水。又,於圖3中,於本發明之太陽電池模組之面內設置有水等之流入口32與流出口33。亦可藉由對於其,於太陽電池模組之樹脂製管道31之流入口與流出口附近積層不與橡膠材(B)接著之鋁片材,於成形後去除該鋁片材,而與交聯橡膠材共同呈大致直角地導出樹脂製管道31,設為流入口32與流出口33。
圖4表示實際設置本發明之混合型太陽電池模組之狀態。以設置4片太陽電池模組10(1)、10(2)、10(3)、10(4)之情形進行說明。可將流入口32與流出口33如上述般呈大致直角地導出至背面玻璃51側。藉此,可如圖4般無間隙地鋪設本發明之太陽電池模組。利用連接用管道34將太陽電池模組10(1)之流入口32(1)與太陽電池模組10(2)之流出口33(2)連接。以下,同樣地利用連接用管道34將太陽電池模組10(2)與太陽電池模組10(3)、太陽電池模組10(3)與太陽電池模組10(4)連接。連接用管道34於各太陽電池模組之流入口32與流出口33處包含連接部35。以上,如圖4所示,各太陽電池模組之流入口32與流出口33相連接。因此,連接部之配管是配置於太陽電池模組之底部。變得可藉由先前之公知技術進行連接作業,設置作業亦容易。又,可無間隙地設置太陽電池模組,從而可實現省空間化。
又,於本發明中,藉由將交聯聚乙烯管用作太陽電池模組內所使用之樹脂管,而表現出以下之效果。即,由於在製造本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組時進行加壓壓製,故而會將樹脂管壓扁為扁平狀,但於利用連接構件將太陽電池模組彼此連接時,若對自太陽熱光混合型模組露出之樹脂管之部分進行加熱,則樹脂管會恢復原本之形狀而可順利地進行連接。於本發明之太陽熱光混合型模組之使用過程中,完全不存在自連接部漏水等問題。
以下,對本發明之太陽電池模組之製造方法進行簡單說明。本發明之太陽電池模組10可利用層壓裝置於真空環境下進行加壓壓製而製造。將太陽光面板20(發電部)之構成構件(正面玻璃22、密封材23a、太陽電池單元21、密封材23b、背片材24)、烯烴系橡膠片材(熱吸收材)50、樹脂製管道31、烯烴系橡膠片材(熱吸收材)50、及背面玻璃51進行積層配置,並藉由層壓裝置之抽真空步驟及加壓步驟而製造。因此,於加壓步驟中,若樹脂製管道31之佔有面積變少,則有被壓扁之虞。因此,樹脂製管道31需有特定之面積(長度)。
[實施例1]
使用日清紡精密機器(Nisshinbo Mechatronics Inc.)股份有限公司製造之PVL-1537,於真空時間(10分鐘)、壓製溫度160℃、壓製時間25分鐘之成型條件下,以原材料(1)至原材料(8)之順序進行層疊,以通常之本技術領域具通常知識者所進行之太陽電池
模組之生產順序進行成型。再者,為了減少壓扁,樹脂管是使用高度19mm之鋁模具進行壓製。電極是自正面玻璃與背面玻璃之間取出,電極部是利用原材料(4)將其夾入而同時成型。如以上般成型太陽電池模組後,與日本歐南芭(ONAMBA)公司製造之接線盒進行焊接。安裝鋁框架,而獲得實施例1之太陽電池模組。以下為原材料(1)至原材料(8)之說明。
(1)正面玻璃:強化玻璃(2.5 t)
(2)烯烴橡膠密封材(透明烯烴密封材):菱江化學販賣 厚度300μm(相當於圖2之密封材23a之構件)
(3)晶澳太陽能(JA SOLAR)公司製造之將單晶單元連接而成之電池串36串
(4)白烯烴橡膠密封材:菱江化學販賣 厚度350μm/背片材(琳得科(LINTEC Corporation)公司製造)LIPREA(相當於圖2之密封材23b與背片材24之構件)
(5)烯烴系橡膠片材(熱吸收材)
調配三井化學公司製造之EPDM(ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer rubber,乙烯-丙烯-二烯-三元共聚橡膠)(100重量份)、乙炔黑(50重量份)、石蠟油P380(10重量份)、及DCP(3.5重量份)而成者(相當於圖2之橡膠原材料50之構件)
(6)樹脂製管道:INOAC(INOAC Housing & Construction Materials Co.,Ltd)公司製造之7A交聯聚乙烯樹脂管
樹脂管之長度是使用7A管合計46m。
(7)烯烴系橡膠片材(熱吸收材):與原材料(5)相同
(8)背面玻璃:強化玻璃(2.5 t)
[實施例2]
將實施例1之原材料(4)之厚度設為300μm,將原材料(5)與原材料(7)之熱吸收材所包含之碳黑設為乙炔黑(35重量份)與科琴黑(15重量份),將原材料(6)之樹脂管之使用長度設為50m,除此以外,均與實施例1同樣地進行,而獲得實施例2之太陽電池模組。
[比較例1]
將實施例1之原材料(2)設為EVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer,乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)(450μm),將原材料(4)之密封材部分設為EVA(600μm),將原材料(5)與原材料(7)之熱吸收材所包含之碳黑設為旭#60(60重量份),將原材料(6)之樹脂管之使用長度設為10m,除此以外,均與實施例1同樣地進行,而獲得比較例1之太陽電池模組。
[比較例2]
將實施例1之原材料(2)設為EVA(450μm),將原材料(4)之密封材部分設為EVA(600μm),原材料(5)與原材料(7)是將熱吸收材所包含之碳黑設為50重量份之二氧化矽(Durosil Ultrasil360,Degussa公司製造),將原材料(6)之樹脂管之使用長度設為40m,除此以外,均與實施例1同樣地進行,而獲得比較例2之太陽電
池模組。
[單元破裂]
對於實施例1、實施例2、比較例1及比較例2所製作之太陽電池模組所存在之破裂,根據以下之指標進行評價。將其評價結果示於表1。
<評價分>
評價分3分:無單元破裂。
評價分2分:對於3片單元確認到1處單元破裂。
評價分1分:確認到無數之單元破裂。
[集熱性能]
藉由以下方式對實施例1、實施例2、比較例1及比較例2所製作之太陽電池模組之集熱性能進行評價。以水量200L/Hr,於日照量為600(W/m2)以上且天氣為晴之狀況下進行評價。日照量是利用英弘精機製造之IV測試儀進行測定。又,太陽電池模組內之水之溫度上升是測定原水溫度與溫水之溫度差,準確地測定1分鐘儲存之水量,求出集熱量而換算為(W/m2)。根據以下之式,算出太陽電池模組之集熱效率(%)。將其評價結果示於表1。
集熱效率(%)=[{熱量(W/m2)}/{日照量(W/m2)}]×100
Claims (7)
- 一種太陽熱光混合型模組,其特徵在於:其是於太陽電池模組之正面側與背面側設置有玻璃之太陽電池模組,並且 具備溫水製造部與發電部, 於上述發電部之發電元件之至少一面側配置有烯烴系橡膠密封材(A), 於上述發電元件之相反面側配置有調配有碳黑之烯烴系橡膠片材(B), 成為上述溫水製造部之水路的樹脂管為交聯聚乙烯或聚丁烯, 利用上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)夾入上述樹脂管,並且 於上述樹脂管之側部、及上述樹脂管與上述樹脂管之間隙配置有上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之太陽熱光混合型模組,其中上述烯烴系橡膠密封材(A)之厚度為250 μm以上且500 μm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之太陽熱光混合型模組,其中上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)是使用乙炔黑、科琴黑及奈米碳管中之單獨一種、或摻合2種,相對於上述烯烴系橡膠片材(B)100重量份而添加20重量份至100重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之太陽熱光混合型模組,其中上述玻璃之厚度為0.8 mm以上且4.0 mm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之太陽熱光混合型模組,其中雙面玻璃構造之上述太陽電池模組之厚度為10 mm以上且40 mm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之太陽熱光混合型模組,其中上述樹脂管之長度為20 m以上且100 m以下。
- 一種太陽熱光混合型模組之製造方法,其特徵在於:藉由同時層疊如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項所述之太陽熱光混合型模組之發電部、烯烴系橡膠片材(B)及溫水製造部,同時於真空加熱下進行加壓成形而製造。
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