TWI607486B - 將晶圓分成晶粒的方法 - Google Patents

將晶圓分成晶粒的方法 Download PDF

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TWI607486B
TWI607486B TW104142789A TW104142789A TWI607486B TW I607486 B TWI607486 B TW I607486B TW 104142789 A TW104142789 A TW 104142789A TW 104142789 A TW104142789 A TW 104142789A TW I607486 B TWI607486 B TW I607486B
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卡爾H 皮拉瓦瑟
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    • H01L2221/683Apparatus for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
    • H01L2221/68304Apparatus for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using temporarily an auxiliary support
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    • H01L2221/68386Separation by peeling

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Description

將晶圓分成晶粒的方法
本發明涉及一種如請求項1的前序所述的將晶圓分成晶粒的方法,所述晶圓在一側上具有帶有由多條分割線劃分的多個裝置的裝置區域以及無裝置圍繞所述裝置區域形成的周邊邊緣區域。
在半導體裝置的製造工藝中,具有帶有由多條分割線劃分的多個裝置的裝置區域的晶圓被分成個別晶粒。這種製造工藝通常包括調節晶圓高度的磨削步驟以及沿分割線切割晶圓以獲得晶粒的切割步驟。為了保護在此製造工藝期間形成於晶圓上的裝置並且為了定位個別晶粒,可將黏合帶附接至具有形成於其上的裝置的晶圓側。然而,此黏合帶由於以下缺點而容易變形:在該製造工藝期間,附接至黏合帶的個別晶粒可能發生位置移動。這種晶粒移位使得晶粒拾取變得複雜,從而需要複雜且昂貴的製造機器。
本申請人已知一種用於將晶圓分成晶粒的方法,其中支撐黏合帶的載體附接至晶粒。載體是由剛性硬材料製成,這種材料被膠黏至黏合帶的整個表面,由此消除或至少基本減少晶粒移位。因此,能夠提供低複雜性並因此更為廉價的製造機器。
然而,使用該載體的已知裝置製造工藝具有增加單位成本的缺點。
因此,本發明的目標在於提供一種用於將晶圓分成晶粒的方法,從而允許以較低單位成本來消除晶粒移位。
本發明基於現有技術方法的相對較高單位成本主要由以下因素導致的考量。在將晶圓從載體剝離過程中,晶圓受到較大彎曲應力,這會導致晶圓斷裂和/或損壞形成於晶圓上的裝置。由於晶圓在載體拆離過程中彎曲,因此,部分分開的晶粒會接觸彼此,並且因此受損。另外,在晶圓拆離時,較大彎曲應力也作用於載體。因此,載體可能在去除過程中受損或甚至是破裂。出於以上所給出的原因,晶圓必須非常緩慢且小心地拆離載體,這導致生產率降低,即,每小時處理過的單元的生產量降低,並且因此增加處理成本。
本發明人已經發現,上文所指明的缺點可歸因於以下事實:載體被膠黏至黏合帶的整個表面區域。因此,由於膠黏區域較大,載體與晶圓的拆離產生較大彎曲應力,這很可能會對晶圓和/或載體造成損壞。另外,為使載體拆離而對該膠黏區域進行的處理很可能對裝置造成損壞,因為裝置與該膠黏區域是彼此疊置的。結果是廢品率相對較高,從而導致單位成本較高。
因此,提供將晶圓分成晶粒的本發明的方法,所述晶圓在一側上具有帶有由多條分割線劃分的多個裝置的裝置 區域以及無裝置圍繞所述裝置區域形成的周邊邊緣區域,所述方法包括以下步驟:將用於保護所述晶圓上的裝置的黏合帶附接至所述晶圓一側,所述黏合帶黏附至所述裝置中的至少一些、任選地全部裝置;通過連接構件將用於支撐所述黏合帶的載體連接至所述黏合帶的與接觸所述裝置的側面相對的側面,所述載體是由比所述黏合帶更硬且更為剛性的材料製成;磨削所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的側面,以便調節晶圓高度;以及沿所述分割線切割所述晶圓,所述方法特徵在於,使得所述連接構件以俯視圖來看完全位於所述晶圓的所述裝置區域的外部。所述載體是硬和/或剛性載體。
因此,本發明的方法顯著減少載體與黏合帶相連接的區域。因此,在拆離時不太可能損壞載體。另外,在為使載體拆離而對連接構件進行處理時,裝置不容易被損壞,因為它們與存在連接構件的區域分開定位。因此,提供一種將晶圓分成晶粒的方法,這種方法緩和晶粒移位問題並因廢品率降低而使單位成本降低。
以上方法可按所列次序執行,使得磨削在切割前執行。這允許從背面(即,不存在裝置的側面)切割晶圓。因此,裝置損壞的風險降低,從而進一步最小化廢品率並且降低單位成本。
所述連接構件可以呈現可由外部刺激(例如,能量輸入)去除的黏合特性,所述連接構件優選包括UV可固化膠、可熱固膠,或其組合。因此,以容易且無接觸的方式拆離載 體是可能的,從而最小化載體損壞的風險並使單位成本較低。或者,所述連接構件可以包括水溶性膠。
所述方法可以包括以下步驟:將能量輸入至所述連接構件,以釋放在載體與黏合帶之間的連接,並且從所述黏合帶去除所述載體。
所述連接構件可以呈現環形形狀。這產生了以下優點:在用於將黏合帶固定在適當位置的足夠大的連接區域與用於實現以較低損壞風險拆離載體的足夠小的連接區域之間實現良好折衷。另外,環形形態使連接構件的處理廉價且複雜性較低。另外,環形形狀使黏合帶在載體上實現良好固定,使得能夠在很大程度上防止晶粒移位。
所述方法可以包括在所述載體中形成凹槽,優選地為環形凹槽,以供所述連接構件插入。這允許將所述連接構件整合到所述載體中。因此,提供可容易處理的晶圓和載體組。另外,鑒於載體由相對較硬且剛性的材料製成的事實,所述凹槽可以高精確度容易地形成於其中。因此,所述方法實現良好處理品質。或者,還可將所述凹槽形成在黏合帶中,或將所述凹槽形成在黏合帶與載體組合中。
所述晶圓的一側(換句話說,晶圓形成有裝置的側面)可以由雷射來完全或部分切割,例如,一半被切割或挖槽,其中所述晶圓的另一區域優選地被機械切割。所述晶圓的另外區域可以從所述晶圓的所述一側或從所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的側面機械切割。鑒於所述晶圓的其上形成裝置的側面通常呈現脆性低介電質層的事實,用雷射切割所 述晶圓確保良好處理品質。對另一(優選的是其餘)晶圓區域的機械切割允許精確調節切割深度。
所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的側面可以部分機械切割,並且所述晶圓的另一區域可以由雷射從所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的側面切割。優選地,所述晶圓的其餘區域,即,所述晶圓的在已形成一個或多個部分切口的一個或多個區域中沿晶圓的高度或厚度方向的其餘部分由雷射從所述晶圓與所述一側相對的側面切割。
對所述晶圓的切割可以在磨削所述晶圓前執行。這允許在所述晶圓仍呈現較大厚度時進行切割。因此,可以防止晶圓翹曲和/或突然切割,從而提高處理品質。
所述方法可以包括以下步驟,使所述黏合帶的與接觸所述裝置的表面相對的表面與所述晶圓的與形成所述裝置的所述一側相對的表面平行。這提供了較高的處理精確度,還使處理品質提高。
所述方法還進一步包括將黏合拾取帶附接至所述晶圓的磨削表面。這個步驟會使所述載體與所述黏合帶容易拆離,並且使所述黏合帶與所述晶圓的所述一側容易拆離,因為所述晶粒由黏合拾取帶保持。該黏合拾取帶可進一步被配置為可徑向伸展的。所述方法接著可以包括以下步驟:使黏合拾取帶伸展,以增加晶粒之間的距離,並且允許更容易地拾取晶粒。
所述載體可由玻璃和/或矽製成。如果所述載體是由玻璃製成,那麼至連接構件的能量輸入能夠利用透射穿過玻 璃的輻射(例如,UV輻射)實現。如果所述載體由矽製成,那麼可提供廉價載體。另外,兩種材料的組合也是可能的。
1‧‧‧圖案側
2‧‧‧裝置區域
3‧‧‧周邊邊緣區域
4‧‧‧黏合帶
5‧‧‧頂表面
6‧‧‧背表面
7‧‧‧硬質載體
8‧‧‧凹槽
9‧‧‧外圓周
10‧‧‧帶、連接構件、UV可固化膠
11‧‧‧黏合拾取帶
12‧‧‧環形框架
13‧‧‧晶粒
s‧‧‧外環部分
W‧‧‧晶圓
A‧‧‧區域
圖1是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第1步驟的橫截面圖。
圖2是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第2步驟的橫截面圖。
圖3是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第3步驟、第4步驟以及第5步驟的橫截面圖。
圖4是圖3中的區域A的放大圖。
圖5是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第6步驟的橫截面圖。
圖6是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第7步驟的橫截面圖。
圖7是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第8步驟的橫截面圖。
圖8是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第9步驟的橫截面圖。
圖9是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第10步驟的橫截面圖。
圖10是說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第11步驟的橫截面圖。
現將參考附圖描述本發明的優選實施例。
以下優選實施例涉及一種用於將晶圓W分成晶粒的方法。晶圓W可為MEMS晶圓,具有形成於其側表面上的MESM裝置,所述側表面在以下描述中稱為圖案側1。然而,晶圓W並不限於MEMS晶圓,而還可為具有CMOS裝置(優選地為固態成像裝置)形成在其圖案側1上的CMOS晶圓。晶圓W可以由矽製成。此矽晶圓W可以包括作為在矽基板上的IC(積體電路)和LSI(大型積體電路)的裝置,或者可為通過在陶瓷、玻璃或藍寶石製成的無機材料基板上形成光學裝置(例如,LED(發光二極體))來配置的光學裝置晶圓。晶圓W不限於此,並且可以任何其它方式形成。此外,上述示例性晶圓設計的組合也是可能的。在磨削前,晶圓可以具有在μm範圍內的厚度,優選地在625μm至925μm的範圍內。
晶圓W優選地呈現為圓形形狀,具有形成在其圖案側1上的多個交叉的分割線,也被稱為渠道(street),由此將晶圓W劃分成多個矩形區域,在這些矩形區域中,分別形成裝置(例如,前述那些裝置)。這些裝置優選地形成在晶圓W的中心區域,也被稱為裝置區域2,例如如圖4所示。在圓形晶圓W的情況下,這個裝置區域2優選地為圓形,並與晶圓W的外圓周同心佈置。裝置區域2被環繞裝置區域2的環形周邊邊緣區域3環繞,例如如圖4所示。在這個周邊邊緣區域3中,並未形成裝置。周邊邊緣區域3優選地與裝置區域2和/或晶圓W的外圓周同心佈置。周邊邊緣區域3的徑向延度可在mm的範圍內,並且優選地在1mm至3mm之間。
在下文中,根據本發明的優選實施例的用於分割晶圓W的方法參考圖1至圖10進行描述。
圖1描繪根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第1步驟的結果。在第1步驟中,黏合帶4附接至晶圓W的圖案側1。換句話說,圖案側1與黏合帶4層壓在一起。黏合帶4優選地與晶圓W具有相同形狀,並同心附接至晶圓。當附接至晶圓W時,黏合帶4黏附至形成於圖案側1的裝置區域2中的裝置。黏合帶4為形成於晶圓W的裝置區域2中的裝置提供保護。
圖2說明根據本發明的優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的第2步驟。應當注意,這個第2步驟對於根據這個優選實施例的方法是任選的。在這個第2步驟中,黏合帶4的遠離晶圓W取向的表面平行於晶圓W的遠離黏合帶4取向的表面。由於裝置形成在晶圓W的圖案側1的事實,黏合帶4的頂表面5可因其下方形成的裝置而呈現出不均勻的表面輪廓。此頂表面5的最低點(即表面最靠近晶圓W的那個點)與此頂表面5的最高點(即表面最遠離晶圓W的那個點)之間的距離可為約70μm。通過在這個第2步驟中的平行化,這個距離例如可減少至約2μm。該平行化可優選地通過以下方式實現:將晶圓W夾在夾盤檯子上,並且沿著頂表面5移動例如銑削設備,使得該銑削設備的加工平面取向成平行於晶圓W的背表面6。具有層合的黏合帶4的晶圓W的總厚度值可通過這個第2步驟提高。
圖3和圖4呈現根據這個優選實施例的晶圓分割方法的 第3步驟、第4步驟以及第5步驟的結果。在這個優選實施例的第3步驟中,提供硬質載體7。硬質載體7優選地由比黏合帶4的材料顯著更硬且更為剛性的材料製成。硬質載體7例如由矽、玻璃、或其組合製成。優選地,硬質載體7與黏合帶4同份形成,並與該黏合帶同心佈置,如圖3所示。硬質載體7可例如呈現出500μm至1000μm的高度。
在這個優選實施例的第4步驟(其對於這個實施例而言是任選的)中,環形凹槽8、例如槽口在硬質載體7中同心形成,如圖4所示。優選地,環形凹槽8具有矩形輪廓的橫截面和/或從硬質載體7的外周表面9徑向向內延伸。在硬質載體7的高度方向上,凹槽8可沿載體高度的約一半延伸。硬質載體7呈現外環部分s,外環部分優選地從晶圓W的外圓周9徑向向內延伸。當硬質載體7同心地附接至黏合帶4時,環形部分優選地對應於晶圓W的周邊邊緣區域3。凹槽8的延伸和佈置被限定為在外環部分s內。因此,當硬質載體7同心地附接至黏合帶4時,凹槽8以俯視圖來看並非在晶圓W的裝置區域2中延伸,如圖4所示。應當注意,凹槽8還可能起始於從硬質載體7的外圓周9徑向向內移位的徑向位置。另外,不同於矩形輪廓的輪廓是可能的,例如,三角形輪廓或半圓形輪廓等。
在這個優選實施例的第5步驟中,硬質載體7同心地附接至黏合帶4的頂表面5。鑒於硬質載體7和黏合帶4同份形成的事實,在這個優選實施例中,這兩個部分形成了連續周向表面。硬質載體7至黏合帶4的附接通過連接構件10實 現,從而允許在不損壞硬質載體7的情況下,稍後將硬質載體7從黏合帶4拆離。
連接構件可呈現出黏合特性,這些黏合特性可受能量(例如,UV輻射)施加影響,所述連接構件例如UV可固化膠。該膠可為UV可固化膠10,優選地呈雙面帶的形式。帶10提供於硬質載體7的凹槽8中,用以將硬質載體7附接至黏合帶4。由於凹槽8的配置,帶10完全位於晶圓W的周邊邊緣區域3中,由此不延伸至裝置區域2,如圖4所示。晶圓W、黏合帶4以及硬質載體7在這個優選實施例中在這個第5步驟後形成具有恒定、或近似恒定的直徑的單元。這個單元且尤其是黏合帶4在結構上受到剛性硬質載體7支撐,該剛性硬質載體利用提供於凹槽8中的帶10的UV可固化膠來附接至黏合帶4。當UV可固化膠10用作連接構件時,硬質載體7優選地由玻璃製成。這就允許UV輻射穿透載體7以固化凹槽8中的膠10,使得膠失去其黏合特性,並且載體7可容易地拆離而不發生損壞。
或者,替代UV可固化膠10,可將可熱固膠、優選地是雙面帶用作用於將硬質載體7連接至黏合帶4的連接構件。此帶優選地佈置於硬質載體7的凹槽8中。這種可熱固膠允許通過將熱量施加於可熱固帶來容易地將硬質載體7與黏合帶4拆離,而不損壞載體7。這種配置允許使用矽作為硬質載體7的材料,因為不需要其透明性。或者,可使用水溶性膠。
連接構件還有可能以懸浮液膠的形式提供。液膠將使 黏合帶4和硬質載體7乾燥並將黏合帶和硬質載體彼此連接。這種膠可佈置在凹槽8中。凹槽8可提供於黏合帶4的周向表面、硬質載體7的周向表面,或這兩者內。隨後,可將液膠提供在黏合帶4與硬質載體7在凹槽內的交界處。凹槽8可呈現為三角形橫截面。還可能不提供凹槽。為了將硬質載體7從黏合帶4拆離,刀或任何其它機械切割設備可用於切割膠以便將硬質載體7從黏合帶4拆離而不造成損壞。或者,液膠可由外部刺激(例如,UV輻射或熱量)固化。在這種情況下,硬質載體7可以通過以下方式從黏合帶4拆離:向膠施加外部刺激,從而將膠固化,並且因此降低其黏合力,並且隨後將硬質載體7從黏合帶4去除。另外,液膠可為水溶性膠,從而允許通過將水施加至膠來將硬質載體7從黏合帶4去除。
在連接構件的所有以上配置中,連接構件僅僅位於硬質載體7的外環部分s,由此不延伸至晶圓W的裝置區域2中。
圖5說明這個優選實施例的第6步驟的結果。在這個第6步驟中,黏合帶4附接至的晶圓W利用磨削設備從其背表面6開始磨削至所需厚度,其中硬質載體7被安裝至黏合帶4。這個厚度可為晶粒的最終厚度。這種磨削設備可以包括一個或多個金剛石砂輪。
在這個優選實施例的第7步驟中,晶圓W利用機械切割設備(例如,鋸子)來從背側沿其圖案側1上形成的渠道從其背表面6切割。切割可為完全切割,使得晶粒通過這個第7 步驟彼此分離。或者,切割可僅僅為所謂的半切割,從而在高度方向上留下一些晶圓材料。圖6描繪第7步驟中的此種半切割。
如果在第7步驟中僅執行半切割,那麼晶圓W完全切割,使得晶粒13在第8步驟中彼此分離,其結果在圖7中說明。在這個第8步驟中,在沿渠道的高度方向上的晶圓W的剩餘矽由雷射從晶圓W的背側6切割。這在晶圓W在其圖案側1呈現所謂的低k材料時尤其有利。這種低介電質材料是非常脆性的。利用雷射對晶圓進行切割確保良好切割品質。在晶粒13已經完全彼此分離後,晶粒分別黏附至硬質載體7附接至的黏合帶4,如圖7所示。
在優選實施例的第9步驟中(其結果在圖8中示出),分別由黏合帶4和硬質載體7來固持的個別晶粒13放置在安裝於環形框架12上的黏合拾取帶11上。晶粒13、黏合帶4和硬質載體7的單元放置在所述黏合拾取帶上,其方式為使得晶粒13的磨削表面接觸該黏合拾取帶,如圖8所示。
在優選實施例的第10步驟中,如圖9所示,能量被施加至連接構件或連接構件以任何其它方式來轉變,使得硬質載體7與黏合帶4之間的連接得以釋放,從而允許將硬質載體7從黏合帶4去除。在這個實施例中,對連接構件10進行配置,其方式為使得對硬質載體7的這種拆離在不損壞載體7的情況下是可能的。由於連接構件僅僅位於晶圓W的周邊邊緣區域3中,因此晶粒13不會在連接構件10的這種釋放期間損壞。
圖10描繪優選實施例的第11步驟,其中黏合帶4從晶粒13上去除,由此釋放個別晶粒以由拾取裝置從黏合拾取帶11上拾取。個別晶粒之間的距離可通過使拾取帶徑向伸展來增加以有利於拾取。
應當注意,沿渠道來切割晶圓W還可在先前所述磨削步驟前執行。在這種情況下,晶圓W優選地沿渠道從圖案側1切割至對應於最終晶粒高度的深度。隨後,在磨削步驟中,分離個別晶粒13,其中晶圓W從背側6向下磨削以到達切口下側。優選地,這種切割在將黏合帶4附接至晶圓W前執行。此處理方法的其餘步驟對應於先前描述的那些步驟。
1‧‧‧圖案側
2‧‧‧裝置區域
3‧‧‧周邊邊緣區域
4‧‧‧黏合帶
6‧‧‧背表面
7‧‧‧硬質載體
8‧‧‧凹槽
9‧‧‧外圓周
10‧‧‧帶、連接構件、UV可固化膠
W‧‧‧晶圓
s‧‧‧外環部分

Claims (12)

  1. 一種將晶圓分成晶粒的方法,所述晶圓在一側上具有帶有由多條分割線劃分的多個裝置的一裝置區域、以及無裝置圍繞所述裝置區域形成的一周邊邊緣區域,所述方法包括:將用以保護所述晶圓上之裝置的一黏合帶附接至所述晶圓的所述一側,所述黏合帶黏附至所述裝置中的至少一些、任選地全部裝置;藉由連接構件將用以支撐所述黏合帶的一載體連接至所述黏合帶的與接觸所述裝置之側面相對的側面;磨削所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的側面,以便調整晶圓高度;以及沿所述分割線切割所述晶圓;其特徵在於,所述連接構件呈現圍繞所述周邊邊緣區域的一環形形狀,且未延伸到所述晶圓的一中心;且在所述載體之配置於環形連接構件內側的區域中,於所述載體與所述黏合帶之間沒有材料存在。
  2. 如請求項1的方法,其中所述連接構件呈現可由能量輸入去除的黏合特性,所述連接構件優選包括UV可固化膠、可熱固膠,或其中組合。
  3. 如請求項2的方法,其進一步包括:將能量輸入至所述連接構件,以釋放在載體與黏合帶之間的連接;以及 將所述載體從所述黏合帶去除。
  4. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其進一步包括:在所述載體中形成一凹槽,優選地為一環形凹槽,以供所述連接構件插入。
  5. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其中所述晶圓的所述一側部分由雷射切割,而所述晶圓的另一區域優選地被機械切割。
  6. 如請求項5的方法,其中所述晶圓的所述另一區域是從所述晶圓的所述一側或從所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的所述側面機械切割。
  7. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其中所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的所述側面被部分機械切割,而所述晶圓的另一區域由雷射從所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的所述側面切割。
  8. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其中對所述晶圓的所述切割在磨削所述晶圓前執行。
  9. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其中請求項1的所述步驟按照所列次序執行。
  10. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其中所述黏合帶的與接觸所述裝置的所述表面相對的所述表面平行於所述晶圓的與所述一側相對的所述表面。
  11. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其進一步包括:將一黏合拾取帶附接至所述晶圓的磨削表面。
  12. 如請求項1、2或3的方法,其中所述載體由矽和/或玻璃製成。
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