TWI568831B - 有機場效電晶體 - Google Patents
有機場效電晶體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI568831B TWI568831B TW101145858A TW101145858A TWI568831B TW I568831 B TWI568831 B TW I568831B TW 101145858 A TW101145858 A TW 101145858A TW 101145858 A TW101145858 A TW 101145858A TW I568831 B TWI568831 B TW I568831B
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- -1 especially CF 3 Chemical group 0.000 claims description 86
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 75
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006612 decyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Inorganic materials [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006316 polyvinylpyrrolidine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002094 self assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/124—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/45—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/004—Diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
- C09B69/105—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing a methine or polymethine dye
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
- C09B69/109—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing other specific dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/30—Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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Description
本發明提供包含閘電極、源電極及汲電極之電子組件或裝置,其中該組件或裝置進一步包含提供在該源與汲電極之間之有機半導體(OSC)材料,其中該OSC材料包含(a)由式I表示之聚合物及(b)如式II之化合物。高品質OFET可透過選擇由藉由式I表示之聚合物及(b)如式II之化合物組成之半導體材料製造。
近年來,已開發有機半導體(OSC)材料以生產更多功能、更低成本之電子裝置。此類材料可用於大範圍裝置或設備,包括有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機發光二極體(OLED)、光偵測器、有機光伏打(OPV)電池、感測器、記憶元件及邏輯電路,僅舉數例。該等有機半導體材料一般以薄層(例如小於1微米厚)之形式存在於電子裝置中。
改良之電荷遷移率係新穎電子裝置之一目標。另一目標係改良之OSC層穩定性、膜均一性及完整性,以及電子裝置穩定性、均一性及完整性。
有可能改良裝置中之OSC層穩定性及完整性之一方式係在有機黏結劑中包含OSC組分,如WO 2005/055248A2中所揭示。一般而言,由於在黏結劑中稀釋,預期電荷遷移率下降及半導體層中之分子順序受到破壞。然而,WO 2005/055248A2之公開內容顯示,包含OSC材料及黏結劑之調配物仍展現出意外之高電荷載子遷移率,其媲美在高
度有序之OSC化合物晶體層中所觀察到之遷移率。此外,WO 2005/055248A2所揭示之調配物具有較習知OSC材料佳之可加工性。
WO 2007/082584A1係關於一種類似於有機場效電晶體(OFET)之電子裝置,其具有短源至汲通道長度及含有包含有機半導體化合物及半導體黏結劑之有機半導體材料。
DPP聚合物及其等合成之實例描述於例如US 6451459B1、WO 05/049695、WO 2008/000664、WO 2010/049321、WO 2010/049323、WO 2010/108873、WO 2010/115767、WO 2010/136353、WO 2010/136352及WO 2011/144566中。
EP 2034537 A2係關於包含半導體層之薄膜電晶體裝置,
該半導體層包含含有藉由表示之化學結構之化合物,其中各X獨立地選自S、Se、O及NR",各R"獨立地選自氫、視需要經取代之烴及含雜原子之基團,各Z獨立地係視需要經取代之烴、含雜原子基團及鹵素中之一者,d係至少1之數字,e係0至2之數字;a表示至少1之數字;b表示0至20之數字;及n表示至少1之數字。尤其明確揭示以下聚合物:
(10),(11),
(12),
(13),
(48)及
(49),其中n係重複單元之數目及可為約2至約5000,R'''、R''''及R'''''可為相同或不同取代基,及其中該取代基獨立地選自由視需要經取代之烴基及含雜原子基團組成之群。EP 2034537 A2未明確指出將如式II之小分子化合物添加至包含如式I之聚
合物之OFET之活性層。
WO 201161078(PCT/EP 2011/060283)描述一種半導體裝置,尤其有機場效電晶體,其包含含有聚合物之層,該聚合物包含具有二酮基吡咯并吡咯主鏈之重複單元(DPP聚合物)及具有4.6 eV或更大之真空中電子親和力之受體化合物。DPP聚合物摻雜有受體化合物導致有機場效電晶體具有改良之電洞遷移率、電流通/斷比及可控閥值偏移。
PCT/EP 2012/066941描述組合物,其包含(a)如式
之寡聚物,及(b)聚合材料,如例如,二酮基吡咯并吡咯(DPP)聚合物及該組合物作為有機裝置中之有機半導體材料之用途。
本發明之目的係減少或克服先前技藝之OSC層之缺點,提供改良之電子裝置,提供改良之OSC材料及組件供此類裝置使用,及提供其等製造方法。該裝置應展現OSC層之改良穩定性、高膜均一性及高完整性,該等材料應具有高電荷遷移率及良好可加工性,及該方法應使尤其在大規模下之裝置生產變得簡易及具時間及成本效益。技術人員在參考以下詳細敘述下將瞭解本發明之其他目的。
本發明者已發現可透過將具體二酮基吡咯并吡咯(DPP)聚合物與具體DPP小分子組合使用而達成進一步改良。即,可透過選擇例如WO 2010/049321中描述之半導體材料
及例如WO 2009/047104或WO 2012/041849中描述之小分子來製造高品質OFET。
該目的已藉由包含閘電極、源電極及汲電極之電子組件或裝置達成,其中該組件或裝置進一步包含提供在該源與汲電極之間之有機半導體(OSC)材料,其中該OSC材料包含
(a)由下式表示之聚合物:(I)其中R101及R102可相同或不同及選自氫、C1至C38烷基、C2至C38烯基、C3至C38炔基,其等各者可視需要藉由-O-、-S-或COO間隔一或多次;可藉由C1至C8烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、CF3及/或F取代一至五次之C7至C100芳烷基;及可視需要經C1至C25烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、鹵素或氰基取代一或多次之苯基;
各A6及A7獨立地選自,或;
各M獨立地選自,或,
R13及R13'彼此獨立地係氫、鹵素、鹵代C1至C25烷基,尤其係CF3、氰基、可視需要藉由一或多個氧或硫原子間隔之C1至C25烷基;C7至C25芳烷基或C1至C25烷氧基;s表示1至4之數字;t表示1至4之數字;v表示0至3之數字;及n表示至少5之數字,及(b)如下式之化合物
(II),其中A1及A2彼此獨立地係如下式之基團
a為1或2;b為0或1;c為0或1;R1及R2可相同或不同且選自氫、C1至C38烷基、C2至C38烯基、C3至C38炔基,其等各者可視需要藉由-O-、-S-或COO間隔一或多次;可經C1至C8烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、CF3及/或F取代一至五次之C7至C100芳烷基;及可視需要經C1至C25烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、鹵素或氰基取代一或多次之苯基;Ar1、Ar2及Ar3彼此獨立地係如下式之二價基團,或,
R14及R14'彼此獨立地係氫、鹵素、鹵代C1至C25烷基,尤其係CF3、氰基、可視需要藉由一或多個氧或硫原子間隔之C1至C25烷基;C7至C25芳烷基或C1至C25烷氧基;R3係氫、鹵素、氰基、C1至C25烷基、鹵基-C1至C25烷
基、或,其中R22至R25及R29至R33
彼此獨立地表示H、鹵素、氰基或C1至C25烷基,及R26係H、鹵素、氰基、苯基或C1至C25烷基,其中如式II之化合物係以基於如式I之聚合物與如式II之化合物之量之0.1至99.9重量%之量包含。
此外,本發明係關於包含本發明組件或裝置,或有機層,尤其本發明半導體層之設備。
基本上而言,如式II之化合物係以基於如式I之DPP聚合物與如式II之化合物之量之0.1至99.9重量%,更佳1至99重量%,甚佳2至98重量%,尤其5至95重量%之量包含。
如式I之各聚合物(DPP聚合物)與計劃根據本發明使用之如式II之化合物(摻雜劑)之混合可藉由以下方法中之一者或組合來製造:a)依序沈積DPP聚合物及摻雜劑,隨後視需要藉由熱處理使該摻雜劑內擴散;b)藉由摻雜劑溶液摻雜DPP聚合物層,隨後視需要藉由熱處理蒸發該溶劑;c)藉由摻雜劑溶液摻雜DPP聚合物之溶液或分散液,隨後視需要藉由熱處理蒸發溶劑;及d)藉由如式II之固體化合物摻雜DPP聚合物之溶液以獲得分散液或溶液,隨後視需要藉由熱處理蒸發溶劑。
本發明之聚合物較佳具有10,000至1,000,000及更佳10,000至100,000道爾頓之重量平均分子量。分子量係依照高溫凝膠滲透層析法(HT-GPC),使用苯乙烯標準劑確定。
A6及A7彼此獨立地係,,或。
如式或之基團較佳。如式之
基團最佳。
M獨立地選自,尤其,,尤其
或,尤其。如式或
之基團更佳。如式之基團最佳。
R13及R13'彼此獨立地較佳係氫、鹵素、鹵代C1至C4烷基,尤其CF3、氰基、C1至C4烷基或C1至C4烷氧基;甚至更佳氫或C1至C4烷基,最佳氫。
R101及R102可不同,但較佳相同。較佳,R101及R102係C1至C38烷基,較佳C4至C24烷基,更佳C8至C24烷基,如例如,正十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、2-乙基-己基、2-丁基-己基、2-丁基-辛基、2-己基癸基、2-癸基-十四烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基或二十四烷基。C1至C38烷基、C4至C24烷基及C8至C24烷基可為直線或支化型,但較佳係支化型。
合適地,基團R101及R102可藉由式表示,其中m1=n1+2及m1+n124。對掌性側鏈,如R101及R102可呈同手性或消旋性,其等可影響化合物之形態。
較佳,v為1、2或3。更佳,v為1或2。
較佳,兩DPP鹼性單元()之間之雜芳基之數目係2至5之整數,更佳為3或4。
於一較佳實施例中,由式(I)表示之聚合物係如式
(Ia)之聚合物,其中A6及A7獨立地選
自或,s表示整數1或2;t表示整數1或2;及R101及R102係C1至C38烷基,及n為5至1000。
如式Ia之較佳DPP聚合物之實例顯示如下:
(Ia-1),其中R101及R102係C1至C38烷基,及n為5至1000。
於另一較佳實施例中,由式(I)表示之聚合物係如式
(Ib)之聚合物,其中A6及A7獨
立地選自或,
s表示整數1或2;t表示整數1或2;
M選自或,v表示整數1、2或3;R101及R102係C1至C38烷基,及n為5至1000。
如式Ib之較佳DPP聚合物之實例顯示如下:
,其中M、v、n、R101及R102係如上所定義。
由下式表示之聚合物:(Ib-1),
(Ib-2),
(Ib-3),
(Ib-4),
(Ib-5),
(Ib-6)及
(Ib-7)更佳,其中R101及R102係C1至C38烷基,及n為5至1000,如式(Ib-1)、(Ib-4)、(Ib-6)及(Ib-7)之聚合物甚至更佳及如式(Ib-1)之聚合物最
佳,如例如,(WO 2010/049321之實例1,Mw=39,500,多分散度=2.2(藉由HT-GPC測量))及
(Mw=74,000,多分散度=1.9(藉由HT-GPC測量))。
可單獨使用如式I之聚合物中之一者,或可組合使用此等化合物中之兩或更多者。
可單獨使用如式II之化合物中之一者,或可組合使用此等化合物中之兩或更多者。
如式II之化合物較佳係以基於DPP聚合物Ib-1與如式II之化合物之量之5至95重量%之量使用。
Ar1、Ar2及Ar3彼此獨立地係如下式之二價基團:
、或。
Ar1較佳如下式之基團:,或(虛線表示對DPP鹼性單元之鍵結)。
R14及R14'彼此獨立地較佳係氫、鹵素、鹵代C1至C4烷基,尤其CF3、氰基、C1至C4烷基或C1至C4烷氧基;甚至更佳氫或C1至C4烷基,最佳氫。
更佳Ar1係如下式之基團,或
。
最佳Ar1係如下式之基團或。Ar2及
Ar3較佳係如下式之基團,或。
更佳Ar2及Ar3係如下式基團或。
R3較佳係氫、氰基、,或
。
如式II之化合物較佳係如下式之化合物
(IIa)
,其中a為1或2;b為0或1;c為0或1;R1及R2相同或不同且係C1至C38烷基,Ar1、Ar2及Ar3彼此獨立地係如下式之二價基團
或,
R3係氫、氰基、或。如式IIa之化合物之實例顯示如下:
(IIa-1),
(IIa-2)及
(IIa-3),其中R1及R2相同且係C1至C38烷基。
R1及R2係C1至C38烷基,較佳C4至C24烷基,更佳C8至C24烷基,如例如,正十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、2-乙基-己基、2-丁基-己基、2-丁基-辛基、2-己基癸基、2-癸基-十四烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基或二十四烷基。C1至C38烷基、C4至C24烷基及C8至C24烷基可為直線或支化型,但較佳係支化型。較佳R1及R2具有相同含義。合適
地,基團R1及R2可藉由式表示,其中m1=n1+2及m1+n124。對掌性側鏈,如R1及R2可呈同手性或消旋性,其等可影響化合物之形態。
如式II之本發明最佳化合物係如下式之化合物(IIa-1)。該衍生物特別利於摻雜
DPP聚合物,結合至源/汲電極,及提供在常見溶劑中之良好溶解性。
於本發明之特佳實施例中,OSC材料包含如式(IIa-1)之化合物及由式(Ib-1)、(Ib-6)或(Ib-7)表示之DPP聚合物。
於本發明之甚至更佳實施例中,OSC材料包含如式(IIa-1)之化合物及藉由式(Ib-1)表示之DPP聚合物。
此外,本發明係關於一種有機層,尤其半導體層,其包含如上所定義之如式I之聚合物及如上所定義之如式II之化合物;及一種調配物,其包含(a)如上所定義之如式I之聚合物,(b)如上所定義之如式II之化合物,及(c)溶劑,或溶劑混合物。
該調配物可用於製造有機層,尤其半導體層。該有機層可用於有機半導體裝置中。
包含如式I之聚合物及如式II之化合物之半導體層可額外包含至少另一材料。該另一材料可為,但不限於另一如式I之化合物、半導體聚合物、不同於如式II之化合物之有機小分子、碳奈米管、富勒烯衍生物、無機顆粒(量子點、量子棒、量子三腳架、TiO2、ZnO等)、導電顆粒(Au、Ag等)。
鹵係氟、氯、溴及碘,尤其係氟。
C1至C25烷基(C1至C18烷基)一般係直線型或支化型,視需要而定。實例為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-
戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、正庚基、異庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基-庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基及2-乙基己基、正壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十四烷基或二十五烷基。C1至C8烷基一般為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基-丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基及2-乙基己基。C1至C4烷基一般為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基。鹵烷基係其中一個或多於一個氫原子由鹵原子代替之烷基。實例係C1至C4全氟烷基,其可經支化或非支化,如例如,-CF3、-CF2CF3、-CF2CF2CF3、-CF(CF3)2、-(CF2)3CF3、及-C(CF3)3。
C1至C25烷氧基(C1至C18烷氧基)係直鏈或支化烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、戊氧基、異戊氧基或第三戊氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、異辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基、十二烷氧基、十四烷氧基、十五烷氧基、十六烷氧基、十七烷氧基及十八烷氧基。C1至C8烷氧基之實例為甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、異丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、2-戊氧基、
3-戊氧基、2,2-二甲基丙氧基、正己氧基、正庚氧基、正辛氧基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁氧基及2-乙基己氧基,較佳為C1至C4烷氧基,諸如一般為甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、異丁氧基、第三丁氧基。術語「烷硫基」意指與烷氧基相同之基團,不同的是醚鍵之氧原子經硫原子代替。
C2至C38烯基係直鏈或支化烯基且可未經取代或經取代。實例係烯丙基、甲基烯丙基、異丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、異丁烯基、正戊-2,4-二烯基、3-甲基-丁-2-烯基、正辛-2-烯基、正十二烷-2-烯基、異十二烷烯基、正十二烷-2-烯基或正十八烷-4-烯基。
C2至C38炔基係直鏈或支化型且可未經取代或經取代。實例係乙炔基、1-丙炔-3-基、1-丁炔-4-基、1-戊炔-5-基、2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-基、1,4-戊二炔-3-基、1,3-戊二炔-5-基、1-己炔-6-基、順式-3-甲基-2-戊烯-4-炔-1-基、反式-3-甲基-2-戊烯-4-炔-1-基、1,3-己二炔-5-基、1-辛炔-8-基、1-壬炔-9-基、1-癸炔-10-基或1-二十四炔-24-基。
C7至C100芳烷基一般係C7至C25芳烷基。芳烷基可經C1至C8烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、CF3及/或F取代一至五次。實例係苄基、2-苄基-2-丙基、β-苯基-乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、ω-苯基-丁基、ω,ω-二甲基-ω-苯基-丁基、ω-苯基-十二烷基、ω-苯基-十八烷基、ω-苯基-二十烷基或ω-苯基-二十二烷基,較佳為C7至C18芳烷基,如苄基、2-苄基-2-丙基、β-苯基-乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、ω-苯基-丁基、ω,ω-二甲
基-ω-苯基-丁基、ω-苯基-十二烷基或ω-苯基-十八烷基及特佳為C7至C12芳烷基,如苄基、2-苄基-2-丙基、β-苯基-乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、ω-苯基-丁基、或ω,ω-二甲基-ω-苯基-丁基,其中脂族烴基及芳族烴基皆可未經取代或經取代。較佳實例係苄基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、萘基乙基、萘基甲基及異丙苯基。
實驗已顯示非晶形及晶形之形態可透過改變調配參數獲得,如聚合物、溶劑、濃度、沈積方法等。
此外,本發明亦係關於一種調配物,其包含:(a)如上所定義之如式I之聚合物,(b)如上所定義之如式II之化合物,及(c)溶劑,或溶劑混合物。
根據本發明之調配物及OSC層可藉由以下方法製備,該方法包含:(i)首先混合如式II之化合物與如式I之聚合物。較佳該混合包含將該等組分在溶劑或溶劑混合物中混合在一起,(ii)將含有如式II之化合物及如式I之聚合物之溶劑施用至基板;及視需要蒸發溶劑以形成根據本發明之固體OSC層,及(iii)視需要將該固體OSC層自基板移除或將該基板自該固體層移除。
於步驟(i)中,溶劑可為單溶劑,或可將如式II之化合物及如式I之聚合物各自溶於不同溶劑中,接著混合該兩種所獲得之溶液以混合該等化合物。
可將如式I之聚合物與如式II之化合物一起溶於合適溶劑中,及例如藉由蘸、噴、塗或印刷在基板上來沈積溶液以形成液體層及隨後移除溶劑以留下固體層。將瞭解,選擇可同時溶解如式II之化合物及如式I之聚合物,且在自溶液摻合物蒸發時得到相干無缺陷層之溶劑。
合適及較佳有機溶劑之實例包括,但不限於,二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、單氯苯、鄰二氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、四氫呋喃、苯甲醚、嗎啉、甲苯、鄰二甲苯、間二甲苯、對二甲苯、1,4-二氧雜環己烷、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、二甲亞碸、四氫萘、十氫萘、茚滿、三甲苯、1-甲基萘及/或其等混合物。
根據本發明,已進一步發現在有機半導體層調配物中之固體含量水平亦係使諸如OFET之電子裝置達成改良遷移率值之因素。調配物之固體含量常表示如下:固體含量(%)=((a+b)/(a+b+c))*100,其中a=如式II之化合物之質量,b=如式I之聚合物之質量及c=溶劑之質量。
調配物之固體含量較佳為0.1至10重量%,更佳0.5至5重量%。甚至更佳0.5至2重量%及最佳0.5至1重量%。
宜在現代微電子裝置中產生小型結構以降低成本(更多裝置/單元面積)及能耗。本發明層之圖案化可藉由光微影法、電子束微影法或雷射圖案化實施。
諸如場效電晶體之有機電子裝置之液體塗覆較真空沈積技術更適合。本發明之調配物使得可使用大量液體塗覆技術。可藉由,例如但不限於,蘸塗、旋塗、噴墨印刷、凸板印刷、網印、刮刀塗覆、輥輪印刷、反轉輥印刷、平版印刷、膠版印刷、轉輪印刷、噴塗、狹模塗覆、刷塗或移印將有機半導體層合併至最終裝置結構中。
可藉由噴墨印刷或微分散將所選擇之本發明調配物施用至預製裝置基板。為了透過噴墨印刷或微分散施用,應將如式II之化合物與如式I之聚合物之混合物首先溶於合適溶劑中。溶劑應滿足上述要求及應不具有對所選擇印刷頭之任何有害作用。
此外,溶劑應具有沸點>100℃以防止由於溶液在印刷頭內乾透所導致之操作性問題。合適溶劑包括經取代及未經取代之二甲苯衍生物、二-C1至C2烷基甲醯胺、經取代及未經取代之苯甲醚及其他苯酚醚衍生物、經取代之萘、經取代之雜環,如經取代之吡啶、吡、嘧啶、吡咯酮;經取代及未經取代之N,N-二-C1至C2烷基苯胺及其他氟化或氯化芳烴。該(等)溶劑可包括選自以下實例表列之彼等物:十二烷基苯、1-甲基-4-第三丁基苯、萜品醇苧烯、異杜烯、萜品油烯、對-甲-異丙苯、二乙基苯。該溶劑可為溶劑混合物,即兩或更多種溶劑之組合,各溶劑較佳具有沸點>100℃。此(等)溶劑亦增強在沈積層中之膜形成及減少層缺陷。
根據本發明之OSC調配物可額外包含一或多種其他組
分,類似於例如表面活性化合物、潤滑劑、潤濕劑、分散劑、疏水劑、黏著劑、流動改良劑、消泡劑、脫氣劑、稀釋劑、反應性或非反應性稀釋劑、助劑、著色劑、染料、顏料或奈米粒子,此外,尤其在使用可交聯黏結劑之情況中,觸媒、敏化劑、穩定劑、抑制劑、鏈轉移劑或共反應單體。
本發明進一步係關於一種包含OSC層之電子裝置。該電子裝置可包括,但不限於,有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機發光二極體(OLED)、光偵測器、二極體、電阻、感測器、邏輯電路、記憶元件、電容器或光伏打(PV)電池,或其等組合。例如,在OFET之汲與源極之間之活性半導體通道可包含本發明之層體。在另一實例中,在OLED裝置中之電荷(電洞或電子)注射或傳輸層可包含本發明之層體。根據本發明之OSC調配物及藉此形成之OSC層特別可用於OFET中,尤其與本文中所描述之較佳實施例有關之OFET。
根據本發明之電子組件或裝置較佳係有機場效電晶體(OFET)。該有機場效電晶體包含閘電極、閘絕緣體層、半導體層、源電極及汲電極,該半導體層表示包含如式I之DPP聚合物及如式II之化合物之層。
有機半導體材料(如式I之DPP聚合物及如式II之化合物)呈溶液可加工性,即,其可藉由例如噴墨印刷沈積。
根據本發明之OFET裝置較佳包含:-源電極,
-汲電極,-閘電極,-半導體層,-一或多個閘絕緣體層,及-視需要基板,其中該半導體層包含如式I之DPP聚合物及如式II之化合物。
在該OFET裝置中閘、源及汲電極及絕緣及半導體層可依任何順序排列,條件係該源及汲電極係藉由該絕緣層自該閘電極分離,該閘電極及半導體層均接觸該絕緣層,而該源電極及汲電極均接觸該半導體層。
較佳,該OFET包含具有第一側面及第二側面之絕緣體,位於該絕緣體之第一側面上之閘電極、位於該絕緣體之第二側面上之包含如式I之DPP聚合物及如式II之化合物之層體及位於該OSC層上之汲電極及源電極。
該OFET裝置可為頂閘裝置或底閘裝置。
OFET裝置之合適結構及製造方法為熟習本項技術者已知且描述於文獻中,例如,WO 03/052841。
一般而言,本發明之半導體層至多為1微米(1 μm)厚,但若需要其可更厚。就各電子裝置應用而言,該厚度亦可小於約1微米。例如,就在OFET中使用而言,該層厚度可一般為100 nm或更小。該層之準確厚度將視例如使用該層之電子裝置之要求而定。
絕緣體層(介電層)基本上可為無機材料膜或有機聚合物膜。適合作為閘介電層之無機材料之說明性實例包括氧化
矽、氮化矽、氧化鋁、鈦酸鋇、鈦酸鋇鋯及類似者。用於閘介電層之有機聚合物之說明性實例包括聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚(乙烯基苯酚)、聚醯亞胺、聚苯乙烯、聚(甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(丙烯酸酯)、環氧樹脂、如WO 07/113107中所描述之光敏光阻材料及類似者。於示例性實施例中,熱生長氧化矽(SiO2)可用作該介電層。亦可使用有機與無機絕緣體層之組合。
該介電層之厚度為,例如,約10奈米至約2000奈米,視所使用之介電材料之介電常數而定。介電層之典型厚度為約100奈米至約500奈米。介電層可具有例如小於約10-12 S/cm之導電率。
該閘絕緣體層可包含例如,氟聚合物,類似於例如市售Cytop 809M®或Cytop 107M®(來自Asahi Glass)。較佳,閘絕緣體層係藉由例如旋塗、刮刀塗敷、環棒式塗佈、噴塗或蘸塗或其他已知方法,自包含絕緣體材料及具有一或多個氟原子之一或多種溶劑(氟溶劑),較佳全氟溶劑之調配物沈積。合適全氟溶劑係例如FC75®(購自Acros,型錄號12380)。其他合適氟聚合物及氟溶劑在先前技藝中知曉,類似於例如全氟聚合物鐵氟龍AF® 1600或2400(獲自DuPont),或Fluoropel®(獲自Cytonix)或全氟溶劑FC 43®(Acros,No.12377)。
為了使用如式I之DPP聚合物及如式II之化合物形成有機活性層,可將包括氯仿或氯苯之組合物用於有機活性層。在用於有機活性層之組合物中使用之溶劑之實例可包括氯
仿、氯苯、二氯苯、三氯苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲基萘、三甲苯、茚滿、四氫萘、十氫萘或其等混合物。
形成該有機活性層之方法之實例可包括,但不限於,網印、印刷、旋塗、狹模塗覆、蘸塗或噴墨。
因此,在包含於OFET中之閘絕緣層(閘介電材料)中,可使用一般為本技藝已知之具有高介電常數之任何絕緣體。其等具體實例可包括,但不限於,鐵電絕緣體,包括Ba0.33Sr0.66TiO3(BST:鈦酸鋇鍶)、Al2O3、Ta2O5、La2O5、Y2O5、或TiO2;無機絕緣體,包括PbZr0.33Ti0.66O3(PZT)、Bi4Ti3O12、BaMgF4、SrBi2(TaNb)2O9、Ba(ZrTi)O3(BZT)、BaTiO3、SrTiO3、Bi4Ti3O12、SiO2、SiNx、或AlON;或有機絕緣體,包括聚醯亞胺、苯并環丁烷(BCB)、聚對二甲苯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯苯酚、聚乙烯吡咯啶(PVP)、丙烯酸酯,如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)及苯并環丁烷(BCB)。該絕緣層可由材料摻合物形成或包含多層狀結構。該介電材料可藉由本技藝已知之熱蒸發、真空加工或層壓技術沈積。或者,該介電材料可利用例如旋塗或噴墨印刷技術及其他溶液沈積技術自溶液沈積。
若將該介電材料自溶液沈積至該有機半導體,則其不應導致該有機半導體溶解。類似地,若將該有機半導體自溶液沈積至該介電材料,該介電材料不應溶解。避免此類溶解之技術包括:使用正交溶劑,即使用用於沈積最上層但不溶解下層及使下層交聯之溶劑。該絕緣層之厚度較佳小於2微米,更佳小於500 nm。
在包含於本發明之OFET中之閘電極及源/汲電極中,可使用常見金屬,其具體實例包括,但不限於,鉑(Pt)、鈀(Pd)、金(Au)、銀(Ag)、銅(Cu)、鋁(Al)、鎳(Ni)。亦可使用合金及氧化物,如三氧化鉬及氧化銦錫(ITO)。較佳,閘、源及汲電極中之至少一者之材料係選自群Cu、Ag、Au或其等合金。源及汲電極可藉由熱蒸發沈積及使用本技藝已知之標準光微影法及剝離技術圖案化。
基板可為剛性或可撓性。剛性基板可選自玻璃或矽及可撓性基板可包含薄玻璃或塑膠,如聚(對苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)、聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醯亞胺、聚降冰片烯及聚醚碸(PES)。
或者,導電聚合物可沈積作為源及汲電極。此類導電聚合物之一實例係聚(伸乙基二氧噻吩)(PEDOT),然而本技藝已知其他導電聚合物。此類導電聚合物可自溶液,使用例如旋塗或噴墨印刷技術及其他溶液沈積技術沈積。為了製造簡易,源及汲電極較佳係由相同材料形成。然而,將瞭解源及汲電極可由不同材料形成以使電荷注入及引出分別最優化。
源及汲電極之常見厚度為例如約10,尤其40奈米至約1微米,更具體厚度為約20,尤其100至約400奈米。
在源與汲電極之間所界定之通道之長度可至長為500微米,但較佳該長度小於200微米,更佳小於100微米,最佳小於20微米。
在裝置架構中可包含其他層。例如,可將自組裝單層(SAM)沈積於閘、源或汲電極、基板、絕緣層及有機半導體材料上,以增進結晶度、降低接觸電阻、修復表面特性及增進有需要處之黏著。用於此類單層之示例性材料包括具有長鏈烷基之氯-或烷氧基-矽烷或膦酸,例如十八烷基三氯矽烷。
製造該有機薄膜電晶體之方法可包含:沈積源及汲電極;將半導體層形成於該源及汲電極上,該半導體層包含DPP聚合物及在該源與汲電極之間之通道區域中之DPP化合物。該有機半導體材料較佳係自溶液沈積。較佳溶液沈積技術包括旋塗及噴墨印刷。其他溶液沈積技術包括蘸塗、輥印刷及網印。
底閘OFET裝置可利用如下說明之方法形成。
1.閘沈積及圖案化(例如,ITO塗覆基板之圖案化)。
2.介電材料沈積及圖案化(例如,可交聯、光可圖案化介電材料)。
3.源-汲材料沈積及圖案化(例如,銀、光微影法)。
4.源-汲表面處理。可藉由將基板蘸入自組裝材料溶液中,或透過自稀釋溶液旋塗來施加表面處理基團。可藉由清洗移除過量(未附接)材料。
5.沈積有機半導體材料(例如,藉由噴墨印刷)。
此技術亦與頂閘裝置相容。於此情況中,首先沈積及圖案化源-汲層。隨後對該源-汲層施加表面處理,然後係有機半導體材料、閘介電材料及閘極沈積。
OFET具有寬範圍的可能應用。一此應用係驅動光學裝置(設備),較佳有機光學裝置中之像素。此類光學裝置之實例包括光響應裝置,特定言之光偵測器,及光發射裝置,特定言之有機發光裝置。高遷移率OTFT特別適合作為供主動矩陣有機發光裝置使用,例如,在顯示器應用中使用之底板。
以下實例僅以說明性目的出示且不限制申請專利範圍之範圍。除非另外說明,否則所有份及百分比係以重量計。
a)將3.48 g化合物[1044589-80-2]溶於200 ml氯仿中及將溶液冷卻至-10℃。隨後添加一滴高氯酸(70%水溶液)及隨後逐份添加0.82 g N-溴-琥珀醯亞胺。將反應混合物在-10℃下攪拌2小時及隨後傾倒於冰水上。藉由氯仿萃取產物。藉由MgSO4乾燥有機相,過濾及移除溶劑。在矽膠層析後獲得如式1之化合物。1H-NMR數據(ppm,CDCl3):8.87 1H d,8.59 1H d,7.63 1H d,7.26 1H dxd,7.21 1H d,4.00 2H d,3.93 2H d,1.89 2H m,1.38-1.14 48H m,0.86 6H t,0.84 6H t。
b)將19.96 g二溴化合物[1000623-98-2]、1.822 g化合物1、7.394 g二酸酯[175361-81-6]、0.027 g乙酸鈀(II)及
0.133 g膦配體[672937-61-0]在氬氣下溶於在反應器中回流之240 ml脫氣四氫呋喃中。隨後添加5.530 g LiOH單水合物[1310-66-3]及繼續回流反應混合物。隨後沉澱反應混合物,過濾及藉由水及甲醇清洗。隨後將濾餅溶於氯仿中及與3% NaCN水溶液一起回流半小時。分離相及藉由水清洗氯仿溶液三次及隨後藉由丙酮使產物自氯仿溶液沉澱出以得到如式P-1之聚合物。該聚合物係藉由高溫GPC特徵化及分子量為23050,Mw/Mn比為1.7。
將1.0042 g二溴化合物[1000623-95-9]、1.1079 g酸酯[479719-88-5]、0.0133 g乙酸鈀(II)及0.0710 g膦配體
[672937-61-0]在氬氣下溶於在反應器中回流之40 ml脫氣四氫呋喃中。隨後添加0.3700 g LiOH單水合物[1310-66-3]及將反應混合物回流20小時。隨後將反應混合物傾倒於冰水上,過濾及藉由水清洗。隨後藉由矽膠柱層析純化經乾燥之濾餅以得到如式A-1之化合物。1H-NMR數據(ppm,CDCl3):8.95 2H d,7.27 4H d,7.21 4H dxd,7.11 4H d,7.04 4H d,4.05 4H m,1.95 2H m,1.48-1.25 16H m,0.95 6H t,0.92 6H t。
藉由30 nm厚金層塗覆可撓性聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)箔片(Mitsubishi Hostaphan GN)。藉由光微影法在金層上製造叉指電極。通道寬度L係10微米及其長度W係10,000微米,獲得1,000之W/L比。隨後藉由丙酮及異丙醇小心清潔基板以移除用於製造電極之任何殘留痕量光阻材料。
溶液A:將0.75%聚合物(P-1,Mw:23,050)在80℃下在4小時內溶於甲苯中。
溶液B:將0.75%化合物(A-1)在50℃下在2小時內溶於甲苯與氯仿(95:5)之混合物中。
將5重量%溶液B與95重量%溶液A混合(=半導體溶液)。
將半導體溶液在空氣(潔淨室)中旋塗於經清潔之可撓性基板上。隨後在加熱板上,在90℃空氣中將該膜乾燥30秒。該旋塗條件(rpm 1500,持續15秒)使得該半導體膜在乾燥後之厚度為50+/-5 nm(厚度藉由Dektak 6M(獲自Veeco)測量)。
介電材料溶液係4%聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)950K(1004084,獲自Allresist)之乙酸丁酯/乳酸乙酯(60/40)溶液。藉由旋塗(rpm=1800,持續30秒)將介電材料溶液施用於乾半導體層上,獲得500 nm+/-10 nm之厚度(乾燥後)。
將介電層在90℃空氣中乾燥2分鐘。介電膜之電容率為7+/- 0.2 nF/cm2。
閘電極係藉由在介電材料上熱蒸發50 nm金製成。蒸發係於高真空(<10-5托)下進行。
OFET之飽和轉移曲線係藉由Keithley 2612A電源電錶測量。在-15 V之閘電壓下所觀察到之電洞遷移率(使用汲電壓=-20 V自飽和轉移曲線計得之6個OFET之平均值)為0.45+/-0.03 cm2/sec*V及亞臨限浮動為低於0.5 V/DEC。亞臨限浮動(越低越佳)係在介電/半導體介面處之陷阱能級之濃度的指示。最佳而言,在室溫下,其可為60 mV/dec。
重複應用實例1,不同的是半導體溶液不含化合物A-1。
在-15 V之閘電壓下所觀察到之電洞遷移率(使用汲電壓=-20 V,自飽和轉移曲線計得之6個OFET之平均值)為0.23+/-0.04 cm2/sec*V及亞臨限浮動小於1 V/DEC。
其中半導體層由聚合物P-1及化合物A-1組成之應用實例1之OFET相較於其中半導體層僅由聚合物P-1組成之對照應用實例1之OFET展現優異可再現性、電洞遷移率及亞臨限浮動。
Claims (17)
- 一種包含閘電極、源電極及汲電極之電子組件或裝置,其中該組件或裝置進一步包含提供在該源電極與汲電極之間之有機半導體(OSC)材料,其中該OSC材料包含 (a)由下式表示之聚合物:,其中R101及R102可相同或不同及係選自氫、C1至C38烷基、C2至C38烯基、C3至C38炔基,其等各可視需要經-O-、-S-或COO間隔一或多次;可經C1至C8烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、CF3及/或F取代一至五次之C7至C100芳烷基;及可視需要經C1至C25烷基、C1至C8烷氧基、鹵素或氰基取代一或多次之苯基; 各A6及A7係獨立地選自,或
- 如請求項1之電子組件或裝置,其中該由式(I)表示之聚合物係如下式之聚合物 ,其中A6及A7係獨立地選自
- 如請求項2之電子組件或裝置,其中該由式(Ia)表示之聚合物係如下式之聚合物 ,其中R101及R102係C1至C38烷基,及n為5至1,000。
- 如請求項1之電子組件或裝置,其中該由式(I)表示之聚合物係如下式之聚合物 ,其中A6及A7係獨立 地選自或,s表示整數1或2;t表示整數1或2; M係選自或,v表示整數1、2或3;R101及R102係C1至C38烷基及n為5至1,000。
- 如請求項4之電子組件或裝置,其中該由式(Ib)表示之聚合物係如下式之聚合物
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之組件或裝置,其中該如式II之化合物係如下式之化合物
- 如請求項6之組件或裝置,其中該如式IIa之化合物係如下式之化合物
- 如請求項7之組件或裝置,其中該由式(I)表示之聚合物係如請求項5所定義之式(Ib-1)之聚合物,且該如式IIa之化合物係如式(IIa-1)之化合物。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之組件或裝置,其中該如式II之化合物係以基於該如式I之聚合物與該如式II之化合物之量之5至95重量%之量包含。
- 一種製備如請求項1至9中任一項之裝置之方法,其特徵在於包含以下步驟:(i)將如請求項1至9中任一項所定義之一或多種如式II之化合物與如式I之聚合物,視需要與溶劑或溶劑混合物混合,(ii)將含有該(等)如式II之化合物及該(等)如式I之聚合物之混合物或該(等)溶劑施用至基板;及視需要蒸發該(等)溶劑以形成固體OSC層。
- 一種有機層,其包含如請求項1所定義之如式I之聚合物及如請求項1所定義之如式II之化合物。
- 如請求項11之有機層,其係半導體層。
- 一種調配物,其包含:(a)如請求項1至7中任一項所定義之如式I之聚合物,(b)如請求項1至7中任一項所定義之如式II之化合物,及(c)溶劑,或溶劑混合物。
- 一種如請求項11或12之有機層在有機半導體裝置中之用途。
- 一種如請求項13之調配物用於製造有機層之用途。
- 如請求項15之用途,其係該有機層係半導體層。
- 一種設備,其包含如請求項1至9中任一項之組件或裝置,或如請求項11或12之有機層。
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