TWI542595B - 製備聯非弗司(biphephos)的方法 - Google Patents
製備聯非弗司(biphephos)的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZDQJPUGJGWAUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxyphenol Chemical group C(CCC)C=1C(=C(C=C(C=1)OC)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC)O)O ZDQJPUGJGWAUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PKAUJJPTOIWMDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxaphosphepine Chemical compound C=1C=CPOOC=1 PKAUJJPTOIWMDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 biaryl compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2,2'-diol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PMGGFTVJVZZSFU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-methyl-1-[[2-[2-[4-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]ethyl]-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl]pyrrolidin-1-ium;diiodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].C1OC(CCC2OC(C[N+]3(C)CCCC3)CO2)OC1C[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PMGGFTVJVZZSFU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRBKEAMVRSLQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 MRBKEAMVRSLQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJEQZVQFEPKLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(C)C DJEQZVQFEPKLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GGRQQHADVSXBQN-FGSKAQBVSA-N carbon monoxide;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O GGRQQHADVSXBQN-FGSKAQBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorfenapyr Chemical compound BrC1=C(C(F)(F)F)N(COCC)C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1C#N CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003260 chlorhexidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DQTRYXANLKJLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorophosphonous acid Chemical compound OP(O)Cl DQTRYXANLKJLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007333 cyanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQCHWTWZEMGIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N metolazone Chemical compound CC1NC2=CC(Cl)=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C2C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1C AQCHWTWZEMGIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65744—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus condensed with carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings or ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於製造氯含量低的6,6’-[(3,3’-二-三級丁基-5,5’-二甲氧基-1,1’-聯苯基-2,2’-二基)雙(氧基)]雙(二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧磷呯(dioxaphosphepine))(縮寫為聯非弗司(biphephos)(參考式1)),之方法。
聯非弗司係配位基,其被廣泛用於過渡金屬催化的反應。例如,聯非弗司用於烯烴之過渡金屬催化的氫胺基甲基化反應(E.Petricci,A.Mann,J.Salvadori,M.Taddei,Tetrahedron Letters 2007,48,8501-8504)、氫氰化反應(US5449807)、氫甲醯化反應(US4769498,CN1986055)、異構化反應(US5440067)和環氫羰化反應(US5962744)。
聯非弗司通常以3個合成步驟製自市售起始物:藉由
令3-三級丁基-4-羥基茴香醚以氧化方式反應得到聯芳基化合物3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯而製得主鏈。欲製造側鏈,三氯化磷與2,2’-二羥基聯苯反應而形成6-氯苯并[d,f][1,3,2]-二氧磷呯(請見式2)。最後,自前述兩個步驟得到的反應產物在鹼存在下彼此縮合而製造聯非弗司。
聯非弗司最廣泛用於丙烯形成正丁醛之氫甲醯化反應。此處,丙烯與氫和一氧化碳在作為觸媒金屬的銠和作為配位基的聯非弗司存在下反應。此反應通常使用鋼製的壓力反應器。該反應器極易因在過渡金屬和元素態氫的存在下由氯離子形成的微量氯化氫而受損。氯離子帶來應力破裂腐蝕的威脅,在較不嚴重的情況中,此造成反應器的過早停工和檢修,但在最嚴重的情況中,會引發反應器爆裂。
可藉由使用嫻於此技術者已知的步驟(如吸收床)來抑制氯離子經由烯烴或合成氣引入。添加觸媒金屬時,建議使用無氯的物種,如甲基己酸銠或Rh(acac)(CO)2。
由於聯非弗司基本上由PCl3形成,特別試圖要儘量
減少所得聯非弗司中的氯含量。在丙烯的氫甲醯化反應中,較高氯含量的關鍵性較低,此由於該方法所須溫度極少發生聯非弗司的分解反應之故。但是,高碳烯烴的氫甲醯化反應通常須要較高溫度,且這些引發聯非弗司的加速分解。此意謂在任何連續操作的氫甲醯化方法中,必須於之後添加未使用過的聯非弗司以補償聯非弗司的持續分解。若聯非弗司包含微量氯化物,則此意謂氯化物會逐漸累積在反應器中,實際上未將氯化物排放至反應器外。因此,氯化物含量的提高明顯提高應力破裂腐蝕的風險。
因此,重要的是,開發可提供氯化物含量低之聯非弗司之製造聯非弗司的方法。氯化物含量可藉簡單的分析方法,例如經由含水測定,進行。最常用的方法測定氯總含量,其不僅包含氯化物,亦包含結合的氯形式。以氯總含量為基礎之測定的另一優點在於其他結合的氯形式也可能損及反應器。但是,在設定總氯含量的臨界值時,氯化物含量仍為決定性因素。5000 ppm總氯可視為最高臨界值,較佳地,製得的聯非弗司應包含低於4000 ppm總氯,特別是低於3000 ppm。同步開發的方法得以進一步降低氯含量。
測定氯總含量的一個適當方法係Wickbold燃燒;試樣根據DIN 51408製造且藉根據DIN EN ISO 10304的離子層析術測定。
J.Am.Chem.Soc.1993,115,2066-2068中,反應期間內製造的氯化氫氣體藉三乙胺清除。該反應在甲苯中進
行,聯非弗司和偶合產物三乙胺氯化氫皆沉澱於甲苯中。須冷卻至-40℃。經由以水清洗,過濾和自乙腈結晶而移除製得的氯化氫。以水清洗製造胺氯化氫的酸性溶液,此須要特定的過濾設備,例如耐腐蝕的赫史特合金製造者。此外,聯非弗司在水中的安定性有限且會水解,此為最終產率低至僅64%的原因。隨著批料規模的提高,與水接觸的時間增加,水解程度亦提高。因此,工業批料規模不建議使用含水操作。
WO2005/063776中,使用包含聚合型離子交換劑的胺鹼達到此目的。該論文中的胺氯化氫係聚合型且可藉過濾得到。產率為50%。承載的離子交換劑之後須在獨立程序步驟中再度活化或須棄置。
在Organometallics 1996,15,835-847中,Rooy等人描述在作為鹼的吡啶存在下,在作為溶劑的四氫呋喃中合成聯非弗司。除非在設備和能量上投注極高成本,否則工業上無法達到所述的唯一反應溫度,-50℃。但是,該方法的優點在於胺氯化氫偶合產物實質上沈澱且可經由過濾而自含聯非弗司的溶液移除。之後必須以大量能量驅除溶劑。藉由添加乙腈,產物沈澱並於之後再度過濾。此產率明顯優於兩個前述方法,為79%。此方法的缺點為:a)除非在能量和設備上投注大量成本,否則無法達到-50℃的極低溫度,b)THF和吡啶之蒸餾須要能量、適當設備、和時間,和c)雙重過濾須要高操作成本和消耗設備容量。
此外,申請人進行的一些研究顯示溫度高於-50℃造
成形成較多與聯非弗司異構的化合物,特別是式3的異構物。
EP0577042改良該方法,此反應於-5℃在甲苯中進行。根據EP0577042,吡啶氯化氫沉澱於甲苯中,但聯非弗司留在溶液中。之後藉蒸餾移除甲苯,且使用乙腈沈澱聯非弗司,並藉蒸餾移除溶劑。此處同樣須要雙重過濾。此外,一些研究顯示此方法僅提供個位數百分比範圍內之非常低的產率,此因大部分的聯非弗司沉澱於甲苯中且因過濾而與吡啶氯化氫一起被移除和丟棄之故。
因此,本發明的目的係開發低成本合成法,其易以用於聯非弗司的工業規模實行且提供低於5000 ppm之氯總含量低和高產率的聯非弗司,且其不須含水操作。
經由藉3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯與6-氯二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧磷呯之反應而製造聯非弗司之方法達到該目的,其特徵在於反應發生於包含乙腈的溶劑混合物中。
此處的“溶劑混合物”不僅是指二或更多種不同溶劑(其中之一是乙腈)之混合物,也是指純乙腈。根據本發明之方法的一個較佳具體實施例,以溶劑總量計,溶劑混合物包含至少40重量%,較佳至少50重量%,更佳至少60重量%,又更佳至少70重量%,最佳80重量%,乙腈。反應亦可在純乙腈(包含95至100重量%乙腈的溶劑)中進行。
以溶劑總量計,該溶劑混合物可包含高至60重量%,較佳高至50重量%,更佳高至40重量%,又更佳高至30重量%,最佳高至20重量%,其他溶劑。該其他溶劑可較佳地選自甲苯、鄰-二甲苯、正庚烷、乙酸乙酯、碳酸丙二酯和彼等之混合物,較佳者係甲苯、鄰-二甲苯、正庚烷、乙酸乙酯和彼等之混合物。
根據本發明之方法的一個較佳具體實施例,該反應在鹼存在下進行,較佳於吡啶或正丁基二甲胺存在下進行。
此處的“溶劑”僅是指確實作為溶劑的物質,即,在反應混合物中於23℃為液體且本身不會與起始物3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯與6-氯二苯并
[d,f][1,3,2]二氧磷呯或與產物聯非弗司之進行任何化學反應的成分。溶劑的例子因此特別係乙腈、甲苯、鄰-二甲苯、正庚烷、乙酸乙酯和碳酸丙二酯。相反地,不欲將具有鹼性作用的吡啶、三乙胺和類似化合物視為溶劑。
已發現特別在作為鹼的吡啶和作為溶劑的乙腈存在下,如前述地製造聯非弗司特別有利。使用此組合時,能夠使用簡單的鹽水冷卻,即,高於水和氯化鈉之共熔混合物的結晶溫度,令6-氯二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧磷呯2與3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯反應以形成聯非弗司及之後藉過濾得到產物。欲提高庫存壽命,亦可任意地以惰性溶劑(如正庚烷)清洗產物。此典型地提供超過80%所得產物產率,其包含低於5000 ppm氯化物,較佳低於4000 ppm,且特別佳低於3000 ppm。
使用吡啶時,溫度可明顯高於Rooy等人使用的方法(參見上文)中之使用三乙胺的情況。此外,吡啶鹽酸鹽在乙腈(在該合成中作為溶劑)中之溶解度極佳,並留在溶劑中,而聯非弗司不溶於乙腈並因此而沈澱。因此,在分離和乾燥之後,可得到氯總含量明顯低於5000 ppm,較佳低於4000 ppm,且特別佳低於3000 ppm,的聯非弗司。藉Wickbold燃燒法測定氯總含量的樣品製備係根據DIN 51408,而測定係根據DIN EN ISO 10304(藉離子層析術)。
此反應可以有利地在比水和氯化鈉之共熔混合物的結晶溫度高至多10℃的溫度範圍內進行。根據本發明之方法
的一個較佳具體實施例,反應係在高於-10℃至5℃的溫度範圍內進行。
反應完全時,可分離所得固體。用於此處的典型方法係過濾及,任意地,乾燥藉過濾得到的固體。較佳地,在任意乾燥藉過濾得到的固體之前,其在適用於此目的的溶劑中再淤漿化,任意地在相同溶劑中重覆或在各種適當溶劑中重覆淤漿化,並過濾。淤漿化程序的適當溶劑係乙腈、碳酸丙二酯、正庚烷和烴。該烴中,較佳者係C5-C12-烴和(環)烷。
此聯非弗司可經再結晶以進一步純化。在根據本發明之方法的一個較佳具體實施例中,用以達到此之方法,在起始物反應完全之後及任意地在分離固態產物之後,該主要由聯非弗司所構成的固體溶解(較佳地同時加熱)於無乙腈的溶劑或溶劑混合物中,藉過濾移除不溶的成分(較佳於溫度高至130℃),及聯非弗司經由冷卻溶劑或溶劑混合物而沉澱或結晶。此聯非弗司可於之後被分離,較佳係藉過濾而得到且,任意地,乾燥藉過濾而得到的純產物。得到主要由聯非弗司所構成之固體在無乙腈的溶劑或溶劑混合物中之典型方法係加熱該溶劑或溶劑混合物。之後可冷卻至室溫或更低溫度。
前述方法與先前技術中描述的變體比較時,其投注於設備和能量的成本較低且較不費時。此方法的優點為:- 反應可以一般鹽水冷卻進行,- 可達到高於80%的高產率,
- 無須再結晶,所得聯非弗司的氯含量低於3000 ppm,和- 無含水分離純化(work-up)。
本發明另提供一種乙腈於製造聯非弗司之方法中作為溶劑或溶劑混合物之成分之用途。根據本發明之用途的一個較佳具體實施例中,3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯與6-氯二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧磷呯在溶劑乙腈或包含乙腈的溶劑混合物中反應。
於套手工作箱中在250毫升Schlenk瓶中之在110毫升乙腈(Fluka)中的17.5克(0.063莫耳)氯化次磷酸酯(phosphorochloridite)2,根據DE-A102008043584製造,作為初進料置。亦根據EP35965製造10.4克(0.028莫耳)3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯。此溶於17毫升(16.4克,0.204莫耳)吡啶中並引至100毫升滴液漏斗中。此置於Schlenk瓶上。自套手工作箱移出此設備,Schlenk瓶冷卻至-10℃。之後,在2.5小時期間內,將此聯酚/吡啶溶液逐滴加至劇烈攪拌的該混合物中,之後固體沈澱。一旦完成添加,混合物持續於-10℃攪拌隔夜。之後,在惰性氣體下,以G3玻料藉過濾得到固體。之後,此固體在惰性氣體下在玻料上在30毫升乙腈中淤漿化,混合物再度過濾。無色固體於10^-1毫巴乾燥16小
時,之後分析。所得聯非弗司的量是19.92克(理論值的87.3%)。其氯總含量為2500 ppm(±100 ppm)(分析方法:Wickbold燃燒法,根據DIN 51480和DIN EN ISO 10304)。
121克氯化次磷酸酯2(80%於甲苯中)溶於530克乙腈中並冷卻至-5℃。63克3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯溶於101克吡啶中並緩慢地計量加至氯化次磷酸酯溶液中,此時,反應溶液持續冷卻至-5℃。一旦完成添加,持續攪拌2小時。藉抽氣濾器得到沉澱的產物,其先後以80毫升乙腈和100毫升正庚烷清洗,並於真空乾燥箱中乾燥。此得到114克(理論值的83%)聯非弗司,其氯總含量為1500 ppm(±100 ppm)(分析方法:Wickbold燃燒法,根據DIN 51480和DIN EN ISO 10304)。
Claims (10)
- 一種藉3,3’-三級丁基-2,2’-二羥基-5,5’-二甲氧基聯苯與6-氯二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧磷呯(dioxaphosphepine)的反應以製造低於5000ppm之低氯含量的聯非弗司(biphephos)之方法,其特徵在於該反應在鹼的存在下在包含至少40重量%乙腈的溶劑混合物中進行;且該方法提供高於80%的聯非弗司產率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該溶劑混合物包含至少50重量%之乙腈。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該溶劑混合物包含至多60重量%之其他溶劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該其他溶劑係選自甲苯、鄰-二甲苯、正庚烷、乙酸乙酯、碳酸丙二酯和彼等之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該反應在吡啶存在下進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該反應在比水和氯化鈉之共熔混合物的結晶溫度高至多+10℃的溫度範圍內進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該反應在高於-10℃至+5℃的溫度範圍內進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中在反應完全時,藉由過濾而分離出所得固體,及,任意地,乾燥該藉由過濾得到的固體。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中一旦藉過濾得到固體,其在適用於此目的的溶劑中再度淤漿化,任意地在相同溶劑中重覆淤漿化或在各種適當溶劑中重覆淤漿化,且在經任意乾燥之前,藉過濾而得到。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中在反應完全且任意分離完全時,主要由聯非弗司所構成的固體溶於無乙腈的溶劑或溶劑混合物中,藉過濾移除不溶的成分,及聯非弗司經由冷卻溶劑或溶劑混合物而結晶或沉澱,且之後藉由過濾而分離,其中該藉由過濾得到的聯非弗司經任意乾燥。
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JPH1053595A (ja) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-02-24 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | アリールホスファイト類及びその製造方法 |
US5962744A (en) | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-05 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Process for hydrocarbonylations in supercritical carbon dioxide |
DE10053272A1 (de) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-08 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Neue Bisphosphitverbindungen und deren Metallkomplexe |
DE10360772A1 (de) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-28 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Organoacylphosphiten |
DE10360771A1 (de) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-28 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreiwertigen Organophosphor-Verbindungen |
CN1986055B (zh) | 2006-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 一种丙烯氢甲酰化催化体系和方法 |
DE102008043584A1 (de) | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-12 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-Chlorodibenzo(d,f) (1,3,2)-dioxaphosphepin |
DE102008043582A1 (de) | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-12 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-Chlorodibenzo(d,f) (1,3,2)-dioxaphosphepin |
DE102011002640B4 (de) * | 2011-01-13 | 2021-10-07 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von Biphephos |
-
2011
- 2011-01-13 DE DE201110002639 patent/DE102011002639A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-22 SG SG2013053590A patent/SG191953A1/en unknown
- 2011-12-22 CN CN201180065013.1A patent/CN103370328B/zh active Active
- 2011-12-22 BR BR112013017896-5A patent/BR112013017896B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-22 MY MYPI2013002663A patent/MY193184A/en unknown
- 2011-12-22 ES ES11807920.1T patent/ES2590154T3/es active Active
- 2011-12-22 US US13/979,548 patent/US9127030B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-22 MX MX2013007828A patent/MX336307B/es unknown
- 2011-12-22 WO PCT/EP2011/073762 patent/WO2012095253A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-12-22 EP EP11807920.1A patent/EP2663573B1/de active Active
- 2011-12-22 JP JP2013548772A patent/JP5868425B2/ja active Active
- 2011-12-22 KR KR1020137018213A patent/KR101761455B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2012
- 2012-01-10 TW TW101100921A patent/TWI542595B/zh active
- 2012-01-13 AR ARP120100117 patent/AR084847A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2663573B1 (de) | 2016-06-22 |
BR112013017896A8 (pt) | 2019-06-25 |
BR112013017896A2 (pt) | 2016-10-11 |
KR20140030127A (ko) | 2014-03-11 |
EP2663573A1 (de) | 2013-11-20 |
AR084847A1 (es) | 2013-06-26 |
JP5868425B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 |
MY193184A (en) | 2022-09-26 |
SG191953A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 |
US20130324756A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US9127030B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 |
WO2012095253A1 (de) | 2012-07-19 |
ES2590154T3 (es) | 2016-11-18 |
JP2014510028A (ja) | 2014-04-24 |
CN103370328A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
KR101761455B1 (ko) | 2017-07-25 |
ZA201305972B (en) | 2014-04-30 |
TW201242973A (en) | 2012-11-01 |
DE102011002639A1 (de) | 2012-07-19 |
BR112013017896B1 (pt) | 2019-08-20 |
CN103370328B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
MX336307B (es) | 2016-01-14 |
MX2013007828A (es) | 2013-09-06 |
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