TWI530055B - 恆溫器電池再充電 - Google Patents

恆溫器電池再充電 Download PDF

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TWI530055B
TWI530055B TW104120386A TW104120386A TWI530055B TW I530055 B TWI530055 B TW I530055B TW 104120386 A TW104120386 A TW 104120386A TW 104120386 A TW104120386 A TW 104120386A TW I530055 B TWI530055 B TW I530055B
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power
hvac
circuit
thermostat
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丹尼爾 亞當 瓦倫
雨果 菲奈斯
強那森 艾倫 杜特拉
大衛 貝爾
安東尼 麥可 法朵
馬修 李 羅傑斯
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咕果公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0084—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
    • B01D46/0086—Filter condition indicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/56—Remote control
    • F24F11/58—Remote control using Internet communication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/0265—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric the criterion being a learning criterion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/22—Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel
    • H01R9/24—Terminal blocks
    • H01R9/2416—Means for guiding or retaining wires or cables connected to terminal blocks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/39—Monitoring filter performance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
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    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F24F11/47—Responding to energy costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/56—Remote control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/61—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication using timers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
    • F24F2120/10—Occupancy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
    • F24F2120/20—Feedback from users
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2130/00—Control inputs relating to environmental factors not covered by group F24F2110/00
    • F24F2130/40—Noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/60—Energy consumption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
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Description

恆溫器電池再充電
本發明大體上係關於用於加熱通風及空調(HVAC)系統之控制系統。更特定而言，本發明之實施例係關於具有無跨接線設計及/或隔離電路之恆溫器。
本申請案係在中華民國(臺灣)以Nest Labs,Inc.(美國國家公司)之名義申請，其中附名發明者人Daniel Adam WARREN(美國公民)、Hugo FIENNES(英國公民)、Jonathon Alan DUTRA(美國公民)、David BELL(美國公民)、Anthony Michael FADELL(美國公民)，及Matthew Lee ROGERS(美國公民)。
本申請案主張2010年11月19日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/415,771號、2010年12月31日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/429,093號及2011年2月24日申請之美國申請案第13/034,678號的優先權。
為吾人所知的是，例如，如來自Honeywell(1997年)之名為「電力竊用恆溫器(Power Stealing Thermostats)」的技術公開案第50-8433號中所論述，早期恆溫器使用雙金屬條帶以感測溫度且回應於房間中之溫度改變。雙金屬條帶之移動用以直接地斷開及閉合電路。每當觸點閉合時，電力遞送至機電致動器(通常為HVAC設備中之繼電器或接觸器)，以將加熱及/或冷卻提供至受控制空間。因為此等恆溫器不需要電力以進行操作，所以配線連接極簡單。僅一個導線連接至變壓器 且另一導線連接至負載。通常，24 VAC電力供應變壓器、恆溫器及24 VAC HVAC設備繼電器皆以環路進行連接，其中每一器件需要僅兩個外部連接。
當電子件開始用於恆溫器中時，恆溫器未直接地配線至變壓器之兩個側以獲得其電源的事實產生一問題。此意謂恆溫器必須具有其自己的獨立電源(諸如，電池)，或自系統變壓器直接地硬配線。將「共同」導線自變壓器直接硬配線至電子恆溫器可極困難且昂貴。然而，使用電池以用於提供操作電力亦存在缺點。一個主要缺點為需要不斷地檢查及替換電池。若電池未被適當地替換且不能提供足夠電力，則電子恆溫器在極端環境條件之週期期間可失效。
因為許多住戶不具有來自系統變壓器之直接導線(諸如，「共同」導線)，所以一些恆溫器已經設計成經由設備負載而自變壓器取得電力。用於用與變壓器之單一直接導線連接而自變壓器對電子恆溫器供電的方法被稱作「電力竊用」或「電力共用」。在加熱或冷卻系統之「關斷」週期期間，恆溫器藉由允許少量電流通過恆溫器而流動至低於回應臨限值(甚至處於最大變壓器輸出電壓)之負載線圈中來「竊用」、「共用」或「收穫」其電力。在加熱或冷卻系統之「接通」週期期間，恆溫器藉由允許橫越其自身之小電壓降來汲取電力。有希望地，電壓降將不造成負載線圈壓降至低於其回應臨限值(甚至處於最小變壓器輸出電壓)。具有電力竊用能力之恆溫器的實例包括Honeywell T8600、Honeywell T8400C，及Emerson Model 1F97-0671。然而，此等系統不具有電力儲存構件，且因此總是依賴於電力竊用或必須使用拋棄式電池。
美國專利第4,174,807號論述在用於加熱及/或空調系統之自動循環控制電路中可再充電電池之使用。然而，電池僅用於電力失效之事件中且接著僅用以阻止數位時鐘及計時序列程式被中斷。
美國專利第6,566,768號及美國專利5,903,139論述結合用以儲存電力之電容器的電力竊用之使用。然而，所論述系統缺乏自具有兩個電力變壓器之HVAC系統(諸如，當隨後升級現有HVAC加熱系統以添加空調且安裝第二電力變壓器的狀況)進行電力竊用的能力。另外，所論述系統不具有對電池充電之能力。
根據一些實施例，提供一種用於控制一HVAC系統中之一或多個HVAC功能的恆溫器。該恆溫器包括：一可再充電電池；充電電路，其經調適及配置以對該電池再充電；及控制電路，其經調適及配置以使用來自該可再充電電池之電力來控制該一或多個HVAC功能。根據一些實施例，該恆溫器亦包括電力收穫電路，該電力收穫電路經調適及配置以在無共同導線可用於該恆溫器之狀況下自該HVAC系統收穫電力，及將電力供應至該充電電路以用於對該電池再充電。
該電力收穫電路經較佳地調適及配置以自在兩個或兩個以上可用電源當中之一電源自動地選擇收穫電力。根據一些實施例，該電力收穫電路經調適及配置以在該等HVAC功能處於作用中或非作用中之時間期間自該等HVAC功能之一電路收穫電力。在一HVAC功能處於作用中時自該HVAC功能之一電路的電力收穫期間，根據一些實施例，該電力收穫電路對一或多個電容性及/或磁性元件重複地充電及放電以儲存電能以供該恆溫器中之該充電電路及/或其他操作使用。該電力收穫電路可包括經調適及配置以迅速地斷開及閉合控制該一或多個HVAC功能之一或多個電路的固態切換組件及電路。
根據一些實施例，該充電電路經調適以對該電池充電，使得較長循環壽命比較高充電容量較佳，諸如，控制充電電流對總容量之比率，及/或限制浮動電壓。
如本文所使用，術語電力「收穫」、「共用」及「竊用」在意指 HVAC恆溫器時皆意指經設計成經由設備負載而自電力變壓器取得電力而不使用直接地來自變壓器之直接或共同導線來源的恆溫器。
如本文所使用，術語「HVAC」包括提供加熱及冷卻兩者、僅提供加熱、僅提供冷卻之系統，以及提供其他居住者舒適性及/或調節功能性(諸如，增濕、除濕及通風)之系統。
如本文所使用，術語「恆溫器」包括用於控制HVAC系統之至少某一態樣的任何器件、器具及/或系統。雖然極普遍的是使恆溫器主要地基於溫度而控制HVAC系統，但該術語包括(例如)基於諸如濕度之其他參數而控制HVAC系統的控制器件。
如本文所使用，術語「居住用」在意指HVAC系統時意謂適於加熱、冷卻及/或以其他方式調節主要地用作單家庭住宅之建築物之內部的HVAC系統類型。將被視為居住用之冷卻系統的實例將具有小於約5冷凍噸(1冷凍噸=12,000Btu/h)之冷卻能力。
如本文所使用，術語「輕型商業用」在意指HVAC系統時意謂適於加熱、冷卻及/或以其他方式調節主要地用於商業目的但具有居住用HVAC系統被視為合適之大小及建構之建築物之內部的HVAC系統類型。將被視為居住用之冷卻系統的實例將具有小於約5冷凍噸之冷卻能力。
如本文所使用，術語「共同導線」在意指HVAC系統時意指除了至變壓器之電力或迴路導線以外的來自HVAC電力變壓器之直接導線。因此，可自包括共同導線及電力或迴路導線之電路汲取電力，而無開啟或關閉用於操作各種HVAC系統之繼電器、開關及/或接觸器的風險，此係因為彼等切換構件未串聯於此電路中。
如本文所使用，術語「無聲」或「無聲地」在意指恆溫器操作及/或控制時意謂藉由恆溫器產生之任何聲音在大於1公尺之範圍處通常不能為人耳所聽到。
應瞭解，此等系統及方法係新穎的，其應用以及其中所使用及包括之組件、系統、方法及演算法中之許多者亦係新穎的。應瞭解，目前所描述之發明性工作本體的實施例可以眾多方式予以實施，包括實施為程序、裝置、系統、器件、方法、電腦可讀媒體、計算演算法、嵌入式或分散式軟體及/或其組合。下文描述若干說明性實施例。
100‧‧‧圍封體/單家庭住房
110‧‧‧恆溫器
120‧‧‧加熱通風及空調(HVAC)系統
230‧‧‧外部壓縮機
234‧‧‧冷卻線圈
236‧‧‧管線
238‧‧‧風扇
240‧‧‧空氣處置器
242‧‧‧加熱線圈或元件
246‧‧‧返回空氣管道
250‧‧‧供應空氣護柵
252‧‧‧供應空氣管道系統
254‧‧‧增濕器
260‧‧‧變壓器
262‧‧‧變壓器
264‧‧‧HVAC配線
270‧‧‧頭部單元
272‧‧‧主處理器
274‧‧‧儲存器
276‧‧‧區域無線網路連接
278‧‧‧顯示與使用者介面
282‧‧‧可再充電電池
284‧‧‧電力管理子系統
286‧‧‧背板
300‧‧‧電路
310‧‧‧隔離型FET驅動件
312‧‧‧HVAC端子
314‧‧‧W1端子
320‧‧‧MCU/微控制器
322‧‧‧HVAC控制通用輸入/輸出(GPIO)
330‧‧‧溫度感測器
332‧‧‧濕度感測器
334‧‧‧其他感測器
336‧‧‧電路
338‧‧‧頭部單元偵測
340‧‧‧頭部單元介面
342‧‧‧時鐘
344‧‧‧電力輸入
350‧‧‧電力電路
360‧‧‧高電壓降壓
362‧‧‧共同/連接器
364‧‧‧加熱/連接器
366‧‧‧冷卻/連接器
368‧‧‧電路
380‧‧‧高電壓低壓降電壓調節器(LDO)/自舉LDO
382‧‧‧初級LDO/電池LDO
384‧‧‧可再充電電池
410‧‧‧次級導體對/開關
412‧‧‧次級導體對/開關
420‧‧‧電路路徑
422‧‧‧電路路徑
424‧‧‧電路路徑
426‧‧‧電路路徑
428‧‧‧電路路徑
430‧‧‧電路路徑
454‧‧‧次級導體對/開關
460‧‧‧電力收穫電路
462‧‧‧Rc導線/輸入
464‧‧‧輸入
500‧‧‧電路
502‧‧‧輸入
504‧‧‧輸入
506‧‧‧輸入
520a‧‧‧箝位二極體
520b‧‧‧箝位二極體
520c‧‧‧箝位二極體
530‧‧‧感測輸出
532‧‧‧感測輸出
534‧‧‧感測輸出
550‧‧‧感測偏壓輸入緩衝器
610‧‧‧高電壓降壓電路
612‧‧‧輸入電容器
614‧‧‧輸入電容器
616‧‧‧輸入電容器
620‧‧‧輸入切換電力供應節點
624‧‧‧經整流輸入
630‧‧‧步降轉換器
632‧‧‧二極體
642‧‧‧電感器
660‧‧‧輸入
662‧‧‧低壓降調節器
670‧‧‧調節器
680‧‧‧自舉LDO電路/自舉停用信號
690‧‧‧輸出電力
700‧‧‧電池充電電路
710‧‧‧充電器
720‧‧‧背板電壓
730‧‧‧電路
732‧‧‧電阻器
734‧‧‧電阻器
728‧‧‧高電力
736‧‧‧電阻器
738‧‧‧雙電流
750‧‧‧鋰離子電池/可再充電電池
AUX‧‧‧端子
E‧‧‧端子
G‧‧‧端子
O/B‧‧‧端子
W1‧‧‧端子
W2‧‧‧端子
Y1‧‧‧端子
Y2‧‧‧端子
圖1為根據一些實施例的具有HVAC系統之圍封體之圖解；圖2為根據一些實施例的HVAC系統之圖解；圖3為根據一些實施例的恆溫器之某一電路之方塊圖；圖4A至圖4C示意性地說明根據一些實施例的用以自動地選擇用於電力收穫之來源的自動切換連接器之使用；圖5為根據一些實施例的半橋式感測電路之示意圖；圖6A至圖6B為根據一些實施例的展示高電壓降壓、自舉LDO及電池LDO電力電路之示意圖；及圖7展示根據一些實施例的電池充電電路及可再充電電池。
藉由結合隨附圖式參考以下詳細描述將易於理解發明性工作本體。
本專利說明書之標的係與各自以引用之方式併入本文中的以下共同讓渡之申請案的標的有關：2010年9月14日申請之美國申請案第12/881,430號；2010年9月14日申請之美國申請案第12/881,463號；2010年11月19日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/415,771號；2010年12月31日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/429,093號；2011年1月4日申請之美國申請案第12/984,602號；2011年1月10日申請之美國申請案第12/987,257號；2011年2月23日申請之美國申請案第13/033,573號； 2011年2月23日申請之美國申請案第29/386,021號；2011年2月24日申請之美國申請案第13/034,666號；2011年2月24日申請之美國申請案第13/034,674號；2011年2月24日申請之美國申請案第13/034,678號；2011年3月1日申請之美國申請案第13/038,191號；2011年3月1日申請之美國申請案第13/038,206號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,609號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,614號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,617號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,618號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,621號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,623號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,625號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,627號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,630號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,632號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,633號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,636號；2011年8月16日申請之美國申請案第29/399,637號；2011年8月17日申請之美國申請案第13/199,108號；2011年10月6日申請之美國申請案第13/267,871號；2011年10月6日申請之美國申請案第13/267,877號；2011年10月7日申請之美國申請案第13/269,501號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,096號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,097號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,098號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,099號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,101號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,103號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,104號；2011年10月14日申請之美國申請案第29/404,105號；2011年10月17日申請之美國申請案第13/275,307號；2011年10月17日申請之美國申請案第13/275,311號；2011年10月17日申請之美國申請案第13/317,423號；2011年10月21日 申請之美國申請案第13/279,151號；2011年10月21日申請之美國申請案第13/317,557號；及2011年10月21日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/627,996號。
本文提供發明性工作本體之詳細描述。雖然描述若干實施例，但應理解，發明性工作本體不限於任一實施例，而是涵蓋眾多替代例、修改及等效物。另外，雖然在以下描述中闡述眾多特定細節以便提供對發明性工作本體之詳盡理解，但亦可在無此等細節中之一些或全部的情況下實踐一些實施例。此外，出於清晰性之目的，尚未詳細地描述在有關技術中已知之特定技術材料，以便避免不必要地混淆發明性工作本體。
圖1為根據一些實施例的具有HVAC系統之圍封體之圖解。在此實例中，圍封體100為單家庭住宅。根據其他實施例，圍封體可為(例如)聯式房屋、在公寓建築物內之公寓、諸如辦公室或零售店之輕型商業用結構，或為以上各者之組合的結構或圍封體。恆溫器110控制HVAC系統120，如下文將進一步詳細地所論述。根據一些實施例，HVAC系統120具有小於約5噸之冷卻能力。
圖2為根據一些實施例的HVAC系統之圖解。HVAC系統120提供用於圍封體(諸如，圖1所描繪之單家庭住房100)之加熱、冷卻、通風及/或空氣處置。系統120描繪強制空氣型加熱系統，但根據其他實施例，可使用其他類型之系統，諸如，循環加熱、地面輻射加熱、熱泵，等等。在加熱時，空氣處置器240內之加熱線圈或元件242使用電或氣體經由管線236而提供熱來源。藉由風扇238經由返回空氣管道246而自圍封體汲取冷空氣且藉由加熱線圈或元件242加熱冷空氣。經加熱空氣在一或多個部位處經由供應空氣管道系統252及供應空氣護柵(諸如，護柵250)而流回至圍封體中。在冷卻時，外部壓縮機230將諸如氟氯烷之氣體傳遞通過熱交換器線圈集合以冷卻該氣體。氣體接 著去往空氣處置器240中之冷卻線圈234，其中氣體膨脹、冷卻，且冷卻經由風扇238而循環通過圍封體之空氣。根據一些實施例，亦提供增濕器254。儘管圖2中未圖示，但根據一些實施例，HVAC系統具有其他已知功能性(諸如，將空氣排放至外部及自外部排放空氣)，及用以控制管道系統內之空氣流的一或多個阻尼器。
恆溫器110經由數個控制電路而控制HVAC系統120。詳言之，常常存在用於加熱及冷卻之分離控制系統。加熱系統可包括控制氣體至爐之流動的低電壓(例如，24 VAC)操作型氣閥；冷卻系統包括具有控制壓縮機之能量供給之低電壓線圈及高電壓觸點的接觸器；且循環系統包括具有控制使經調節空氣循環之風扇之能量供給之低電壓線圈及高電壓觸點的風扇繼電器。用於對此等低電壓操作型器件進行能量供給之電力係藉由用於加熱及冷卻兩者之單一變壓器260提供，或藉由兩個分離變壓器260及262提供，變壓器260係用於加熱且變壓器262係用於冷卻。常常，當將加熱及冷卻系統作為完整單元而安裝時，提供單一變壓器。若將冷卻系統添加至現有加熱系統，則有時使用額外變壓器。
根據一些實施例，恆溫器110分裂成兩個零件：頭部單元270，及背板286。頭部單元270含有主處理器272、儲存器274(諸如，快閃儲存器)、區域無線網路連接276，及顯示與使用者介面278。亦包括環境感測器，諸如，溫度、濕度及/或壓力。亦包括可再充電電池282及電力管理子系統284，如本文將進一步詳細地所描述。頭部單元270可由使用者移除，且可連接至電腦以供組態。
背板286安裝於壁上且與HVAC配線264建立介面連接。背板286將電力提供至頭部單元270且亦促進附接式HVAC系統之控制，該控制在圖2中為加熱及冷卻，但可包括諸如增濕、除濕及通風之其他功能。根據一些實施例，背板286亦包括蜂巢式無線介面。本文將進一 步詳細地描述背板286內之組件。
圖3為根據一些實施例的恆溫器之某一電路之方塊圖。根據一些實施例，電路300為恆溫器之背板。數個HVAC導線可使用HVAC端子312而附接。HVAC端子312之一實例為W1端子314。每一端子用以控制一HVAC功能。根據一些實施例，來自端子W1、W2、Y1、Y2、G、O/B、AUX及E之導線中每一者連接至在310內之分離隔離型FET驅動件。用於該等端子中每一者之普遍HVAC功能為：W1及W2用於加熱；Y1及Y2用於冷卻；G用於風扇；O/B用於熱泵；及E用於緊急加熱。應注意，儘管電路300能夠使用隔離型FET驅動件310來控制8個功能，但根據一些實施例，可控制其他功能或較少功能。舉例而言，用於較簡單裝備之HVAC系統的電路可僅具有單一加熱(W)及單一冷卻(Y)以及一風扇(G)，在該狀況下，將僅存在三個隔離型FET驅動件310。根據一較佳實施例，提供5個FET驅動件310，即，加熱(W)、冷卻(Y)、風扇(G)、輔助(AUX)及壓縮機方向(O/B)。未圖示諸如RH(用於加熱之迴路)及RC(用於冷卻之迴路)之電路迴路。根據一些實施例，恆溫器可控制增濕器及/或除濕器。名為「用於與加熱通風及空調系統連接之恆溫器電路(Thermostat Circuitry for Connection to HVAC Systems)」的同在申請中之美國專利申請案第13/034,674號中描述與隔離型FET驅動件310有關之另外細節，該專利申請案與本申請案在同一日期申請且以引用之方式併入本文中。
HVAC功能受到微控制器(MCU)320內之HVAC控制通用輸入/輸出(GPIO)322控制。MCU 320為通用微控制器，諸如，可購自Texas Instruments之MSP430 16位元超低電力MCU。MCU 320經由頭部單元介面340而與頭部單元通信。頭部單元連同背板一起構成恆溫器。頭部單元具有使用者介面能力，使得其可經由LCD顯示器而向使用者顯示資訊且經由按鈕及/或觸控螢幕輸入器件而自使用者接收輸入。根 據一些實施例，頭部單元具有用於在本端或經由網際網路而與其他器件通信之網路能力。舉例而言，經由此網路能力，恆溫器可發送資訊且自位於圍封體之內部或外部之別處的電腦接收命令及設定。MCU經由頭部單元偵測338而偵測頭部單元是否附接至背板。
時鐘342將低頻率時鐘信號(例如，32.768kHz)提供至MCU 320。根據一些實施例，存在兩個晶體振盪器，一個晶體振盪器係用於高頻率(諸如，16MHz)且一個晶體振盪器係用於較低頻率。在電力輸入344處以3.0V供應用於MCU 320之電力。電路336提供配線偵測、電池量測及降壓輸入量測。提供溫度感測器330，且根據一些實施例，提供濕度感測器332。根據一些實施例，提供一或多個其他感測器334，諸如：壓力、近接度(例如，使用紅外線)、周圍光，及熱電紅外線(PIR)。
提供電力電路350以供應電力。根據一些實施例，當恆溫器首先以不足電池電力開啟時，提供自舉電力系統。高電壓低壓降電壓調節器(LDO)380提供3.0伏特之電力以用於MCU 320之自舉。可在MCU控制下停用自舉功能，但根據一些實施例，保持啟用自舉功能以在頭部單元供應出於任何原因而消失時提供「安全網(safety net)」。舉例而言，若頭部單元包括可再充電電池384且被意外地移除，則電力將丟失且自舉功能將操作。至此自舉LDO 380之輸入係藉由連接器及電路368提供，電路368自共同362(最高優先權)、冷卻366(較低優先權)或加熱(最低優先權)364自動地選擇電力。
在正常操作中，3.0伏特初級LDO 382對背板電路供電且其自身係藉由VCC幹線供電。根據一些實施例，高電壓降壓360係作為第二供應器而提供於背板中。至此供應器之輸入為電路368。根據一些實施例，高電壓降壓360可以4.5v供應100mA之最大值。根據一些實施例，在不存在替代電源(諸如，高電壓降壓或USB電力)之狀況下， VCC幹線及初級LDO 382可藉由可再充電電池(圖7所示)供電。
圖4A至圖4C示意性地說明根據一些實施例的用以自動地選擇用於電力收穫之來源的自動切換連接器之使用。連接器362、364及366為如圖3所示之連接器。對於關於較佳自動切換連接器之另外細節，見名為「恆溫器配線連接器(Thermostat Wiring Connector)」的同在申請中之美國專利申請案第13/034,666號，該專利申請案與本申請案在同一日期申請且以引用之方式併入本文中。連接器362用於連接至HVAC「C」(共同)導線且包括兩個切換式通常閉合次級導體對410及412。連接器366用於連接至HVAC「Y」(冷卻)導線且包括一個切換式通常閉合次級導體對454。連接器364用於連接至HVAC「W」(加熱)導線。應注意，儘管圖4A至圖4C中未圖示，但一或多個額外切換式次級導體對可用連接器362、366及364中任一者予以提供，諸如，可用於電子地偵測至該連接器之HVAC系統導線之存在的目的。電力收穫電路460用以將電力供應至恆溫器且亦連接至Rc導線462(或根據其他實施例，Rh導線)。舉例而言，電力收穫電路460可包括HV降壓360及自舉LDO 380，如圖3及圖6A至圖6B所示及關於圖3及圖6A至圖6B所描述。
圖4A展示當無C導線及無Y導線被附接時開關454、410及412之狀況。在此狀況下，所有開關454、410及412皆閉合，且電力收穫電路460在輸入464處經由電路路徑420、422及426而與W導線連接。圖4B展示當無C導線被附接但有Y導線被附接時開關454、410及412之狀況。在此狀況下，開關410及412閉合，但開關454歸因於Y導線之存在而斷開。在此狀況下，電力收穫電路460在輸入464處經由電路路徑424及428而與Y導線連接。圖4C展示當C導線及Y導線兩者皆被附接時開關454、410及412之狀況。在此狀況下，所有開關454、410及412皆斷開，且電力收穫電路460在輸入464處經由電路路徑430而與C導 線連接。應注意，未圖示C導線及W導線之連接且無Y導線的狀況，但在此狀況下，W導線將不連接至電路420，此係因為開關410將斷開。因此，經由使用所示之電路及連接器，自動地切換電力收穫電路，以便按遞減之優先權次序使用至C導線、Y導線及W導線之連接。較佳地，C導線為最高優先權，此係因為此導線通常提供最佳電源(若可得到)。應注意，根據一些實施例，Y及W優先權經顛倒以使W相比於Y具有較高優先權。
圖5為根據一些實施例的半橋式感測電路之示意圖。電路500提供經限幅至3.0伏特之電壓感測以用於存在偵測及電流感測。在輸入502、504及506處的是來自HVAC電路中之三者的24 VAC波形。在圖5所示之狀況下，輸入502、504及506分別係針對HVAC W1、HVAC Y1及HVAC G。如圖所示而提供感測輸入偏壓緩衝器550。應注意，在每一狀況下使用將電壓自24伏特變至大約4伏特之分壓器。箝位二極體520a、520b及520c確保電壓不會高於或低於微控制器320(圖3所示)之範圍。感測輸出530、532及534連接至微控制器320，使得微控制器320可感測HVAC線上之信號的存在。針對其他HVAC線重複電路，使得微控制器可偵測HVAC線中任一者上之信號。
圖6A至圖6B為根據一些實施例的展示高電壓降壓、自舉LDO及電池LDO電力電路之示意圖。圖6A展示來自連接器選定電力之輸入464，其對應於至圖4中之電力電路460的輸入464。二極體632用以整流來自藉由圖4所示之連接器電路選擇之HVAC電力變壓器導線的AC電力信號。此時恆溫器安裝於具有兩個HVAC電力變壓器(諸如，可為現有HVAC僅加熱系統經升級以添加HVAC冷卻系統時之狀況)之建築物中。在此等狀況下，存在來自HVAC系統之兩個電力導線，常常被稱作「Rh」(直接地來自加熱系統變壓器之電力導線)及「Rc」(直接地來自冷卻變壓器之電力導線)。輸入462係來自連接至Rc導線之端 子。根據一些實施例，Rc及Rh端子係使用自動切換或其他無跨接線設計予以切換，如名為「用於與加熱通風及空調系統連接之恆溫器電路(Thermostat Circuitry for Connection to HVAC Systems)」的同在申請中之美國專利申請案第13/034,674號所示及描述，該專利申請案與本申請案在同一日期申請且以引用之方式併入本文中。
根據一些實施例，經整流輸入624輸入至高電壓降壓電路610。在對應於圖3中之高電壓降壓360的降壓電路610中，可在節點620處藉由(圖3之)MCU 320量測高電壓降壓610之輸入電容器612、614及616上的電壓，從而允許該MCU在「經啟用」或「接通」階段期間瞬時地斷開W1或Y1觸點，以便對降壓輸入電容器612、614及616再充電且繼續電力收穫。根據一些實施例，同一HVAC電路(例如，加熱或冷卻)用於電力收穫，而無論在系統中是否存在一個以上HVAC功能。根據一些其他實施例，當恆溫器係與具有兩個電路(例如，加熱及冷卻)之HVAC系統一起使用時，該系統將自未經啟動電路進行電力收穫。在可自HVAC電力變壓器得到共同導線之狀況下，系統較佳地根本不自加熱及冷卻電路進行電力收穫。根據一些實施例，步降轉換器630為高效率的高電壓100mA同步步降轉換器，諸如，來自Linear Technology之LTC3631。根據一些實施例，電感器642為100uH電力電感器，諸如，來自Coilcraft之MOS6020。根據一些實施例，除了輸入電容器612、614及616以外或代替輸入電容器612、614及616的一或多個其他類型之元件亦用以在HVAC功能處於作用中(或「接通」)時之電力收穫期間儲存電能。舉例而言，可使用諸如電感器及/或變壓器之磁性元件。
為了控制HVAC功能，將HVAC功能導線短路至迴路或電力導線。舉例而言，在加熱之狀況下，將W導線短路至Rh(或R或Rc，此取決於組態)。在冷卻之狀況下，將Y導線短路至Rc(或R或Rh，此取 決於組態)。藉由使此等兩個導線短路，將24 VAC變壓器置放成與控制HVAC功能之繼電器串聯。然而，對於電力收穫，一問題為：當此等導線短路時，不存在橫越該等導線之電壓，且當斷開時，不存在電流。因為功率=電壓*電流，所以若任一量為零，則可提取之功率為零。根據一些實施例，電力收穫電路允許在HVAC之兩個狀態(HVAC「接通」及HVAC「關斷」)下自兩個導線取得電力。
在HVAC「關斷」狀態下，藉由取得比將造成繼電器開啟(此情形將造成HVAC功能錯誤地開啟)之能量小的能量，可自此等兩個導線收穫一些能量。基於測試，已發現，當在輸出處提取(0.040A*4.5V)=0.180瓦特時，HVAC功能通常不會開啟。因此，在輸入二極體、電容器及切換調節器之後，此情形允許吾人自此等導線以4.5伏特取得40mA，而不開啟HVAC系統。
在HVAC「接通」狀態下，兩個導線必須連接在一起以允許電流流動，此情形開啟HVAC繼電器。然而，此情形使輸入供應器短路，因此，當HVAC「接通」開關閉合時，吾人之系統不會獲取任何電力。為了避免此問題，在輸入切換電力供應節點620處之電容器612、614及616上監控電壓。當此等電容器「Cin」上之電壓下降至接近於切換電力供應器將「壓降」且失去輸出調節之點(例如，處於約+8伏特)時，HVAC「接通」開關關閉且Cin充電。在Cin充電之時間期間，電流仍在HVAC繼電器中流動，因此，HVAC繼電器保持接通。當Cin電容器電壓增加某一量(例如，約+16伏特)時，HVAC「接通」開關再次閉合，Cin在其向切換調節器饋電時開始放電，且電流繼續在HVAC繼電器中流動。應注意，歸因於輸入二極體632，不允許Cin放電回至HVAC「接通」開關。當Cin上之電壓下降至約+8伏特時，HVAC「接通」開關關閉且程序重複。此情形繼續直至系統告訴HVAC「接通」開關關斷為止，此係因為不再需要HVAC。根據一些實施例，HVAC 「接通」開關相對迅速地開啟及關閉之能力係藉由電路450提供，如名為「用於與加熱通風及空調系統連接之恆溫器電路(Thermostat Circuitry for Connection to HVAC Systems)」的同在申請中之美國專利申請案第13/034,674號的圖4所示及關於圖4所描述，該專利申請案與本申請案在同一日期申請且以引用之方式併入本文中。
根據一些實施例，使用一或多個替代電力收穫技術。舉例而言，系統可能關閉HVAC「接通」開關歷時預定時間週期，而非在Cin上之電壓達到特定點時使HVAC「接通」開關開啟。根據一些實施例，藉由使電力收穫與AC電流波形同步來增強電力收穫。
圖6B為根據一些實施例的用以提供自舉電力及電池之高電壓低壓降電壓調節器之示意圖。自舉LDO電路680及電池LDO電路分別對應於圖3中之自舉LDO 380及電池LDO 382。經整流輸入624輸入至自舉電路680。根據一些實施例，調節器670為低壓降線性調節器，諸如，來自Texas Instruments之TPS79801。輸出電力690係以3.0V提供至背板。自舉停用信號680可用以停用自舉電力單元，如圖所示。輸入660係來自VCC幹線，VCC幹線可(例如)來自可再充電電池。根據一些實施例，低壓降調節器662為經設計成用於電力敏感測用之低靜態電流器件，諸如，來自Texas Instruments之TLV70030。
圖7展示根據一些實施例的電池充電電路700及可再充電電池。充電器710用以對鋰離子電池750充電。一般而言，鋰離子電池容量取決於電池充電至之電壓，且循環壽命取決於充電電壓、電池充電之快速程度及電池充電之溫度。通常，鋰離子電池係以約4.2V充電。在一些狀況下，充電電壓甚至更高，以試圖獲得較大容量，但以縮減循環壽命為代價。然而，在供壁裝式恆溫器使用之可再充電電池750的狀況下，較大循環壽命比容量較佳。通常無需高容量，此係因為經由電力收穫電路可得到充電電力，且較大循環壽命係較佳的，此係因為 使用者替換可為困難或不可得到的。因此，根據一些實施例，低充電速度、低最終浮動電壓及減少充電溫度範圍係較佳的。根據一些實施例，使用介於3.9V與4.1V之間的最終浮動電壓。根據一些實施例，使用小於4.0V(諸如，3.95V)之最終浮動電壓。根據一些實施例，亦控制充電電流對總容量「C」之比率，諸如，將電池充電至0.2C(額定容量之0.2倍)以相比於較高比率提供較好循環壽命。根據一些實施例，使用較低充電電流會有助於避免HVAC繼電器之無意跳脫。
根據一些實施例，充電器710為USB電力管理器及鋰離子電池充電器，諸如，來自Linear Technology之LTC4085-3。背板電壓720輸入至充電器710。電路730用以選擇充電電流。詳言之，電阻器732(24.9k)與電阻器734(16.9k)並聯之值結合輸入雙電流738及高電力728用以選擇充電電流。若高電力728及雙電流738皆設定為0，則充電電流為8.0mA；若高電力728設定為0且雙電流738設定為1，則充電電流為19.9mA；若高電力728設定為1且雙電流738設定為0，則充電電流為40.1mA；且若高電力728及雙電流738皆設定為1，則充電電流為99.3mA。電阻器736用以設定預設充電電流。在所示狀況下，220k電阻器將預設充電電流設定為227mA。根據一些實施例，經由恆溫器監控電路而設定攝氏0度至攝氏44度之充電溫度範圍。
根據一些實施例，恆溫器能夠藉由USB電力供應器供電。此USB電力供應器可由使用者(例如)藉由將恆溫器經由USB纜線而附接至電腦或另一USB電力供應器予以供應。在可得到USB電力供應器之狀況下，其經選擇為用於恆溫器之較佳電源且可用以對可再充電電池再充電。根據一些實施例，當可得到USB電源時，使用約227mA之充電電流；當存在HVAC共同導線時，使用約100mA之充電電流；且當自HVAC加熱及/或冷卻電路收穫電力時，使用介於約20mA至40mA之間的充電電流。
儘管已出於清晰性之目的而以某一細節描述上述內容，但將顯而易見，可在不脫離上述內容之原理的情況下進行特定改變及修改。應注意，存在實施本文所描述之程序及裝置兩者的許多替代方式。因此，本發明之實施例應被視為說明性的而非限制性的，且發明性工作本體不限於本文所給出之細節，其可在隨附申請專利範圍之範疇及等效物內予以修改。
110‧‧‧恆溫器
120‧‧‧加熱通風及空調(HVAC)系統
230‧‧‧外部壓縮機
234‧‧‧冷卻線圈
236‧‧‧管線
238‧‧‧風扇
240‧‧‧空氣處置器
242‧‧‧加熱線圈或元件
246‧‧‧返回空氣管道
250‧‧‧供應空氣護柵
252‧‧‧供應空氣管道系統
254‧‧‧增濕器
260‧‧‧變壓器
262‧‧‧變壓器
264‧‧‧HVAC配線
270‧‧‧頭部單元
272‧‧‧主處理器
274‧‧‧儲存器
276‧‧‧區域無線網路連接
278‧‧‧顯示與使用者介面
282‧‧‧可再充電電池
284‧‧‧電力管理子系統
286‧‧‧背板

Claims (20)

  1. 一種恆溫器，該恆溫器包含：一切換電路，其用於控制一加熱通風及空調(HVAC)系統之一HVAC功能，其中閉合該切換電路啟動該HVAC功能；電力收穫電路，其經調適及配置以自該HVAC系統收穫電力，其中在該HVAC功能啟動期間，該切換電路斷開持續一時間間隔，其中：該電力收穫電路在該時間間隔期間自該HVAC系統收穫電力；且該時間間隔係足夠短致使該HVAC功能在該時間間隔期間保持啟動不被中斷。
  2. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中該時間間隔之長度係至少部分地藉由該電力收穫電路決定，其中該電力收穫電路：監視與一電容性元件之一充電位準相關聯之一電壓；當該電壓低於一下臨限值時開始該時間間隔；在該時間間隔期間充電該電容性元件；及當該電壓超過一上臨限值時結束該時間間隔。
  3. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其進一步包含：一可再充電電池；及充電電路，其經調適及配置以使用由該電力收穫電路收穫之電力對該可再充電電池再充電。
  4. 如請求項3之恆溫器，其中該充電電路經調適以充電該可再充電電池以使得較長循環壽命比較高充電容量較佳。
  5. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中該電力收穫電路經調適及配置以在共同導線對該恆溫器為不可得之情況下自該HVAC系統收穫電力。
  6. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中該電力收穫電路經進一步調適及配置以在該HVAC功能未啟動期間自該HVAC系統收穫電力。
  7. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中該電力收穫電路經調適及配置以自該HVAC系統之一或多個HVAC功能當中自動地選擇該HVAC功能。
  8. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中在該時間間隔期間，該電力收穫電路對一或多個電容性及/或磁性元件充電以儲存電能以供該恆溫器中之該充電電路及/或其他操作使用。
  9. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中該切換電路包含經調適及配置以迅速地斷開及閉合的固態切換組件及電路。
  10. 如請求項1之恆溫器，其中該恆溫器經調適以控制具有多於一個電力變壓器之HVAC系統。
  11. 一種方法，該方法包含：閉合一切換電路以控制一加熱通風及空調(HVAC)系統之一HVAC功能，其中閉合該切換電路啟動該HVAC功能；及斷開該切換電路持續一時間間隔，其中：在該時間間隔期間電力被電力收穫電路從該HVAC系統收穫；且該時間間隔係足夠短致使該HVAC功能在該時間間隔期間保持啟動不被中斷。
  12. 如請求項11之方法，其中該時間間隔之長度係至少部分地藉由該電力收穫電路決定，其中該電力收穫電路：監視與一電容性元件之一充電位準相關聯之一電壓；當該電壓低於一下臨限值時開始該時間間隔；在該時間間隔期間充電該電容性元件；及當該電壓超過一上臨限值時結束該時間間隔。
  13. 如請求項11之方法，其進一步包含： 使用充電電路以使用該電力收穫電路收穫之電力對一可再充電電池充電。
  14. 如請求項13之方法，其中該充電電路經調適以充電該可再充電電池以使得較長循環壽命比較高充電容量較佳。
  15. 如請求項11之方法，其中該電力收穫電路經調適及配置以在共同導線對該恆溫器為不可得之情況下自該HVAC系統收穫電力。
  16. 如請求項11之方法，其中該電力收穫電路經進一步調適及配置以在該HVAC功能未啟動期間自該HVAC系統收穫電力。
  17. 如請求項11之方法，其中該電力收穫電路經調適及配置以自該HVAC系統之一或多個HVAC功能當中自動地選擇該HVAC功能。
  18. 如請求項11之方法，其中在該時間間隔期間，該電力收穫電路對一或多個電容性及/或磁性元件充電以儲存電能以供該恆溫器中之該充電電路及/或其他操作使用。
  19. 如請求項11之方法，其中該切換電路包含經調適及配置以迅速地斷開及閉合的固態切換組件及電路。
  20. 如請求項11之方法，其中該恆溫器經調適以控制具有多於一個電力變壓器之HVAC系統。
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