TWI522051B - 煙霧裝置及吸入一種物質之方法及其使用 - Google Patents

煙霧裝置及吸入一種物質之方法及其使用 Download PDF

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TWI522051B
TWI522051B TW097149447A TW97149447A TWI522051B TW I522051 B TWI522051 B TW I522051B TW 097149447 A TW097149447 A TW 097149447A TW 97149447 A TW97149447 A TW 97149447A TW I522051 B TWI522051 B TW I522051B
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鮑溫 亞當
孟席斯 詹姆斯
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派克斯實驗公司
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Description

煙霧裝置及吸入一種物質之方法及其使用
本申請案主張2007年12月18日 申請之美國臨時申請案第61/014,690號之權利，該申請案以引用的方式併入本文中。
煙草製品之使用及吸煙之有害副作用繼續在全世界吸引了日益增加之注意力。隨著關於在工作場所或在公共場合吸煙之更多法規付諸實施，開發替代製品之興趣正顯著增長。一種減小吸煙之有害副作用之方法為不燃燒煙草製品。此係因為歸因於材料之燃燒，接收到自吸煙獲得的許多有害分析物，諸如，霍夫曼(Hoffman)分析物。
就使用之視覺及實體吸引力而言，開發且營銷可傳遞煙霧狀煙草製品之裝置的困難正迎合了使用者。需要一種可多次使用以使各種不同物質成煙霧狀同時提供與來自吸煙的感覺類似之感覺至使用者(諸如，視覺蒸汽)之裝置。亦需要可使煙草製品成煙霧狀且減少傳遞至使用者之霍夫曼分析物及誘突變化合物之裝置及製品。
在本發明之一態樣中，揭示一種用於在一用於使一材料成煙霧狀之裝置中使用之濾筒，其包含：一外殼，其用於含有一黏性可蒸發材料；及一蓋，其經密封於該外殼上，藉此形成一含有該黏性可蒸發材料之經密封濾筒。該蓋可為可穿透的，其中一經穿透之蓋允許自加熱該黏性可蒸發材料而產生的一煙霧之一退出。該蓋亦可為一熱封膜，其中該熱封膜包含一基底層及一熱封層。該濾筒之該外殼及該濾筒之該蓋可包含鋁。當本發明之濾筒之外殼包含一凸緣時，一蓋可經密封於該凸緣上。
該濾筒可經加熱至一需要使在該外殼中含有之該材料成煙霧狀之溫度，較佳地，經加熱至小於400℉之溫度。該濾筒內之該黏性可蒸發材料可包含一煙霧形成介質、丙二醇及丙三醇中之至少一者。該黏性可蒸發材料可包含煙草。
該濾筒可經插入至一裝置中，其中該裝置能夠使該黏性可蒸發材料成煙霧狀。該裝置可包含一能夠加熱該濾筒之爐室。
為了標記出本發明之濾筒，可將資訊列印於該外殼及該蓋中之至少一者上。
在另一態樣中，一種填充一含有一黏性可蒸發材料之濾筒之方法包含：將該黏性可蒸發材料裝載至該濾筒之一外殼中；及將一蓋密封在該濾筒之該外殼上。該方法可為自動的，例如，在一線性或旋轉分度機上進行，或使用一螺旋填充機、蠕動泵或活塞泵方法裝載。可在該裝載步驟中裝載預定體積的黏性可蒸發材料，其中該預定體積可為約0.1至約0.8立方公分。較佳地，該體積為約0.25立方公分。一種填充該濾筒之方法的該密封步驟可包含加熱該濾筒之該蓋及該外殼中之至少一者及自該蓋修整任何過多材料。
本文中提供一種用於產生一可吸入煙霧之裝置，其包含：一主體；在該主體內之一加熱器，其能夠加熱一黏性可蒸發材料以產生一可吸入煙霧；及溫度調節器，其包含一或多個雙金屬盤，其中該等盤將一溫度改變轉換為機械位移。該可吸入煙霧可包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子。該裝置之該加熱器可由諸如丁烷之氣體燃料供應，且可由一壓電點火器點火。
該溫度調節器之該等盤可使一推桿移位，該推桿藉由在一可變流量限制閥上推動來限制或停止該氣體燃料在該裝置之主體內的流量。該推桿亦可提供對一催化篩網元件之支撐。
在另一態樣中，本發明提供一種模仿吸煙之裝置，其中該裝置藉由將一含有植物之黏性材料加熱至約150℃而產生一用於由一實驗對象吸入之煙霧，且其中該煙霧在口腔或呼吸道中具有一觸覺回應。該黏性材料可包含一煙霧形成介質，該煙霧形成介質可包含丙二醇及丙三醇中之至少一者以當加熱時產生一視覺煙霧。該黏性材料亦可包含煙草及食用香料。
該裝置亦可將一為該煙霧之部分的活性元素傳遞至一使用者。該活性元素可經吸收於該呼吸道中。該煙霧可包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子。
本文中所揭示的為本發明之一種裝置，其包含一主體及一加熱器，其中該裝置藉由將一黏性煙草材料加熱至一目標溫度而產生一用於由一實驗對象吸入之無煙煙霧。該黏性材料可包含一煙霧形成介質，該煙霧形成介質可包含丙二醇及丙三醇中之至少一者以當加熱時產生一視覺煙霧。該裝置可將一為該煙霧之部分的活性元素傳遞至一使用者。該活性元素可經吸收於該呼吸道中。該煙霧可包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子。
用於加熱該裝置中之該黏性材料之該目標溫度可為約100℃至約200℃。較佳地，該目標溫度為約150℃。
該裝置亦可由一使用者用單手操作。
在本發明之另一態樣中，揭示一種煙霧產生裝置，其中在將一可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至一目標溫度後，該裝置產生一大體上無至少一霍夫曼分析物之煙霧。該霍夫曼分析物可選自由下列各物組成之群：氨、胺基萘、苯并芘、甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、丁醛、氰化氫、氧化亞氮、煙草特有亞硝胺(TSNA)、吡啶、喹啉、氫醌、酚、甲酚、焦油、菸鹼、一氧化碳、1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、丙烯腈、苯、甲苯及苯乙烯。
用於加熱該裝置中之該黏性材料之該目標溫度可為約100℃至約200℃。較佳地，該目標溫度為約150℃，其產生一包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子的煙霧。
本發明亦提供一種煙霧產生裝置，其中在將一可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至一目標溫度後，該裝置產生一煙霧，其具有比一普通煙草香煙至少少70%的霍夫曼分析物，且其中該霍夫曼分析物可選自由下列各物組成之群：氨、胺基萘、苯并芘、甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、丁醛、氰化氫、氧化亞氮、煙草特有亞硝胺(TSNA)、吡啶、喹啉、氫醌、酚、甲酚、焦油、菸鹼、一氧化碳、1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、丙烯腈、苯、甲苯及苯乙烯。該普通煙草香煙可包含一過濾嘴。
用於加熱該裝置中之該黏性材料之該目標溫度可為約100℃至約200℃。較佳地，該目標溫度為約150℃，且產生一包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子的煙霧。
在一態樣中，本發明揭示一種將一大體上無一霍夫曼分析物之煙霧傳遞至一實驗對象之方法，其包含：部署一含有一加熱器及一可點燃抽吸的材料之煙霧產生裝置；藉由該裝置之該加熱器將該可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至一目標溫度以產生一煙霧；及將該煙霧傳遞至該實驗對象用於吸入。
在另一態樣中，揭示一種在口腔或呼吸道中創造出一觸覺回應之方法。該方法包含：部署一煙模仿裝置，其中該裝置藉由加熱含有植物在其中的一黏性材料而產生一在口腔或呼吸道中具有一觸覺回應之無煙煙霧；將該黏性材料加熱至一目標溫度；自該經加熱之黏性材料產生一在該口腔或呼吸道中具有該觸覺回應之煙霧；及吸入該煙霧。該黏性材料可包含一煙霧形成介質，該煙霧形成介質可包含丙二醇及丙三醇中之至少一者以當加熱時產生一視覺煙霧。該黏性材料亦可包含煙草及食用香料中之至少一者。該裝置可將一為該煙霧之部分的活性元素傳遞至一使用者。該活性元素可經吸收於該呼吸道中。該煙霧可包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子。
在另一態樣中，本發明揭示一種煙霧產生裝置，其中該裝置自一可點燃抽吸的材料產生一煙霧，其中該煙霧含有比藉由燃燒本發明所提供之該可點燃抽吸的材料而產生之一物質至少少70%的霍夫曼分析物。
亦揭示一種煙霧產生裝置，其中該裝置自一可點燃抽吸的材料產生一通過埃姆斯測試(Ames test)之煙霧，以及一種煙霧產生裝置，其中該裝置自一可點燃抽吸的材料產生一煙霧，其中該煙霧關於該埃姆斯測試得分顯著比藉由燃燒該可點燃抽吸的材料而產生之一物質好。
本發明提供一種煙霧產生裝置，其中該裝置在至少4個非連續小時內在不補充燃料或另外服務該裝置之情況下為一使用者提供一用於吸入之煙霧。
以引用之方式併入
本說明書中所提到之所有公開案、專利案及專利申請案皆以引用的方式併入本文中，其引用的程度如同每一個別公開案、專利案或專利申請案經特定且個別地指示以引入的方式併入。
藉由參看闡明使用本發明之原理的說明性實施例之以下實施方式及隨附圖式，將獲得本發明之特徵及優勢之較佳理解。
如由熟習此項技術者在檢查本揭示案後將瞭解，本文中描述之本發明具有用於活性物質之吸入的廣泛範圍之應用。舉例而言，裝置、濾筒、系統、套組及方法可用以(例如)經由口腔或鼻子吸入煙草製品。與吸煙或煙草之燃燒相比，裝置、濾筒、系統、套組及方法亦可用以減少藉由吸入煙草製品而提供至使用者的霍夫曼分析物。另外，裝置、系統、套組及方法可用以(例如)吸入任何物質，諸如，植物性藥材、醫藥、營養藥物、或對最終使用者提供益處或感覺之任何其他物質。
I.　煙霧產生裝置
圖1 中說明本發明之一例示性裝置。裝置 100 能夠創造出高得足以使裝置 100 內含有的製品成煙霧狀之溫度。本發明之裝置可包含一煙嘴 110 及一主體 120 ，該主體 120 具有一加熱器 122 、一爐室 124 、一燃料箱 126 及一具有用於維持操作溫度之控制器的點火器。裝置之操作溫度調節器的實例包括雙金屬致動器。或者，可使用膨脹及收縮以調變丁烷流之石蠟填充組件。或者，可使用一系統來量測當前溫度，例如，藉由熱電偶感測器，且將其與規定溫度進行比較，例如，藉由微控制器，且藉由控制一機電閥，例如，伺服或電磁閥。如上所述之一使用者選定溫度，可將該選定溫度用作至此系統之輸入。
裝置可經建構為無活性調節元件。此可導致降低之複雜性且導致降低裝置之總製造成本。舉例而言，可將至加熱器 122 的燃料之流量設定在低位準。在使用中，在爐室 124 內部的溫度增加，直至引入之額外熱量等於至環境的熱損耗之平衡點。藉由經由裝置 100 之主體傳導及隨著蒸氣經傳遞至使用者，熱被損耗。此平衡點判定裝置 100 之操作溫度。藉由改變燃燒器之燃料流動速率、大小及材料及其他因素，系統可經校準以提供相當穩定之所要操作溫度。
可使用壓電點火器。可使用其他點火器，諸如，火石起動器或電池供電電阻線圈。
如圖2 中所說明，本發明之裝置 200 亦可包含一得要可再填充且具有一用於彼目的之口 230 之燃料箱 226 。一旦箱 226 之燃料被耗盡，則其可為可拋棄的。可使用諸如針腳或凸輪之釋放機構，此允許使用者快速移除耗空之箱 226 ，且用滿箱來替換其。可替換之箱可包括裝置之額外零件，諸如，點火器及加熱器。液體燃料為較佳的燃料源，然而，液體燃料可由電池供電電加熱器或其他緊密熱源補充或替換。箱 126 可由如圖1 中所示之填充閥機構 128 用專用燃料源或標準商用燃料源填充。
燃料箱可保持足夠的燃料用於裝置之重複使用。裝置可用於高達10、20、30、40、50或60次使用。在一些實施例中，裝置可用於超過60次使用。裝置亦可用於高達1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8個小時的連續或非連續使用。用於與裝置一起使用之濾筒可在每一次使用後經拋棄或用於多次使用。本發明之裝置之長期使用給使用者提供不必服務該裝置或定期地再填充燃料箱之優勢。可藉由使用較大大小的燃料箱及/或將丁烷(其可以有效的方式產生使用該裝置之必要溫度)用作燃料而較佳地獲得多次使用之優勢。
通常，裝置之操作溫度不大於200℃。通常，需要使製品成煙霧狀之溫度處於約100℃至200℃之間。在一些實施例中，需要使製品成煙霧狀之溫度為約150℃。一旦已使裝置內之製品成煙霧狀，可經由煙嘴將煙霧狀製品提供至使用者。在許多情況下，本發明之裝置經設計以模仿吸煙裝置，諸如，香煙、煙斗或雪茄固持器。
在圖3 中，裝置 300 包含一可由任何可燃燃料提供動力之加熱器總成 322 及控制至加熱器總成 322 的可燃燃料之流量的一系列雙金屬物件 332 。可燃燃料之實例包括(但不限於)丙烷、丁烷、甲烷及乙醇。隨著裝置 300 變熱或裝置 300 之一部分變熱，雙金屬物件 332 改變其形狀(例如，自扁平至凹形或凸形)以便調節進入加熱器總成 322 的燃料量。此可藉由各種機構而發生，包括與可變流量閥 336 相抵推動桿 334 (如本文中所指，推桿 334 )，如圖3 中所展示。
雙金屬物件可用以將溫度改變轉換至機械位移。該物件包含兩個不同金屬，當其經加熱時以不同速率膨脹，例如，鋼及銅。該物件可為一合金或已經緊固在一起之兩金屬。雙金屬物件可具有任何平坦形狀，諸如，正方形、矩形或條狀。較佳地，雙金屬物件為雙金屬盤。在加熱時不同的膨脹使扁平物件單向彎曲，且在冷卻時在相反方向上彎曲。雙金屬物件可為雙金屬盤，諸如，可市售之Truflex P675/700盤。
雙金屬物件之機械位移比兩個金屬中任一者之小的縱向膨脹大得多。此效應用於一系列機械及電裝置中。在本發明之多數實例裝置中，按平坦形式使用雙金屬物件。在其他實例中，為了緊密性，可將其纏繞成線圈。
鎳鈦(NiTi)為形狀記憶合金，其亦通常被稱作鎳鈦合金(Nitinol)。在其變態溫度之上，鎳鈦合金為超彈性，且能夠當施加負荷時經受大的變形量及當移除負荷時返回至其原始形狀。在其變態溫度之下，其顯示出形狀記憶效應。當其受變形時，其將仍保持於彼形狀，直至經加熱至其變態溫度之上，在此時，其將返回至其原始形狀。鎳鈦合金通常由按重量計大約55%的鎳構成。進行小的組合物改變可顯著地改變合金之轉變溫度。此等獨特特性及鎳鈦合金在廣泛範圍的溫度中使用之可適應性(tailorability)使其適合作為本發明之雙金屬物件之替代物。如熟習此項技術者將瞭解，可在不脫離本發明之範疇的情況下使用其他形狀記憶合金。
在本發明之裝置中的交替堆疊之雙金屬盤之使用不僅為用於使熱調節方案適合很小空間之簡單且廉價的解決方法，且與其他熱調節方法相比，亦具有一些關鍵優勢。該等盤為模組化解決方法，意謂，可使用不同數目個盤來調諧裝置之溫度敏感性，使用多個盤而非一個盤允許對於給定(小)直徑之盤之較長總行程。較薄或較厚的盤亦可用於同一目的，或添加施加力之額外能力。由於盤之隆起形狀特別強，所以燃料之變化壓力將具有對調節溫度之最小影響。又，由於雙金屬堆疊為非離散連續作用系統，所以裝置可藉由使用上文所提及之粗化座設計而具有衰減調節效應，此使裝置更不大可能自熄。盤亦回應最接近裝置之爐的點處之溫度，使得將爐固持於可能的最恆定溫度下。
圖4 演示本發明之裝置 400 的一些組件之詳細實例。在圖4 中，經由填充閥 428 將燃料供應至箱 426 ，且可藉由油繩 438 吸收經壓縮之液體燃料用於使用。在圖5 之實例中，氣體燃料之流量接著由經壓縮之泡沫流限制器 540 限制且僅可經由閥孔口 542 離開。存在一抑制氣體之移動的單一彈性體制動器 544 。將單一制動器 544 用於所有氣體流量調節可顯著地增加系統之簡單性及可靠性。制動器 544 在本文中亦被稱作可變流量閥 544 。亦包括的可為一簡單但獨立的構件，其用於隨著溫度調節丁烷流量、分配極低的氣體流量以使催化劑之一部分保持在其點燃溫度之上，且允許使用者開啟及關閉裝置 500 。可變流量閥 544 可允許所有三個此等需要由單一閥來處置。
制動器 544 可連接至一終止於電絕緣組件 546 之剛性噴射總成。該噴射總成通常藉由相對低彈簧常數之偏動彈簧 548 而固持於允許氣體退出閥孔口 542 且進入噴射總成之位置中。氣體藉由滑動密封件 550 而限制於僅進入噴射總成。或者，可使用可撓性膜片。使用者能夠藉由滑動活動滑塊使得噴射總成經向下固持使得制動器 544 密封閥孔口 542 來廢除此常規氣體流；此為裝置 500 之關閉(OFF)狀態。當使用者藉由將活動滑塊滑動至開啟(ON)位置以允許常規氣體流狀態時，壓電點火器經壓下使得在噴射接線盒(jet rosette) 552 與爐加熱器 522 之間產生火花，藉此點燃流動之氣體。隨著爐加熱器 522 開始到達其操作溫度，一系列交替堆疊之雙金屬盤 532 改變形狀(自扁平轉變至隆起)且作用於推桿組件 534 上，推桿組件 534 又按壓噴射總成，使得制動器 544 限制或停止氣流。
藉由使用雙金屬盤設計，可藉由僅改變盤之托架與閥座之間的距離而將本發明之裝置調諧至指定溫度調節範圍。在圖4 至圖5 中，藉由使爐加熱器組件 422 、 522 用螺紋旋(thread)入裝置 400 、 500 之塑膠主體 420 、 520 ，可僅藉由使用與爐配合之工具在外部扭轉爐組件 422 、 522 來改變操作溫度。爐 424 亦可經設計以由使用者手動移動。亦可將用於扭轉組件之特徵併入至爐 424 上。
在圖5 中，推桿組件 534 可充當多個功能。推桿 534 可用以將雙金屬盤 532 之縱向運動轉移至噴射總成，其又將彼運動轉移至閥制動器 544 。推桿 534 亦可以易於組裝之方式固持催化劑，諸如，催化劑經簡單地纏於推桿 534 周圍。推桿 534 在噴射接線盒 552 與催化劑之間指定一固定空間，使得初始燃燒可易於發生。在一實例中，推桿 534 具有粗略的啞鈴形狀，其中兩個扁平的圓形表面在相對端處，其用以在頂部接觸雙金屬盤 532 ，且絕緣組件 546 在底部。推桿 534 之下端具有大的切口，其允許氣流穿過且發生初始燃燒。
本發明之許多裝置使用溫度調節方案，其中溫度調節器(雙金屬盤)位於緊靠溫度最具決定性之區域處(在爐處)。相關技術已通常使溫度敏感組件位於流量閥處，溫度敏感組件可易於受到膨脹的燃料氣體之冷卻溫度之影響，且具有與蒸發室之最小密切接觸。相關裝置及方法之實例描述於美國專利申請案第11/485,168 號、美國專利案第4,819,665 號、美國專利案第4,793,365 號、美國專利案第5,027,836 號及PCT申請案WO 2006/082571 中。可藉由爐之簡單扭轉而將本發明之裝置之調節方案調諧至特定溫度。
在圖4 至圖5 之例示性裝置中,空氣經由入口孔 454 、 554 進入噴射總成,且在文氏管(venturi) 556 處與丁烷流徑混合。廢氣經由出口 458 退出。
藉由包圍絕緣特徵，防止使用者觸碰熱的內部元件。本發明之裝置可包括用於防止使用者接觸裝置之必要熱部分之絕緣件。雖然較大的熱絕緣件能力為較佳的，使得裝置按可能的最佳效率執行，但對於使用者之重要態樣為感覺相對冷的表面溫度。可使用各種策略來解決使用者關於裝置之溫度的感覺。可將裝置纏繞於具有用於外部使用之足夠耐久性之熱絕緣材料中。用於此目的之材料具有低熱傳導性及低熱容量(比熱)。此等特性之組合可允許將少的熱量轉移至使用者之手指。具有低熱傳導性及容量的材料之實例包括一些聚合物及陶瓷。一種獨立策略在於使用防止使用者直接觸碰較高溫度區域之間隙特徵。此亦可使使用者之手指與裝置之接觸區域最小化以額外地減少所感覺之熱。間隙特徵之熱傳導性及比熱應儘可能地低。
本發明之裝置之加熱器可包含一傳導外殼及一催化劑，其中該外殼可具有藉由焊接或按壓在一起而形成之一或多種材料。加熱器內之催化劑可經選擇以提供燃料之有效無焰燃燒。在一些情況下，為了對使用者提供視覺線索，當加熱器正加熱以指示裝置經啟動時，催化劑或加熱器可發射一色彩，諸如紅色。
在一些情況下，加熱器可經由側孔直接排氣至周圍大氣。然而，如在圖1 中所演示，本發明之裝置 100 較佳地在加熱器總成 122 周圍併有一系列較小孔 158 ，其較佳地將來自經催化之氣體的熱轉移至爐 124 。又，如圖6 中所示，由於塑膠主體 620 排氣孔 662 位於加熱器排氣孔上方，所以逸出之氣體必須沿著加熱器主體通過且交換其更多的熱，此改良了裝置 600 之效率。與交錯排列出口孔一起使用兩個障壁(加熱器壁及主體壁)具有改良抗風性之附加益處(例如，周圍的風不大可能干擾內部氣流，或將催化劑冷卻至其熄滅之點)。排氣路徑之特定幾何形狀允許在不抑制起始催化活動所必要的氣體之初始燃燒的情況下之此等益處。氣體平穩地流過連續膨脹之排氣區域，其無可使氣體之初始爆裂使自身熄滅之彎曲(torturous)轉彎。
在燃燒催化劑之領域中，點燃溫度常用以描述必須維持催化劑以便催化燃料與氧化劑之放熱反應之最小溫度。催化劑之僅一部分必須保持於此溫度下以防止反應完全熄滅。本發明之裝置之加熱器的目標操作溫度接近多數催化劑之點燃溫度，且可使維持催化劑難以達成。加熱器之目標操作溫度可為180℃。在本發明之裝置中使用的催化劑之類型的實例包括(但不限於)鉑、鈀及銠。用於與本發明一起使用的催化劑之催化劑點燃溫度可為自約100℃至200℃。
為了解決加熱器之溫度與點燃溫度相比之細小差異，一小滴氣體可在催化劑上方流動及/或可將催化劑與外部因素(諸如，風)屏蔽開。本發明之裝置可包括一受保護之排氣路徑，其意謂，廢氣不直接退出至外部空氣，而實情為，沿著回旋路徑行進，使得催化劑難以因風而熄滅。
對於本發明之裝置之可靠性的關注在於將催化劑操作維持於裝置之低目標溫度。離散的開/關閥單獨地可具有此方面之困難，因為丁烷爆裂之間的循環時間可有時使催化劑冷卻至過低的溫度，且由於丁烷溫度將為冷的，所以膨脹丁烷之快速爆裂可實際上用以熄滅催化劑。可被併入本發明之裝置中的一簡單解決方法為輕微地使閥座表面粗糙，或使用刻花制動器表面，使得裝置可在調節期間在其完全閉合流量前達成丁烷之低流量。此在操作上類似於針閥，但廉價且容易得多地實施。針閥亦可用於本發明之裝置中來調節燃料流量。一些先前技術使用熱質量，使得可在調節間隔期間維持點燃溫度。當氣流在調節間隔之間恢復時，僅與熱質量接觸之區域將最初催化氣體，此排出適當量的未使用燃料。本發明之裝置不需要此熱質量，因為閥座可充當模擬閥(analog valve)且允許裝置衰減調節間隔及強度。本發明之裝置可滴流需要用來保持催化劑處於點燃溫度之上(換言之，不淹沒催化劑)之適量丁烷。
如在圖3 中所演示，本發明之裝置 300 可用以使濾筒 370 中含有之材料成煙霧狀，可將濾筒 370 插入至裝置 300 之爐室 324 內。藉由點火器之火花(緊接在氣流之開始後)，氣體點火且熱開始貫穿加熱器總成 322 傳導。熱藉由傳導、對流及/或輻射轉移至濾筒 370 。濾筒 370 可經成形以填充室 324 ，使得用於熱傳導之表面接觸最大化。隨著濾筒 370 加熱，蒸氣產生於濾筒 370 內及直接在其上方之空間中。當使用者動用裝置 300 時，新鮮空氣經由空氣入口進入，與蒸氣混合，且混合物經由吸入通道而經傳遞至使用者。空氣入口可經向下定向，以便改良蒸氣自濾筒 370 之萃取。亦可沿著穿過煙嘴 310 之對角線或側向穿過殼自身、在濾筒 370 上方定向空氣入口。空氣入口可具有經大小設計以容許周圍空氣進入室 324 中以在不影響操作溫度的同時攪動蒸氣之直徑及方向。空氣入口孔亦可調節周圍空氣之速度，周圍空氣按一設定速率或由使用者選擇之一速率進入爐室 424 且與在爐室 424 中產生之蒸氣混合。舉例而言，空氣進入裝置 300 之速率可對使用者提供如同經由香煙吸煙之感覺。一旦使用了濾筒 370 ，可關閉裝置 300 且藉由打開裝置 300 之爐室 324 而移除濾筒 370 。濾筒 370 可用手或藉由可快速且容易地移除濾筒 370 之機構移除。此機構可包括當移動或移除裝置 300 之另一部分時使用針腳或滑動部分噴出濾筒 370 。移除機構亦可包含外來物件之引入。
如在圖7 中所示之裝置可併有一連接至裝置 700 之主體 720 的煙嘴 710 。煙嘴 710 可為鉸接組件。煙嘴 710 亦可經製造，使得當其靠近裝置主體 720 上時，其緊固地配合至適當地方。裝置 700 可意欲用於與如本文中描述的本發明之濾筒 770 一起使用。可將濾筒 770 插入至本發明之裝置 700 之爐室 724 中。如圖7 中所演示，煙嘴 710 可經移除或鉸接打開以提供至爐室 724 之接近，且其中可插入含有待成煙霧狀之材料的濾筒 770 。裝置 700 之煙嘴 710 亦可為可移除的或可經移除且組態用於一次使用。以此方式，多個使用者可使用同一裝置 700 ，但具有可互換之煙嘴 710 。或若煙嘴 710 經污染，則另一煙嘴 710 可易於替換其以防止必須拋棄整個裝置 700 。當裝置 700 併有連接至裝置之主體的煙嘴 710 (諸如，鉸接煙嘴 710 )時，裝置 700 可由使用者之單手操作。
煙嘴可由高溫且食品安全材料製成，諸如，陶瓷、玻璃或各種高溫塑膠，諸如，聚醯亞胺熱塑樹脂、聚醚醯亞胺(PEI)樹脂(品牌名稱Ultem)。藉由使用高溫材料而簡化了設計，但亦可將標準塑膠或木材與防止過多熱到達使用者(例如，使用者之嘴唇)的絕緣組件之添加一起使用。另外，可在長度上延長煙嘴，使得使用者之口腔的溫度大體上比靠近熱源的煙嘴之末端低。
本發明之裝置 700 之煙嘴 710 (諸如，圖7 中之實例)可包括一刺破物 712 ，其用於刺穿含有用於與裝置 700 一起使用的材料之經密封濾筒。舉例而言，鉸接煙嘴 710 可經打開，濾筒 770 經插入至裝置 700 中，且可接著閉合煙嘴 710 ，煙嘴 710 刺破用於與裝置 700 一起使用之濾筒 770 。如熟習此項技術者將顯而易見，刺破物 712 可為任何物件。較佳地，刺破物 712 為經模製至煙嘴 710 中且終止於用於當施加少量力時刺破濾筒 770 之點或邊緣 714 處的小突起 712 。
一些相關技術裝置需要兩個手來點火，此導致笨拙的使用者經歷。較佳地，使用本發明之裝置的點火方法允許單手點火。如在圖8A 至圖8B 中所示，使用者可按壓裝置 800 上之按鈕 802 以將其開啟，且接著再次按壓按鈕 802 以將其關閉。在其他實施例中，使用者可朝向裝置 800 之煙嘴端 810 滑動材料條以將其開啟，及接著朝向填充口向回滑動該條以將其關閉。如熟習此項技術者將顯而易見，可將其他組件(諸如，開關)併入至本發明之裝置中。可將機械優勢提供至使用者，以便在無來自使用者之不適當力之情況下啟動點火器。如熟習此項技術者將顯而易見，機械優勢之實例包括(但不限於)槓桿、四桿連桿及其他裝置。
本發明之裝置亦可提供額外使用者友好優勢。舉例而言，雙金屬物件溫度調節器允許裝置具有細長、緊密且因此有吸引力之形式。熱絕緣方法抑制使用者受到高熱之震驚。簡單的開/關機構允許使用者使用單手開始及結束使用會期。
II.　濾筒
圖9 演示一濾筒 970 ，其可含有一潮濕可蒸發製品 972 (本文中有時亦稱作黏性可蒸發材料、流體可蒸發材料、潮濕可點燃抽吸材料、流體可點燃抽吸材料或潮濕可蒸發內含物)，其用於與能夠使製品 970 蒸發之裝置一起使用。在該圖中，濾筒 970 含有一與蓋 976 密封於一起之外殼 974 。在此實例中，外殼 974 包含一用於將蓋 976 黏附至外殼 974 之凸緣 978 。濾筒 970 之外殼 974 或整個濾筒 970 可由各種材料製成，包括(但不限於)金屬、剛性塑膠、可撓性塑膠、紙、紙板、卡紙板及蠟紙。濾筒 970 之外殼 974 通常包含一食品安全材料，如在多數情況下，濾筒 970 待由主體與裝置一起使用用於物質之吸入。一些食品安全材料之實例包括鋁、不鏽鋼、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、非晶聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(APET)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯及許多各種紙製品。在一些情況下，尤其當材料為紙時，可用一材料或一食品安全材料內襯外殼 974 以防止潮濕可蒸發內含物 972 之乾燥及保護潮濕可蒸發內含物 972 兩者。
較佳地，濾筒經形成及成形以用於易於插入至本發明之裝置的爐室內，且隱蔽地配合至爐室之空穴中用於改良之熱傳導及蒸發。可在不產生顯著量的有害氣體之過程中形成且纏繞濾筒。
可用(例如)熱封蓋膜蓋住濾筒之外殼，以構成充分封閉且氣密的濾筒。本發明之經密封濾筒可具有保留內含物之新鮮度且防止在使用者之裝運或處置期間濾筒內的材料之濺出之優勢。
濾筒之蓋亦可由各種材料製成。通常，蓋包含食品安全材料。可在將潮濕可蒸發內含物插入至本發明之濾筒後將蓋密封於濾筒上。將蓋密封於濾筒之外殼上的許多方法對於熟習此項技術者而言係已知的。將蓋密封於包含一凸緣的濾筒之外殼上的方法之一個實例為熱封。較佳地，考慮濾筒之蓋對至少約400℉為食品安全的。蓋可為用於與在習知爐中做出的食品一起使用之市售膜，且通常被稱作可雙重加熱(dual-ovenable)(用於微波及習知爐使用)。可雙重加熱膜通常包含PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)基底層及APET(非晶聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)熱密封層。此等蓋膜可易於金屬化或預先箔化，較佳地，藉由鋁以改良關於水分、氧及其他氣體的膜之阻障效能。可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之普通轉換過程來產生金屬化膜。
為了說明，圖10 展示一具有PET基底層 1080 及APET熱密封層 1082 之鹼性熱封膜 1076 。圖11 展示具有一類似PET基底層 1180 及APET熱密封層 1182 之複合膜 1176 ，但具有額外的金屬層 1184 及金屬黏著層 1186 。在兩種情況下，APET熱密封層 1182 與本發明之濾筒的外殼之凸緣接觸。
本發明之濾筒的材料及外殼可用以保留填充材料之新鮮度，且增加濾筒之外殼壽命。金屬化濾筒或蓋或外殼亦可改良濾筒之視覺吸引力及感知價值。濾筒之材料亦可慮及諸如香料之品牌及指示的製品資訊之改良之列印及可見性。
含有潮濕可蒸發製品的本發明之濾筒 1270 可在濾筒 1270 中具有孔或出口 1288 ，如由圖12 中之實例濾筒 1270 演示。此等孔 1288 可允許濾筒 1270 內之內含物能夠接近環境。一些類型之內含物可能需要或發現至有利環境的通路。
圖12 中之例示性濾筒 1270 亦可由當置入於能夠使濾筒 1270 之內含物蒸發的裝置中時可被刺破或打開之材料構成。舉例而言，若濾筒 1270 經加熱至某一溫度，內含物蒸發，且由裝置創造的孔或開口 1288 允許來自經加熱濾筒 1270 之蒸氣內含物逸出。以不同方式，濾筒 1270 可包含可在將濾筒 1270 插入至裝置內前立即打開之一蓋或一密封件 1276 。
濾筒之部分可具有圖13A ，具有可配合在一起之兩部分 1390、1392 之濾筒 1370 ，或具有用於將兩部分 1390、1392 密封在一起之機構。圖13B 演示置於一起之濾筒 1370 ，其中每一部分含有用於當加熱濾筒 1370 時自濾筒 1370 之內含物釋放蒸氣之孔或出口 1388 。
在許多情況下，本發明之濾筒意欲用於單一使用且可為拋棄式。然而，可將一些類型之濾筒(諸如，具有用於將兩部分密封在一起之方法的濾筒)多次用作可再使用之濾筒。
可將含有潮濕可蒸發製品之單一使用的濾筒提供或銷售至最終使用者。濾筒內含有的製品之類型可經壓印或寫於濾筒上，或由濾筒之色彩、大小或形狀指示。然而，濾筒可被與潮濕可蒸發製品一起使用之殘留物(end)填充。
如意欲用於由最終消費者使用，可將本發明之經密封濾筒插入至本發明之裝置的爐室中。接著使裝置之煙嘴返回至閉合位置，在該點，其可刺破濾筒之頂部上的膜。接著允許藉由加熱過程產生之蒸氣退出濾筒且由使用者經由煙嘴吸入。
III. 　成煙霧狀之材料
如熟習此項技術者將顯而易見，可將能夠成煙霧狀且由使用者吸入之任何材料併入至本發明之裝置或濾筒內。材料對使用者提供呼吸道中之觸覺回應方面或關於吸入之材料的呼出之視覺反饋方面的經歷具有特定重要性。舉例而言，已預期用於與本發明一起使用之許多材料，包括(但不限於)含有煙草、天然或人工食用香料、咖啡渣或咖啡豆、薄荷、甘菊、檸檬、蜂蜜、茶葉、可可及基於其他植物性藥材之其他非煙草替代物之材料。本發明之裝置或濾筒亦可相容以用於與藥物化合物或合成化合物一起使用，用於藥物或休閒用途。可在相對低的溫度下蒸發(或揮發)且無有害降解產物之任何此化合物可適合與本發明之濾筒或裝置一起使用。化合物之實例包括(但不限於)薄荷腦、咖啡鹼、牛磺酸及菸鹼。
植物性藥材中含有的活性元素在不同溫度下蒸發。裝置可經校準以確定單一穩定溫度，例如，意欲用於使特定製品蒸發。亦可使用控制器來選擇各種溫度設定。使用者將基於所使用之濾筒類型來選擇哪一設定。控制器亦可機械地(諸如，藉由改變閥之流動速率)或電子地(諸如，藉由機電閥或微控制器中間物)影響所要溫度。舉例而言，為了改變本發明之裝置的操作溫度，可相對於溫度調節器(諸如，雙金屬盤)移動爐室。
此處，將煙草或煙草材料定義為可經蒸發用於休閒或醫藥用途的天然及合成材料之任何組合。在本發明之一個實施例中，可使用固化煙草、丙三醇及調味品來製備濾筒。熟習煙草製品製造之技術者熟悉用於香煙、雪茄及其類似物之此等及其他成份。可藉由將煙草切碎為細片(例如，直徑小於2mm，較佳地，小於1mm)、添加其他成份且混合直至達成均勻的稠度來生產濾筒。在另一實施例中，可藉由將填充材料處理為均勻的糊狀稠度(例如，粒徑小於1mm)來製備濾筒，均勻的糊狀稠度有助於填充濾筒之處理，例如，藉由使用螺旋填充機、蠕動泵或活塞泵。
較佳地，用於與本發明之裝置一起使用或在本發明之濾筒內含有的材料包含蒸氣形成介質及用於提供使用者之呼吸道中之觸覺回應的介質中之至少一者。來自經插入至裝置中的材料之煙霧狀產物可為蒸氣相氣體以及已濃縮出蒸氣相且保持懸浮於氣體/空氣混合物(後者構成吸入之物質的可見部分)中的小滴之組合。
可將丙二醇(PG)、丙三醇或兩者之組合用作蒸氣形成介質。可將其他蒸氣形成介質與本發明之濾筒及裝置一起使用。當經加熱時，蒸氣形成介質用以產生視覺蒸氣，諸如，煙狀蒸氣。可在吸入前或在介質之呼出期間顯現此蒸氣。與單獨的丙三醇相比，PG具有一些優勢，因為其在同等溫度下展示出高得多的蒸氣壓力，且允許裝置在較低溫度下操作。降低操作溫度保存能量，且潛在地可進一步改良使用此系統之健康益處。
在一些情況下，由使用者所吸入的PG產生之蒸氣可部分地在呼吸道中吸收。若此發生，則其可顯得如同使用者正首先排出空氣。此與習知吸煙經歷不同，因為在吸煙之情況下，當使用者呼出時，其可通常看到且玩弄排出之煙。由於在呼出後可看到藉由加熱丙三醇創造出的視覺蒸氣，所以用於本發明的填充材料之一些製備可包含丙三醇與PG之組合。在此等實施例中，PG允許使用者在吸入前可看到/經歷的視覺蒸氣之高密度以及呼吸道中之觸覺回應，且丙三醇之添加允許在呼出後看到或另外經歷的增加量之蒸氣。
製造用於在本發明之裝置或濾筒中使用的材料之一種方法為在低熱下將固化煙草葉與其他成份組合，且接著允許在室溫下在自一天至長達三週(視使用之特定配方及香料而定)之延長時間週期內併入或浸泡混合物。可接著藉由將材料切碎為具有直徑為1-2mm之粒子的均勻稠度且插入至濾筒中或直接插入至裝置中來處理材料。或者，可將材料處理為更均勻的糊狀稠度以用於在如本文中描述之習知泵設備中之改良處置。
將材料填充至濾筒中的實例方法包括螺旋填充方法及活塞泵方法。此等方法中之兩者皆為在用於食品及醫藥產品之包裝工業中使用之普通填充過程。任一方法允許將重複控制的體積之填充材料(例如，約0.25立方公分)裝載至外殼中。可接著使用熱封蓋膜蓋住經填充之外殼。可在熟習食品及醫藥包裝之技術者已知的分度機上組合填充及密封操作。
IV.　用途
裝置可藉由提供使用者需要的吸煙之許多所要效應來模仿吸煙。本發明之裝置及/或濾筒之使用的方法之一實例演示於圖14 中。如本文中所描述之蒸氣形成介質可與煙草材料組合，且直接或使用本發明之濾筒插入至本發明之裝置 1400 中。煙草材料給使用者提供物質 1494 (諸如，菸鹼)之吸入，但非伴隨燃燒煙草材料的許多焦油型物質，諸如，許多霍夫曼分析物(見下文)。可以類似於香煙或其他吸煙物品之方式藉由將裝置 1400 之煙嘴置於與使用者 10 之口腔 12 接觸來使用本發明之裝置 1400 。然而，在無煙或煙之感覺的情況下，使用者可能不對經歷滿意。為了提供對煙草材料之吸入的觸覺回應，可添加蒸氣形成介質 1494 ，諸如，丙二醇，其可在呼吸道 14 中被吸收。
又，當吸煙草材料時，煙可對使用者提供視覺輔助及/或視覺認知。為了提供類似的視覺輔助，蒸氣形成介質可含有可在吸入前或期間以及呼出期間顯現的物質，諸如，丙三醇。在圖15 中演示之例示性使用方法中，使用者 10 已自本發明之裝置 1500 按已將使用者 10 之霍夫曼分析物吸入量減少至少70%的方式接收吸入之煙草物質。在物質之吸進之後，使用者可經由口腔 12 呼出來自蒸氣形成介質的可見蒸氣 1596 。可見蒸氣 1596 可提供與在吸煙之動作中的呼出之煙之視覺輔助類似的視覺輔助。
V.　霍夫曼分析物
香煙煙為成千上萬個化學組分之複雜混合物。此等化學組分中之許多已與吸煙相關之疾病有關聯。關於在香煙煙中發現的較有害的化合物之標準參考為辨認可在主流煙中存在的約44種不同分析物之霍夫曼分析物清單。其係為了紀念Dietrich Hoffmann而命名的，Dietrich Hoffmann為生化學家及關於煙草致癌作用的主要權威。此清單含有通常與吸煙之健康風險相關聯之化學物。舉例而言，此等分析物及化學物包括氨、胺基萘、苯并芘、甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、丁醛、氰化氫、氧化亞氮、煙草特有亞硝胺(TSNA)、吡啶、喹啉、氫醌、酚、甲酚、焦油、菸鹼、一氧化碳、1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、丙烯腈、苯、甲苯、苯乙烯及各種其他者。已判定，一些霍夫曼分析物在來自吸煙物品之主流煙中可為不當的。因而，已對減少霍夫曼分析物進行了廣泛研究。霍夫曼分析物亦可為致癌的，且用於吸煙或模仿吸煙之裝置將為合乎需要的。
使用本發明之裝置，可在不燃燒材料之情況下使煙草材料成煙霧狀。藉由使煙草成煙霧狀，許多不當化學物及霍夫曼分析物未由使用者吸入。舉例而言，本發明之裝置可將霍夫曼分析物之吸入減少約70%或更多。在一些實施例中，本發明之裝置可將霍夫曼分析物之吸入減少約50%或更多。在一些實施例中，本發明之裝置可將霍夫曼分析物之吸入減少約60%或更多。在一些實施例中，本發明之裝置可將霍夫曼分析物之吸入減少約70%或更多。在一些實施例中，本發明之裝置可將霍夫曼分析物之吸入減少約80%或更多。在一些實施例中，本發明之裝置可將霍夫曼分析物之吸入減少約90%或更多。
VI.　埃姆斯檢定
細菌回復突變測試最初由埃姆斯等人開發。埃姆斯檢定充當可引起人類致癌作用的化合物之預測器。該方法已經廣泛採用，且FDA併有其，作為對於新食品添加劑及藥的毒性之較綜合研究之部分。同一測試已經廣泛地用以研究煙草製品及煙草煙之毒性。埃姆斯測試為評估化學化合物之誘突變潛力之生物檢定。因為癌症常與DNA損害有關聯，所以該測試亦充當估計化合物之致癌潛力之快速檢定。比較而言，對齧齒動物進行的關於致癌性之標準測試需要數年來完成且花費高。埃姆斯測試使用若干菌株之承載在組胺酸合成中涉及的基因之突變的細菌鼠傷寒沙門桿菌，使得其需要組胺酸用於生長。正測試的變數為突變劑之引起在無組胺酸介質上之生長的回復之能力。測試菌株經特定建構以具有需要用來合成組胺酸的基因之移碼及點突變，此允許經由不同機構作用的突變劑之偵測。一些化合物很特別，其引起僅一個或兩個菌株之回復。測試菌株亦載有負責脂多醣合成的基因之突變，此使細菌之細胞壁較可滲透，且在切除修復系統中使測試較敏感。添加鼠肝臟萃取以模擬新陳代謝之效應，因為一些化合物(如，苯并芘)自身並不誘突變，但其新陳代謝之產物誘突變。為了執行檢定，將細菌散布於具有少量組胺酸之瓊脂板上。在生長介質中的此少量組胺酸允許細菌在初始時間內生長且具有變異之機會。當組胺酸經耗空時，將僅留存已變異以獲得產生組胺酸之能力的細菌。培養該板達48小時。物質之誘突變性與觀測到的菌落之數目成比例。
如在以下實例2中所演示，與許多類型之抽吸煙草相比，用於與含有材料之煙草一起使用的本發明之裝置可展示埃姆斯檢定結果之顯著改良。因此，本發明之裝置可對使用者提供煙草之物質中的許多者(諸如，菸鹼)，同時不提供與煙草之燃燒或煙相關聯之一些關鍵致癌組份。
實例1
香煙煙為成千上萬個化學組分之複雜混合物。此等化學組分中之許多已與吸煙相關之疾病有關聯。霍夫曼分析物清單為關於在香煙煙中發現的較有害的化合物之標準參考。將基於霍夫曼清單選擇一組52個目標化合物。預期由本發明之裝置產生的蒸氣將使此等目標化合物之含量降低顯著的量(降低70%或更大)。
將在實驗室中進行本發明之原型裝置及參考香煙(KY2R4F)之組分測試。將在自動化吸煙機中且在加拿大劇烈療法(Canadian Intense regime)(每30秒55立方公分(cc)煙團)下就地獲取來自兩個類型之裝置的樣本。咸信，此方法近似比FTC療法(每60秒35cc煙團)好的真實吸煙條件。Arista已基於文獻開發出用於目標化合物的分析之廣泛協定。此等協定將用於測試。每一群分析物之收集及萃取的方法總結於表1 中。
對本發明之裝置及參考香煙兩者而言，對於每一目標化合物，將進行五個複製測試。按百分比判定兩個物品之間的平均產率之差。如與參考香煙相比，預期本發明之裝置將使霍夫曼分析物之含量減少約70%或更多。
實例2
細菌回復突變測試或"埃姆斯檢定"充當用於可引起人類致癌作用的化合物之預測器。此測試已廣泛地用以研究煙草製品及煙草煙之毒性。此處描述的本研究之目標在於針對誘突變性在細菌鼠傷寒沙門桿菌之TA 98菌株中使用埃姆斯檢定篩選本發明之煙冷凝物。選擇菌株TA 98，因為其處於鼠傷寒沙門桿菌之最敏感的菌株中，且可偵測各種突變劑。若偵測到與劑量有關之回應，則認為煙冷凝物對於彼菌株係誘突變的。
測試設施 。在光芒實驗室(Arista Laboratories)(1941 Reymet Road，Richmond，VA. 23237)進行測試物品製備(亦即，"吸煙"及萃取)、化學組分分析及基因毒性。
測試物品之萃取物的製備。 使用連接至自動化旋轉吸煙機(Borgwaldt RM-20 CSR)的本發明之吸煙裝置對於每一複製品"吸"三個濾筒，該自動化旋轉吸煙機使用以下參數：1)55ml之煙團體積；及2)30秒之煙團持續時間及符合ISO標準之空氣流。將總顆粒物(TPM)相收集於44mm劍橋過濾襯墊上，且將其萃取至二甲亞碸(DMSO)中。緊接在萃取後，TPM樣本經等分取樣至個別琥珀色玻璃瓶中，且在藉由埃姆斯檢定測試前，將其在小於或等於-70℃下儲存達大於或等於48h。一旦解凍且用於測試，則TPM萃取物不重使用或重凍結。
誘突變性測試(埃姆斯檢定) 。在三個獨立的"吸煙"會期期間對產生之TPM萃取物進行埃姆斯檢定。根據Arista標準操作程序# TOX 001執行檢定。一式三份地測試TPM樣本，其中添加外生新陳代謝活化系統(S9)。對於每一複製樣本，在每濃度最少三個板中測試每板範圍為0-2000μg TPM的顆粒相之十個濃度。進行KY2R4F參考香煙冷凝物之特定菌株正控制(具有或沒有S9)及單一濃度(亦即，100μg)的並行測試。根據Health Canada Official Method 501(第二版，2004年11月1日，Arista Standard Operating Procedure # TOX 001)進行檢定。埃姆斯檢定之結果展示於圖16 中。與每一測試同時進行且與細菌菌株及培養條件有關之媒劑及正控制、KY2R4F及自發性回復突變體處於預期之實驗室控制極限中或顯著地被看作可由研究指導者接受。
結果。如圖16 中所示，研究發現沒有藉由"抽吸"本發明之裝置而產生的總顆粒物(TPM)之與劑量有關之效應。此外，所有TPM樣本展示小於控制之回復速率一半的回復速率。相比之下，"1R4F"Kentucky參考香煙(普通煙草與過濾嘴組合物之香煙)之公開資料產生TA 98測試菌株之正傾向趨勢。參見D.W. Bombick等人之"Chemical and Biological Studies of a New Cigarette that Primarily Heats Tobacco. Part 3. In vitro toxicity of whole smoke"(Food and Chemical Toxicology，36:183-190(1997))。
儘管本文中已展示且描述本發明之較佳實施例，但對於熟習此項技術者將顯而易見，此等實施例僅以實例方式提供。在不脫離本發明之情況下，熟習此項技術者現將進行眾多變化、改變及取代。應理解，本文中所描述的本發明之實施例之各種替代可用於實踐本發明。預期下列申請專利範圍界定本發明之範疇且藉此涵蓋此等申請專利範圍之範疇內的方法及結構及其等效物。
10．．．使用者
12．．．口腔
14．．．呼吸道
100．．．裝置
110．．．煙嘴
120．．．主體
122．．．加熱器
124．．．爐室
126．．．燃料箱
128．．．填充閥機構
158．．．孔
200．．．裝置
226．．．燃料箱
230．．．口
300．．．裝置
310．．．煙嘴
322．．．加熱器總成
324．．．爐室
332．．．雙金屬物件
334．．．推桿
336．．．可變流量閥
370．．．濾筒
400．．．裝置
420．．．塑膠主體
422．．．爐加熱器組件
424．．．爐室
426．．．箱
428．．．填充閥
438．．．油繩
454．．．入口孔
458．．．出口
500．．．裝置
520．．．塑膠主體
522．．．爐加熱器組件
532．．．雙金屬盤
534．．．推桿
540．．．泡沫流限制器
542．．．閥孔口
544．．．制動器/可變流量閥
546．．．電絕緣組件
548．．．偏動彈簧
550．．．滑動密封件
552．．．噴射接線盒
554．．．入口孔
556．．．文氏管
600．．．裝置
620．．．塑膠主體
662．．．排氣孔
700．．．裝置
710．．．煙嘴
712．．．刺破物/小突起
714．．．點或邊緣
720．．．主體
724．．．爐室
770．．．濾筒
800．．．裝置
802．．．按鈕
810．．．煙嘴端
970．．．濾筒
972．．．潮濕可蒸發內含物
974．．．外殼
976．．．蓋
978．．．凸緣
1076．．．鹼性熱封膜
1080．．．PET基底層
1082．．．APET熱密封層
1176．．．複合膜
1180．．．類似PET基底層
1182．．．APET熱密封層
1184．．．金屬層
1186．．．金屬黏著層
1270．．．濾筒
1276．．．蓋或密封件
1288．．．孔或開口
1370．．．濾筒
1388．．．孔或出口
1390．．．部分
1392．．．部分
1400．．．裝置
1494．．．物質/蒸氣形成介質
1500．．．裝置
1596．．．可見蒸氣
圖1說明本發明之一裝置，其包含一煙嘴及一主體，該主體具有一加熱器、一爐室、一燃料箱及一具有用於維持該操作溫度之控制器的點火器；
圖2說明本發明之一裝置，其包含一得要可再填充且具有一用於彼目的之口之燃料箱；
圖3說明本發明之一裝置，其包含一可由任何可燃燃料提供動力之加熱器總成及控制至加熱器總成的可燃燃料之流量的一系列雙金屬物件；
圖4演示一裝置，其中經由一填充閥將燃料供應至箱且可藉由油繩吸收經壓縮之液體燃料用於使用；
圖5說明本發明之一裝置，其包含一抑制氣體移動之單一彈性體制動器，且其中氣體燃料之流量由經壓縮之泡沫流限制器限制且僅可經由閥孔口離開；
圖6演示一裝置，其中塑膠體排氣孔位於加熱器排氣孔上，且逸出氣體必須沿著加熱器主體通過且交換其更多的熱，藉此改良裝置之效率；
圖7說明本發明之一裝置，其具有一鉸接煙嘴；
圖8A演示一裝置，其中使用者可朝向裝置之煙嘴末端滑動材料條以將其開啟，及接著朝向填充口往回滑動該條以將其關閉；
圖8B自不同角度來說明圖8A之裝置；
圖9說明一濾筒，其可含有一潮濕可蒸發製品，該潮濕可蒸發製品用於與能夠使該製品蒸發之裝置一起使用，該裝置包含一外殼、一蓋及一用於將該蓋黏附至該外殼之凸緣；
圖10展示具有PET基底層及APET熱密封層之鹼性熱封膜；
圖11展示具有PET基底層及APET熱密封層還具有額外金屬層及金屬黏著層之複合膜；
圖12說明本發明之一濾筒，其含有一潮濕可蒸發製品且包含孔或出口以允許濾筒內之內含物能夠接近環境；
圖13A至圖13B說明具有可配合在一起且可具有用於自濾筒之內含物釋放蒸氣之孔或出口的兩部分的濾筒；
圖14演示本發明之一裝置之使用之例示性方法，該裝置可藉由在減少霍夫曼分析物吸入量的同時仍提供使用者所需的吸煙之許多所要效應來模仿吸煙；
圖15演示本發明之一裝置之使用之例示性方法，其中使用者以已將使用者之霍夫曼分析物吸入量減少至少70%的方式自本發明之裝置接收吸入之煙草物質，且使用者可自蒸氣形成介質呼出可視蒸氣以提供與在吸煙之動作中的呼出之煙之視覺輔助類似的視覺輔助；及
圖16展示細菌誘突變測試(埃姆斯檢定)之結果，其指示藉由吸本發明之裝置而產生之顆粒為非誘突變的。
100．．．裝置
110．．．煙嘴
120．．．主體
122．．．加熱器
124．．．爐室
126．．．燃料箱
128．．．填充閥機構
158．．．孔

Claims (19)

  1. 一種煙霧產生裝置，包含一爐室，其中在將一包含細片煙草之可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至一目標溫度後，該裝置在該爐室中產生一煙霧，其中該細片煙草之直徑介於1mm至2mm，其中該裝置送出該煙霧給一使用者，且其中該煙霧包含比一普通煙草香煙至少少70%的霍夫曼分析物。
  2. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該霍夫曼分析物係選自由下列各物組成之群：氨、胺基萘、苯并芘、甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、丁醛、氰化氫、氧化亞氮、煙草特有亞硝胺(TSNA)、吡啶、喹啉、氫醌、酚、甲酚、焦油、菸鹼、一氧化碳、1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、丙烯腈、苯、甲苯及苯乙烯。
  3. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該目標溫度為約100℃至200℃。
  4. 如請求項3之裝置，其中該目標溫度為約150℃。
  5. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該煙霧包含直徑小於約2微米之粒子。
  6. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該煙霧包含一煙霧形成介質。
  7. 如請求項6之裝置，其中該煙霧形成介質包括丙二醇及丙三醇中之至少一者。
  8. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該裝置可由使用者用單手操作。
  9. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該普通煙草香煙包含一過濾嘴。
  10. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該煙霧包含食用香料。
  11. 一種使用如請求項1之裝置以送出該煙霧給使用者之方法，該方法包含：(a)部署該煙霧產生裝置，該該煙霧產生裝置包含一加熱器；(b)利用該裝置之加熱器將在該爐室中之該可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至該目標溫度以在該爐室中產生該煙霧，其中該細片煙草之直徑介於1mm至2mm；及(c)將該煙霧傳送給該使用者吸入。
  12. 一種煙霧產生裝置，包含一爐室，其中該裝置自一包含直徑介於1mm至2mm之細片煙草之可點燃抽吸的材料在該爐室中產生一煙霧，其中該裝置送出該煙霧給使用者，其中該煙霧含有比藉由燃燒該可點燃抽吸的材料而產生之一物質至少少70%的霍夫曼分析物。
  13. 一種煙霧產生裝置，包含一爐室，其中在將一包含直徑介於1mm至2mm之細片煙草之可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至一目標溫度後，該裝置在該爐室中產生一煙霧，其中該裝置送出該煙霧給一使用者，且其中該煙霧包含比一普通煙草香煙至少少70%的霍夫曼分析物，且其中該可點燃抽吸的材料係選自由下列各物組成之群：天然或人工食用香料、咖啡渣或咖啡豆、薄荷、甘菊、檸檬、蜂蜜、茶葉、可可及基於其他植物性藥材之其他非煙草替代物之材料。
  14. 一種使用如請求項13之裝置以送出該煙霧給使用者之方 法，該方法包含：(a)部署該煙霧產生裝置，該煙霧產生裝置包含一加熱器；(b)利用該裝置之加熱器將在該爐之該可點燃抽吸的材料加熱至該目標溫度以在該爐室中產生該煙霧；及(c)將該煙霧傳送給該使用者吸入。
  15. 如請求項12之裝置，其中該可抽吸材料包括非煙草之植物性藥材。
  16. 如請求項13之裝置，其中該目標溫度為約100℃至200℃。
  17. 如請求項13之裝置，其中該目標溫度為約150℃。
  18. 如請求項14之裝置，其中該目標溫度為約100℃至200℃。
  19. 如請求項14之裝置，其中該目標溫度為約150℃。
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