TWI509119B - 碳纖維複合材料及其製法 - Google Patents
碳纖維複合材料及其製法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
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- B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
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- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1043—Subsequent to assembly
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/239—Complete cover or casing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Description
本發明係有關一種碳纖維複合材料及其製法,尤指一種具有高制振特性(high vibration damping)之碳纖維複合材料及其製法。
隨著時代進步,使用者需求的增加與節能的需求等,均使高分子纖維複合材料朝向輕量化、高強度發展。如自行車、高爾夫球桿、球拍、球棒等運動器材,風力發電葉片及工業生產設備方面的應用,皆伴隨著輕量化、提升強度之發展,必須同時解決高分子纖維複合材料結構振動所產生的制振問題,以提升使用者的舒適性與工業生產設備應用的效能。
舉例而言,運輸用機械手臂在高速移動(2.8m/秒)、旋轉(210°/秒)時會產生位移、變形與震動,高分子纖維複合材料製成之機械手臂因運動而產生形變之振幅擺動至停止的時間若過長時,需待較長的時間至擺動靜止或振幅降低至可接受之程度,方得再進行下一動作,如此勢必使產能受到影響,所以必須縮短振動的衰減時間,其產能動作才不致於降低。
通常,多層之高分子纖維複合材料的製備主要係透過疊層,亦即疊合複數層高分子纖維層,並調整上下層高分子纖維層之間的纖維角度以達成所欲的機械或物理特性,亦或者調整疊層的厚度或高分子的厚度,然而,是類的調
整或改變效果仍有限。
本揭露提供一種碳纖維複合材料之製法,係包括:於第一碳纖維層之第一側結合第二碳纖維層,以得到層合件,其中,該第一碳纖維層之一表面上形成有含奈米碳管之樹脂,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基;以及塑形該層合件。
本揭露復提供一種碳纖維複合材料,係包括:第一碳纖維層;第二碳纖維層;以及夾置於該第一碳纖維層和第二碳纖維層之間的樹脂,其中,該樹脂含有奈米碳管,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基。
以下藉由特定的具體實施例說明實施方式,熟悉此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本發明之其他優點及功效。
通常,多層之碳纖維複合材料的製備主要係透過疊層,亦即疊合複數層碳纖維層,之後再加工為所欲的外型。此外,可調整上下層碳纖維層之間的纖維角度以達成所欲的機械或物理特性。
本揭露之碳纖維複合材料之製法係發現在碳纖維複合材料中具有含奈米碳管之樹脂時,可大幅提升制振特性。
通常,碳纖維複合材料係包括至少二層之碳纖維層,可為三層至十層,甚至更多層之疊合結構。以下,本揭露例示性地以典型的製程說明,而非用以限制實施方式或結
構。
一般而言,用於製作碳纖維複合材料之碳纖維層的製備方法包括手工積層、噴佈、積層、連續積層、樹脂轉注成型、纏繞成型、片狀模造(SMC)、塊狀模造(BMC)、預浸成型、壓力釜成型等。因此,用於製作碳纖維複合材料之碳纖維層係含有聚合物或如本文所述之樹脂。
本揭露提供一種碳纖維複合材料之製法,係包括:於第一碳纖維層第一側結合第二碳纖維層,以得到層合件,其中,該第一碳纖維層之一表面上形成有含奈米碳管之樹脂,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基,俾與該樹脂鍵結;以及塑形該層合件。
請參閱第1A至1C圖,係說明本揭露碳纖維複合材料之製法。
如第1A圖所示,準備一第一碳纖維層10,係具有相對之第一表面10a(如前述第一側)和第二表面10b(第二側),於該第一碳纖維層10之第一表面10a上形成有含奈米碳管之樹脂12,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基,俾與該樹脂12鍵結。在本示意圖中,係以預浸成型之碳纖維層作為第一碳纖維層10,是以,該第一碳纖維層10之第一表面10a和第二表面10b皆具有該樹脂12,換言之,該樹脂12係包覆該第一碳纖維層10。
然而,該樹脂亦可形成於第一碳纖維層之單一表面上。於一具體實施例中,至少部分樹脂係夾置於該第一碳纖維
層10和第二碳纖維層14之間(請參考第1B圖),而夾置於該第一碳纖維層10和第二碳纖維層14之間的樹脂厚度約5至400μm。
此外,該奈米碳管係以多層奈米碳管為佳,以其多層之管壁提供相較於單層奈米碳管更多微滑動現象,累積的阻尼特性可快速地被放大,更有效抑制振動。
另一方面,奈米碳管經改質後,係具有反應性官能基,該反應性官能基可為胺基、羧基、羥基或醯氯基,但不以此為限。該改質的方法可參考J.mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342所揭露之方法。
於一具體實施例中,該奈米碳管佔該樹脂之最低有效量為1wt%,含量越高剛性越強但加工則越困難,為避免影響加工性,奈米碳管之含量最高至20wt%。
所使用的樹脂並無特別限制,可為熱塑性樹脂或熱固性樹脂,選擇時,只要可與該反應性官能基反應即可,通常,該樹脂係環氧樹脂,俾可形成一定程度的交聯。
接著,如第1B圖所示,將第二碳纖維層14結合至該第一碳纖維層10第一側,以得到層合件1。之後,再塑形該層合件1,如第1C圖所示。通常,塑形時係利用模具加工層合件1,以得到所欲外型的碳纖維複合材料1’,包括中空的圓管、方形管,或實心棒等。再者,於塑形該層合件,往往會使層合件受熱,此時會使該反應性官能基與該樹脂鍵結,進而硬化定型。
係接續第1B圖之步驟,如第2A圖所示,在本實施例中,復包括於塑形該層合件1前,於該第一碳纖維層10第二側結合第三碳纖維層16,俾使該第一碳纖維層10夾置於該第二碳纖維層14與第三碳纖維層16之間。
之後,再進行塑形加工,得到如第2B圖所示之碳纖維複合材料2。
根據本揭露之製法,本揭露復提供一種碳纖維複合材料1’,2,係包括:第一碳纖維層10;第二碳纖維層14;以及夾置於該第一碳纖維層10和第二碳纖維層14之間的樹脂12,其中,該樹脂12含有奈米碳管,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基,俾與該樹脂鍵結。
該碳纖維複合材料2可包括第三碳纖維層16,係結合於該第一碳纖維層10上,使該第一碳纖維層10夾置於該第二碳纖維層14與第三碳纖維層16之間。
於一具體實施例中,在多層,例如二層、三層或更多層疊構之碳纖維複合材料的態樣時,該樹脂係包覆該第一碳纖維層。此時,該第一碳纖維層和樹脂可視為單一層體。
該夾置於該第一碳纖維層和第二碳纖維層之間的樹脂厚度約5至400μm。
此外,該奈米碳管係以多層奈米碳管為佳,以其多層之管壁提供相較於單層奈米碳管更多微滑動現象,累積的阻尼特性可快速地被放大,更有效抑制振動。
另一方面,奈米碳管經改質後,係具有反應性官能基,該反應性官能基可為胺基、羧基、羥基或醯氯基,但不以
此為限。該改質的方法包括可參考J.mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342所揭露之方法。
於一具體實施例中,該奈米碳管係佔該樹脂之1至20wt%。
所使用的樹脂並無特別限制,可為熱塑性樹脂或熱固性樹脂,選擇時,只要可與該反應性官能基反應即可,通常,該樹脂係環氧樹脂,俾可形成一定程度的交聯。
根據前述之製法製備本測試例的碳纖維複合材料樣品,該樣品包括20層碳纖維層,其中,第7和8層之間及第13和14層碳纖維層之間具有含多層奈米碳管之樹脂。
該碳纖維和樹脂的詳細說明如下:
碳纖維:(Toray,T700SC,12K)
樹脂:環氧樹脂(Dow Chemical,Epon 828)
多層奈米碳管:(1wt%,L-MWCNT1020,辛耘企業)
改質的官能基:(胺基,根據J.mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342之方法)
於塑形該層合件時,先準備一芯模,其外表套上一塑膠氣袋,接著,將層合件包覆該芯模,再將覆有層合件之芯模置入另一鋁質模具中固定,之後留下塑膠氣袋並抽出芯模,在芯模空下的空間中充氣(25至30psi)以撐住層合件,同時,在鋁質模具側施以20至25psi的壓力及以160
℃加熱40分鐘,待降至室溫,即可取出該碳纖維複合材料樣品(矩形管:長300mm×寬27mm×高11.2mm;厚2.5mm)。
振動衰減時間(秒,S)之測量係使用雷射位移計(Polytec OFV 350 Sensor hand),測量自振動開始(樣品之一端固定,另一端施加2Kg載重後釋放)至靜止之時間,並將結果記錄於表1。
如測試例1之方式製備本測試例的碳纖維複合材料樣品(圓形管:長300mm×直徑20mm;厚4.0mm)。
振動衰減時間(秒,S)之測量係使用雷射位移計,測量自振動開始至靜止之時間,並將結果記錄於表1。
如測試例1之方式製備本測試例的碳纖維複合材料樣品(前叉管:束管長320mm,束管直徑1.125inch;傾角45mm)。
振動衰減時間(秒,S)之測量係使用雷射位移計,測量自振動開始至靜止之時間,並將結果記錄於表1。
如測試例1之方式製備本測試例的碳纖維複合材料樣品(矩形管:長300mm×寬27mm×高11.2mm;厚2.5mm),其差異在於該樣品包括20層碳纖維層,但不含奈米碳管。
振動衰減時間(秒,S)之測量係使用雷射位移計,測量自振動開始至靜止之時間,並將結果記錄於表1。
如測試例2之方式製備本測試例的碳纖維複合材料樣品(圓形管:長300mm×直徑20mm;厚4.0mm),其差異在於該樣品包括20層碳纖維層,但不含奈米碳管。
振動衰減時間(秒,S)之測量係使用雷射位移計,測量自振動開始至靜止之時間,並將結果記錄於表1。
如測試例3之方式製備本測試例的碳纖維複合材料樣品(前叉管:束管長320mm,束管直徑1.125inch;傾角45mm),其差異在於該樣品包括20層碳纖維層,但不含奈米碳管。
振動衰減時間(秒,S)之測量係使用雷射位移計,測量自振動開始至靜止之時間,並將結果記錄於表1。
樹脂層數之計算以具有樹脂的該碳纖維層為單一層。
樹脂層位置係由樣品最外側之碳纖維層為第一層。
根據表1所示之結果可知,碳纖維複合材料中含有奈米碳管時,確實可大幅縮短振動衰減時間。
上述實施例係用以例示性說明本揭露之原理及其功效,而非用於限制本揭露。任何熟習此項技藝之人士均可在不違背本揭露之精神及範疇下,對上述實施例進行修改。因此本揭露之權利保護範圍,應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。
1‧‧‧層合件
1’、2‧‧‧碳纖維複合材料
10‧‧‧第一碳纖維層
10a‧‧‧第一表面
10b‧‧‧第二表面
12‧‧‧樹脂
14‧‧‧第二碳纖維層
16‧‧‧第三碳纖維層
第1A至1C圖係說明本揭露第一實施例之碳纖維複合
材料之製法示意圖;以及第2A至2B圖係說明本揭露第二實施例之碳纖維複合材料之製法示意圖。
1‧‧‧層合件
10‧‧‧第一碳纖維層
10a‧‧‧第一表面
10b‧‧‧第二表面
12‧‧‧樹脂
14‧‧‧第二碳纖維層
Claims (17)
- 一種碳纖維複合材料之製法,係包括:於第一碳纖維層之第一側結合第二碳纖維層,以得到層合件,其中,該第一碳纖維層之一表面上形成有含奈米碳管之樹脂,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基,其中,該反應性官能基係胺基、羧基、羥基或醯氯基,且該奈米碳管係佔該樹脂之1至20wt%;以及塑形該層合件。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,至少部分樹脂係夾置於該第一碳纖維層和第二碳纖維層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,夾置於該第一碳纖維層和第二碳纖維層之間的樹脂厚度約5至400μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,該奈米碳管係多層奈米碳管。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,該樹脂係熱塑性樹脂或熱固性樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,該樹脂係環氧樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,包括於塑形該層合件前,於相對於該第一側之該第一碳纖維層之第二側結合第三碳纖維層,使該第一碳纖維層夾置於該第二碳纖維層與第三碳纖維層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或7項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,該樹脂係包覆該第一碳纖維層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,該第二碳纖維層係含有聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之碳纖維複合材料之製法,其中,該第三碳纖維層係含有聚合物。
- 一種碳纖維複合材料,係包括:第一碳纖維層;第二碳纖維層;以及夾置於該第一碳纖維層和第二碳纖維層之間的樹脂,其中,該樹脂含有奈米碳管,且該奈米碳管表面具有反應性官能基,其中,該反應性官能基係胺基、羧基、羥基或醯氯基,且該奈米碳管係佔該樹脂之1至20wt%。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之碳纖維複合材料,其中,夾置於該第一碳纖維層和第二碳纖維層之間的樹脂厚度約5至400μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之碳纖維複合材料,其中,該奈米碳管係多層奈米碳管。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之碳纖維複合材料,其中,該樹脂係熱塑性樹脂或熱固性樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之碳纖維複合材料,其中,該樹脂係環氧樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之碳纖維複合材料,包括第三碳纖維層,係結合於該第一碳纖維層上,使該第一 碳纖維層夾置於該第二碳纖維層與第三碳纖維層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第11或16項所述之碳纖維複合材料,其中,該樹脂係包覆該第一碳纖維層。
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