TWI466991B - 硏磨用組成物及硏磨方法 - Google Patents
硏磨用組成物及硏磨方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI466991B TWI466991B TW102122527A TW102122527A TWI466991B TW I466991 B TWI466991 B TW I466991B TW 102122527 A TW102122527 A TW 102122527A TW 102122527 A TW102122527 A TW 102122527A TW I466991 B TWI466991 B TW I466991B
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- polishing composition
- polishing
- conductive layer
- trench
- grinding
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- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
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Description
本發明係關於研磨用組成物,用於如形成半導體元件中之導線之研磨,及使用此研磨用組成物之研磨方法。
目前半導體元件中之導線主要係以鑲嵌方法製造,以化學機械研磨(CMP)技術為主。製造導線時,首先在所提供的半導體板上絕緣材料(例如SiO2
)之絕緣層形成溝槽。之後,導電金屬(例如Cu)之導電層提供於絕緣層上,以至少填滿溝槽。接著,以研磨去除溝槽外之導電層部分。結果,殘留在絕緣層上且於溝槽中的導電層部分仍作為導線。
進行去除溝槽外之導電層部分之研磨,通常使用含有研磨粒(abrasive grain)、氧化劑、及形成保護膜之試劑之研磨用組成物。國際公開號第WO 00/13217號、日本特開平專利公開號第8-83780號及日本特開平專利公開號第11-21546號中,揭露含有形成保護膜之試劑的研磨用組成物,包含氮化物,例如氨、苯并三氮唑及界面活性劑。日本特開平專利公開號第7-233485號中,揭露含有如氨基醋酸之有機酸及氧化劑的研磨用組成物。
用於去除溝槽外之導電層部分之CMP通常以兩階段進行以增加效率,即以高切削移除速率(stock removal rate)研磨欲研磨之物體的初步步驟,及最終研磨的最終步驟,最終步驟是為了得到較佳表面品質而研磨欲研磨的物體。使用研磨用組成物之初步研磨步驟及最終研磨步驟,通常使用具有複數個研磨轉盤之單一研磨機器連續進行。因此,最終研磨步驟之研磨用組成物可附著於研磨機器的左側,且最終研磨步驟之剩餘的研磨用組成物可在下一個研磨循環時混入初步研磨步驟之研磨用組成物。有些最終研磨步驟之研磨用組成物含有形成保護膜之試劑,例如苯并三氮唑
或聚乙烯吡咯烷。當最終研磨步驟之研磨用組成物混入初步研磨步驟之研磨用組成物中時,藉由最終研磨步驟之研磨用組成物中之形成保護膜之試劑的作用,在導電層上形成保護膜,造成初步研磨步驟之切削移除速率顯著地降低。此外,因為在每一循環的污染量會變化,且在每一循環的初步研磨步驟之切削移除速率的降低程度會變動,造成在初步研磨步驟中之切削移除速率變動。
本發明之一目的為提供一種研磨用組成物,其可適用於形成半導體元件中之導線之研磨。本發明之另一目的為提供一種使用此種研磨用組成物之研磨方法。
為了達成上述及其他目的,且根據本發明之目的,本發明係提供一種研磨用組成物。此研磨用組成物含有抑制研磨用組成物的研磨能力劣化之劣化抑制劑、研磨料、及水,其中此劣化抑制劑係選自多醣類及聚乙烯醇的至少一種。
本發明亦提供一種研磨方法,其包含製備上述之研磨用組成物,及使用所製備的研磨用組成物研磨欲研磨之物體,以形成半導體元件中之導線。
本發明之其他方面及優點將可由以下說明結合伴隨的圖式而清楚地理解,其係以實施例的方式例示本發明之原理。
11‧‧‧絕緣層
12‧‧‧溝槽
13‧‧‧阻障層
14‧‧‧導電層
15‧‧‧導線
本發明及其目的及優點可藉由參考下列本發明較佳實施例之說明並結合伴隨的圖式而最佳瞭解,其中:圖1(a)至1(d)為欲研磨之物體之剖面圖,供解釋根據本發明一實施例之研磨方法。
現將說明本發明之一實施例。
首先,將描述用於形成半導體元件中之導線之方法。在形成半導體元件中之導線中,如圖1(a)所示,首先在具有溝槽12之絕緣膜11上形成阻障膜13及導電膜14。
絕緣層11可由SiO2
、SiOF或SiOC組成。絕緣層11可藉由化學氣相沉積(CVD)四乙氧基矽烷(TEOS)、硼矽玻璃(BSG)、磷矽玻璃(PSG)或硼磷矽玻璃(BPSG)而形成。溝槽12舉例來說以已知的微影及圖案化蝕刻技術形成,以具有指定的設計圖案。
阻障層13係形成在絕緣層11上,以在形成導電層14之前覆蓋絕緣層11之表面,其作用為避免導電層14中之金屬原子擴散至絕緣層11中。阻障層13係以如物理氣相沉積(PVD)或CVD形成。阻障層13的厚度較佳為足夠小於溝槽12的深度。阻障層13可由如氮化鉭或鉭合金之含鉭化合物,或如氮化鈦或鉭合金之含鈦化合物所組成。
在阻障層13上形成導電層14,以至少填滿溝槽12。導電層14係以如PVD、CVD或電鍍所形成。導電層14係由如鎢、銅或鋁之導電金屬所組成。
接著,以CMP去除溝槽12外之導電層14及阻障層13部分。結果,如圖1(d)所示,溝槽12中之阻障層13及導電層14的部分仍殘留於絕緣層11上,且殘留的導電層14的部分係作為導線15。
用於去除溝槽12外之導電層14及阻障層13部分的CMP方法通常包含第一、第二及第三研磨步驟。第一研磨步驟係以CMP去除一部分溝槽12外之導電層14部分,如圖1(b)所示,第一研磨步驟之研磨係在阻障層13暴露前終止。之後的第二研磨步驟係以CMP去除一部分溝槽12外之殘留的導電層14,以暴露阻障層13的頂面,如圖1(c)所示。接著,之後的第三研磨步驟係以CMP去除溝槽12外之導電層14及阻障層13的殘留部分,以暴露絕緣層11的頂面,如圖1(d)所示。
以單一研磨機器連續進行CMP方法之第一至第三步驟。此機器配置為具有支撐欲研磨物體之支撐台及複數個研磨轉盤。此支撐台係配置為具有複數個支撐元件,以適於欲研磨之物體,且支撐台由此研磨機器旋轉地支撐。研磨墊係固定於每一個研磨轉盤上。當欲研磨之物體使用此研磨機器研磨時,適於支撐台之欲研磨物體係處於被壓在研磨墊上的狀態,當在研磨墊上使用研磨用組成物時,支撐台及研磨轉盤相互旋轉。在第一研磨步驟完成時,支撐台以此方式旋轉,以將欲研磨之物體轉移至第
二研磨步驟的研磨位置,且以如此步驟,在第二研磨步驟完成時,將工作轉移至第三研磨步驟的研磨位置。
雖然本實施例之研磨用組成物可用於第一至第三研磨之任一步驟,此研磨用組成物較佳為使用在第一研磨步驟,以去除一部分溝槽12外之導電層14部分。此研磨用組成物含有劣化抑制劑、研磨料及水。
研磨用組成物所含之劣化抑制劑,係用於抑制研磨用組成物研磨導電層14能力的劣化,此劣化係因被其他用於第二或第三研磨步驟之研磨用組成物污染所造成。研磨用組成物中劣化抑制劑係選自多醣類及聚乙烯醇的至少一種。多醣類可為:儲存性(stored)多醣類,例如澱粉、澱粉果膠或肝醣;結構性多醣類,例如纖維素、果膠或半纖維素;或細胞外多醣類,例如聚三葡萄糖或elsinan。其中,較佳為聚三葡萄糖,因為聚三葡萄糖對於研磨用組成物研磨導電層14能力具有較強的抑制劣化作用,且對於研磨用組成物研磨導電層14具有穩定能力作用。
若考量到強烈抑制研磨用組成物研磨導電層14能力的劣化,研磨用組成物中劣化抑制劑的含量較佳以重量計為0.01%或以上,更佳以重量計為0.05%或以上。同時,若考量到穩定研磨用組成物研磨導電層14的能力,劣化抑制劑的含量較佳以重量計為10%或以下,更佳以重量計為5%或以下。
研磨用組成物所含之研磨料係用於機械研磨欲研磨之物體。研磨用組成物所含之研磨料較佳選自氧化鋁及二氧化矽的至少一種,這是因為對於欲研磨之物體,具有特別高的機械研磨能力。此研磨料較佳為選自燻矽、燻鋁及膠質矽的至少一種,因為其降低刮傷的發生,因此提高欲研磨之物體研磨後的表面品質。
若考量到增加研磨用組成物研磨導電層14之能力,研磨料的平均顆粒直徑較佳為10nm或以上,更佳為20nm或以上,其中研磨料的平均顆粒直徑係以BET方法測得顆粒密度及比表面積所得之。同時,若考量到抑制研磨料顆粒結塊,以增加研磨用組成物的分散穩定度,則研磨料的平均顆粒直徑較佳為200nm或以下,更佳為120nm或以下。當研磨料為二氧化矽,例如燻矽或膠質矽時,設定研磨料的平均直徑特別適於上述範
圍。
若考量到增加研磨用組成物研磨導電層14的能力,研磨用組成物中研磨料的含量較佳以重量計為0.1%或以上,更佳以重量計為0.5%或以上。同時,若考量到抑制研磨料顆粒結塊,以增加研磨用組成物的分散穩定度,研磨料的含量較佳以重量計為10%或以下,更佳以重量計為5%或以下。
研磨用組成物中水用於將研磨用組成物中其他成分溶解或分散於其中。較佳的情況下,水含有最少量的不純物,因而不會妨礙其他成份,尤其是以純水、超純水或蒸餾水為佳。
研磨用組成物更可包含氧化劑。氧化劑氧化導電層14的表面,以加速導電層14的機械研磨,而此機械研磨係伴隨研磨料進行。研磨用組成物所含之氧化劑可為過氧化氫、過硫酸、過碘酸、過氯酸、過醋酸、過甲酸、硝酸或其鹽類。其中,較佳為過氧化氫,因為過氧化氫較便宜、易取得、且僅含有少量金屬不純物。在研磨用組成物中氧化劑種類數目可為一或二或以上。
若考量到增加研磨用組成物研磨導電層14的能力,研磨用組成物中氧化劑的含量較佳以重量計為0.1%或以上,更佳以重量計為1%或以上。同時,因為即使加入過量的氧化劑,可以預期到研磨用組成物研磨導電層14的能力並無進一步改善,因此,氧化劑的含量較佳以重量計為10%或以下,更佳以重量計為5%或以下。
研磨用組成物更可包含螯合劑。螯合劑可藉由捕捉因研磨導電層14,研磨用組成物所產生的金屬粒子,而具有加速導電層14研磨之作用。此螯合劑較佳為選自α-胺基酸及有機酸的至少一種,這是因為α-胺基酸及有機酸易取得,並具有強烈的螯合作用。α-胺基酸可為中性酸例如甘胺酸、丙氨酸、纈氨酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、別異白胺酸、絲胺酸、羥丁胺酸、別羥丁胺酸、半胱胺酸、甲硫胺酸、苯丙胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸、脯胺酸及胱胺酸;鹼性胺基酸例如精胺酸及組胺酸;或酸性胺基酸例如麩胺酸及天冬胺酸。其中,較佳為選自甘胺酸及α-丙氨酸的至少一種,這是因為他們具有特別高的加速研磨導電層14能力。α-胺基酸可為L-或D-異
構物(其互為彼此的鏡像異構物),或其混合物。有機酸的範例包含草酸、檸檬酸、丁二酸、丁烯二酸、酒石酸、2-喹啉羧酸(喹哪啶酸)、2-吡啶羧酸、2,6-吡啶羧酸或奎尼酸。在研磨用組成物中螯合劑種類數目可為一或二或以上。
若考量到增加研磨用組成物研磨導電層14的能力,研磨用組成物中螯合劑的含量較佳以重量計為0.01%或以上,更佳以重量計為0.1%或以上。同時,因為即使加入過量的螯合劑,可以預期到研磨用組成物研磨導電層14的能力並無進一步改善,因此,螯合劑的含量較佳以重量計為20%或以下,更佳以重量計為10%或以下。
此研磨用組成物更可包含腐蝕抑制劑。腐蝕抑制劑形成覆蓋於導電層14表面的保護膜,以保護導電層14避免被氧化劑腐蝕,因此抑制表面缺陷,例如表面粗糙及坑洞,以提高欲研磨之物體研磨後的表面品質。腐蝕抑制劑亦可降低研磨表面的表面不平度。研磨用組成物所含之腐蝕抑制劑可為苯并三唑、苯并咪唑、三唑、咪唑、甲基苯并三氮唑、或其衍生物或鹽類。其中,較佳為選自苯并咪唑及其衍生物的至少一種,因其具有強烈的腐蝕抑制作用。在研磨用組成物中腐蝕抑制劑種類數目可為一或二或以上。
若考量到提高欲研磨之物體研磨後的表面品質並降低表面的不平度,研磨用組成物中腐蝕抑制劑的含量較佳以重量計為0.0001%或以上。同時,腐蝕抑制劑的含量較佳以重量計為0.02%或以下,更佳以重量計為0.01%或以下,因為當研磨用組成物中腐蝕抑制劑含量以重量計為0.02%或以下時,或進一步,當含量以重量計為0.01%或以下時,即使將其他研磨用組成物中的腐蝕抑制劑混入本發明之研磨用組成物中,可以抑制因內含過量腐蝕抑制劑而造成研磨用組成物研磨導電層14能力劣化。
研磨用組成物更可依所需而包含增稠劑、乳化劑、防銹劑、防腐劑、殺菌劑、去泡劑、pH調節劑、界面活性劑或類似物。
研磨用組成物之成份(除了水以外)可以濃縮的狀態儲存,且研磨用組成物可在使用前以水稀釋。如此可幫助此研磨用組成物的儲存並促進其運送的效率。
當本實施例之研磨用組成物含有氧化劑時,可將氧化劑與其他成份分開而製備及儲存研磨用組成物。在此案例中,在使用研磨用組成物前,將氧化劑及其他成份立即混合,以製備研磨用組成物,如此可避免研磨用組成物中氧化劑在其儲存過程中分解。
本實施例具有以下優點。
因為本實施例之研磨用組成物含有劣化抑制劑,即使其他研磨用組成物,如用於第二或第三研磨步驟之研磨用組成物,混入此研磨用組成物,本實施例之研磨用組成物的能力的劣化可被抑制。因此,可提高半導體元件生產的產量並降低生產成本。
通常用於第二或第三研磨步驟之研磨用組成物,除了研磨料及扮演加速研磨角色之成份之外,含有扮演提高欲研磨之物體研磨後的表面品質之成份。腐蝕抑制劑為提高表面品質之成份的一個例子。腐蝕抑制劑用於形成保護膜於導電層14上,以保護導電層14避免腐蝕,且除了此種角色之外,其扮演另一種抑制稱為盤凹(dishing)現象(導線15的頂面降低)的發生,及抑制稱為侵蝕(erosion)現象(溝槽12密集形成之區域的頂面降低)的發生。在此案例中,研磨用組成物不含劣化抑制劑,因此,當研磨用組成物被腐蝕抑制劑污染時,即使是少量,其研磨導電層14的能力會劣化。相反的,即使混入一定量的腐蝕抑制劑於本實施例之研磨用組成物,亦不會發生研磨導電層14能力的劣化。
此外,當半導體元件具有多層導線時,係重複形成絕緣層11、阻障層13、導電層14及去除導電層14的部分及阻障層13的部分。本實施例之研磨用組成物可抑制研磨導電層14能力的劣化,即使其被用於形成底層導線之研磨用組成物所污染。
之後,將描述本發明之實施例及對照範例。
表1提供與水混合以製備每一個根據實施例1至21及對照範例1至20之研磨用組成物之組成物。表1亦提供每一個根據實施例1至21及對照範例1至20之研磨用組成物的pH。
在表1「劣化抑制劑或其取代化合物」欄中:
「聚三葡萄糖」表示具有200,000之平均分子量之聚三葡萄糖;「PVA*1」表示具有100,000之平均分子量之聚乙烯醇;「PVA*2」表示具有10,000之平均分子量之聚乙烯醇;「PEG*1」表示具有600之平均分子量之聚乙二醇;「PEG*2」表示具有2,000之平均分子量之聚乙二醇;及「聚丙烯酸」表示具有1,000之平均分子量之聚丙烯酸。
在表1「研磨料」欄中:「膠質矽*1」表示具有35nm之平均顆粒直徑之膠質矽;「膠質矽*2」表示具有10nm之平均顆粒直徑之膠質矽;「燻矽」表示具有30nm之平均顆粒直徑之燻矽;及「燻鋁」表示具有30nm之平均顆粒直徑之燻鋁。膠質矽、燻矽及燻鋁係使用Micormeritics Instrument Corporation製造之「FlowSorbII2300」測量顆粒密度及比表面積。
在表1「腐蝕抑制劑」欄中:「BTA」表示苯并三氮唑。
以實施例1至21及對照範例1至20中製備的研磨用組成物,及下述研磨條件下,研磨銅毯覆晶圓。銅毯覆晶圓乃以電鍍方法塗布銅膜之8吋矽晶圓。每一片銅毯覆晶圓的厚度在研磨之前及之後以Kokusai Electric System Service Co.,Ltd.製造之薄片電阻裝置「VR-120」測量,並由以下計算公式測定其切削移除速率。結果列於表2「切削移除速率」欄中「無添加物添加」欄中。
<研磨條件>
研磨機器:Applied Materials Inc.製造、用於CMP之單邊研磨機器「Mirra」。
研磨墊:Rodel Inc.製造、聚氨酯之薄片狀研磨墊「IC-1000/Suba400」。
研磨壓力:28kPa(=約2psi)
轉盤旋轉速度:100轉/分鐘
研磨用組成物供應速度:200ml/分鐘
載體旋轉速度:100轉/分鐘
研磨時間:1分鐘
<計算公式>
切削移除速率[nm/分鐘]=(研磨前銅毯覆晶圓的厚度[nm]-研磨後銅毯覆晶圓的厚度[nm])÷研磨時間[分鐘]
實施例1至21及對照範例1至20之研磨用組成物中,加入苯并三氮唑,使之含量以重量計為0.01%。接著,銅毯覆係依上述之研磨條件,使用加入苯并三氮唑之研磨用組成物研磨。這些研磨用組成物對銅毯覆晶圓之切削移除速率係列於表2「切削移除速率」欄中「BTA*1
」欄。
實施例1至21及對照範例1至20之研磨用組成物中,加入苯并三氮唑,使之含量以重量計為0.02%。接著,銅毯覆係在上述之研磨條件下使用加入苯并三氮唑之研磨用組成物研磨。這些研磨用組成物對銅毯覆晶圓之切削移除速率係列於表2「切削移除速率」欄中「BTA*2
」欄。
實施例1至21及對照範例1至20之研磨用組成物中,加入具有平均分子量10,000之聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,使之含量以重量計為0.1%。接著,銅毯覆依上述之研磨條件,使用加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮之研磨用組成物研磨。這些研磨用組成物對銅毯覆晶圓之切削移除速率係列於表2「切削移除速率」欄中「PVP」欄。
實施例1至21及對照範例1至20之研磨用組成物中,加入乳酸,使之含量以重量計為0.1%。接著,銅毯覆依上述之研磨條件,使用加入乳酸之研磨用組成物研磨。這些研磨用組成物對銅毯覆晶圓之切削移除速率係列於表2「切削移除速率」欄中「乳酸」欄。
為了以數字表現加入苯并三氮唑、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或乳酸對研磨用組成物的研磨能力之效果,將添加物加入後之研磨用組成物的切削移除速率除以添加物加入前之研磨用組成物的切削移除速率,以得到研磨能力的維持係數。當苯并三氮唑以重量計之含量為0.01%之方式加入每一個組成物,其研磨能力維持係數係列於表2「研磨能力維持係數」欄中「BTA*1
」欄。當苯并三氮唑以重量計之含量為0.02%之方式加入每一個組成物,其研
磨能力維持係數係列於表2「研磨能力維持係數」欄中「BTA*2
」欄。當聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以重量計之含量為0.1%之方式加入每一個組成物,其研磨能力維持係數係列於表2「研磨能力維持係數」欄中「PVP」欄。當乳酸以重量計之含量為0.1%之方式加入每一個組成物,其研磨能力維持係數係列於表2「研磨能力維持係數」欄中「乳酸」欄。
如表2所示,每一個實施例1至21中製備的研磨用組成物具有相對高的研磨能力,且其切削移除速率在加入添加物時並無相對地降低。從範例1、4至7及10至12的結果發現,使用具有35nm平均顆粒直徑之膠質矽作為研磨料時,尤其可以抑制切削移除速率降低。從範例1至3
及7至9的結果發現,使用甘胺酸或丙氨酸作為螯合劑時,可抑制加入添加劑所造成的切削移除速率劣化,且使用甘胺酸作為螯合劑時,尤其可以抑制加入添加劑所造成的切削移除速率劣化。從範例7及21的結果發現,具有不同分子量之聚乙烯醇的分子量差異,對研磨能力及加入添加劑所造成的切削移除速率劣化程度實質上無效果。從對照範例7至20的結果中發現,相較於含有劣化抑制劑之研磨用組成物,使用聚乙二醇或聚丙烯酸代替劣化抑制劑,加入添加劑造成的切削移除速率劣化程度較大。
11‧‧‧絕緣膜
12‧‧‧溝槽
13‧‧‧阻障膜
15‧‧‧導線
Claims (10)
- 一種研磨方法,其特徵在於:製備一物體,該物體包含一絕緣層與一導電層,其中該絕緣層具有一溝槽而該導電層位於該絕緣層上,該導電層一部份位於該溝槽內而一部份位於該溝槽外;以及移除位於該溝槽外之該部份導電層,包含:使用一研磨用組成物研磨該物體,以去除一部份位於該溝槽外之該部分導電層,其中該研磨用組成物包含一劣化抑制劑、一研磨料、以及水,而該劣化抑制劑用於抑制該研磨用組成物之研磨能力的劣化,且係選自多醣類及聚乙烯醇的至少一種;以及研磨該物體以去除位於該溝槽外之該部分導電層的殘留部分。
- 如請求項1所述之研磨方法,其中該研磨用組成物係一初步研磨用組成物,且其中該研磨該物體以去除位於該溝槽外之該部分導電層的該殘留部分的步驟乃是使用一最終研磨用組成物,而該最終研磨用組成物異於該初步研磨用組成物。
- 如請求項2所述之研磨方法,其中該最終研磨用組成物包含一腐蝕抑制劑,而該腐蝕抑制劑在該導電層表面上形成一保護膜。
- 如請求項2所述之研磨方法,其中該物體更包含一阻障層,其中該阻障層位於該絕緣層與該導電層之間,且一部份位於該溝槽內而一部份位於該溝槽外,其中該使用該最終研磨用組成物研磨該物體的步驟包含:使用一第一最終研磨用組成物研磨該物體,以去除一部份位於該溝槽外之該部分導電層的該殘留部分,其中該第一最終研磨用組成物同於或異於該初步研磨用組成物;以及使用一第二最終研磨用組成物研磨該物體,以去除位於該溝槽外之該部分導電層的該殘留部分以及位於該溝槽外之該部分阻障層,其中該第二最終研磨用組成物異於該初步研磨用組成物以及該第一最終 研磨用組成物。
- 如請求項4所述之研磨方法,其中該第二最終研磨用組成物包含一腐蝕抑制劑,而該腐蝕抑制劑在該導電層表面上形成一保護膜。
- 如請求項4所述之研磨方法,其中該第一最終研磨用組成物同於該初步研磨用組成物。
- 如請求項1所述之研磨方法,其中該劣化抑制劑為澱粉、澱粉果膠、肝醣、纖維素、果膠、半纖維素、聚三葡萄糖或痂囊腔菌聚糖(elsinan)。
- 如請求項7所述之研磨方法,其中該劣化抑制劑為為聚三葡萄糖。
- 如請求項1所述之研磨方法,其中該研磨用組成物更包含氧化劑、螯合劑以及腐蝕抑制劑中至少一個。
- 如請求項1所述之研磨方法,其中該研磨用組成物更包含氧化劑、螯合劑以及腐蝕抑制劑。
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- 2005-03-21 TW TW094108575A patent/TWI447213B/zh active
- 2005-03-21 US US11/085,612 patent/US7550388B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-22 SG SG200502192A patent/SG115831A1/en unknown
- 2005-03-22 EP EP05006273A patent/EP1580248A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-22 KR KR1020050023764A patent/KR101110719B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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SG115831A1 (en) | 2005-10-28 |
TWI447213B (zh) | 2014-08-01 |
KR101110719B1 (ko) | 2012-02-29 |
US20050215060A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
TW200533735A (en) | 2005-10-16 |
EP1580248A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
US7550388B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
JP4644434B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
TW201341516A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
JP2005277043A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
KR20060044569A (ko) | 2006-05-16 |
CN1837320B (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
CN1837320A (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
CN101638556A (zh) | 2010-02-03 |
CN101638556B (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
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