TWI461605B - 替代型壓縮機之活塞總成 - Google Patents

替代型壓縮機之活塞總成 Download PDF

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TWI461605B
TWI461605B TW100149001A TW100149001A TWI461605B TW I461605 B TWI461605 B TW I461605B TW 100149001 A TW100149001 A TW 100149001A TW 100149001 A TW100149001 A TW 100149001A TW I461605 B TWI461605 B TW I461605B
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piston
amorphous carbon
hydrogenated
cylinder
cylinder assembly
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
    • C23C16/27—Diamond only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0808—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/083—Nitrides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0856—Sulfides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/12—Coating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

替代型壓縮機之活塞總成
本發明係關於用於替代型壓縮機之活塞/氣缸總成，且更特定言之係關於用於線性壓縮機之活塞/氣缸總成。
壓縮機之功能為將已確定體積之流體的壓力提昇至為實現冷卻循環所需之壓力。業界已知所謂的替代型壓縮機，在此類替代型壓縮機中活塞在氣缸內部往復地滑動以進行氣體之壓縮。
在往復活塞與氣缸之間的接觸可產生高的機械損耗，且可導致在壓縮機中的損壞及永久性故障。此外，在部件之間的此類接觸可增加雜訊、操作溫度、壓縮機振動、及有效性損失，因而亦助長了設備能量功率消耗之增加。
在一些類型之壓縮機中，預測到在移動部件之間的潤滑油；然而，在針對線性壓縮機之一些應用中，油的存在為有害的。
在不使用潤滑油的情況下嘗試解決關於活塞/氣缸摩擦之此問題的過程中，已開發出在此類部件中使用特殊塗層之一些技術解決方案。
亦即(例如)在美國專利第6,641,377號及JP 2001107860中所揭示之解決方案的狀況，該等解決方案指代對壓縮機之移動部件應用DLC(類鑽碳)。
然而，甚至此等已知之解決方案並未完全解決在部件之間的應力接觸及由此導致的磨損之問題，此係因為在DLC 之粗硬尖峰上之接觸應力的集中最終導致塗層之永久性磨損。
本發明之目標
因此，本發明之目標係關於一種用於替代型壓縮機之活塞/氣缸總成，該活塞/氣缸總成提供在活塞與氣缸之間的較少摩擦，因而防止該等部件之永久性磨損。
本發明藉由提供替代型壓縮機之活塞/氣缸總成來達成上文提及之目標，其中該活塞在該氣缸內部執行往復移動，其中活塞表面及氣缸表面包含具有小於約60nm的表面粗糙度參數Rpk及小於100nm的表面粗糙度參數Rvk之表面粗糙度；且該活塞表面接收包含至少一支撐層及至少一DLC層(3)之一塗層(coating)。
在本發明之較佳實施例中，該氣缸材料包含不鏽鋼，該支撐層材料選自氮化物及硫化物，及該DLC層材料選自非氫化非晶碳、氫化非晶碳、非氫化正方晶非晶碳及氫化正方晶非晶碳。該DLC層可進一步包含金屬及非金屬合金元素。
接下來，將基於由所附圖式所呈現之執行實例來更詳細地描述本發明。
為在不會因磨損作用及潤滑油的潤滑作用之缺乏而影響有效性的情況下確保活塞/氣缸總成之正確運作，本發明提供用DLC的薄膜來塗佈該活塞之外表面，該等DLC的薄 膜與一基底塗層相關聯，該基底塗層增加了塗覆至該表面的DLC塗層之機械強度。
因此，如自圖1可見，本發明包含活塞表面1(僅說明其外表面之一部分)，活塞表面1接收較佳地由機械支撐層2及DLC層3構成之塗層。在本發明之較佳實施例中，支撐層2及DLC層3產生具有大致3微米至10微米之厚度的塗層。
該支撐層2可包含以下列形式安置之單一或多個元件：可逐漸變化之化學成份，恆定化學成份，單層或多層。
此外，支撐層2之組成可根據活塞/氣缸總成的特定設計之機械張力而變化，其中該層可包含氮化物(CrN、FeN、TiN、AlTiN、CAlTiN等)、硫化物(MoS2 及其變體，WS2 及其變體等)；及其他塗層，該等其他塗層具有在基板與DLC層之間的中間硬度以對作用於該活塞上之高負載給予機械支撐。
關於DLC層3，其由具有可變化的氫比例之碳基塗層構成，且其亦可含有下列變體：a-C：H(非氫化非晶碳)、a-C：H(氫化非晶碳)、ta-C(非氫化正方晶非晶碳)、ta-C：H(氫化正方晶非晶碳)。除此等變體以外，亦可使用添加合金元素來獲得用於每一應用之特定性質，其中將經添加合金元素之層指定為Me-DCL，其中Me指代所添加之(金屬或非金屬)元素。
DLC層3之配置亦可包含有關合金元素的比例之變體，且可為(例如)：可逐漸變化的化學成份、恆定化學成份、 單一化合物或以插入形式安置之DLC變體。
在製備將要接收DLC層之活塞表面之後進行該DLC層之塗覆。此製備涉及表面修整過程以便獲得由該等表面的形態量測所獲得之具有參數Rpk<60nm及Rvk<100nm的表面粗糙度。
為確保在活塞/氣缸總成上的摩擦減小，該氣缸表面經製備以便獲得由該等表面之形態量測所達成之具有參數Rpk<60nm及Rvk<100nm的表面粗糙度之氣缸表面。
在此意義上，圖2示意性地展示在無上文指定的粗糙度之情況下(圖a)及圖b))及在具有上文指定的粗糙度之情況下(圖c)及圖d))在表面上的DLC層之磨損。
如自圖a)及圖b)可見，在高粗糙度條件下，DLC層經歷歸因於在表面粗硬尖峰(亦即，其最終在該層上形成點狀支撐區域)中的接觸應力之集中的永久性磨損。此類永久性磨損接著留下暴露之活塞基板。
然而，當粗糙度處於本發明所提議之參數內時(諸如在圖c)及圖d)中所展示)，歸因於在該等表面之間的較大支撐區域之形成，從而造成接觸應力之減小，在DLC層上發生逐漸且緩和之磨損。
在本發明之較佳實施例中，該活塞/氣缸總成由不鏽鋼製成。
如自圖3可見，使用不鏽鋼氣缸允許歸因於部件之間的相對移動之均一分佈於兩接觸界面處的摩擦層(tribolayer)形成。歸因於來自氣缸(cylinder)及DLC層之不鏽鋼之粗硬 尖峰的消除(藉由緩和之磨損)以及在壓縮機的剩餘部件中所使用的材料之殘留及壓縮機之大氣壓施加，該摩擦層形成。
因此，藉由製造活塞/氣缸總成的部件中之一者而產生的較持久DLC層之塗層之形成確保了摩擦層之形成，該摩擦層對於摩擦配對之運作為不可缺少的，從而允許該活塞/氣缸總成在無顯著磨損的情況下運作，允許低摩擦及適宜持久性。
應理解基於以上圖式之此描述僅指代本發明之目標之可能實施例中之一者，其中需保護的該目標之真實範疇由所附申請專利範圍來界定。
1‧‧‧活塞表面
2‧‧‧機械支撐層
3‧‧‧類鑽碳(DLC)層
圖1說明根據本發明之較佳實施例的活塞/氣缸總成之塗層的示意圖。
圖1說明根據本發明之較佳實施例的活塞/氣缸總成之塗層的示意圖。
圖2說明在本發明與當前技術的解決方案之間的比較性圖解呈現。
圖3說明根據本發明之較佳實施例的活塞/氣缸總成之經塗佈表面的示意性呈現。
(無元件符號說明)

Claims (6)

  1. 一種用於一替代型壓縮機之活塞/氣缸總成，其中該活塞在該氣缸內部執行一往復移動，其特徵在於：活塞表面(1)及氣缸表面具有一小於約60nm之表面粗糙度參數Rpk及一小於100nm之表面粗糙度參數Rvk；該活塞表面(1)接收包含至少一支撐層(2)及至少一DLC層(3)之一塗層。
  2. 如請求項1之活塞/氣缸總成，其中該氣缸材料為不鏽鋼。
  3. 如請求項1或2之活塞/氣缸總成，其中該支撐層(2)之材料選自氮化物及硫化物。
  4. 如請求項1或2之活塞/氣缸總成，其中該DLC層(3)之成份包括由非氫化非晶碳、氫化非晶碳、非氫化正方晶非晶碳及氫化正方晶非晶碳或該等材料所組成之選擇群組的至少其中之一。
  5. 如請求項4之活塞/氣缸總成，其中該DLC層(3)進一步包含金屬或非金屬合金元素。
  6. 如請求項3之活塞/氣缸總成，其中該DLC層(3)之成份包括由非氫化非晶碳、氫化非晶碳、非氫化正方晶非晶碳及氫化正方晶非晶碳或該等材料所組成之選擇群組的至少其中之一。
TW100149001A 2010-12-27 2011-12-27 替代型壓縮機之活塞總成 TWI461605B (zh)

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CN104251191B (zh) 2013-06-28 2017-05-03 Lg电子株式会社 线性压缩机
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CA3026828C (en) * 2016-07-29 2024-04-23 Industries Mailhot Inc. A cylinder piston rod and method of fabrication thereof

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AR084603A1 (es) 2013-05-29
CN103298972A (zh) 2013-09-11
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SG191408A1 (en) 2013-08-30
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