CN103298972B - 用于往复式压缩机的活塞组件 - Google Patents

用于往复式压缩机的活塞组件 Download PDF

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CN103298972B
CN103298972B CN201180064821.6A CN201180064821A CN103298972B CN 103298972 B CN103298972 B CN 103298972B CN 201180064821 A CN201180064821 A CN 201180064821A CN 103298972 B CN103298972 B CN 103298972B
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M·希尔瓦里奥
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
    • C23C16/27—Diamond only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0808—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/083—Nitrides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0856—Sulfides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/12—Coating

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于往复式压缩机的活塞/气缸组件，其中所述活塞在所述气缸内执行往复运动，其中活塞表面（1）和气缸表面具有小于大约60nm的表面粗糙度参数Rpk和小于100nm的表面粗糙度参数Rvk；并且所述活塞表面（1）接纳覆盖层，所述覆盖层包括至少一个支撑层（2）和至少一个类金刚石碳层（3）。

Description

用于往复式压缩机的活塞组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于往复式(alternative)压缩机的活塞/气缸组件，并且更具体地，涉及用于线性压缩机的活塞/气缸组件。
背景技术
压缩机的功能是将确定体积的流体的压力提高到实现制冷循环所需的压力。从现有技术已知活塞在气缸内往复滑动以执行气体的压缩的所谓往复式压缩机。
往复运动的活塞和气缸之间的接触会产生高的机械损失，并且可以引起压缩机的损坏和过早失效。此外，部件之间的这种接触会增大噪音、操作温度、压缩机振动和有效性的损失，因此也促成设备能源消耗的增加。
在一些类型的压缩机中，可以在运动部件之间使用润滑油；然而，在线性压缩机的一些应用中，油的存在是有害的。
为了解决与活塞/气缸摩擦有关的这个问题并且不使用润滑油，已经开发出在这种部件中使用特殊覆盖层的一些技术方案。
例如，就是美国专利6,641,337和JP 2001107860中公开的方案的情况，该方案涉及DLC(类金刚石碳)用于压缩机的可动部件。
然而，即使这些已知的方案也不能完全解决部件之间的应力接触和因此的磨损的问题，这是由于在DLC的尖峰上的接触应力的集中最后引起覆盖层的过早磨损。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目标涉及用于往复式压缩机的活塞/气缸组件，该活塞/气缸组件在活塞和气缸之间提供较小的摩擦，因此防止部件的过早磨损。
本发明通过提供用于往复式压缩机的活塞/气缸组件而实现上述目标，其中所述活塞在所述气缸内执行往复运动，其中活塞表面和气缸表面包括表面粗糙度，该表面粗糙度具有小于大约60nm的表面粗糙度参数Rpk和小于100nm的表面粗糙度参数Rvk；并且所述活塞表面接纳覆盖层，所述覆盖层包括至少一个支撑层和至少一个类金刚石碳层(3)。
在本发明的优选实施例中，所述气缸材料包括不锈钢，支撑层材料选自氮化物和硫化物，并且所述类金刚石碳层材料选自非氢化无定形碳、氢化无定形碳、非氢化正方无定形碳和氢化正方无定形碳。所述类金刚石碳层还可以包括金属和非金属合金元素。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的优选实施例的活塞/气缸组件的覆盖层的示意图。
图2示出本发明和现有技术的方案之间的对比图示。
图3示出根据本发明的优选实施例的活塞/气缸组件的被覆盖的表面的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面，将基于附图提供的实施例更详细地描述本发明。
为了保证活塞/气缸组件的正确运行而不受在没有通过润滑油的润滑的情况下的磨损作用的影响，本发明采用与基础覆盖层关联的类金刚石碳的薄膜涂覆活塞的外表面，该基础覆盖层增加施加到该表面的类金刚石碳覆盖层的机械强度。
因此，如从图1可以看到的，本发明包括活塞1(仅示出其外表面的一部分)，该活塞接纳优选地由机械支撑层2和类金刚石碳层3组成的覆盖层。在本发明的优选实施例中，支撑层2和类金刚石碳层3产生具有近似3-10微米的厚度的覆盖层。
所述支撑层2可以包括以以下形式布置的单个或多个元件：可以逐渐变化的化学成分、不变的化学成分、单层或多层。
此外，支撑层2的成分可以根据活塞/气缸组件的具体设计的机械张力而变化，其中所述层可以包括：氮化物(CrN，FeN，TiN，ΑlΤiΝ，CAlTiN等等)、硫化物(MoS2和变体，WS2和变体等等)；和其它覆盖层，该其它覆盖层具有基材和类金刚石碳之间的中间硬度以便给予作用在活塞上的高载荷机械支撑。
关于类金刚石碳层3，它由基于碳的覆盖层组成，该覆盖层具有可变比例的氢，并且它也可以包含以下变体：a-C:H(非氢化无定形碳)；a-C:H(氢化无定形碳)；ta-C(非氢化正方无定形碳)；ta-C:H(氢化正方无定形碳)。除了这些变体外，添加合金元素也可以用于为每一种应用获得特定性质，其中添加有合金元素的层被指定为Me-DCL，其中Me指(金属或非金属的)添加的元素。
层3的布置也可以包括涉及合金元素的比例的变体，并且该变体可以是例如：可以逐渐变化的化学成分；不变的化学成分；单体化合物；或以夹层形式布置的类金刚石碳变体。
在制备将接纳类金刚石碳层的活塞表面之后，执行类金刚石碳层的施加。这种制备涉及表面精加工过程以便获得通过表面的地形学测量获得的参数Rpk<60nm并且Rvk<100nm的表面粗糙度。
为了保证活塞/气缸组件上的摩擦的减小，制备气缸表面以便获得通过表面的地形学测量获得的参数Rpk<60nm并且Rvk<100nm的表面粗糙度的气缸表面。
在这个意义上，图2示意性地示出没有上面指定的粗糙度(图a)和b))和具有上面指定的粗糙度(图c)和d))的表面上的类金刚石碳层的磨损。
如从图a)和b)可以看到的，在高的粗糙度条件下，由于表面尖峰(即，它们最后在该层上形成点支撑区域)中的接触应力的集中，类金刚石碳层经受过早磨损。然后，这种过早磨损使得活塞基材暴露。
然而，当粗糙度在本发明提出的参数内时(诸如图c)和d)中所示)，由于在该表面之间形成较大支撑面积导致接触应力减小，发生类金刚石碳层上的逐渐的且轻微的磨损。
在本发明的优选实施例中，所述活塞/气缸组件由不锈钢制成。
如从图3可以看到的，不锈钢气缸的使用允许由于部件之间的相对运动而均匀地分布在两个接触界面的摩擦层形成。由于从气缸的不锈钢和类金刚石碳消除(通过轻微磨损)尖峰并且消除用于压缩机的剩余部件及其气氛应用的材料残余，形成所述摩擦层。
因此，通过制造活塞/气缸组件的一个部件的更持久的类金刚石碳覆盖层的形成保证摩擦层的形成，该摩擦层对于摩擦对的工作来说是必要的，允许活塞/气缸组件没有显著磨损地工作，具有低的摩擦且合适的耐久性。
应当解释，基于上述图的本描述仅涉及本发明的目标的可能实施例的一个，其中要被保护的目标的真实范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于往复式压缩机的干工作活塞－气缸组件，其中，所述活塞在所述气缸内执行往复运动，其特征在于：
气缸表面具有小于60nm的表面粗糙度参数Rpk和小于100nm的表面粗糙度参数Rvk；
在接纳覆盖层之前，活塞表面(1)具有小于60nm的表面粗糙度参数Rpk和小于100nm的表面粗糙度参数Rvk；
所述活塞表面(1)接纳覆盖层，所述覆盖层包括至少一个支撑层(2)和至少一个类金刚石碳层(3)；
其中所述活塞表面(1)上的覆盖层能够逐渐地磨损。
2.根据权利要求1所述的干工作活塞－气缸组件，其特征在于，所述气缸的材料是不锈钢。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的干工作活塞－气缸组件，其特征在于，所述支撑层(2)的材料选自氮化物和硫化物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的干工作活塞－气缸组件，其特征在于，所述类金刚石碳层(3)的材料选自非氢化无定形碳、氢化无定形碳、非氢化正方无定形碳和氢化正方无定形碳，或其组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的干工作活塞－气缸组件，其特征在于，所述类金刚石碳层(3)还包括金属或非金属的合金元素。
CN201180064821.6A 2010-12-27 2011-12-08 用于往复式压缩机的活塞组件 Expired - Fee Related CN103298972B (zh)

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