TWI428133B - 作為抗發炎劑及抗癌劑之糖皮質素的脂肪酸酯 - Google Patents
作為抗發炎劑及抗癌劑之糖皮質素的脂肪酸酯 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI428133B TWI428133B TW097109460A TW97109460A TWI428133B TW I428133 B TWI428133 B TW I428133B TW 097109460 A TW097109460 A TW 097109460A TW 97109460 A TW97109460 A TW 97109460A TW I428133 B TWI428133 B TW I428133B
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- oleic acid
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- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J31/00—Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
- C07J31/006—Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J31/003
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/38—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the suprarenal hormones
- A61P5/44—Glucocorticosteroids; Drugs increasing or potentiating the activity of glucocorticosteroids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J71/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton is condensed with a heterocyclic ring
- C07J71/0005—Oxygen-containing hetero ring
- C07J71/0026—Oxygen-containing hetero ring cyclic ketals
- C07J71/0031—Oxygen-containing hetero ring cyclic ketals at positions 16, 17
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於某種具療效之糖皮質素的不飽和脂肪酸衍生物和含有這些衍生物的製藥配方。在本專利說明書和申請專利範圍中,該衍生物被稱為”式(I)的化合物”。式(I)的化合物可以用於癌症和發炎的治療。血液和固體癌與抗類固醇癌症,氣喘和抗類固醇發炎與COPD的治療皆包括在內。
糖皮質素被廣泛用於發炎的治療,例如氣喘、風濕性關節炎、發炎型腸病和自體免疫疾病。糖皮質素也是治療孩童急性淋巴胚細胞白血病(ALL)的基礎藥(1)。雖然它們被普遍用於慢性發炎和癌症的治療,但其最適功效卻受限於先天抗藥性或後天抗藥性。在發炎型腸病病患的處理上,類固醇抗性也是一個主要的問題(2)。少數的氣喘患者對於皮質類固醇療法並沒有良好反應或者是完全沒反應(3)。雖然與血液癌症相比,有關糖皮質素抗性在風濕性關節炎方面的爭論較少被好好探究,但後兩者共享相同的抵抗性機制,並且在疾病治療之後克服抵抗性的策略將會相互影響(7)。
糖皮質素的有利效果被認為是藉由抑制發炎基因表現的方式來調控。它們藉由與局限於細胞溶質內的單一受體(糖皮質素受體,GR)結合的方式來發揮作用。在活化時,GR易位至細胞核,在該處開啟了抗發炎基因(轉活化)或是關掉發炎基因(轉抑制)(4)。基因誘導會要求GR二聚反應並
且將DNA與位於反應基因之啟動子區域中的特定GR反應元(GREs)結合。糖皮質素可增加抗發炎蛋白質(如脂皮質素-1和介白素-10)之基因編碼的轉錄作用。糖皮質素最突出的效果就是抑制多種發炎基因(細胞介質、酵素、受體和黏著分子)的表現。促發炎細胞介質顆粒球-巨噬細胞聚落-刺激因子(GM-CSF)就是一個例子。糖皮質素係藉由活化GRs和活化轉錄因子〔如細胞核因子-(NF)和活化蛋白-1(AP-1)〕之間的交互作用來調控這種抑制效果,其調節了發炎基因表現。GM-CSF在發炎和自體免疫疾病方面扮演了關鍵性的角色,並且GM-CSF耗盡已被確認為抑制疾病徵兆的一項單獨的藥物標的(8)。
糖皮質素的使用會受到嚴重副作用的限制(5),這是由於它們的內分泌和代謝作用,可能是藉著直接GR調節標的基因的誘導轉錄調節來予以調控。已報導的潛在負面效應包括骨質疏鬆症以及下視丘-腦下垂體-腎上腺皮質軸的抑制,經過全身使用之後,減緩兒童的生長速度、流失骨質、眼睛症候群,並且在吸入皮質類固醇之後會造成皮膚改變(6)。同時以組織和途徑的特定方式來調節轉活化和轉抑制,可以改善治療指數,並且使得高選擇的新皮質類固醇(6)對於發炎或癌症具有更高的治療效果以及更少的副作用,這是因為GR調節基因的較低轉錄調節作用對於副作用相當重要的緣故。
此外,糖皮質素抗癌效果的機制也確實與GR和其控制細胞死亡/凋亡蛋白質表現之標的基因之間的互動有關。
U937和THP1細胞株為人類單核細胞/巨噬細胞,並且代表用來測試抗發炎和抗癌活性的細胞株模式系統,這些細胞株也與糖皮質素抗性有關,因為它們可以藉由地塞米松(dexamethasone)和去氫皮質醇(prednisolone)來抵抗成長抑制(7)。
共同受讓的公報WO98/32718中敘述了腎上腺皮質類固醇,其可衍生具有親脂基。其中所提及的化合物包括貝它米松(betamethasone)、地塞米松和倍氯米松(beclomethasone)。這些衍生化合物被用來治療發炎。
亞丁皮質醇(budesonide)的脂肪酸共軛物,特別是亞丁皮質醇的油酸酯、棕櫚酸酯、亞麻油酸酯、棕櫚油酸酯和花生四烯酸酯曾經被描述。這些共軛物是在處理發炎的過程中形成的,特別是氣喘,但是所提到之類固醇的脂肪酸共軛物據說是藥理上惰性的類脂質共軛物(12)。
本發明已驚人的證明某些糖皮質素的不飽和脂肪酸衍生物可展現出新發現的且令人驚異的治療活性。有許多種該類衍生物構成了以前未曾描述過的新化學化合物。與過去的糖皮質素衍生物相比,本發明之衍生物已被證實具有較高的活性和較少的副作用,並且它們在抗類固醇系統中已顯示具有活性。
已知糖皮質素在癌症和發炎的治療方面佔有一席之地。以糖皮質進行治療所造成的先天或後天抗藥性已為人所熟知。據報載,人類U937和THP1單核細胞/巨噬細胞係代表一種細胞株模式系統,特徵在於其對於糖皮質素地塞
米松和去氫皮質醇的先天抗藥性(7)。我們已確認這些發現,並且此外還顯示這些細胞對於強效的類固醇氟替卡松丙酸酯(fluticasone propionate)具交叉抗藥性,直到100μM仍沒有活性。
如同在實施例中所說明,我們驚訝的發現糖皮質素脂肪酸衍生物在這些抗藥細胞株中的具有高的抗增生活性。這項發現可用來治療對於已知糖皮質素治療具有抵抗性的疾病。
我們驚訝的發現,糖皮質素脂肪酸衍生物可提高抗發炎活性,並且對於與副作用有關之基因活化情形較不明顯。與丙酸氟替卡松相比,氟替卡松反油酸衍生物在活化的肺細胞中被觀察到對細胞介質GM-CSF釋放具有22倍更強的抑制效果。同時發現在副作用方面降低了7倍。副作用是以GRE反應元的活化來呈現。對於此系統中之類固醇衍生物的基因活化少了85%,而活化情形是副作用的一種量度方式。這些結果使相關治療指數提高了154倍。
因此,本發明係關於式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類:
其中X1
和X2
獨立地代表H或F:R1
代表OH、OCH2
CH3
、OCH2
Cl、SCH2
F、CH2
OCOCH(CH3
)2
、CH2
-O-R4
或O-R4
;R2
代表OCOEt、OCOCHCl2
、OCO2
CH2
CH3
或O-R4
;R3
代表H、CH3
或OH;或者是R2
和R3
,與它們所連結的碳原子一起形成2-R5
,R6
-1,3-二氧戊環,其中R5
和R6
獨立地代表H、C1
-C6
烷基或C3
-C6
環烷基;R4
代表H或一般式如下所示之C8
-C24
醯基CH3
-(CH2
)k
-(CH=CH-CH2
)1
-(CH=CH)m
-(CH2
)n
-CO (II)其中k為0到10的整數,1為0到6的整數,m為0到1的整數,並且n為2到7的整數;其附帶條件如下:一當X1
為F時,X2
不是H;一至少有一個一般式(II)的醯基出現在化合物中;以及一式(I)的化合物不是以下化合物:亞丁皮質醇油酸酯、亞丁皮質醇棕櫚酸酯、亞丁皮質醇亞麻油酸酯、亞丁皮質醇棕櫚油酸酯和亞丁皮質醇花生四烯酸酯。
在本發明的一個較佳實施實例中,式(I)之化合物為一種化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,其中X1
和X2
皆代表F;R1
代表SCH2
F;R2
代表OCOEt或O-R4
;R3
代表CH3
;R4
代表H或一般式如下所示之C8
-C24
醯基
CH3
-(CH2
)k
-(CH=CH-CH2
)1
-(CH=CH)m
-(CH2
)n
-CO (II)其中k為0到10的整數,1為0到6的整數,m為0到1的整數,並且n為2到7的整數;其附帶條件為至少有一個一般式(II)的醯基出現在化合物中。
在本發明的另一個實施實例中,其為式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,其中X1
和X2
皆代表H;R1
代表CH2
-O-R4
;R2
和R3
,與它們所連結的碳原子一起形成2-R5
,R6
-1,3-二氧戊環,其中R5
和R6
代表H、C1
-C6
烷基或C3
-C6
環烷基;R4
代表H或一般式如下所示之C8
-C24
醯基CH3
-(CH2
)k
-(CH=CH-CH2
)1
-(CH=CH)m
-(CH2
)n
-CO (II)其中k為0到10的整數,1為0到6的整數,m為0到1的整數,並且n為2到7的整數;其附帶條件為至少有一個一般式(II)的醯基出現在化合物中。
本發明還有一個實施實例是式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,其中X1
和X2
皆代表F;R1
代表O-R4
;R2
代表O-R4
;R3
代表CH3
;R4
代表H或一般式如下所示之C8
-C24
醯基CH3
-(CH2
)k
-(CH=CH-CH2
)1
-(CH=CH)m
-(CH2
)n
-CO (II)
其中k為0到10的整數,1為0到6的整數,m為0到1的整數,並且n為2到7的整數;其附帶條件為至少有一個一般式(II)的醯基出現在化合物中。
本發明之較佳化合物實例可為以下之化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,但非侷限於此:
式(I)的化合物可用來治療疾病。說的更明確一點,式(I)的化合物可用來治療癌症。與此相關的癌症包括血液癌症、固體癌和抗類固醇癌症。這些化合物也可用來治療發
炎。更明確來說,這些化合物相當適合用於治療抗類固醇發炎的病症。式(I)的化合物也可用來處理COPD(慢性阻塞性肺部疾病)。
本發明之化合物與基礎類固醇相比,其所引起的副作用較少,並且具有較具體的抗發炎活性。
本發明之化合物通常會在給病人服用之前配製成醫藥組成物,但非必需。因此,在本發明的其它方面係針對包含本發明化合物和一或多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑的醫藥組成物。
該賦形劑係依照所需的醫藥形式和所需的投藥模式來選擇。經由所需的投藥途徑,該賦形劑與本發明式(I)的化合物一起被配製成適合病人用藥的形式。因此投藥形式包括適合:(a)吸入式投藥,如噴霧劑、溶液和乾粉;(b)局部投藥,如乳霜、乳液、糊狀物、軟膏、溶液、噴液和凝膠;(c)靜脈投藥,如無菌溶液、懸浮液和復水粉末;(d)口服投藥,如藥錠、膠囊、藥丸、藥粉、糖漿、酏劑、懸浮液、溶液、乳濁液和小藥袋。式(I)的化合物也可以眼藥水的形式投藥。
適合之醫藥上可接受的賦形劑將會隨著特殊給藥的形式而改變。醫藥上可接受的賦形劑包括,尤其是以下賦形劑:稀釋劑、潤滑劑、填料、崩解劑、溶劑、濕潤劑、懸浮劑、乳化劑、粒化劑、塗佈劑、黏合劑、調味劑、氣味掩蔽劑、甜化劑、塑化劑、增黏劑、抗氧化劑、安定劑、界面活性劑和緩衝劑。某些賦形劑可扮演一項以上的功能。
適合的稀釋劑和填料包括乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、馬鈴薯澱粉、玉米澱粉、預糊化澱粉、纖維素和其衍生物。適合的黏合劑包括澱粉、明膠、阿拉伯樹膠、褐藻酸鈉、褐藻酸、黃蓍膠、古亞膠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以及纖維素和其衍生物。適合的崩解劑包括甘醇酸澱粉鈉、褐藻酸、交聯聚維酮(crospovidone)和羧甲基纖維素鈉。
為了控制釋放藥物,式(I)的化合物也可以與可生物降解的聚合物偶合。
本發明之醫藥組成物可以利用此技術領域中具有專門知識者所知的方法和技術來製備。
因此,本發明一方面係關於如申請專利範圍第9至12項之式(I)化合物,其係用於治療癌症。
本發明另一方面則是關於如申請專利範圍第14至21項之式(I)化合物的用途,其係用來製備治療所述疾病之醫藥組成物。
式(I)的化合物可以依照以下所舉例的方式來製備。
11β-氟替卡松丙酸酯的反油酸酯
在氟替卡松丙酸酯(1.02克,2.04毫莫耳)的二氯甲烷
(35毫升)溶液中,添加反油酸(576毫克,2.04毫莫耳),接著再加入4-(二甲基胺基)吡啶(249毫克,2.04毫莫耳)和1,3-二環己碳二醯亞胺(421毫克,2.04毫莫耳)。將所得的溶液攪拌24小時,此時TLC顯示出還剩下大量的起始原料。將混合物在真空中濃縮(~10毫升溶液),並且再攪拌140小時。將混合物在真空中進一步濃縮,並且藉由快速層析法在矽凝膠上以己烷/EtOAc(3:1)加以沖提使之純化,而得到1.23克(79%)所需的化合物,其為無色的油。
6α,9α-二氟-11β,17α-二羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-羧酸
在氟米松(1.19克,2.9毫莫耳)的四氫呋喃(11毫升)懸浮液中,添加過碘酸(2.25克,9.9毫莫耳)的水(5.3毫升)溶液。將所得的溶液在室溫下攪拌1小時。在真空中去除四氫呋喃而留下了水性懸浮液,接著予以過濾,並且以水來沖洗固體同時予以乾燥,而產生了1.17克(100%)標題所示的化合物,其為無色固體。
6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-羧酸
在6α,9α-二氟-11β,17α-二羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-羧酸(1.22克,3.1毫莫耳)和三乙胺(0.72克,7.1毫莫耳)的丙酮(25毫升)溶液中,加入反油酸醯氯的二氯甲烷(10毫升)溶液。反油酸醯氯係由反油酸(2.0克,7.1毫莫耳)、草醯氯(2.6毫升,30毫莫耳)和DMF(催化數量)在甲苯(45毫升)中於室溫下攪拌17小時並且接著蒸發乾燥而製得。將所得的混合物在室溫下攪拌2小時,以二乙胺(0.97毫升,9.2毫莫耳)來處理並且將所得之溶液在室溫下繼續攪拌1.5小時。接著加入1M的鹽酸,並且以二氯甲烷(3x50毫升)來萃取此混合物。將化合的有機萃取物予以乾燥(Na2
SO4
),在真空中過濾及移除。將粗製產物溶解於EtOAc中,加入己烷,並且在冰箱中放置整晚。以過濾的方式來收集所獲得之灰白色固體(2.07克,含有一些N,N-二乙基醯胺),予以乾燥,並且直接用於下一個步驟。藉由快速層析法在矽凝膠上以己烷/EtOAc(4:1)沖提,接著再以己烷/EtOAc/AcOH(100:100:1)沖提的方式來純化一些標題所示之化合物(170毫克),而得到123毫克(72%)的白色固體。
6α,9α-二氟-17β-(N
,N
-二甲基胺甲醯硫)羰基-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯
在室溫下,連續以三乙胺(0.58克,5.8毫莫耳)、無水
碘化鈉(0.43克,2.9毫莫耳)和水(0.91毫升,具有10% w/w類固醇)來處理6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-羧酸(1.9克,2.9毫莫耳)和N,N-二甲基硫胺甲醯氯(0.71克,5.8毫莫耳)的丙酮(40毫升)溶液。將此溶液攪拌18小時,加入水(100毫升)和EtOAc(100毫升),並且使相分離。以1M鹽酸、5%的碳酸氫鈉水溶液、水來沖洗有機相,予以乾燥(Na2
SO4
),在真空中過濾及移除。藉由快速層析法在矽凝膠上以己烷/EtOAc(3:2)沖提,而製得1.55克標題所示之化合物(~70%,兩步驟),其為黃色固體。
6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲酸
將6α,9α-二氟-17β-(N,N-二甲基胺甲醯硫)羰基-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯(1.55克,2.1毫莫耳)的二乙胺(16毫升)溶液迴流3小時。將此溶液冷卻至室溫,倒入冷的3M鹽酸(150毫升)並且以EtOAc(2x150毫升)來進行萃取。在進行乾燥(Na2
SO4
)之前,以水和鹵水來沖洗此化合的有機萃取物,在真空中過濾及移除。將粗製產物(1.35克,灰白色固體)直接用於下一個步驟。
S-氯甲基-6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧
代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲酸酯
在6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲酸(1.35克,2毫莫耳)的二氯甲烷(40毫升)攪拌溶液中,加入三乙胺(0.28毫升,2毫莫耳),接著再加入氯碘甲烷(0.56毫升,8毫莫耳)。將所得的溶液在室溫下攪拌70小時,加入飽和的氯化銨水溶液,並且使相分離。以二氯甲烷(2x)來萃取水相,並且乾燥化合的有機相(Na2
SO4
),在真空中過濾及蒸發。藉由快速層析法在矽凝膠上以己烷/EtOAc(3:1)沖提,而製得1.04克標題所示之化合物(72%),其為無色固體。
S-碘甲基-6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲三酯
將S-氯甲基-6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲酸酯(1.04克,1.4毫莫耳)的丙酮(100毫升)溶液加入碘化鈉(0.86克,5.7毫
莫耳)並且迴流22小時。將溶劑在真空中蒸發,並且將殘留物溶解於EtOAc,接著以水、10%的碳酸氫鈉水溶液、水來沖洗,予以乾燥(Na2
SO4
),在真空中過濾及蒸發。將粗製產物(1.1克)直接用於下一個步驟。
S-氟甲基-6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲酸酯
在S-碘甲基6α,9α-二氟-16α-反油酸醯氧基-11β-羥基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫甲酸酯(1.1克,1.35毫莫耳)的乙睛(65毫升)溶液中,加入氟化銀(1.7克,13.5毫莫耳),並且在室溫下於黑暗中攪拌40小時。以EtOAc來稀釋此混合物,並且通過矽藻土和矽凝膠的短管填充段來進行過濾。用水沖洗濾液,予以乾燥(Na2
SO4
),並且在真空中過濾及蒸發。粗製產物的1
H NMR分析結果顯示有一些未反應的氯化物殘留,重覆進行最後兩個步驟以使得氯化物完全轉化為氟化物。接著藉由快速層析法在矽凝膠上以己烷/EtOAc(3:1)沖提,而產生0.65克標題所示之化合物(46%,兩步驟),其為無色固體。
以下實施例係用來說明本發明。然而,這些實施例並非意圖對本發明之範疇加以限制。
將U937和THP-1細胞株植入96-微孔盤,每個微孔20,000個細胞。在每一個微孔中加入50μl的細胞培養基。在此同時,添加5種不同濃度的測試化合物,並且培育48小時。使用CellTiter 96非放射性細胞增生鑑定(Promega)來研究在這些細胞中測試化合物的細胞毒素。這種鑑定是一種比色法,其係用於測量增生或化學敏感性鑑定中之活細胞數目。它是由新穎的四唑化合物(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧甲氧苯基)-2-(4-磺苯基)-2H-四唑,內鹽;MTS)和電子偶合試劑〔啡甲氧硫酸鹽;PMS〕之溶液所組成。MTS係藉由細胞生物還原成甲產物,其可溶解於組織培養基中。甲在490 nm下的吸光度可直接由96-微孔鑑定盤來量測,而不須另外處理。藉由490 nm的吸光度來量測甲產物的數量時,該數量直接與培養物中的活細胞數(1C50
值)成正比。測試化合物為氟替卡松丙酸酯和氟替卡松反油酸衍生物。在這種抗糖皮質素的細胞株中,氟替卡松反油酸對於IC50
值在毫莫耳範圍內有非常強的影響力,U937則是最敏感的。
如同在別的文章中所述(9),將猴子的腎COS-1細胞(ATCC CRL 1650)置於Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium細胞培養液
(Gibco BRL,格蘭德島,紐約州)中生長。如別的文章中所述(10)的方式來進行COS-1細胞的過渡性轉染。以2x105
個細胞/每孔的密度來植入細胞。每個微孔可接收到5μg的測試質體、5μg做為內部控制的β-半乳糖苷酶控制質體,還有以2μg的表現質體(pMT-hGR)或者是pGL-3basic做為載體。質體細節為:有關老鼠PPARα基因在其它文章中有所描述(11)。在控制PPARα 5’-側區和啟動區的控制之下,LUC報導基因的媒介體表現係在pGL3-LUC媒介體(Promega)中建構。在-2800bp和+100bp之間的PPARα5’-側序列被複製成NheI消化pGL3-LUC而產生PPAR(-2800/+100)LUC質體。每次轉染皆進行變成三倍。細胞在隨著含有配位體之新鮮介質植入之後,進行24小時轉染。在72小時之後,將這些細胞收成,製備細胞溶質萃取物,並且依照Promega協定來量測LUC活動。將所測得β-半乳糖苷酶活性的結果進行常規化,其係在30℃及420 nm讀取吸光度的條件下,以0.28毫克的鄰-硝苯基-D-半乳糖苷(ONPG)在50mM磷酸鹽緩衝液pH 7.0、10mM KCl、1 mM MgCl2
中培養100μl萃取物。
測試化合物為氟替卡松丙酸酯、氟替卡松反油酸衍生物和氟米松-反油酸酯衍生物。這種類固醇化合物,氟替卡松丙酸酯能夠誘發報導基因活性達100%,然而,令人驚訝的,氟替卡松反油酸酯衍生物和氟米松反油酸酯衍生物只能分別誘發報導基因活性15%及2%。這種類固醇類似物在基因表現副作用的基因活化方面非常不強烈。
以1L-1β-刺激A549 TRE(AP-1調節)細胞24小時之後,造成顆粒球-巨噬細胞聚落-刺激因子(GM-CSF)的增加。在與測試化合物接觸24小時之後,量測GM-CSF釋放的抑制情形。氟替卡松反油酸酯衍生物對於1L-1β-受激GM-CSF在A549 TRE細胞中的釋放產生了與濃度相關的抑制效果,其IC50
=1.4x10-11
M。氟替卡松丙酸酯對於GM-CSF在A549 TRE細胞中的釋放產生了與濃度相關的抑制效果,其IC50
=3.1x10-10
M(表3)。氟替卡松反油酸酯衍生物在抑制GM-CSF釋放的效果上強22倍,也就是在這次鑑定中有22倍更強的抗發炎作用。
在穩定轉染的A549 GRE-螢光素酶細胞中,觀察到GRE-螢光素酶活性的誘發。與氟替卡松丙酸酯接觸的A549 GRE-螢光素酶細胞之GRE-螢光素酶報導基因濃度相關的活性誘發相比(其造成螢光素酶活性的最大刺激為EC50=5.1x10-10
M),在A549 GRE-螢光素酶細胞中,未見其對GRE-螢光素酶活性有任何效果。
令人驚訝的,與氟替卡松反油酸酯衍生物對於GRE-螢光素酶沒有效果的情形相比,氟替卡松反油酸酯衍生物對於GM-CSF的抑制效果可增加超過20倍。在這個測試系
統中,這也表示其具有較高的治療指數。
1.急性淋巴胚細胞白血病細胞中對去氫皮質醇具反應性之基因的基因組鑑定,Tissing W.J.等人, 血液
,2007,1月11日
2.做為腸道藥物排出幫浦P-醣蛋白之基質之亞丁皮質醇和去氫皮質醇的辨識,Dilger K.等人, 發炎性腸道疾病2004
,九月;10(5):578-83
3.類固醇作用的機轉和抗發炎性,J.M.Adcock和S.J.Lane, 內分泌學期刊
(2003)178,347-355
4.糖皮質素的抗發炎作用:分子機轉,Barnes等人(1998), 臨床科學期刊
94,557-572
5.吸入性皮質類固醇:過去的教訓和未來的議題,Allen D.B.等人, 過敏性臨床免疫學期刊
,2003;112,1-40頁
6.設計用於肺選擇性之皮質類固醇藥物;K.Biggadike,I.Uings和S.N.Farrow; 美國胸腔學會論文集
,第1冊,352-355頁,2004
7.藉由受體(α)正向調節和糖皮質醇-誘導細胞死亡以柳氮磺胺咇啶使人類單核細胞/巨噬細胞對糖皮質素敏化,Oerlemans R.等人, 風濕性關節炎年報
,2007年1月31日
8.發炎和自體免疫疾病中的GM-CSF,Hamilton J.A., 免疫學趨勢
,2002,8月,23(8);403-8
9.培養脲循環五種酵素時所維持肝癌系胞之單株品系的建立.Richardson U.I.,Snodgrass P.J.,Nuzum C.T.,Ysshjian A.H.,Jr.(1974) 細胞生理學期刊
83:141-149
10.人類腺病毒5DNA感染力鑑定之新技術,Grabam等人(1973), 病毒學
52:456-467
11.老鼠過氧化體增生劑活化受體基因之結構,Gearing等人(1994), BBRC
199,255-
12.在人類肺部和肝微粒體中的一種抗氣喘糖皮質素-亞丁皮質醇之脂肪酸酯的可逆形成,Tunej,A.sjodin,K.和Hallstrom,G.,藥物的代謝與處置,25(11);1311-7(1997)
Claims (13)
- 一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物,其定義為:
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,其中X1 和X2 皆代表F;R1 代表O-R4 ;R2 代表O-R4 ;R3 代表CH3 ;R4 代表H或反油酸殘基;其附帶條件為至少有一個反油酸殘基出現在化合物中。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,其中X1 和X2 皆代表H;R1 代表OCH2 CH3 、OCH2 Cl或O-R4 ;R2 代表OCOCHCl2 、OCO2 CH2 CH3 或O-R4 ;R3 代表H;R4 代表H或反油酸殘基;其附帶條件為至少有一個反油酸殘基出現在化合物中。
- 一種化合物,其定義為:
- 一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類之用途,其係用於製備治療血液癌症、固體癌和抗類固醇癌症用的醫藥組成物,
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之用途,其係用於製備治療血液癌症用的醫藥組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之用途,其係用於製備治療抗類固醇癌症用的醫藥組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之用途,其係用於製備輔助性和/或舒緩性治療用的醫藥組成物。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製備治療發炎用的醫藥組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之用途,其係用於製備治療抗類固醇發炎用的醫藥組成物。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類之用途,其係用於製備治療慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)用的醫藥組成物。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包括如申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物,以及醫藥上可接受的賦形劑、載體和/或稀釋劑。
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PT105723B (pt) * | 2011-05-26 | 2014-03-24 | Hovione Farmaci Ncia S A | Método para a preparação de compostos orgânicos biologicamente activos |
US9155747B2 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2015-10-13 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Isoxazolidine derivatives |
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CA2680155A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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TW200846010A (en) | 2008-12-01 |
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CN101687904A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
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WO2008115069A2 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
US20100099654A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
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