TWI415819B - Ferrite compositions and electronic parts - Google Patents
Ferrite compositions and electronic parts Download PDFInfo
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- TWI415819B TWI415819B TW100106369A TW100106369A TWI415819B TW I415819 B TWI415819 B TW I415819B TW 100106369 A TW100106369 A TW 100106369A TW 100106369 A TW100106369 A TW 100106369A TW I415819 B TWI415819 B TW I415819B
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- ferrite composition
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 39
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
- C04B35/265—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
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- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- H01F1/342—Oxides
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- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
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Description
本發明關於適用於如電感元件等的電子零件之鐵氧體組成物以及適用該鐵氧體組成物的電感元件等的電子零件。
近年來可攜式機器等的各種電子機器小型化、輕量化急遽發展,相對地對於用於各種電子機器的電路之電子零件的小型化、輕量化、高性能化的要求急速升高。
在電感元件等的電子零件中多使用具有優良磁性的鐵氧體組成物作為磁性體。
在此種材料中尋找除了具有高透磁率以外,而且在通入直流電時的透磁率降低少者,亦即,尋求直流重疊特性良好者。
例如特開2005-145781號公報記載,Ni-Cu-Zn系鐵氧體中添加特定量的矽或二氧化矽使直流重疊時的電感升高。
特開2005-213092號公報記載,Ni-Cu-Zn系鐵氧體中添加特定量的ZrO2
及SiO2
提高對熱衝擊的抗性等。
此處,為了在各種環境下使用安裝電感元件等的電子零件之電子機器,尋求在廣溫域中透磁率變化小的電感元件,亦即,尋找透磁率的溫度特性良好者。
以積層電感構成電感元件的情形,線圈導體必須以較一般使用的Ag熔點低的溫度(例如約900℃)低溫燒成積層電感。
然而,特開2005-145781號公報未對透磁率的溫度特性有任何考量。又雖記載因原料微粒化,僅添加SiO2
可在約900℃燒成的想法,但實際上困難。
特開2005-213092號公報不但未考慮透磁率的溫度特性,而且燒成溫度為1000℃以上,難以低溫燒成。
本發明鑒於上述實際狀況,以提供初透磁率及直流重疊特性良好且初透磁率的溫度特性較優及可低溫燒成的鐵氧體組成物以及具有該鐵氧體組成物之電子零件為目的。
為了達到上述目的,本發明所述之鐵氧體組成物包含主成分:氧化鐵,以Fe2
O3
換算含有46.0~49.8莫耳%;氧化銅,以CuO換算含有5.0~14.0莫耳%;氧化鋅,以ZnO換算含有8.0~32.0莫耳%;其餘由氧化鎳所構成;相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含:氧化矽,以SiO2
換算含有0.5~6.0重量%;氧化硼,以B2
O3
換算含有0.01~2.0重量%。
藉由構成主成分的氧化物含量在上述範圍,且副成分含有如上述範圍的氧化矽及氧化硼,得到初透磁率較高、直流重疊特性良好、且初透磁率的溫度特性較優及可低溫燒成的鐵氧體組成物。
可得到上述效果的理由,考量是氧化矽及氧化硼以上述範圍共存所得到的複合效果大所影響。
較佳為,相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含氧化鉀,以K2
O換算含有0.01~0.17重量%。
較佳為,相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含氧化錫,以SnO2
換算含有0.3~2.0重量%。
更包含此述的副成分可更加提高上述的效果。
較佳為,使用上述鐵氧體組成物的燒成體的結晶粒子之平均結晶粒徑為0.2~1.3μm。平均結晶粒徑控制在上述範圍可更加提高上述效果。
本發明所述之電子零件為具有上述任一點所記載之鐵氧體組成物的電子零件。
本發明所述之電子零件沒有特別限制,例如電感元件、變壓器用線圈、鐵氧體磚(ferrite tile)等。由於本發明所述之鐵氧體組成物可低溫燒成,因此本發明所述之電子零件較佳為含有積層電感或電感部的層積複合電子零件等。
以下基於圖式所示之實施型態說明本發明。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物為Ni-Cu-Zn系鐵氧體,主成分含有氧化鐵、氧化銅、氧化鋅及氧化鎳。
主成分100莫耳%中,氧化鐵的含量,以Fe2
O3
換算含有46.0~49.8莫耳%,較佳為46.5~49.0莫耳%。氧化鐵的含量過少時,初透磁率的溫度特性傾向劣化,過多時,則初透磁率有降低的傾向。
主成分100莫耳%中,氧化銅的含量,以CuO換算含有5.0~14.0莫耳%,較佳為7.0~13.0莫耳%。氧化銅的含量過少時,初透磁率有降低的傾向,過多時,則初透磁率的溫度特性傾向劣化。
主成分100莫耳%中,氧化鋅的含量,以ZnO換算含有8.0~32.0莫耳%,較佳為12.0~30.0莫耳%。氧化鋅的含量過少時,初透磁率有降低的傾向,過多時,初透磁率急遽降低同時初透磁率的溫度特性也傾向劣化。
主成份中的其餘部份由氧化鎳所構成。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物,除上述主成分以外,包含氧化矽及氧化硼之副成分。
氧化矽的含量,相對於主成分100重量%,以SiO2
換算含有0.5~6.0重量%,較佳為1.0~4.0重量%,更佳為1.0~3.0重量%。氧化矽含量過少時,直流重疊特性有降低的傾向,過多時,燒結性傾向劣化。
氧化硼的含量,相對於主成分100重量%,以B2
O3
換算含有0.01~2.0重量%,較佳為0.01~1.0重量%,更佳為0.03~0.50重量%。氧化硼含量過少時,燒結性傾向劣化,過多時,異常粒子生長,直流重疊特性傾向降低。
本實施型態所述之氧化鐵組成物中,除了控制主成分的組成範圍在上述範圍內,副成分含有上述的氧化矽及氧化硼。結果可得初透磁率及直流重疊特性良好、且初透磁性的溫度特性較優的鐵氧體組成物。而且,副成分不僅含有氧化矽也含有氧化硼,可使燒結溫度降低,而可低溫燒成。
而且,單獨含有氧化矽及氧化硼的情形不能充分得到上述效果。亦即,上述效果是在同時含有特定量的氧化矽及氧化硼的情形時才能得到的複合效果。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物,副成分較佳更含有氧化鉀。氧化鉀的含量,相對於主成分100重量%,以K2
O換算較佳為0.01~0.17重量%,更佳為0.01~0.07重量%。氧化鉀的含量在上述範圍內可得直流重疊特性提高的效果。而且即使含有氧化鋰及氧化鈉,也不能得到上述效果。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物,副成分較佳更含有氧化錫。氧化錫的含量,相對於主成分100重量%,以SnO2
換算,較佳為0.3~2.0重量%。氧化錫的含量在上述範圍內可得直流重疊特性提高的效果。而且即使含有例如氧化鈦,也不能得到上述效果。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物,也可含有氧化鉀及氧化錫兩者。亦即,該鐵氧體組成物可含有氧化矽、氧化硼、氧化鉀及氧化錫。
雖為此情形,氧化鋰及氧化錫的含量較佳在上述範圍。氧化鉀傾向於以包覆主成分Ni-Cu-Zn鐵氧體之結晶粒子(鐵氧體粒子)的外側而存在,氧化錫傾向固熔於鐵氧體粒子內,因此彼此不造成壞的影響。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物可含有不可避免的雜元素的氧化物。
具體地說,不可避免的雜元素例如C、S、Cl、As、Se、Br、Te、I、Li、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ga、Ge、Sr、Cd、In、Sb、Ba、Pb、Bi等的典型金屬元素或Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Y、Nb、Mo、Pd、Ag、Hf、Ta等的過渡金屬元素。不可避免的雜元素的氧化物可在鐵氧體組成物中含有約0.05重量%以下。
本實施型態所述之鐵氧體組成物具有存在於鐵氧體粒子與鄰接的結晶粒子之間的結晶粒界。結晶粒子的平均結晶粒徑較佳為0.2~1.3μm。
在鐵氧體組成物中,副成分中含有氧化鉀的情形,平均結晶粒徑較佳為0.2~1.3μm。
在鐵氧體組成物中,副成分中不含有氧化鉀的情形,平均結晶粒徑較佳為0.2~1.1μm。
平均結晶粒徑在上述範圍者具有可保持透磁率及直流重疊特性良好的效果。
平均結晶粒徑可從燒結體(鐵氧體組成物)的斷面圖,例如SEM觀察,測定指定數的結晶粒子的結晶粒徑,基於此測定結果而計算得知。各結晶粒子的粒徑例如可以假設相當於各結晶粒子面積的圓之圓相當徑(Heywood徑)而計算。進行平均結晶粒徑測定的粒子數,通常為100個以上。
以下說明本實施型態之鐵氧體組成物的製造方法之一例。首先,準備起始原料(主成分的原料及副成分的原料)。主成分的原料及副成分原料沒有特別限制,但較佳使用下列者。
主成分的原料可使用氧化鐵(α-Fe2
O3
)、氧化銅(CuO)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、氧化鎳(NiO)或複合氧化物等。而且可使用經燒成形成上述氧化物或複合氧化物的各種化合物等。經燒成而形成上述氧化物者,例如金屬單體、碳酸鹽、草酸鹽、硝酸鹽、氫氧化物、鹵化物、有機金屬化合物等。
副成分的原料可使用氧化物(氧化矽、氧化硼、氧化錫)或碳酸鹽(碳酸鉀)。氧化物可使用經燒成形成上述氧化物或複合氧化物的各種化合物等。經燒成而形成上述氧化物者,例如金屬單體、碳酸鹽、草酸鹽、硝酸鹽、氫氧化物、鹵化物、有機金屬化合物等。例如氧化矽的原料也可使用二氧化矽樹脂、二氧化矽、有機矽烷等。
副成分的原料型態沒有特別限制,可為粉末,也可為膠狀原料等的液狀原料。而且副成分的原料也可為結晶質,也可以是非晶質。
上述副成分的原料較佳使用微細粉末或粒子。使用微細粉末可獲得具有在副成分的分散狀態或燒成後的鐵氧體組成物中結晶粒子的平均結晶粒徑受到控制的微細構造之鐵氧體組成物。
特別是,氧化矽的原料較佳使用微細粉末。具體地說,原料粉末的粒徑(原料平均粒徑)較佳為0.01~0.40μm。
氧化硼的原料也較佳使用微細粉末。具體地說,氧化硼粉末的原料平均粒徑較佳為0.01~0.40μm。由於氧化矽的微細原料粉末有容易分散的傾向,因此使用氧化硼的微細原料粉末,可提升氧化矽微細粉末的分散性,更加提高上述的複合效果。
首先,將準備的起始原料以指定的組成比秤量、混合,獲得原料混合物。混合的方法例如使用球磨機進行的濕式混合,或是使用乾式混合機進行的乾式混合。使用平均粒徑為0.1~3μm的起始原料為佳。
之後進行原料混合物的煅燒,獲得煅燒材料。煅燒係為了使原料熱分解、成分均質化、鐵氧體生成、經燒結後的超微粉消失及長成適度的粒子體積,使原料混合物轉換為適於之後步驟的型態所進行。此煅燒較佳於600~800℃的溫度進行通常約1~3小時。煅燒可在大氣(空氣)中進行,也可在較大氣的氧分壓低的氛圍氣或純氧氛圍氣下進行。主成分的原料與副成分的原料之混合可在煅燒前進行,也可在煅燒後進行。
之後,進行煅燒材料的粉碎,得到粉碎材料。粉碎係為了使煅燒材料的凝集破碎形成具有適度燒結性的粉體所進行。煅燒材料形成大塊時,進行粗粉碎,使用球磨機或微磨碎機進行濕式粉碎。濕式粉碎進行至使煅燒材料的平均粒徑較佳成為約0.05~1μm。
之後進行粉碎材料的造粒(顆粒),獲得造粒物。造粒是為了將粉碎材料作成適度大小的凝集粒子,轉換成適合成形的型態所進行。此述造粒法例如加壓造粒法或噴霧乾燥法等。噴霧乾燥法將聚乙烯醇等常用的結合劑加入粉碎材料後,在噴霧乾燥機中霧化、低溫乾燥的方法。
之後,使造粒物形成指定形狀而成形,得到成形體。造粒物的成形例如乾式成形、濕式成形、押出成形等。乾式成形為將造粒物填充於模具經壓縮加壓(press)所進行的成形法。成形體的形狀沒有特別限制,可視用途適當決定,本實施型態形成環型(Toroidal)形狀。
之後進行成形體的燒成,獲得燒結體(本實施型態的鐵氧體聚合物)。燒成係為了在含有多個空隙的成形體的粉體粒子之間在熔點以下的溫度發生粉體凝集的燒結,獲得緻密的燒結體所進行。此燒成較佳在840~940℃溫度進行通常約2~5小時。燒成可在大氣(空氣)中進行,也可在較大氣的氧分壓低的氛圍氣進行。本實施型態的鐵氧體組成物因為具有上述組成因此可低溫燒成。
經此述步驟製造本實施型態之鐵氧體組成物。
以上對於本實施型態說明,但是本發明不限於此述實施型態,在不脫離本發明要旨的範圍內當然可實施各種型態。
例如上述實施型態將鐵氧體組成物作成環型形狀,但是鐵氧體組成物也可如第1A圖所示,適用於例如積層電感等的層積型電子零件。
此情形中,首先使用公知的陶瓷片法或印刷法等形成含有上述鐵氧體組成物之軟質陶瓷片(green sheet),其上以特定圖案形成線圈導體。接著,層積複數個形成線圈導體圖案的軟質陶瓷片之後,藉由插入式(through-hole)使各線圈導體圖案7接合,獲得如第1B及1C圖所示的線圈導體5以三次元且螺旋狀地形成的綠色層積體4。使此層積體4燒成,獲得元件2,形成電極端子3而獲得如第1A圖所示之積層型電感1。
上述鐵氧體組成物由於可在950℃以下低溫燒成,因此線圈導體可使用Ag。
以下基於更詳細的實施例說明本發明,但本發明不限定於此實施例。
首先準備Fe2
O3
粉末、NiO粉末、CuO粉末、ZnO粉末,作為主成分原料。準備SiO2
粉末、B2
O3
粉末作為副成分原料。試料編號33的SiO2
粉末的原料平均粒徑為0.42μm,其他的試料編號的SiO2
粉末的原料平均粒徑為0.025μm。
之後將準備的主成分及副成分的原料如表1及表2所示之組成秤量後,以球磨機濕式混合16小時,獲得原料混合物。
之後將所得的原料混合物在空氣中750℃煅燒4小時,形成煅燒材料之後,以球磨機濕式粉碎16小時,獲得粉碎材料。
之後,將此粉碎材料乾燥後,在該粉碎材料100重量%中加入1.0重量%的聚乙烯醇作為結合劑,使用噴霧乾燥造粒,形成顆粒。將此顆粒加壓成形,獲得成形密度3.20Mg/m3
的環狀(體積=外徑13mm×內徑6mm×高度3mm)成形體。
之後,將各個成形體在空氣中以900℃燒成2小時,得到環狀主要樣本(core sample)之燒結體。試料編號25以970℃燒成。所得樣本進行下列特性評估。
切斷樣本,其斷面的100μm2
以上的區域以掃描型電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察,照相SEM照片。
此SEM照片經軟體進行畫面處理,判斷結晶粒子的邊界,計算各結晶粒子的面積。算出的結晶粒子面積換算為圓相當徑,計算出粒徑。所得結晶粒徑的平均值為平均結晶粒徑。結晶粒徑的計算是對100個結晶粒子所進行。實驗例1中,平均結晶粒徑為0.2~1.1μm者為佳。結果如表1及表2所示。試料編號4的SEM照片如第2A圖所示,試料編號25的SEM照片如第2B圖所示。
將銅線以20圈捲於所得的環狀主要樣本,使用低阻抗分析儀(HP 4284A),測定初透磁率μi。測定條件為測定周波數100kHz,測定溫度25℃。μi為50以上為良好。結果如表1及表2所示。
將銅線以20圈捲於所得的環狀主要樣本,使用低阻抗分析儀(HP 4284A),測定在通入直流電流Idc(直流重疊電流)時初透磁率μi的變化。之後從未通入直流重疊電流(Idc=0)時的初透磁率μi值,計算降低10%時的直流電流值計作為Idc10%off
。測定條件為測定周波數100kHz,測定溫度25℃。Idc10%off
為580mA以上為良好。結果如表1及表2所示。試料編號4及25的初透磁率μ及直流重疊電流Idc的關係顯示如第3圖。
從上述所得的初透磁率(μi)及直流重疊電流(Idc)計算出μi×(Idc)2
。一般μi低時,Idc特性變得良好,μi變高時,Idc特性有降低的傾向。因此,在μi不同的情形時,難以比較Idc特性的好壞。此處導入上述參數,在μi不同的情形也可以評估特性,可評估μi與Idc是否可以並立。本實施例以43以上為良好。結果如表1及表2所示。
將銅線以20圈捲於所得的環狀主要樣本,使用低阻抗分析儀(HP 4284A),測定-25℃及85℃時的透磁率μ。之後計算出基準溫度25℃時的透磁率μ(初期透磁率μi)的變化率。測定條件為測定周波數100kHz,測定溫度25℃。本實施例以變化率為-4.0%以上、8.0%以下為良好。結果如表1及表2所示。
從表1可見,主成分的組成範圍在本發明的範圍內,而且氧化矽及氧化硼之副成分的含量也在本發明的範圍內的情形(試料編號1~12),可確認初透磁率及直流重疊特性良好,且初透磁率的溫度特性優良。而且,試料編號1~12全部在900℃燒成,亦確認為可低溫燒成者。
對此,從表2可見,當不含有作為副成分的氧化矽及氧化硼其中之一時(試料編號21及22),或者氧化矽或氧化硼的含量其中之一在本發明之範圍以外的情形(試料編號24、26及32),確認有初透磁率μi或溫度特性劣化的傾向。
再者,副成分不含有氧化矽及氧化硼而含有氧化鉍的情形(試料編號34),確認初透磁率及溫度特性劣化。
再根據表2,構成主成分的成分含量在本發明之範圍以外的情形(試料編號23及27~31),確認有至少初透磁率μi劣化的傾向。
又當平均結晶粒徑在本發明之較佳範圍以外的情形(試料編號25),確認溫度特性有若干劣化的傾向。而且,比較試料編號4及試料編號25,雖然兩者的組成相同,但是試料編號25的燒成溫度(970℃)變高。此情形下,從第2A圖及第2B圖可清楚了解,試料編號25的平均結晶粒徑變得相當地大。此結果,從第3圖可清楚了解,相對於直流重疊電流Idc的施加,確認有透磁率變得較小的傾向。因此,本發明所述之鐵氧體組成物,除了組成的特定範圍以外,形成指定的微細結構,確認可更加提高本發明的效果。
再者,根據表2所示,使用原料平均粒徑大的SiO2
粉末的情形(試料編號33),平均結晶粒徑變得過大,因此可確認較佳使用微細原料。
除了使用如表3所示之化合物作為副成分,其含量如表3所示的量以外,其他同實驗例1,製作環狀主要樣本,同實驗例1進行特性評估。結果如表3所示。
其中,試料編號54使用玻璃組成物作為副成分的原料,副成分含量相對於主成分100重量%如表3所示之值。具體為,含有80重量%的SiO2
、17重量%的B2
O3
、2.1重量%的K2
O之玻璃組成物,以相對於主成分100重量%,添加2.5重量%。含有K2
O的試料之平均結晶粒徑較佳為0.2~1.3μm。
如表3所示,含有氧化矽及氧化硼作為副成分,而且氧化鉀或氧化錫的含量在本發明的較佳範圍內的情形(試料編號44~49),確認可提高初期透磁率、直流重疊特性及溫度特性。
而且,即使在含有氧化鉀及氧化錫兩者的情形(試料編號50~52),其各別的含量在本發明的較佳範圍內者,也確認可提高初期透磁率、直流重疊特性及溫度特性。
再者,雖使用玻璃組成物作為副成分的原料(試料編號54),確認也得到本發明之效果。
對此,含有氧化鉀或氧化錫但不含有氧化硼的情形(試料編號43及53),確認無法得到本發明效果。又使用氧化鋰或氧化鈉的情形(試料編號41及42),也確認無法得到本發明效果。
1...層積型電感
2...元件
3...電極端子
4...層積體
5,5a,5b...線圈導體
7...線圈導體圖案
第1A圖為本發明一實施型態之積層型電感的斜視圖,第1B圖為沿著第1A圖中的IB-IB線切斷的斷面圖;第1C圖為沿著第1A圖中的IC-IC線切斷的斷面圖。
第2A圖為本發明之實施例的試料的SEM照片,第2B圖為本發明之比較例的試料的SEM照片。
第3圖顯示本發明實施例及比較例的試料之透磁率與直流重疊電流的關係圖。
1...層積型電感
2...元件
3...電極端子
Claims (5)
- 一種鐵氧體組成物,包含主成分及副成分,主成分包含:氧化鐵,以Fe2 O3 換算含有46.0~49.8莫耳%;氧化銅,以CuO換算含有5.0~14.0莫耳%;氧化鋅,以ZnO換算含有8.0~32.0莫耳%;其餘由氧化鎳所構成;相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含:氧化矽,以SiO2 換算含有0.5~6.0重量%;氧化硼,以B2 O3 換算含有0.01~2.0重量%,其中,上述鐵氧體組成物的平均結晶粒徑為0.2~1.1μm。
- 一種鐵氧體組成物,包含主成分及副成分,主成分包含:氧化鐵,以Fe2 O3 換算含有46.0~49.8莫耳%;氧化銅,以CuO換算含有5.0~14.0莫耳%;氧化鋅,以ZnO換算含有8.0~32.0莫耳%;其餘由氧化鎳所構成;相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含:氧化矽,以SiO2 換算含有0.5~6.0重量%;氧化硼,以B2 O3 換算含有0.01~2.0重量%;氧化鉀,以K2 O換算含有0.01~0.17重量%,其中,上述鐵氧體組成物的平均結晶粒徑為0.2~1.3μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鐵氧體組成物,其中,相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含:氧化錫,以SnO2 換算含有0.3~2.0重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之鐵氧體組成物,其中,相對於主成分100重量%,副成分包含:氧化錫,以SnO2 換算含有0.3~2.0重量%。
- 一種電子零件,具有申請專利範圍第1~4項任一項所述之鐵氧體組成物。
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