TWI411009B - 電介質膜及其形成方法 - Google Patents

電介質膜及其形成方法 Download PDF

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TWI411009B
TWI411009B TW095103702A TW95103702A TWI411009B TW I411009 B TWI411009 B TW I411009B TW 095103702 A TW095103702 A TW 095103702A TW 95103702 A TW95103702 A TW 95103702A TW I411009 B TWI411009 B TW I411009B
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nitriding
radical
oxide film
mixed gas
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Tadahiro Ohmi
Akinobu Teramoto
Tetsuya Goto
Kazumasa Kawase
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Univ Tohoku
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Description

電介質膜及其形成方法
本發明係關於一種矽基板上所形成的氧化膜、氮化膜或氧氮化膜等電介質膜及其形成方法,與利用此等電介質膜之半導體裝置及其製造方法。
對於MOS(金屬膜電極/矽氧化物電介質膜/矽基板)電晶體閘極絕緣膜之矽氧化物電介質膜(以後,稱為氧化矽膜),要求具有低漏電流特性、低界面準位密度、低臨界值電壓移位、低臨界值偏異特性等各種高絕緣特性與高信賴性。
另外,對於p形MOS電晶體之金屬膜電極,一般使用雜摻B(硼)之聚矽(pol-Si),此B於矽氧化物電介質膜中進行擴散,到達形成通道之矽基板。
若B擴散至氧化矽膜中或通道時,將發生造成臨界值電壓移位或臨界值電壓偏異之問題。
雖然半導體元件之高性能化能夠藉由材料之微細化而逐步達成,也因此,氧化矽膜之厚度必須予以極薄化,B之擴散便不容忽視。因而,有人提案一種進行氧化矽膜之氮化以防止B擴散的方法(參照非專利文獻1,G.Lucovsky,D.R.Lee,S.V.Hattangady,H.Niimi,Z.Jing,C.Parker and J.R.Hauser,Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.34(1995)6827.)。
於800℃左右,使用NO或N2 O氣體進行氮化之方法的話,氧化矽膜並未被氮化,而是矽基板被氮化,N分布於氧化矽膜/矽基板界面(參照非專利文獻2,K.Kawase,J.Tanimura,H.Kurokawa,K.Kobayashi,A.Teramoto,T.Ogata and M.Inoue,Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2(1999)225.)。
利用此方法,雖然能防止B對矽基板之擴散,但是,B對氧化矽膜中之擴散則無法避免,另外,界面之N將引起NBTI(外加負偏壓時之臨界值電壓移位)特性劣化之問題。(參照非專利文獻3,N.Kimizuka,K.Yamaguchi,K.Imai,T.Iisuka,C.T.Liu,R.C.Keller and T.Horiuchi,Symp.VLSI Tech.2000,p.92)。因此,能夠將N僅導入氧化膜表面側之自由基氧化膜備受矚目。
自由基氧化係一種將微波照射於被Ar氣體稀釋的N2 氣後生成電漿,藉由具有高反應性之自由基而將氧化矽膜予以氮化的方法。
由於利用此方法所作成的氧化矽膜係將N導入表面側,具有防止B擴散至氧化矽膜中,同時,抑制NBTI特性劣化之效果。
但是,隨著材料之微細化,氧化矽膜之厚度為1.5nm以下之超極薄膜逐漸成為必要的。因此,使N完全不導入氧化矽膜/矽基板界面變得非常困難,NBTI特性之劣化已成為問題。
如第1(a)圖所示,於Ar/N2 自由基氧氮化膜之XPS N1s核層能階光譜中,除了顯示Si3 ≡N鍵結(N之3條鍵結端全部與Si鍵結)之波峰以外,於高鍵結能量側觀測到有關另一鍵結(此後,稱為Nh i g h )的波峰。由於此波峰也於將Si基板予以Ar/N2 自由基氮化的SiN膜中被檢測出(第1(b)圖),雖然得知並非與O之鍵結,而是Si與N之鍵結,無法形成Si3 ≡N之不穩定鍵結。另外,從習知利用NO氣體予以熱氮化之氧化矽膜(第1(c)圖)或利用CVD成膜的Si3 N4 膜(第1(d)圖)則完全未觀察到自由基氮化所特有之鍵結。
於此等二鍵結狀態下之N氧化矽膜中的深度分布成為如第2(a)圖所示,由於顯示完全不同的分布,至少二種氮化種與氮化有關。
另外,一般而言,若電晶體之閘極絕緣膜曝露於電漿中時,將使高能量之電子受損。因此,因O2 後退火所引起的回復成為必要的。但是,若進行O2 後退火時,如第2(b)圖或是第2圖Si3 ≡N分布尾部放大圖的第3圖所示,由於Si3 ≡N分布向界面側蔓延,此成為引起NBTI特性劣化之原因。此係由於O2 切斷Si-N鍵,已游離的N之一部分移向界面側。
另一方面,關於Nh i g h ,如第2(b)圖、第3圖所示,藉由O2 後退火而完全加以去除。另外,如第4圖所示,藉由真空中500℃以上之退火,完全去除為可能的。
然而,相較於形成Si3 ≡N之氮化種,由於形成Nh i g h 之氮化種滲入至更深處,一旦基底之氧化矽膜變薄時,將到達界面。
但是,由顯示於第5(b)圖之深度分布的基底膜厚依存性可明確得知,Nh i g h 於氧化矽膜/矽基板界面並無法存在。
另外,如第5(a)圖所示,一旦基底膜厚變薄時,Si3 ≡N分布之尾部將拖長尾巴,相反地,變得容易導入界面。
亦即,如第6圖所示,得知形成Nh i g h 之氮化種(以後稱為Nβ )較表面上形成Si3 ≡N之氮化種(以後稱為Nα )更快到達界面,於界面附近形成Si3 ≡N。此界面附近之N引起NBTI特性之劣化。
即使藉由退火而能夠去除Nh i g h ,形成Nh i g h 的氮化種Nβ 之存在仍為問題。
若使成膜溫度達到500℃以上時,雖然Nh i g h 並不存在於膜中,由於Nβ 存在而將於氧化矽膜中進行擴散,界面附近之Si3 ≡N形成則無法避免。
寧可成膜溫度為高的,Nβ 之擴散將被加速,界面附近之Si3 ≡N形成量將增加。
另外,雖然Nh i g h 無法形成穩定的Si3 ≡N,其處於不穩定之鍵結狀態,但是,若藉由退火進行脫離時,其後將生成起因於矽懸鍵的固定電荷。因此,將成為使漏電流增加等、絕緣特性劣化之主因。因而,強烈期望於電漿中不存在形成Nh i g h 之氮化種的條件下進行成膜。
本發明係為了解決該問題點所作成的,其目的在於提供一種電介質膜及其形成方法,其能夠抑制於形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成,防止Nh i g h 於氧化矽膜中的形成與界面附近之Si3 ≡N形成。
為了達成該目的,於本發明中,一種矽表面上所形成的電介質膜中,其特徵為:該電介質膜表面之N濃度為3原子%以上,並且,存在於該矽表面與電介質膜界面之N濃度為0.1原子%以下,其膜厚為2nm以下。
另外,於本發明中,一種半導體裝置,其具備:矽基板、於矽基板表面上所形成的電介質膜與於電介質膜上所形成的電極;及其特徵為:該電介質膜表面之N濃度為3原子%以上,並且,存在於該矽表面與電介質膜界面之N濃度為0.1原子%以下,其膜厚為2nm以下。
另外,於本發明中,一種電介質膜之形成方法,其特徵為含有:於矽基板表面上形成氧化矽膜的步驟;及曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而改變該氧化矽膜表面的步驟。
另外,於本發明中,一種半導體裝置之製造方法,其特徵為含有:於矽基板表面上形成氧化矽膜的步驟;曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而改變該氧化矽膜表面的步驟;及於該已改變的氧化矽膜表面上形成閘極電極的步驟。
其中,該氮化性自由基種較宜選自由N自由基、N 離子自由基、N2 自由基、N2 離子自由基、NH自由基與NH 離子自由基所組成之群組中的至少一種自由基。
另外,該氮化性自由基係藉由例如Ar與NH3 之混合氣體、Xe與N2 之混合氣體、Kr與N2 之混合氣體、Xe與NH3 之混合氣體、Kr與NH3 之混合氣體、Ar與N2 與H2 之混合氣體、Xe與N2 與H2 之混合氣體或Kr與N2 與H2 之混合氣體中形成微波電漿所形成的。
另外,曝露於氮化性自由基而改變該氧化矽膜表面的步驟較宜不伴隨600℃以上之後退火。
如此方式,於本發明中,為了減低於形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成效率,使用NH3 氣體取代N2 ,進行因Ar/NH3 氣體所造成的自由基氮化。
或是,為了減低於形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成效率,使用Xe或Kr氣體取代Ar,進行因Xe/N2 氣體或Kr/N2 氣體所造成的自由基氮化。
或是,為了減低於形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成效率,使用NH3 取代N2 ,使用Xe氣體或Kr氣體取代Ar,進行因Xe/NH3 氣體或Kr/NH3 氣體所造成的自由基氮化。
或是,為了減低於形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成效率,將H2 添加於Ar/N2 、Xe/N2 或Kr/N2 中,進行因Ar/N2 /H2 、Xe/N2 /H2 或Kr/N2 /H2 氣體所造成的自由基氮化。
利用此等方法,如第7(a)~(e)圖所示,能夠使Nh i g h 之形成得以迅速減少。其中,(a)係使用N2 /Ar電漿之情形;(b)係使用NH3 /Ar電漿之情形;(c)係使用N2 /Xe電漿之情形;(d)係使用NH3 /Xe電漿之情形;(e)係使用Kr/N2 電漿之情形。
第8圖係於使用各氣體而使氮化時間改變時,將Si3 ≡N之形成量作為橫軸、將Nh i g h 之形成量作為縱軸進行作圖。顯示於形成為了防止B擴散所必要的Si3 ≡N時,若使用NH3 /Ar、N2 /Xe、NH3 /Xe、Kr/N2 等氣體時,較Ar/N2 更減少Nh i g h 之形成量。藉此,如第9(a)與(b)圖所示,使界面附近之Si3 ≡N的形成量得以減低(無Si3 ≡N分布尾部拖長)成為可能。
另外,防止因O2 退火所造成的Si3 ≡N分布向界面側擴散,並且,能將Nh i g h 予以完全去除,最低限之退火條件係於真空中或非活性氣體中之500~600℃退火。
其係依下列事實所決定的:如第4圖所示,於500℃以上,Nh i g h 將完全消滅;如第10圖所示,於600℃以下之真空退火,完全無Si3 ≡N分布向界面側之擴散。
另外,由於下一步驟之poly-Si CVD成膜溫度約為500~600℃,其係一般之溫度,藉由以poly-Si成膜之預退火兼用,能省略後退火步驟。
但是,為了利用如此之退火條件,不會對閘極絕緣膜造成損害為必須的。因而,電子溫度必須使用1eV以下的電漿。
使用RLSA(輻射線槽孔天線)所生成的電漿之情形,能夠生成Ar為1eV以下、Xe為0.5eV以下、Kr為0.7eV以下之極低電子溫度的電漿。如第11圖所示,利用平行平板電極所生成的電漿的話,損害為大的,但是,利用RLSA所生成的電漿的話,則無損害,C-V曲線之磁滯、臨界值之移位與漏電流之增加等問題幾乎不會發生。
因而,使用RLSA,利用Xe/N2 、Kr/N2 、Ar/NH3 、Xe/NH3 、Kr/NH3 、Ar/N2 /H2 、Xe/N2 /H2 、Kr/N2 /H2 氣體,使電漿產生後進行自由基氮化,若於500~600℃以下之真空或非活性氣體中進行後退火的話,相較於Ar/N2 氣體之情形,形成Nh i g h 之氮化種Nβ 將變少,能抑制界面之Si3 ≡N形成。另外,由於也可以不進行O2 後退火,能夠防止向Si3 ≡N界面側之擴散,並且,完全去除Nh i g h 成為可能的。
還有,不受使用RLSA生成的電漿所限制,即使利用其他方法所生成的電漿,只要電子溫度為1 eV以下的話即可。
若根據本發明的話,藉由減低形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成效率,減低界面附近之Si3 ≡N形成量,能夠抑制NBTI特性之劣化。
另外,由於減低Nh i g h 形成量,也能夠抑制因退火而於Nh i g h 已脫離的痕跡上所形成的固定電荷之生成,實現了漏電流之減低或絕緣破壞壽命之減低等、絕緣特性之提昇。
藉此,將氧化矽膜予以薄膜化成為可能,實現超LSI之高性能化。
(實施形態1)
顯示有關本發明實施形態1之電介質膜形成步驟與使用相關電介質膜的半導體裝置之製程。
如第12圖所示,於處理室10內,將處理基板1設置於試料台2上。藉由加熱機構3而使基板溫度達到400℃。處理室10係藉由排氣泵11進行排氣,連接稀有氣體回收裝置12。
根據微波產生器20所產生的微波係通過導波管21而導入RLSA 22。於RLSA 22下方設置電介質板23,另外,製程氣體13被導入其正下方,藉由微波而產生電子溫度1eV以下的電漿。利用此電漿生成的自由基係通過噴淋板24而向基板1之方向進行擴散,使基板1得以進行面內均勻的氮化。並未使用噴淋板24,即使從製程氣體導入口14導入氣體,也不會對Nh i g h 減低效果造成影響。製程氣體可以使用Xe/N2 、Kr/N2 、Ar/NH3 、Xe/NH3 、Kr/NH3 、Ar/N2 /H2 、Xe/N2 /H2 、Kr/N2 /H2 之任一種組合。
基板1之加熱係於400℃以下進行的。雖然不進行後退火,於下一步驟之poly-Si CVD爐內,於真空或非活性氣體中,500~600℃下予以退火,接著,進行poly-Si之成膜。雖然此500~600℃之退火係完全去除Nh i g h 所必要的步驟,但是,藉由以poly-Si成膜之預退火兼用而刪減步驟數。若使用poly-Si以外之電極的情形,其他方法之500~600℃的退火為必要的。
產業上利用性
若根據本發明的話,藉由減低形成Nh i g h 之氮化種電漿中的生成效率,使得減低界面附近之Si3 ≡N形成量,抑制NBTI特性之劣化成為可能。另外,為了減低Nh i g h 形成量,也能夠抑制因退火而於Nh i g h 已脫離的痕跡上所形成的固定電荷之生成,實現了漏電流之減低或絕緣破壞壽命之減低等絕緣特性之提昇。藉此,本發明能進行氧化矽膜之薄膜化,可適用於能實現高性能化之超LSI。
1...處理基板
2...試料台
3...加熱機構
10...處理室
11...排氣泵
12...稀有氣體回收裝置
13...製程氣體導入口
14...製程氣體導入口
20...微波產生器
21...導波管
22...RLSA
23...電介質板
24...噴淋板
第1圖係顯示根據Ar/N2 電漿,(a)進行自由基氮化的氧化矽膜表面,(b)進行矽基板之自由基氮化而形成的SiN膜表面,(c)經NO氣體所熱氮化的氧化矽膜表面,(d)利用熱CVD所形成的Si3 N4 膜表面的XPS N1s核層能階光電子光譜圖。
第2(a)及(b)圖係顯示根據Ar/N2 電漿,於自由基氮化的氧化矽膜表面,根據利用HF蝕刻之XPS深度分析而得到的因Si3 ≡N與Nh i g h 深度輪廓之O2 後退火所造成的變化之圖形。
第3(a)及(b)圖係放大顯示根據XPS深度分析而得到的Si3 ≡N與Nh i g h 深度輪廓之波峰尾部,同時也顯示因O2 後退火所造成的變化之圖形。
第4圖係顯示表現Nh i g h 形成量之退火溫度依存性作圖的圖形。
第5(a)及(b)圖係顯示根據Ar/N2 電漿,於自由基氮化的氧化矽膜表面,根據利用HF蝕刻之XPS深度分析而得到的(a)Si3 ≡N與(b)Nh i g h 深度輪廓之基底氧化膜膜厚依存性的圖面。
第6(a)及(b)圖係顯示根據Ar/N2 電漿而進行氧化矽膜之自由基氮化時,存在形成Si3 ≡N之氮化種與形成Nh i g h 之氮化種,一旦使膜厚變薄時,形成Nh i g h 之氮化種先到達界面附近而形成Si3 ≡N模樣之反應模式圖。
第7(a)~(e)圖係顯示根據Ar/N2 、Ar/NH3 、Xe/N2 、Xe/NH3 、Kr/N2 電漿,自由基氮化的氧化矽膜表面之XPS N1s核層能階光電子光譜的圖形。
第8圖係定量顯示第7圖之Nh i g h 變小的圖形。
第9(a)及(b)圖係根據Ar/N2 與Xe/N2 電漿,於自由基氮化的氧化矽膜表面,比較根據利用HF蝕刻之XPS深度分析而得到的(a)Si3 ≡N與(b)Nh i g h 深度輪廓之圖面。
第10(a)及(b)圖係顯示放大顯示根據XPS深度分析而得到的Si3 ≡N與Nh i g h 深度輪廓之波峰尾部、因真空600℃退火所造成的變化之圖形。
第11圖係顯示雖然於平行平板所產生的電漿對閘極絕緣膜造成損害,但是,於電子溫度低的RLSA所產生的電漿未對閘極絕緣膜造成損害的圖形。
第12圖係顯示於實施形態1,根據利用RLSA之電漿而進行自由基氮化的裝置圖。
1...處理基板
2...試料台
3...加熱機構
10...處理室
11...排氣泵
12...稀有氣體回收裝置
13...製程氣體導入口
14...製程氣體導入口
20...微波產生器
21...導波管
22...RLSA
23...電介質板
24...噴淋板

Claims (12)

  1. 一種電介質膜之形成方法,包含:於矽基板之表面上形成氧化矽膜的步驟;及將該氧化矽膜之表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟;將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟係於600℃以下之溫度所進行的;且於500~600℃之真空中,或是於N2 、Ar、Xe、Kr等之非活性氣體中予以後退火。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電介質膜之形成方法,其中該氮化性自由基種係選自於由N自由基、N+ 離子自由基、N2 自由基、N2 + 離子自由基、NH自由基與NH+ 離子自由基所組成之群組中的至少一種的自由基。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之電介質膜之形成方法,其中該氮化性自由基係藉由Ar與NH3 之混合氣體、Xe與N2 之混合氣體、Xe與NH3 之混合氣體、Kr與N2 之混合氣體、Kr與NH3 之混合氣體、Ar與N2 與H2 之混合氣體、Xe與N2 與H2 之混合氣體或Kr與N2 與H2 之混合氣體中形成之微波電漿所形成的。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之電介質膜之形成方法,其中將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟不伴隨600℃以上之後退火。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之電介質膜之形成方法,其中將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟係於600℃以下之溫度 所進行的;且於500~600℃之真空中,或是於N2 、Ar、Xe、Kr等之非活性氣體中的後退火,係以下一步驟之polySi成膜的預退火加以兼用,而刪減了後退火一步驟。
  6. 一種半導體裝置之製造方法,其特徵為包含:於矽基板之表面上形成氧化矽膜的步驟;將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟;及於該已改變的氧化矽膜表面上形成閘極電極的步驟;將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟係於600℃以下之溫度所進行的;且於500~600℃之真空中,或是於N2 、Ar、Xe、Kr等之非活性氣體中施以後退火。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中該氮化性自由基種係選自於由N自由基、N+ 離子自由基、N2 自由基、N2 + 離子自由基、NH自由基與NH+ 離子自由基所組成之群組中的至少一種自由基。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,該氮化性自由基係藉由Ar與NH3 之混合氣體、Xe與N2 之混合氣體、Xe與NH3 之混合氣體、Kr與N2 之混合氣體、Kr與NH3 之混合氣體、Ar與N2 與H2 之混合氣體、Xe與N2 與H2 之混合氣體或Kr與N2 與H2 之混合氣體中形成微波電漿所形成的。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟,係於600℃以下之溫度所進行的,且不伴隨600℃以上之後退火。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中,將該氧化矽膜表面曝露於氮化性自由基種、氮化性激發活性種、氮化性離子種等氮化種而使其改變的步驟係於600℃以下之溫度所進行的;且於500~600℃之真空中,或是於N2 、Ar、Xe、Kr等非活性氣體中的後退火係以進行下一步驟之poly-Si成膜的預退火加以兼用,刪減了後退火一步驟。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之電介質膜之形成方法,其中該電漿之產生方式係根據從RLSA所放射的微波而進行的。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之半導體裝置之製造方法,其中該電漿之產生方式係根據從RLSA所放射的微波而進行的。
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US20080187747A1 (en) 2008-08-07
CN101120437A (zh) 2008-02-06
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WO2006082718A1 (ja) 2006-08-10
EP1852904A1 (en) 2007-11-07
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JP2006245528A (ja) 2006-09-14
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