TWI397535B - 包含α5β1拮抗劑之組合治療 - Google Patents
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Description
本發明係關於一種VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑用於治療癌症且抑制血管生成及/或抑制血管滲透,包括抑制疾病之異常血管生成之用途。本發明亦係關於一種VEGFR促效劑及α5β1促效劑促進血管生成及血管滲透之用途。本發明亦係關於抗α5β1抗體、包含該等抗α5β1抗體之組合物及套組及其製造及使用方法。
已充分證實VEGF-A在病理學及非病理學血管生成中之重要作用。在活體內模型中投與VEGF誘導有效血管生成反應(Plouet,J等人,(1989)EMBO J.8:3801-3808;Leung,D.W等人,(1989)Science 246:1306-1309)。喪失單個VEGF-A對偶基因導致小鼠胚致死(Carmeliet,P等人,(1996)Nature 380:435-439;Ferrara,N等人,(1996)Nature 380:439-442)。歸因於VEGF誘導血管滲漏之能力,所以其亦稱為血管滲透因子(Senger,D.R.等人,(1995)Science 219:983-985;Dvorak,H.F等人,(1995)Am.J.Pathol.146:1029-1039)。因此,除其他非病理學血管生成以外,VEGF-A亦包括發育性血管生成、生殖性血管生成及骨骼血管生成。
VEGF-A與兩個受體酪胺酸激酶(RTK):VEGFR-1(Flt-1)及VEGFR-2(KDR、Flk-1)結合。通常認為VEGFR-2為VEGF-A之促有絲分裂、血管生成及增強滲透性效應之主要介體。2004年2月,美國食品與藥物管理局(US Food and Drug Administration)(FDA)已批准貝伐株單抗(bevacizumab)(人化抗VEGF(血管內皮生長因子)-A單株抗體)與基於5-氟尿嘧啶(FU)之化學治療方案組合治療轉移性結腸直腸癌。隨後,FDA批准培加替尼(pegaptinib)(阻斷VEGF-A之165個胺基酸同功異型物之適體)治療濕型(新生血管性)年齡相關之黃斑部變性(AMD)。
儘管存在該等進展,但許多經VEGF拮抗劑治療之患者最終仍死於其疾病。因此,對發展用於治療不對或僅部分對VEGF拮抗劑治療反應之疾病之新穎藥劑及治療存在需要。對發展用於治療由異常血管生成引起或影響之癌症及惡化疾病之替代及/或更佳治療亦存在需要。
本發明係關於治療患異常血管生成及/或患腫瘤形成之將受益於降低之血管生成的患者的藥劑及方法。根據一實施例,本發明提供抑制個體體內之血管生成及/或血管滲透之方法,該方法包含同時或相繼向個體投與治療有效量之VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑之步驟。根據另一實施例,本發明提供治療患疾病之個體之方法,其中該個體已對VEGF拮抗劑治療該疾病反應但部分或不再對VEGF拮抗劑反應,該方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之α5β1拮抗劑之步驟。根據另一實施例,本發明提供治療患疾病之個體之方法,其中該疾病已對單獨或與化學治療組合之α5β1拮抗劑治療具有抗性或經單獨或與化學治療組合之α5β1拮抗劑治療難以治癒,該方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之VEGF拮抗劑之步驟。
本發明亦係關於新穎的抗α5β1抗體,包含該等抗體之套組及組合物及其製造或使用方法。根據一實施例,新穎的抗α5β1抗體為本文所述之7H5抗體或7H12抗體,或其人化或嵌合形式。根據另一特定實施例,7H5抗體或7H12抗體或其人化或嵌合形式可呈Fab、Fab'、F(ab)'2
、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體(diabody)、多特異性抗體及線性抗體形式。根據另一實施例,新穎的抗α5β1抗體可與另一實體拼合,該另一實體諸如(但不限於)治療劑或螢光染料或其他偵測患者體內或患者樣品中之α5β1之標記。該等新穎的α5β1抗體可用於多種治療及診斷方法中。舉例而言,該等抗α5β1抗體可用於治療異常血管生成、腫瘤形成、眼部疾病及自體免疫疾病。該等抗體可用於藉由使該等抗體與患者或患者樣品中之α5β1蛋白接觸且定性或定量測定與α5β1蛋白結合之抗α5β1抗體來偵測患者或患者樣品中之α5β1蛋白。
根據又一實施例,本發明提供治療個體癌症之方法,該方法包含同時或相繼投與VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑之步驟。根據一較佳實施例,癌症係對VEGF拮抗劑治療反應。在另一實施例中,提供治療患AMD之個體年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD),包括濕型年齡相關之黃斑變性之方法,該方法包含同時或相繼投與治療有效量之VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑之步驟。在又一實施例中,提供治療個體體內自身免疫病之方法,該方法包含同時或相繼投與治療有效量之VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑之步驟。
在一實施例中,起初可向待治療之個體投與VEGF拮抗劑且隨後經α5β1拮抗劑治療。在另一實施例中,個體係同時經VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑治療。根據另一實施例,個體係經VEGF拮抗劑治療直至個體不對VEGF拮抗劑治療反應且隨後個體係經α5β1拮抗劑治療。在一特定實施例中,當癌症為非侵襲性的或處於早期,則個體係經VEGF拮抗劑治療,且當癌症為侵襲性的,則經α5β1拮抗劑治療。在另一實施例中,與未患疾病之個體之組織相比,經α5β1拮抗劑治療之個體之疾病組織之α5β1量升高。在此情況下,該方法可進一步包括經VEGF拮抗劑治療之後,偵測個體體內(例如)有疾病之組織中之α5β1之步驟。根據一實施例,侵襲性癌症為轉移癌症。根據另一實施例,早期癌症為經佐劑治療治療之癌症(例如,化學治療或外科切除)。
在一較佳實施例中,個體係患具有異常血管生成之疾病。根據另一實施例,疾病係選自由癌症、免疫疾病或眼部疾病組成之群。根據一較佳實施例,疾病係選自由以下各病組成之群:實體腫瘤、轉移性腫瘤、軟組織腫瘤、具有眼部新血管生成之疾病、具有異常血管生成之發炎疾病、在個體體內移植後引起之疾病及具有維管組織異常增生之疾病。根據另一較佳實施例,癌症係選自由以下各病組成之群:乳癌、子宮頸癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌、非何傑金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkins lymphoma)(NHL)、慢性淋巴球性白血病、腎細胞癌、包括激素難治癒之前列腺癌之前列腺癌、肝癌、頭頸部癌、黑素瘤、卵巢癌、間皮瘤、軟組織癌、胃腸基質腫瘤、多形性膠質母細胞瘤及多發性骨髓瘤。根據另一較佳實施例,疾病係選自由以下各病組成之群:視網膜病、年齡誘發之黃斑部變性、糖尿病性黃斑部水腫、虹膜紅變;牛皮癬、牛皮癬關節炎、發炎性腎病、溶血性尿毒性症候群、糖尿病性腎病、關節炎、發炎性腸疾病、慢性發炎、慢性視網膜剝離、慢性葡萄膜炎、慢性玻璃體炎、角膜移植排斥、角膜新血管生成、角膜移植新血管生成、克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、近視、眼部新血管疾病、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(Pagets disease)、類天疱瘡、多動脈炎、雷射後放射狀角膜切開術、視網膜新血管生成、乾燥症候群(Sogrens syndrome)、潰瘍性結腸炎、移植排斥、肺發炎、腎病症候群、水腫、惡性腫瘤相關聯之腹水、中風、血管纖維瘤及新血管青光眼。在一實施例中,進一步向個體投與選自由抗贅生性藥劑、化學治療劑及細胞毒素藥劑組成之群之治療劑。
根據本發明之一較佳實施例,經α5β1拮抗劑治療之個體係在VEGF拮抗劑治療之後遭受復發或變得VEGF拮抗劑治療難治癒。根據另一實施例,經α5β1拮抗劑及VEGF拮抗劑治療之個體係患轉移性癌或之前已經佐劑治療治療。該等疾病之實例包括(但不侷限於)轉移性結腸直腸癌、復發轉移性結腸直腸癌、轉移性乳癌、復發轉移性乳癌、轉移性HER2+乳癌、佐劑性乳癌、佐劑性HER2+乳癌、轉移性胰腺癌、佐劑性結腸癌、佐劑性非小細胞肺癌、佐劑性直腸癌、佐劑性非小細胞肺癌、轉移性非小細胞肺癌、轉移性卵巢癌、轉移性腎細胞癌及佐劑性腎細胞癌。
根據一實施例,在疾病經VEGF拮抗劑治療之後,向患本文所述之疾病之個體投與維持治療,其中該維持治療僅為α5β1拮抗劑或相繼或同時為α5β1拮抗劑及VEGF拮抗劑。
根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑可選自由以下各物組成之群:抗體、免疫黏著素、肽體(peptibody)、小分子及在嚴格條件下與編碼VEGF之核酸分子雜交之核酸(例如,核糖酶、siRNA及適體)。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑為抗體。根據另一實施例,抗體為單株抗體。根據一較佳實施例,抗VEGF抗體能夠由Avastin抗體競爭性抑制與人類VEGF結合。根據另一實施例,抗VEGF抗體為人類的、人化的或嵌合的。根據一特定實施例,抗VEGF抗體為Avastin抗體。根據另一實施例,抗VEGF抗體係選自由以下各物組成之群:Fab、Fab'、F(ab)'2
、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體及線性抗體。根據另一實施例,VEGF拮抗劑為結合VEGF及α5β1之雙特異性抗體且為α5β1拮抗劑。
根據一較佳實施例,α5β1拮抗劑可選自由以下各物組成之群:抗體、免疫黏著素、肽體、小分子及在嚴格條件下與編碼α5β1之核酸分子雜交之核酸。根據一較佳實施例,α5β1拮抗劑為抗體。根據另一實施例,抗體為單株抗體。根據另一實施例,單株抗體為嵌合抗體,諸如稱為M200或F200之抗人類α5β1抗體。根據一實施例,抗α5β1抗體包含SEQ I DNO:1之VH序列及SEQ ID NO:2之VL序列。根據另一實施例,抗α5β1抗體包含SEQ ID NO:3序列及SEQ ID NO:4序列。根據另一實施例,抗α5β1抗體包含SEQ ID NO:4序列及SEQ ID NO:5序列。根據一較佳實施例,抗α5β1抗體與人類α5β1結合能夠受7H5抗體或7H12抗體競爭性抑制。根據一較佳實施例,抗α5β1抗體為人類的、人化的或嵌合的。根據一特定實施例,抗α5β1抗體為7H5抗體、7H12抗體或其嵌合抗體或人化抗體。根據另一實施例,抗α5β1抗體係選自由以下各物組成之群Fab、Fab'、F(ab)'2
、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體及線性抗體。根據另一實施例,α5β1拮抗劑為結合VEGF及α5β1之雙特異性抗體且為VEGF拮抗劑。
根據一實施例,VEGF拮抗劑或α5β1拮抗劑係與細胞毒素藥劑或化學治療劑拼合。根據另一實施例,細胞毒素藥劑為放射性同位素或毒素。
本發明提供包含VEGF拮抗劑、α5β1拮抗劑及醫藥學上可接受之載劑之組合物。本發明亦提供包含偵測已經VEGF拮抗劑治療之個體體內之α5β1的說明書的產品。
本發明亦係關於VEGFR促效劑及α5β1促效劑促進血管生成及血管滲透之用途及包含VEGF促效劑及α5β1促效劑及醫藥學上可接受之載劑之組合物。VEGFR促效劑及α5β1促效劑組合治療可用於治療多種將自增加之血管生成及血管滲透獲益之疾病,包括(例如)用於傷口癒合,諸如用於治療慢性傷口、急性傷口及正常傷口。
在不受理論限制之情況下,吾人提出增加之基質細胞募集可將其他可補償經VEGF拮抗劑治療治療之患者體內VEGF活性之損失之血管生長因子帶至病態位點。用抗a5b1抗體靶向a5b1表現之基質細胞可導致基質細胞降低,從而降低潛在的補償血管生長因子之產量。或者或另外,提出抑制內皮-細胞外基質相互作用且尤其抑制α5β1結合相互作用將增強VEGF拮抗劑治療,歸因於VEGF拮抗劑治療藉由使血管退化抑制血管生成沿細胞外基質蹤跡返回來增強。因此,同時或在任何VEGF拮抗劑治療之後用α5β1拮抗劑治療可抑制血管自VEGF拮抗劑治療恢復,且因此使新血管生長回返。
"α5β1"或"a5b1"為包含兩個不同蛋白質(亦即,α5及β1之亞單元)之整合素。已展示α5β1與黏連蛋白、L1-CAM及纖維蛋白原結合。α5β1整合素亦稱為極晚活化分子(Very Late Activation-5)、VLA-5、α5β1、CD49e/CD29、黏連蛋白受體、FNR及GPIc-IIa。根據一較佳實施例,α5β1為人類α5β1。
亦稱為CD49e、α5、整合素α5亞單元、VLA-5α亞單元、GPIc-IIa之IC亞單元且FNRα鏈之"α5"具有4種由替代剪接(A-D)產生之同功異型物。其在其細胞質域內變化。α5之人類同功異型物之胺基酸序列分別可見於(例如)基因庫寄存編號:X07979、U33879、U33882及U33880。
"β1"亦稱為CD29、β1、血小板GPIIa;VLA-β鏈;β-1整合素鏈、CD29;FNRB;MDF2;VLAB;GPIIA;MSK12及VLA5B。人類β1之胺基酸序列可見於(例如)基因庫寄存編號X06256。
如本文所使用之術語"VEGF"或"VEGF"係指如Leung等人,Science
,246:1306(1989)及Houck等人,Mol.Endocrin
.,5:1806(1991)所述之165個胺基酸之人類血管內皮細胞生長因子及相關121個、189個及206個胺基酸之人類血管內皮細胞生長因子,以及天然存在之其對偶基因形式及經加式之形式。術語"VEGF"亦係指來自諸如小鼠、大鼠或靈長類之非人類物種之VEGF。有時來自特定物種之VEGF由諸如用於人類VEGF之hVEGF、用於鼠類VEGF之mVEGF等之術語指示。術語"VEGF"亦用於指包含165個胺基酸之人類血管內皮細胞生長因子之胺基酸8至109或1至109之多肽的截斷形式。在本申請案中,"VEGF(8-109)"、"VEGF(1-109)"或"VEGF165
"等同提及任何該等形式之VEGF。"截斷"原生VEGF之胺基酸位置係如原生VEGF序列中所指示編號。舉例而言,截斷原生VEGF中之胺基酸位置17(甲硫胺酸)亦為原生VEGF中之位置17(甲硫胺酸)。與原生VEGF相比,截斷原生VEGF對KDR及Flt-1受體具有結合親和力。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF為人類VEGF。
"VEGF拮抗劑"係指能夠中和、阻斷、抑制、取消、降低或干擾VEGF活性之分子,包括其與VEGF或一或多VEGF受體或編碼其之核酸之結合。VEGF拮抗劑較佳結合VEGF或VEGF受體。VEGF拮抗劑包括抗VEGF抗體及其抗原結合片段,結合VEGF及VEGF受體且阻斷配位體-受體相互作用之多肽(例如,免疫黏著素、肽體),抗VEGF受體抗體及諸如VEGFR酪胺酸激酶之小分子抑制劑之VEGF受體拮抗劑,結合VEGF之適體及在嚴格條件下與編碼VEGF或VEGF受體之核酸序列雜交之核酸(例如,RNAi)。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑與VEGF結合且在活體外抑制VEGF誘導之內皮細胞增殖。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑與VEGF或VEGF受體以比非VEGF或非VEGF受體更高之親和力結合。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑與VEGF或VEGF受體以1 μM與1 pM之間的Kd結合。根據另一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑與VEGF或VEGF受體以500 nM至1 pM結合。
根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:諸如抗體之多肽、肽體、免疫黏著素、小分子或適體。在一較佳實施例中,抗體為諸如AVASTIN抗體之抗VEGF抗體或諸如抗VEGFR2或抗VEGFR3抗體之抗VEGF受體抗體。VEGF拮抗劑之其他實例包括:VEGF-Trap、Mucagen、PTK787、SU11248、AG-013736、Bay 439006(索拉菲尼(sorafenib))、ZD-6474、CP632、CP-547632、AZD-2171、CDP-171、SU-14813、CHIR-258、AEE-788、SB786034、BAY579352、CDP-791、EG-3306、GW-786034、RWJ-417975/CT6758及KRN-633。
"抗VEGF抗體"為以足夠親和力及與VEGF特異性結合之抗體。本發明之抗VEGF抗體較佳可用作靶向且干擾涉及VEGF活性之疾病或病狀之治療劑。抗VEGF抗體通常應不與其他諸如VEGF-B或VEGF-C之VEGF同源物亦不與其他諸如PlGF、PDGF或bFGF之生長因子結合。較佳抗VEGF抗體為單株抗體,其與與由融合瘤ATCC HB 10709產生之單株抗VEGF抗體A4.6.1相同之抗原決定基結合。抗VEGF抗體更佳為根據Presta等人,(1997)Cancer Res.57:4593-4599產生之重組人化抗VEGF單株抗體,其包括(但不限於)稱為貝伐株單抗(BV;Avastin)之抗體。根據另一實施例,可使用之抗VEGF抗體包括(但不限於)WO 2005/012359中所揭示之抗體。根據一實施例,抗VEGF抗體包含WO 2005/012359之圖24、25、26、27及29揭示之抗體(例如,G6、G6-23、G6-31、G6-23.1、G6-23.2、B20、B20-4及B20.4.1)之任一者之可變重區及可變輕區。
亦稱為"rhuMAb VEGF"或"Avastin"之抗VEGF抗體"貝伐株單抗(BV)"為根據Presta等人,(1997)Cancer Res.57:4593-4599產生之重組人化抗VEGF單株抗體。其包含突變人類IgG1構架區及來自阻斷人類VEGF與其受體結合之鼠類抗hVEGF單株抗體A.4.6.1之抗原結合互補判定區。貝伐株單抗之胺基酸序列之約93%(包括大部分構架區)係源自人類IgG1且該序列之約7%係源自鼠類抗體A4.6.1。貝伐株單抗具有約149,000道爾頓之分子質量且經糖基化。其他抗VEGF抗體包括美國專利第6884879號及WO 2005/044853中所述之抗體。
"α5β1拮抗劑"係指任何抑制α5β1之生物活性之分子。根據一較佳實施例,拮抗劑分子特異性地結合α5β1。根據一較佳實施例,拮抗劑分子與α5結合。根據一較佳實施例,α5β1拮抗劑較佳以相對於非α5β1整合素更高的親和力結合α5β1。根據一較佳實施例,拮抗劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:諸如抗體之多肽,肽體或免疫黏著素,小分子或抑制α5β1與其配位體(尤其,黏連蛋白)結合之適體或在嚴格條件下與編碼α5β1之核酸分子雜交之核酸(例如,干擾α5表現之RNAi)。α5β1之生物活性可為選自由以下各效應組合之群之效應的任一種組合或所有:(1)與黏連蛋白結合,(2)增強黏連蛋白上之細胞遷移,(3)黏連蛋白在存在下增加包含α5β1之細胞存活,(4)在黏連蛋白存在下增加包含α5β1之細胞之增殖及(5)在黏連蛋白存在下增加包含α5β1之細胞之管形成。
抗α5β1拮抗劑抗體之實例包括M200及F200(WO 2004/089988A2)、本文所述之7H5抗體及7H12抗體,及其嵌合的、完全的人類及人化抗體。舉例而言,M200及F200抗體可源自小鼠抗人類α5β1抗體,IIA1(Pharmingen,San Diego,Ca)之可變重鏈及可變輕鏈。α5β1小分子抑制劑之實例包括Ac-PHSCN-NH2(WO-9822617A1)及(S)-2-[(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)磺醯基]胺基-3-[7-苄基氧基羰基-8-(2-吡啶基胺基甲基)-1-氧雜-2,7-二氮雜螺-(4,4)-壬-2-烯-3-基]羰基胺基]丙酸。根據一較佳實施例,α5β1拮抗劑結合α5β1且不結合αVβ3或αVβ5或αVβ1。根據一較佳實施例,α5β1拮抗劑以1 μM與1 pM之間的Kd與α5β1結合。根據另一較佳實施例,α5β1拮抗劑以500 nM與1 pM之間的Kd與α5結合。根據一較佳實施例,α5β1抗體為在競爭性結合檢定中可與7H5抗體或7H12抗體競爭與α5β1結合之抗體。根據另一較佳實施例,抗體為由2006年3月7日寄存為α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO.PTA-7421)之融合瘤或寄存為α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCCNO.PTA-7420)之融合瘤產生之抗體競爭性抑制與α5β1結合的抗體。
"VEGFR促效劑"係指可使VEGF受體活化或增加其表現之分子。VEGFR促效劑包括(但不限於)(例如)VEGFR、VEGF變異體、抗體及活性片段之配位體促效劑。
"α5β1促效劑"係指可使α5β1活化或增加其表現之分子。α5β1促效劑包括(但不限於)(例如)α5β1之配位體促效劑。
以與靶上之重疊或類似區域結合為特徵之諸如抗體之分子可由競爭性抑制/結合檢定鑑別。
在一實施例中,表現α5β1之HUVEC或其他細胞係用於競爭性抑制檢定且FACS係用於評估兩個抗α5β1抗體相互之間的結合位置。舉例而言,可將HUVEC細胞在錐形管中洗滌且在1000 rpm下旋轉5 min。通常將小球洗滌兩次。隨後,將細胞再懸浮、計數且在使用前保持於冰上。可將100 μl第一抗α5β1抗體(例如,起始為1 μg/ml之濃度或更低之濃度)添加至孔中。接著,可將100 μl(例如,20×10^5
個細胞)細胞添加至每個孔中且在冰上培育30 min。接著,可將100 μl經生物素標記之抗α5β1抗體(儲備濃度為5 μg/ml)添加至各孔中且在冰上培育30 min。隨後,將細胞洗滌且在1000 rpm下成球5 min。將上清液抽吸。將第二抗體R-藻紅蛋白拼合之抗生蛋白鏈菌素(Jackson 016-110-084)添加至孔中(100 μl,1:1000)。接著,將板包裏於箔片中且在冰上培育30 min。培育之後,可將小球洗滌且在1000 rpm下成球5 min。可將小球再懸浮且轉移至微量滴定管以用於FACS分析。
"血管生成因子或藥劑"為刺激血管發育,例如促進血管生成、內皮細胞生長、血管穩定性及/或血管發生等之生長因子。舉例而言,血管生成因子包括(但不限於)(例如)VEGF及VEGF家族之成員、P1GF、PDGF家族、纖維母細胞生長因子(fibroblast growth factor)家族(FGF)、TIE配位體(血管生成素)、Eph受體之配體(ephrin)、Del-1、纖維母細胞生長因子:酸性(aFGF)及鹼性(bFGF)、卵泡抑素(Follistatin)、粒細胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)(G-CSF)、肝細胞生長因子(Hepatocyte growth factor)(HGF)/散射因子(scatter factor)(SF)、介白素-8(IL-8)、瘦素(Leptin)、中期因子(Midkine)、胎盤生長因子(Placental growth factor)、血小板源性內皮細胞生長因子(Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor)(PD-ECGF)、血小板源性生長因子(Platelet-derived growth factor),尤其PDGF-BB或PDGFR-β、多效生長因子(Pleiotrophin)(PTN)、前顆粒性素(Progranulin)、增殖蛋白(Proliferin)、轉化生長因子-α(Transforming growth factor-alpha)(TGF-α)、轉化生長因子-β(Transforming growth factor-beta)(TGF-β)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-alpha)(TNF-α)、血管內皮生長因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor)(VEGF)/血管滲透因子(vascular permeability factor)(VPF)等。亦可能包括加速傷口癒合之因子,諸如生長激素、類胰島素生長因子-I(IGF-I)、VIGF、表皮生長因子(EGF)、CTGF及其家族成員及TGF-α及TGF-β。參見,例如Klagsbrun及D'Amore,Annu.Rev.Physiol.
,53:217-39(1991);Streit及Detmar,Oncogene
,22:3172-3179(2003);Ferrara及Alitalo,Nature Medicine
5(12):1359-1364(1999);Tonini等人,Oncogene
,22:6549-6556(2003)(例如,列出已知血管生成因子之表1);及SatoInt.J.Clin.Oncol
.,8:200-206(2003)。
在一較佳實施例中,根據發明之抗VEGF抗體之"Kd"或"Kd值"係如下列檢定所述由用Fab型抗體及VEGF分子執行之放射性標記VEGF結合檢定(RIA)量測,該下列檢定藉由在未標記之VEGF滴定系列存在下使Fab與(125
I)標記之VEGF(109)之最小濃度平衡,隨後用經抗Fab抗體塗佈之板捕獲結合VEGF來量測VEGF之Fab之溶液結合親和力(Chen等人,(1999)J.Mol Biol 293:865-881)。為建立檢定之條件,將微量滴定板(Dynex)用於50 mM碳酸鈉(pH 9.6)中之5 μg/ml捕獲之抗Fab抗體(Cappel Labs)塗佈隔夜,且隨後在室溫下(大約23℃)用於PBS中之2%(w/v)牛血清白蛋白阻斷2至5個小時。在非吸附性板(Nunc #269620)中,將100 pM或26 pM[125
I]VEGF(109)與所關注之Fab(例如,Fab-12)之連續稀釋液混合(Presta等人,(1997)Cancer Res.
57:4593-4599)。隨後,將所關注之Fab培育隔夜;然而培育可能持續65小時以確保達到平衡。此後,將混合物轉移至捕獲板以在室溫下培育1小時。隨後,將溶液移除且將板用於PBS中之0.1%吐溫-20(Tween-20)洗滌8次。當板已乾燥時,添加150 μl/孔閃爍體(MicroScint-20;Packard),且將板在Topcountγ計數管(Packard)上計數10分鐘。選擇產生小於或等於最大結合之20%之各Fab的濃度以用於競爭性結合檢定。根據另一實施例,Kd或Kd值係藉由使用表面電漿共振檢定使用BIAcoreTM
-2000或BIAcoreTM
-3000(BIAcore,Inc.,Piscataway,NJ)在25℃下用固定hVEGF(8-109)CM5晶片在約10個應答單元(RU)處量測。簡言之,根據供應商之說明書,將羧基甲基化右旋糖苷生物傳感器晶片(CM5,BIAcore Inc.)用N-乙基-N'-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-碳化二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC)及N-羥基丁二醯亞胺(NHS)活化。在以5微升/分鐘之流速注射之前,將人類VEGF用10 mM乙酸鈉(pH 4.8)稀釋為5 μg/ml(約0.2 μM)以獲得大約10個具有偶合蛋白之應答單元(RU)。注射人類VEGF之後,注射1 M乙醇胺以阻斷未反應之基團。就動力學量測而言,在25℃下,以大約25微升/分鐘之流速注射於具有0.05%吐溫20之PBS(PBST)中之Fab(0.78 nM至500 nM)之兩倍連續稀釋液。使用一對一朗繆爾結合模型(Langmuir binding model)(BIAcore評估軟體3.2版本(BIAcore Evaluation Software version 3.2))藉由使締合及解離感應譜同時擬合來計算締合速率(kon
)及解離速率(koff
)。平衡解離常數(Kd)係計算為比率koff
/kon
。參見,例如Chen,Y,等人,(1999)J.Mol Biol
293:865-881。若由上述表面電漿共振檢定on-速率超過106
M-1
S-1
,則on-速率可藉由使用螢光淬滅技術(激發=295 nm;發射=340 nm,帶通為16 nm)測定,該螢光淬滅技術在25℃下在如諸如停流裝備之光譜光度計(Aviv Instruments)或8000-series SLM-Aminco光譜光度計(ThermoSpectronic)之光譜計所量測人類VEGF短形式(8-109)或小鼠VEGF之濃度存在增加下用經攪拌之比色管量測於PBS(pH 7.2)中之20 nM抗VEGF抗體(Fab形式)之螢光發射強度之增加或減少。可使用α5β1作為靶執行類似結合檢定測定抗α5β1 Fab之Kd。
如本文所使用,待治療之個體為哺乳動物(例如,人類、非人類靈長類、大鼠、小鼠、母牛、馬、豬、羊、山羊、狗、貓等)。個體可為臨床患者、臨床試驗志願者、實驗動物等。可懷疑個體具有以下各病或處於以下各病之風險中:癌症、免疫病或任何其他具有異常血管生成之疾病,個體可經診斷具有癌症、免疫病或任何其他具有異常血管生成之疾病。此項技術中已知許多診斷癌症、免疫病或任何其他展示異常血管生成之疾病之方法及彼等疾病之臨床描繪。根據一較佳實施例,根據發明之待治療之個體為人類。
當疾病狀態中新血管過度或不適當生長(例如,自醫學觀點,血管生成之位置、定時或發作)或新血管過度或不適當生長以致引起疾病狀態時,出現術語異常血管生成。當在諸如以下各病中存在促使疾病狀態惡化或引起疾病狀態之新血管生長時,出現過度、不適當或不受控制之血管生成:癌症,尤其血管化實體腫瘤及轉移性瘤(包括結腸癌、肺癌(尤其小細胞肺癌)或前列腺癌);由眼部新血管生成引起之疾病,尤其糖尿病性眼盲病、視網膜病、原發性糖尿病性性視網膜病或年齡誘發之黃斑部變性、脈絡膜新血管生成(CNV)、糖尿病性黃斑部水腫、病理學近視、逢希伯-林道疾病(von Hippel-Lindau disease)、眼部之組織漿菌病、中樞視網膜靜脈阻塞(Central Retinal Vein Occlusion)(CRVO)、角膜新血管生成、視網膜新血管生成及虹膜紅變;牛皮癬、牛皮癬關節炎、諸如血管瘤之血管母細胞瘤;發炎性腎疾病,諸如絲球體腎炎,尤其膜增殖性絲球體腎炎(mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis)、溶血性尿毒性症候群、糖尿病性腎病或高血壓腎硬化;各種發炎性疾病,諸如關節炎,尤其類風濕性關節炎、發炎性腸疾病、牛皮癬、肉狀瘤病、動脈硬化及移植後出現之疾病、子宮內膜異位或慢性哮喘及70種以上的其他病狀。新血管可饋料至病組織、破壞正常組織且在癌症之情況下,新血管可使腫瘤細胞逸入循環中且進入其他器官(腫瘤轉移)。本發明涵蓋治療彼等處於發展上述疾病之風險中之患者。
其他接受本發明之抗體或多肽之候選者之患者具有以下各病或處於發展以下各病之風險中:維管組織之異常增殖、紅斑痤瘡、後天性免疫不全症候群、動脈阻塞、異位性角膜炎、細菌潰瘍、白塞病(Bechets disease)、血液媒介腫瘤、頸動脈阻塞性疾病、脈絡膜新血管生成、慢性發炎、慢性視網膜剝離、慢性葡萄膜炎、慢性玻璃體炎、隱形眼鏡過度磨損、角膜移植排斥、角膜新血管生成、角膜移植新血管生成、克羅恩氏病、伊爾斯氏病(Eales disease)、流行性角膜結膜炎、真菌潰瘍、單純性疱疹感染(Herpes simplex infection)、帶狀疱疹感染(Herpes zoster infection)、黏性過大症候群、卡波濟氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、白血病、脂質變性、萊姆病(Lyme's disease)、邊緣角質層分離、木雷潰瘍(Mooren ulcer)、非麻瘋病之分枝桿菌感染(Mycobacteria infection)、近視、眼部新血管疾病、視窩、奧韋症候群(Osler-Weber syndrome)(Osler-Weber-Rendu)、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(Pagets disease)、睫狀體平坦部炎、類天疱瘡、泡性角結膜炎(phylectenulosis)、多動脈炎、雷射後併發症、原生動物感染、彈性假黃瘤、乾燥性翼狀胬肉角膜炎、放射狀角膜切開術、視網膜新血管生成、早產兒視網膜病、晶狀體後纖維組織形成、類肉瘤、鞏膜炎、鐮刀型細胞貧血症、乾燥症候群(Sogrens syndrome)、實體腫瘤、Stargart氏病、史蒂芬-約翰遜病(Steven's Johnson disease)、上邊緣角膜炎、梅毒、系統性狼瘡、Terrien氏角膜邊緣變性(Terrien's marginal degeneration)、弓形蟲病、外傷、尤文氏肉瘤(Ewing sarcoma)腫瘤、神經母細胞瘤腫瘤、骨肉瘤腫瘤、成視網膜細胞瘤腫瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤腫瘤、潰瘍性結腸炎、靜脈阻塞、維生素A缺乏症及韋格納氏肉芽腫(Wegeners sarcoidosis)、糖尿病相關聯之不想要的血管生成、寄生蟲病、異常傷口癒合、手術後肥大(hypertrophy following surgery)、損傷或外傷、毛生長抑制、排卵抑制及黃體形成、植入抑制及子宮內胚胎發育抑制。
抗血管生成治療係適用於以下各病之一般治療:移植排斥、肺炎、腎病症候群、子癇前期、諸如心包炎相關聯之心包滲出之心包滲出及胸腔滲出,以不想要之血管滲透為特徵之疾病及病症,例如腦腫瘤相關聯之水腫、惡性腫瘤相關聯之腹水、梅格斯氏症候群(Meigs' syndrome)、肺炎、腎病症候群、心包滲出、胸膜滲出、諸如心肌梗塞及中風之後的病狀之心血管疾病相關聯之滲透,及其類似疾病。
根據發明,其他血管生成相關疾病包括血管纖維瘤(有出血傾向之血管之異常血液)、新血管青光眼(眼睛中血管之生長)、動靜脈畸形(動脈與靜脈之間的異常連通)、不癒合性骨折(不能治癒之骨折)、動脈粥樣硬化斑(動脈硬化)、膿性肉芽腫(包括血管之常見皮膚病變)、硬皮病(結締組織疾病之一種)、血管瘤(包括血管之腫瘤)、沙眼(在第三世界,失明之主要原因)、嗜血關節、血管黏著性及肥厚性瘢痕(異常瘢痕形成)。"治療"係指治療性治療與預防性(prophylactic或preventative)措施。彼等需要治療之患者包括彼等已具有病症之患者以及彼等體內之病症待預防之患者。
術語"重複出現"、"復發"("relapse"或"relapsed")係指臨床評定疾病消失之後,癌症或疾病之回復。遠處轉移或局部重複出現之診斷可視為復發。
術語"難以治癒"或"抵抗性"係指不對治療反應之癌症或疾病。
術語"佐劑治療"係指主要治療,通常為手術之後,所給予之治療。癌症或疾病之佐劑治療可包括免疫治療、化學治療、放射療法或激素治療。
術語"維持治療"係指有助於維持上述治療效應而給予之定期再治療。通常給予維持治療以有助於使癌症保持在症狀緩解狀態或不考慮疾病進展延長對特定治療之反應。
術語"侵襲性癌症"係指已蔓延超出組織之層的癌症,在該組織中癌症開始進入正常的周圍組織中。侵襲性癌症可能具有轉移性或可能不具有轉移性。
術語"非侵襲性癌症"係指極早期之癌症或仍未蔓延超出起源組織之癌症。
術語"無進展之存活"在腫瘤學中係指治療期間及之後,癌症不生長之時間長度。無進展之存活包括患者經歷完全反應或部分反應之時間量以及患者經歷穩定疾病之時間量。
術語"進展疾病"在腫瘤學中可指自治療開始歸因於腫塊增加或腫瘤蔓延的20%以上的腫瘤生長。
"病症"為任何可自抗體治療受益之病狀。舉例而言,患異常血管生成或需要預防異常血管生成(過度、不適當或不受控制之血管生成)或血管滲透之哺乳動物。該病症包括慢性及急性病症或疾病,包括彼等使哺乳動物預先患有所討論之病症之病理學病狀。本文之待治療之病症的非限定性實例包括惡性及良性腫瘤;非白血病及淋巴惡性腫瘤;神經元病、神經膠質病、星形細胞病、下丘腦及其他腺病、巨噬細胞病、上皮病、基質病及囊胚腔病;及發炎、血管生成及免疫學病症。
術語"癌症"("cancer"及"cancerous")係指或描述通常以未經調節之細胞生長為特徵之哺乳動物之生理病狀。癌症之實例包括(但不侷限於)癌瘤、淋巴瘤、胚細胞瘤、肉瘤及白血病。該等癌症之更特定之實例包括鱗狀細胞癌、惡性膠質瘤、頸癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝瘤、乳癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮內膜癌瘤、唾液腺癌瘤、腎臟癌(kidney cancer)、腎癌(renal cancer)、前列腺癌、陰門癌、甲狀腺癌、肝癌瘤、頭頸部癌、直腸癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌(包括小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、肺腺癌瘤及肺鱗狀癌瘤)、鱗狀細胞癌(例如,上皮鱗狀細胞癌)、前列腺癌、腹膜癌、肝細胞癌、胃癌(gastric或stomach cancer)(包括胃腸癌)、胰腺癌、惡性膠質瘤、成視網膜細胞瘤、星形細胞瘤、卵泡膜細胞瘤、卵巢含睾丸母細胞瘤、肝瘤、血液惡性腫瘤(包括非何傑金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkins lymphoma)(NHL)、多發性骨髓瘤及急性血液惡性腫瘤)、子宮內膜或子宮癌瘤、子宮內膜異位、纖維肉瘤、惡性合胞體瘤、唾液腺癌瘤、陰門癌、甲狀腺癌、食道癌、肝癌瘤、肛門癌瘤、陰莖癌瘤、鼻咽癌瘤、喉癌瘤、卡波濟氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、黑素瘤、皮膚癌瘤、神經鞘瘤、寡枝神經膠質細胞瘤、神經母細胞瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、骨肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、泌尿道癌瘤、甲狀腺癌瘤、威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilm's tumor)以及B-細胞淋巴瘤(包括低級/卵泡非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(NHL)、小淋巴細胞(SL)NHL、中級/卵泡NHL、中級擴散NHL、高級免疫免疫母細胞性NHL、高級成淋巴細胞NHL、高級小非核裂細胞NHL、大體積病NHL、套細胞淋巴瘤、AIDS相關淋巴瘤及瓦爾登斯特倫氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia))、慢性淋巴細胞性白血病(CLL)、急性淋巴母細胞白血病(ALL)、毛細胞白血病、慢性成髓細胞白血病及移植後淋巴組織增殖病症(PTLD)以及母斑病相關聯之異常血管增殖及梅格斯氏症候群。
如本文所使用,"腫瘤"係指所有惡性或良性贅生性細胞生長及增殖,及所有癌症前及癌症細胞或組織。
術語"抗贅生性組合物"或"抗贅生性藥劑"係指包含至少一種活性治療劑之適用於治療癌症之組合物,例如,"抗癌症藥劑"。治療劑之實例(抗癌藥劑)包括(但不限於)(例如)化學治療劑、生長抑制劑、細胞毒素間諜、用於放射治療之藥劑、抗血管生成劑、細胞凋亡劑、抗微管蛋白劑及其他治療癌症之藥劑,諸如抗HER-2抗體、抗CD20抗體、表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)拮抗劑(例如,酪胺酸激酶抑制劑)、HER1/EGFR抑制劑(例如,埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(TarcevaTM
))、血小板源性生長因子抑制劑(例如,GleevecTM
(甲磺酸伊馬替尼(Imatinib Mesylate)))、COX-2抑制劑(例如,塞來昔布(celecoxib))、干擾素、細胞激素、與一或多個下列靶結合之拮抗劑(例如,中和抗體):ErbB2、ErbB3、ErbB4、PDGFR-β、BAFF、BR3、APRIL、BCMA或VEGF受體,TRAIL/Apo2及其他生理活性及有機化學藥劑等。其組合亦涵蓋於本發明中。
當本文使用"生長抑制劑"時係指活體外及/或活體內抑制細胞生長之化合物或組合物。因此,生長抑制劑可為在S期顯著降低細胞百分率之抑制劑。生長抑制劑之實例包括阻斷細胞週期進行(在非S期)之藥劑,諸如誘導G1阻滯(arrest)及M期阻滯之藥劑。典型M期阻斷劑包括長春花類(長春新鹼(vincristine)及長春花鹼(vinblastine)),TAXOL,及topo II抑制劑,諸如阿黴素(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、依託泊苷(etoposide)及博來黴素(bleomycin)。阻滯G1之藥劑亦溢至S期阻滯,例如DNA烷化劑,諸如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、潑尼松(prednisone)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、順鉑(cisplatin)、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil)及阿拉伯糖苷(ara-C)。其他資訊可見於The Molecular Basis of Cancer,Mendelsohn及Israel編,第1章,由Murakami等人,標題為"Cell cycle regulation,oncogenes,and antineoplastic drugs"(WB Saunders:Philadelphia,1995),尤其第13頁。
如本文所使用,術語"細胞毒素劑"係指抑制或阻止細胞功能及/或引起細胞破壞之物質。該術語意欲包括放射性同位素(例如I131
、I125
、Y90
及Re186
),化學治療劑,及毒素,諸如細菌、真菌、植物或動物來源之酶活性毒素或其片段。
"化學治療劑"為適用於癌症治療之化合物。化學治療劑之實例包括適用於治療癌症之化合物。化學治療劑之實例包括烷化劑,諸如噻替派(thiotepa)及CYTOXAN環磷醯胺;烷基磺酸鹽,諸如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)及哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶,諸如苯幷多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、麥曲多巴(meturedopa)及脲多巴(uredopa);伸乙基亞胺類(ethylenimines)及甲基三聚氰胺類(methylamelamines),包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三伸乙基三聚氰胺(triethylenemelamine)、三伸乙基磷醯胺(triethylene-phosphoramide)、三伸乙基硫代磷醯胺(triethylenethio-phosphoramide)及三羥甲基三聚氰胺(trimethylolo-melamine);番荔枝內酯(acetogenins)(尤其是布拉他辛(bullatacin)及布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜樹鹼(camptothecin)(包括合成類似物托泊替康(topotecan));苔蘚蟲素(bryostatin);卡利斯塔叮(callystatin);CC-1065(包括其阿多來新(adozelesin)、卡折來新(carzelesin)及比折來新(bizelesin)合成類似物);念珠藻環肽類(cryptophycins)(尤其是念珠藻環肽1及念珠藻環肽8);海兔毒素(dolastatin);多卡黴素(duocarmycin)(包括合成類似物、KW-2189及CB1-TM1);艾榴素(eleutherobin);盤克斯塔叮(pancratistatin);沙考的汀(sarcodictyin);海綿素(spongistatin);氮芥類,諸如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯磷醯胺(cholophosphamide)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、鹽酸氮芥氧化物、美法侖(melphalan)、新氮芥(novembichin)、膽固醇苯乙酸氮芥(phenesterine)、松龍苯芥(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶芥(uracil mustard);亞硝基脲類(nitrosureas),諸如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲黴素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)及拉甯司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素,諸如烯二炔類(enediyne)抗生素(例如,刺孢黴素(calicheamicin),尤其是刺孢黴素γ1I及刺孢黴素ΩI1(參見例如Agnew,Chem Intl.編Engl.,33:183-186(1994));達黴素(dynemicin),包括達黴素A;雙膦酸鹽,諸如氯屈膦酸鹽(clodronate);艾斯帕黴素(esperamicin);以及新制癌菌素(neocarzinostatin)發色團及相關色蛋白烯二炔類(enediyne)抗生素發色團,克拉斯黴素(aclacinomysins)、放線菌素(actinomycin)、奧斯拉黴素(authramycin)、偶氮絲胺酸(azaserine)、博來黴素(bleomycins)、放線菌素C(cactinomycin)、卡拉比星(carabicin)、洋紅黴素(carminomycin)、嗜癌菌素(carzinophilin)、克羅黴素(chromomycinis)、放線菌素D(dactinomycin)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮-5-側氧基-L-正白胺酸、ADRIAMYCIN阿黴素(doxorubicin)(包括嗎啉幷-阿黴素、氰基嗎啉幷-阿黴素、2-吡咯啉幷-阿黴素及去氧阿黴素)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、黃膽素(idarubicin)、麻西羅黴素(marcellomycin);絲裂黴素類(mitomycins),諸如絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C)、黴酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、諾加黴素(nogalamycin)、橄欖黴素(olivomycins)、培洛黴素(peplomycin)、潑菲黴素(potfiromycin)、嘌呤黴素(puromycin)、奎那黴素(quelamycin)、羅多比星(rodorubicin)、鏈黑菌素(streptonigrin)、鏈佐星(streptozocin)、殺結核菌素(tubercidin)、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、新制癌菌素(zinostatin)、左柔比星(zorubicin);抗代謝物,諸如甲胺喋呤及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);葉酸類似物,諸如迪諾特寧(denopterin)、甲胺喋呤、蝶羅呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤類似物,諸如氟達拉賓(fludarabine)、6-巰基嘌呤(6-mercaptopurine)、噻咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶類似物,諸如環胞苷(ancitabine)、阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)、6-硫唑脲嘧啶(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、雙脫氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素,諸如二甲睾酮(calusterone)、屈他雄酮丙酸酯(dromostanolone propionate)、環硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾內酯(testolactone);抗腎上腺類,諸如胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);葉酸補充液,諸如夫羅林酸;醋葡醛內酯(aceglatone);醛磷醯胺苷;胺基乙醯丙酸;伊利盧拉(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);倍思塔布(bestrabucil);比生群(bisantrene);艾達曲克(edatraxate);得弗伐胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);艾弗利散(elfornithine);依利醋銨(elliptinium acetate);艾普塞隆(epothilone);依託格魯(etoglucid);硝酸鎵;羥基尿素(hydroxyurea);香菇多糖(lentinan);羅尼達寧(lonidainine);美登素類(maytansinoids),諸如美登素(maytansine)及胺沙托辛(ansamitocins);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫比達摩(mopidanmol);硝拉維林(nitraerine);噴司他丁(pentostatin);凡那明(phenamet);比柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);足葉草酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙醯肼(2-ethylhydrazide);丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);PSK多醣複合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根瘤菌素(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);鍺螺胺(spirogermanium);細交鏈孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亞胺醌(triaziquone);2,2',2"-三氯三乙基胺;單端孢黴烯族毒素(trichothecenes)(尤其T-2毒素(T-2 toxin)、弗納庫林A(verracurin A)、桿孢菌素(roridin A)及胺癸叮(anguidine));烏拉坦(urethan);長春地辛(vindesine);達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露莫司汀(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴衛矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);甲托辛(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(arabinoside)("Ara-C");環磷醯胺;噻替派(thiotepa);紫杉醇類(taxoids),例如TAXOL太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)、ABRAXANETM無Cremophor之經白蛋白工程化之太平洋紫杉醇奈米粒子調配物(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Illinois)及TAXOTERE多西他賽(doxetaxel)(Rhne-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France);克羅南布(chloranbucil);GEMZAR吉西他濱(gemcitabine);6-硫代鳥嘌呤(6-thioguanine);巰基嘌呤(mercaptopurine);甲胺喋呤;鉑類似物,諸如順鉑(cisplatin)及卡鉑(carboplatin);長春花鹼;鉑(platinum);依託泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16);異環磷醯胺;米托蒽醌;長春新鹼;NAVELBINE長春花;諾凡特龍(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);依達曲沙(edatrexate);道諾黴素(daunomycin);胺基喋呤(aminopterin);希羅達(xeloda);伊班膦酸鹽(ibandronate);伊立替康(irinotecan)(Camptosar,CPT-11)(包括伊立替康與5-FU及甲醯四氫葉酸之治療方案);拓撲異構酶抑制劑RFS 2000;二氟甲基鳥胺酸(DMFO);類視色素,諸如視黃酸;卡培他濱(capecitabine);康柏斯達汀(combretastatin);甲醯四氫葉酸(LV);奧賽力鉑(oxaliplatin),包括奧賽力鉑治療方案(FOLFOX);降低細胞增殖之PKC-α、Raf、H-Ras及EGFR抑制劑(例如,埃羅替尼(TarcevaTM))及上述者中任一者之醫藥學上可接受的鹽、酸或衍生物。
以下各物亦包括於該定義中:起調節或抑制激素對腫瘤之作用之抗激素藥劑,諸如抗雌激素及選擇性雌激素受體調節劑(SERM),包括(例如)他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)(包括NOLVADEX他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、4-羥基他莫昔芬(4-hydroxytamoxifen)、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、雷洛昔芬鹽酸鹽(keoxifene)、LY117018、奧那司酮(onapristone)及FARESTON.托瑞米芬(FARESTON.toremifene);調節腎上腺中雌激素之產量之抑制酶芳香酶的芳香酶抑制劑,諸如4(5)-咪唑、胺魯米特、MEGASE甲地孕酮乙酸酯(megestrol acetate)、AROMASIN依西美坦(exemestane)、弗米斯坦(formestanie)、法倔唑(fadrozole)、RIVISOR伏氯唑(vorozole)、FEMARA來曲唑(letrozole)及ARIMIDEX阿那曲唑(anastrozole);及抗雄激素,諸如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、必卡他胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙立德(leuprolide)及戈舍瑞林(goserelin)以及曲沙他濱(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧戊環核苷胞嘧啶類似物);反義寡聚核苷酸,尤其彼等在牽涉促進細胞增殖之信號途徑中抑制基因表現之寡聚核苷酸,諸如PKC-α、Raf及H-Ras;核糖酶,諸如VEGF表現抑制劑(例如,ANGIOZYME核糖酶)及HER2表現抑制劑;疫苗,諸如基因治療疫苗,例如ALLOVECTIN疫苗、LEUVECTIN疫苗及VAXID疫苗;PROLEUKINrIL-2;LURTOTECAN拓撲異構酶1抑制劑;ABARELIXrmRH;長春花及艾斯帕米辛(參見美國專利第4,675,187號)及上述者中任一者之醫藥學上可接受之鹽、酸或衍生物。
如本申請案中的使用,術語"前藥"係指醫藥學上活性之物質(例如,小分子)之前驅體或衍生形式,其與母藥相比對疾病細胞具有較低的細胞毒素且能夠經酶活化或轉化為更活性之母型。參見,例如Wilman,"Prodrugs in Cancer Chemotherapy"Biochemical Society Transactions
,14,第375-382頁,第615次Meeting Belfast(1986)及Stella等人,"Prodrugs:A Chemical Approach to Targeted Drug Delivery,"Directed Drug Delivery
,Borchardt等人,(編),第247-267頁,Humana Press(1985)。本發明之前藥包括(但不限於)含磷酸鹽前藥、含硫代磷酸鹽前藥、含硫酸鹽前藥、含肽前藥、D-胺基酸改質之前藥、糖基化前藥、含β-內醯胺前藥,視情況經取代之含苯氧基乙醯胺前藥或視情況經取代之含苯乙醯胺前藥、5-氟胞嘧啶及其他5-氟尿核苷前藥,其可轉化為更具活性之細胞毒素游離藥物。可衍生為供本發明使用之前藥形式之細胞毒性藥物的實例包括(但不限於)上述彼等化學治療劑。
"經分離"當用於描述本文所揭示之各種多肽時意謂已經鑑別且自表現多肽之細胞或細胞培養物中分離及/或回收之多肽。其天然環境之污染組分為通常可能干擾多肽之診斷或治療用途之物質,且可包括酶、激素及其他蛋白質溶解物或非蛋白質溶解物。在較佳實施例中,多肽將經純化(1)藉由利用旋轉杯序列分析儀純化至足以獲得N末端或內部胺基酸序列之至少15個殘基的程度,或(2)在非還原條件或還原條件下使用考馬斯亮藍(Coomassie blue)或較佳銀染由SDS-PAGE純化為均一性的。經分離多肽在原處包括重組細胞內之多肽,因為多肽天然環境之至少一種組分將不存在。然而,通常經分離多肽將由至少一個純化步驟製備。
"經分離"多肽編碼核酸或其他多肽編碼核酸為經鑑別且自至少一種污染核酸分子分離之核酸分子,在多肽編碼核酸天然源中該核酸分子通常與該至少一種污染核酸分子相關聯。經分離多肽編碼核酸分子不為天然可見之形式或方式因此,經分離多肽編碼核酸分子不同於存在於天然細胞中之特定多肽編碼核酸分子。然而,經分離多肽編碼核酸分子包括包含於通常表現多肽之細胞中之多肽編碼核酸分子中,其是(例如)該核酸分子係位於與天然細胞之核酸分子不同之染色體位置。
術語"受控序列"係指表現操作性連接之編碼序列於特定宿主有機體中所必需之DNA序列。適用於原核生物之受控序列(例如)包括啟動子,視情況操縱基因及核糖體結合位點。已知真核細胞使用啟動子、多聚腺嘌呤信號及強化子。
當核酸置於與另一核酸序列之函數關係中時,核酸為"操作性連接"。舉例而言,若前序列或分泌性前導物之DNA表現為參與多肽之分泌之前蛋白,則其係與多肽之DNA操作性連接;若啟動子或強化子影響序列之轉錄,則其係與編碼序列操作性連接;或若核糖體結合位點經置放以致促進轉譯,則其係與編碼序列操作性連接。"操作性連接"通常意謂所連接之DNA序列相鄰接且在分泌性前導物之情況下,相鄰接且位於閱讀相。然而,強化子不必相鄰接。連接係藉由在適宜限制酶切位點連接反應來實現。若該等位點不存在,則根據習知實務,使用合成寡聚核苷酸連接物或連接子。
如本文所定義,"嚴格條件"或"高嚴格條件"可由以下各者鑑別:(1)洗滌使用低離子強度及高溫,例如,在50℃下,0.015 M氯化鈉/0.0015 M檸檬酸鈉/0.1%十二烷基硫酸鈉;(2)雜交期間使用諸如甲醯胺之變性劑,例如,在42℃下,具有0.1%牛血清白蛋白之50%(v/v)甲醯胺/0.1%聚蔗糖(Ficoll)/0.1%聚乙烯吡咯啶酮/50 mM磷酸鈉緩衝液(pH 6.5)以及750 mM氯化鈉、75 mM檸檬酸鈉;或(3)在42℃下,在使用50%甲醯胺、5×SSC(0.75 M NaCl、0.075 M檸檬酸鈉)、50 mM磷酸鈉(pH 6.8)、0.1%焦磷酸鈉、5×Denhardt溶液(Denhardt's solution)、超音波降解處理之鮭魚精液DNA(50 μg/ml)、0.1% SDS及10%葡聚糖硫酸酯之溶液中雜交隔夜,在42℃下於0.2×SSC(氯化鈉/檸檬酸鈉)中洗滌10分鐘,接著在55℃下,用由含0.1×SSC之EDTA組成之高嚴格洗滌液洗滌10分鐘。
關於本文所鑑別之多肽序列之"胺基酸序列一致性百分率(%)"定義為在(若必需)對準序列且引入缺口以獲得最大序列一致性百分率後,且不考慮作為序列一致性部分之任何保存取代,與所比較之多肽中之胺基酸殘基一致之候選序列中的胺基酸殘基的百分率。出於測定胺基酸序列一致性百分率之目的之對準可以各種熟習此項技術者所知之方式達成,例如,使用公開可用之電腦軟體,諸如BLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN或Megalign(DNASTAR)軟體。熟習此項技術者可確定量測對準之適當參數,包括在所比較之序列之全長內達成最大對準所需之任何算法。然而,出於本發明之目的,胺基酸序列一致性%值係使用序列比較電腦程式ALIGN-2產生。ALIGN-2序列比較電腦程式係由Genentech,Inc.所創且已為源編碼(表1)申請U.S.Copyright Office,Washington D.C.,20559之使用說明書,其中其登記為美國版權登記第TXU510087號。ALIGN-2程式由Genentech,Inc.,South San Francisco,California公開可用。應將ALIGN-2程式編譯使其在UNIX操作系統,較佳數位UNIX V4.0D上可用。將所有序列比較參數由ALIGN-2程式設定且不變化。
除非另有說明,否則本文所述之胺基酸序列為鄰接胺基酸序列。
如本文所使用,術語"免疫黏著素"指定為使異源蛋白(黏著素")之結合特異性與免疫球蛋白恆定域之效應功能相組合之類抗體分子。在結構上,免疫黏著素包含胺基酸序列與非抗體之抗原識別及結合位點之想要結合特異性之融合(亦即,"異源")及免疫球蛋白恆定域序列。免疫黏著素分子之黏著素部分通常為包含至少受體或諸如VEGFR或黏連蛋白配位體之配位體之結合位點的鄰接胺基酸序列。免疫黏著素中免疫球蛋白恆定域序列可獲自任何免疫球蛋白,諸如IgG-1、IgG-2、IgG-3或IgG-4亞型、IgA(包括IgA-1或IgA-2)、IgE、IgD或IgM。通常包含源自特異性結合與免疫球蛋白之Fc部分融合之靶的序列的噬菌體呈現選擇的序列的肽體本文可視為免疫黏著素。
術語"抗體"係以廣義使用且特定涵蓋(例如)單個單株抗體(包括促效劑、拮抗劑及中和抗體)、具有多抗原決定基特異性之抗體組合物、多株抗體、單鏈抗抗體及抗體片段(參見下文),只要其特異性結合原生多肽及/或展示本發明之生物活性或免疫活性。根據一實施例,抗體與靶蛋白質之寡聚形式,例如三聚形式結合。根據另一實施例,抗體與蛋白質特異性結合,該結合可由本發明之單株抗體(例如,本發明之寄存抗體等)抑制。片語抗體之"功能片段或類似物"為具有與所提及之抗體相同之定性生物活性的化合物。舉例而言,本發明之抗體之功能片段或類似物可為可與VEGF或α5β1特異性結合之功能片段或類似物。在一實施例中,抗體可阻止或大體上降低VEGF誘導細胞增殖之能力。
"經分離抗體"為已經鑑別且自其天然環境之組分分離及/或回收之抗體。其天然環境之污染組分為通常可能干擾抗體之診斷或治療用途之物質,且可包括酶、激素及其他蛋白質溶解物或非蛋白質溶解物。在較佳實施例中,抗體將經純化(1)如由Lowry方法所測定純化為抗體之95重量%以上且最佳99重量%以上,(2)藉由利用旋轉杯序列分析儀純化至足以獲得N末端或內部胺基酸序列之至少15個殘基的程度,或(3)在還原條件或非還原條件下使用考馬斯亮藍或較佳銀染由SDS-PAGE純化為均一性的。經分離抗體包括重組細胞中之原位抗體,因為抗體之天然環境之至少一種組分將不存在。然而,通常經分離抗體將由至少一個純化步驟製備。
鹼性4-鏈抗體單元為包括兩個一致輕(L)鏈及兩個一致重(H)鏈之異源四聚糖蛋白(IgM抗體由5個鹼性異源四聚物單元以及另一稱為J鏈之多肽組成,且因此含有10個抗原結合位點,同時分泌IgA抗體可聚合形成包含2-5個鹼性4-鏈單元以及J鏈之多價集合體)。在IgG之情況下,4-鏈單元通常為約150,000道爾頓。各L鏈經由一個共價二硫鍵連接於H鏈,同時視H鏈同型而定,兩個H鏈經由一或多個二硫鍵彼此連接。各H及L鏈亦具有有規律間隔之鏈內二硫橋鍵。各H鏈在N末端具有可變域(VH
),繼之以各α及γ鏈之三個恆定域(CH
)及μ及ε同型之四個CH
域。各L鏈在N末端具有可變域(VL
),在其另一端繼之以恆定域(CL
)。將VL
與VH
對準且將CL
與重鏈(CH
1)之第一恆定域對準。咸信特定胺基酸殘基在輕鏈與重鏈可變域之間形成界面。VH
與VL
對一起形成單個抗原結合部位。欲知不同種類之抗體之結構及性質,參見,例如Basic and Clinical Immunology
,第8版,Daniel P.Stites,Abba I.Terr及Tristram G.Parslow(編),Appleton & Lange,Norwalk,CT,1994,第71頁及第6章。
來自任何脊椎動物物種之L鏈,基於其恆定域之胺基酸序列,可分配為兩個稱為及λ之明顯不同類型之一個。視其重鏈(CH
)恆定域之胺基酸序列而定,免疫球蛋白可分配為不同種類或同型。存在5類免疫球蛋白:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG及IgM,分別具有指定為α、δ、γ、ε及μ之重鏈。γ及α類基於CH
序列及功能之相對較小之差異進一步分為亞類,例如人類表現下列亞類:IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1及IgA2。
術語"可變"係指抗體間,可變域之某些片段在序列方面廣泛不同。V域介導抗原結合且界定特定抗體對其特定抗原之特異性。然而,可變性並非遍佈可變域之110個胺基酸之跨度均勻分佈。實情為,V區由具有15-30個胺基酸之稱為構架區(FR)之相對不變之伸展組成,其由各長度為9-12個胺基酸之具有極端可變性之稱為"高變區"的更短區分開。原生重及輕鏈之可變域各包含四個FR,基本上採用由形成環連接之三個高變區連接之β-折疊(beta-sheet)構型,且在一些情況下,形成β-折疊結構之部分。各鏈之高變區由FR緊密靠近地結合在一起,且與來自其他鏈之高變區一起促使抗體抗原結合部位之形成。(參見,Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,
第5版.Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD.(1991))。雖然恆定域並不直接涉及使抗體與抗原結合,但展示各種效應功能,諸如抗體在抗體依賴性細胞的細胞毒性(ADCC)方面的參與。
術語"高變區"當本文使用時係指造成抗原結合之抗體胺基酸殘基。高變區通常包含來自"互補判定區"或"CDR"之胺基酸殘基(例如,在VL
中,約24-34(L1)、50-56(L2)及89-97(L3)且在VH
中,約31-35B(H1)、50-65(H2)及95-102(H3)(在一實施例中,H1為約31-35);Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest
,第5版.Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD.(1991))及/或彼等來自"高變環"之殘基(例如,在VL
中,殘基26-32(L1)、50-52(L2)及91-96(L3),且在VH
中,26-32(H1)、53-55(H2)及96-101(H3);Chothia及LeskJ.Mol.Biol.
196:901-917(1987))。
如本文所使用,術語"單株抗體"係指獲自大體上同源之抗體之群組的抗體,亦即,包含除可能天然出現之可少量存在之突變外一致性之群組的個別抗體。單株抗體具有高度特定性,針對單個抗原位點。此外,與包括針對不同決定子(抗原決定基)之不同抗體之多株抗體製劑形成對比,各單株抗體係針對抗原上之單個決定子。除其特異性之外,單株抗體之優點在於其可不受其他抗體污染而合成。修飾語"單株"不應理解為需要由任何特定方法產生抗體。舉例而言,適用於本發明之單株抗體可由首先由Kohler等人,Nature,
256:495(1975)描述之融合瘤方法學製備,或可在細菌、真核動物或植物細胞中使用重組DNA方法製造(參見,例如美國專利第4,816,567號)。舉例而言,"單株抗體"亦可使用描述於Clackson等人,Nature,
352:624-628(1991),Marks等人,J.Mol.Biol.,
222:581-597(1991)中之技術及如下實例自噬菌體抗體庫分離。
單株抗體在本文中包括"嵌合"抗體,其中重及/或輕鏈之部分與源自特定物種或屬於特定抗體種類或亞類之抗體之相應序列具有一致性或同源性,同時該(該等)鏈之其餘部分與源自另一物種或屬於另一抗體種類或亞類之抗體以及該等抗體之片段之相應序列具有一致性或同源性,只要其展示本發明之生物活性(參見,美國專利第4,816,567號及Morrison等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,
81:6851-6855(1984))。本文所關注之嵌合抗體包括包含源自非人類之靈長類(例如,舊大陸猴(Old World Monkey),猿等)之可變域抗原結合序列及人類恆定區序列的"靈長源"抗體。
"完整"抗體為包含抗原結合部位以及CL
及至少重鏈恆定域(CH
1、CH
2及CH
3)之抗體。恆定域可為原生序列恆定域(例如,人類原生序列恆定域)或其胺基酸序列變異體。完整抗體較佳具有一或多種效應功能。
"抗體片段"包含完整抗體之部分,較佳為完整抗體之抗原結合或可變區。抗體片段之實例包括Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2
及Fv片段;雙功能抗體;線性抗體(參見,美國專利第5,641,870號,實例2;Zapata等人,Protein Eng.
8(10):1057-1062[1995]);單鏈抗體分子;及由抗體片段形成之多特異性抗體。
表達"線性抗體"泛指Zapata等人,Protein Eng.,8(10):1057-1062(1995)中描述之抗體。簡言之,該等抗體包含一對串聯Fd片段(VH-CH1-VH-CH1),該片段連同互補輕鏈多肽一起形成一對抗原結合區。線性抗體可具有雙特異性或單特異性。
抗體之木瓜酵素消化產生兩個稱為"Fab"片段之一致性抗原結合片段及一為反映容易結晶之能力之指示的殘餘物"Fc"片段。Fab片段係由整個L鏈以及H鏈之可變區域(VH
)及一個重鏈之第一恆定域(CH
1)組成。各Fab片段相對於抗原結合為單價的,亦即,其具有單個抗原結合部位。抗體之胃蛋白酶處理產生單個大F(ab')2
片段,該片段大致對應於兩個具有二價抗原結合活性之二硫化物連接之Fab片段且仍能夠交聯抗原。Fab'片段因在包括一或多個來自抗體鉸鏈區之半胱胺酸之CH
1域的羧基末端具有其他極少之殘基而與Fab片段不同。Fab'-SH在本文中為Fab'之指示,其中恆定域之半胱胺酸殘基帶有游離硫醇基。F(ab')2
抗體片段最初呈Fab'片段對產生,其在該Fab'片段對之間具有鉸鏈半胱胺酸。亦已知抗體片段之其他化學偶合。
Fc片段包含由二硫化物結合在一起之兩個H鏈之羧基末端部分。抗體之效應功能係由Fc區之序列測定,該區亦為由可見於某些類型之細胞之Fc受體(FcR)識別的部分。
"Fv"為含有完全抗原識別且結合之位點之最小抗體片段。該片段係由一個重鏈可變區域及一個輕鏈可變區域之緊密非共價締合之二聚物組成。自該等兩個域之折疊產生六個提供用於抗原結合之胺基酸殘基且給予對抗體之抗原結合特異性的高變環(H鏈及L鏈各3個)。然而,甚至單個可變域(或包含僅三個對抗原具有特異性之CDR之Fv之一半)亦具有識別且結合(儘管以比整個結合位點低之親和力)抗原之能力。
亦縮寫為"sFv"或"scFv"之"單鏈Fv"為包含連接於單個多肽鏈之VH
及VL
抗體域之抗體片段。sFv多肽較佳進一步包含VH
與VL
域之間的多肽連接子,該連接子使得sFv能夠形式想要的抗原結合結構。欲知sFv之概述,參見,Pluckthun於The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies
,第113卷,Rosenburg及Moore編,Springer-Verlag,New York,第269-315頁(1994);Borrebaeck 1995,infra中。
術語"雙功能抗體"係指藉由用VH
與VL
域之間的短連接子(約5-10個殘基)構造sFv片段(參見,前面段落)以致達成V域之相互鏈而非內鏈配對從而產生二價片段而製備的小抗體片段,亦即,具有兩個抗原結合部位之片段。雙特異性雙功能抗體為兩個"交叉"sFv片段之異源二聚體,其中兩個抗體之VH
與VL
域出現在不同多肽鏈上。雙功能抗體更徹底地描述於(例如)EP 404,097;WO 93/11161;及Hollinger等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,90:6444-6448(1993)。
非人類(例如,齧齒動物)抗體之"人化"形式為含有源自非人類抗體之最小序列之嵌合抗體。很大程度上,人化抗體為人免疫球蛋白(受體抗體),其中來自受體高變區之殘基係經來自諸如小鼠、大鼠、兔或非人類靈長類之非人類物種(供體抗體)高變區之具有想要的抗體特異性、親和力及性能的殘基替換。在一些情況下,人免疫球蛋白之構架區(FR)殘基係由相應的非人類殘基替換。此外,人化抗體可包含受體抗體或供體抗體中未見之殘基。進行該等修飾以進一步改進抗體效能。通常,人化抗體應包含大體上所有至少一個及通常兩個可變域,其中所有或大體上所有高變環對應於非人免疫球蛋白之彼等高變區且所有或大體上所有FR為人免疫球蛋白序列之彼等FR。人化抗體視情況亦應包含免疫球蛋白恆定區(Fc),通常人免疫球蛋白之Fc之至少一部分。欲知詳情,參見Jones等人,Nature
321:522-525(1986);Riechmann等人,Nature
332:323-329(1988);及Presta,Curr.Op.Struct.Biol.
2:593-596(1992)。
"物種依賴性抗體"為對來自第一哺乳動物物種之抗原具有比對具有來自第二哺乳動物物種之抗原之同源物更強之結合親和力的抗體。通常,雖然物種依賴性抗體與人類抗原"特異性結合"(亦即,具有至多約1×10-7
M,較佳至多約1×10-8
M及最佳至多約1×10-9
M之結合親和力(Kd)值),但對具有來自第二非人類哺乳動物物種之同源物具有比對人類抗原之結合親和力弱至少約50倍,或至少約500倍或至少約1000倍的結合親和力。物種依賴性抗體可具有如以上所定義之各種類型之抗體之任一種,但較佳為人化抗體或人類抗體。
在該等實施例中,如螢光活化細胞分類(FACS)分析或放射免疫沉澱(RIA)所測定,多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物與"非靶"蛋白質之結合程度將小於約多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物與其特定靶蛋白質之結合之約10%。關於多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物與靶分子之結合,術語"特異性結合"特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基或與特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基"特異性結合"或對特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基"具有特異性"意謂與非特異性相互作用顯著不同之結合。特異性結合可(例如)藉由測定分子之結合與對照分子之結合相比來量測,該對照分子通常為具有類似結構不具有結合活性之分子。舉例而言,特異性結合可藉由與類似於靶之對照分子(例如,過量的未經標記之靶)競爭測定。在此情況下,若標記靶與探針之結合受過量未標記靶競爭性抑制,則表明特異性結合。如本文所使用,術語"特異性結合"特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基或與特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基"特異性結合"或對特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基"具有特異性"可(例如)由對靶具有至少約10-4
M,或者至少約10-5
M,或者至少約10-6
M,或者至少約10-7
M,或者至少約10-8
M,或者至少約10-9
M,或者至少約10-10
M,或者至少約10-11
M,或者至少約10-12
M或更高之Kd之分子展示。在一實施例中,術語"特異性結合"係指分子與特定多肽上之特定多肽或抗原決定基結合而大體上不與任何其他多肽或多肽抗原決定基結合的結合。
本發明之抗體可源自噬菌體呈現。如本文所使用,"庫"係指複數個抗體或抗體片段序列或編碼該等序列之核酸,根據本發明之方法,該等序列在引入至該等序列中之不同胺基酸之組合方面不同。
"噬菌體呈現"為不同多肽呈現為與噬菌體(例如絲狀噬菌體)粒子表面上之鞘蛋白之至少部分之融合蛋白質的技術。噬菌體呈現之實用性在於可將隨機化蛋白質變體之大庫就彼等以高親和力與靶抗原結合之序列快速且有效地分類。肽及蛋白質庫於噬菌體上之呈現已用於篩選數百萬多肽以獲得具有特異性結合性質之多肽。多價噬菌體呈現方法已用於經由與絲狀噬菌體之基因III或基因VIII融合呈現小的隨機肽及小的蛋白質。Wells及Lowman,Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.,
3:355-362(1992)及其所引用之參考文獻。在單價噬菌體呈現中,蛋白質或肽庫係與基因III或其部分融合且在野生型基因III蛋白質存在下以低含量表現以致噬菌體粒子呈現融合蛋白之一個複本或不呈現融合蛋白。相對於多價噬菌體,親和力效應降低以致分類基於固有的配位體親和力且使用使DNA操作簡單化之噬粒載體。Lowman及Wells,Methods:A companion to Methods in Enzymology,
3:205-0216(1991)。
"噬粒"為具有複製細菌源(例如,Co1E1)及噬菌體之基因間隔區之複本的質體載體。噬粒可用於任何已知噬菌體上,該等噬菌體包括絲狀噬菌體及人字形噬菌體。質體通常亦會含有耐抗生素之可選標記。選殖於該等載體中之DNA片段可增殖為質體。當為該等載體提供場所之細胞具有所有產生噬菌體粒子所需之基因時,質體之複製模式改為滾環複製以產生質體DNA之一條股之複本且封裝噬菌體粒子。噬粒可形成感染性噬菌體粒子或非感染性噬菌體粒子。該術語包括含有噬菌體鞘蛋白基因或其片段之噬粒,該基因或其片段係與異源多肽基因呈基因融合連接以致異源多肽呈現於噬菌體粒子之表面上。
術語"噬菌體載體"意謂含有異源基因且能夠複製之噬菌體之雙股複製形式。噬菌體載體具有允許噬菌體複製及噬菌體粒子形成之複製噬菌體源。噬菌體較佳為絲狀噬菌體,諸如M13、f1、fd、Pf3噬菌體或其衍生物或人字形噬菌體,諸如λ、21、phi80、phi81、82、424、434等或其衍生物。
諸如肽體、免疫黏著素、抗體及短肽之多肽之共價修飾係包括於本發明之範疇內。共價修飾之一種類型包括使多肽之靶胺基酸殘基與能夠與多肽之選擇側鏈或N或C末端殘基反應之有機衍生藥劑反應。用雙官能劑衍生適用於(例如)使多肽與用於純化抗體之方法中之水不溶性支撐基質或表面交聯,且反之亦然。通常使用之交聯劑包括(例
如)1,1-雙(重氮乙醯基)-2-苯乙烷、戊二醛、例如與4-疊氮基柳酸之酯之N-羥基丁二醯亞胺酯、包括諸如3,3'-二硫基雙(丁二醯亞胺基丙酸酯)之二丁二醯亞胺基酯的同質雙官能醯亞胺基酯、諸如雙-N-順丁烯二醯亞胺基-1,8-辛烷之雙官能順丁烯二醯亞胺及諸如甲基-3-[(對疊氮基苯基)二硫基]丙醯亞胺酯。
其他修飾包括麩醯胺醯基及天冬醯胺醯基殘基分別脫醯胺為相應麩胺醯基及天冬胺醯基、脯胺酸及離胺酸之羥化、絲胺醯基或蘇胺醯基殘基之羥基之磷酸化、離胺酸、精胺酸及組胺酸側鏈之α胺基之甲基化[T.E.Creighton,Proteins:Structure and Molecular Properties,
W.H.Freeman & Co.,San Francisco,第79-86頁(1983)]、N末端胺之乙醯化及任何C末端羧基之醯胺化。
其他修飾包括毒素與諸如美登素及美登素類、刺孢黴素及其他細胞毒素藥劑之拮抗劑拼合。
另一類型之多肽之共價修飾包含使多肽與多種非蛋白質聚合物之一種,例如聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇或聚氧化烯,以美國專利第4,640,835號、第4,496,689號、第4,301,144號、第4,670,417號、第4,791,192號或第4,179,337號陳述之方式連接。
本發明之多肽亦可經修改,只要有利於以某種方式形成包含與另一異源多肽或胺基酸序列融合之多肽之嵌合分子(例如,免疫黏著素或肽體)。
在一實施例中,該嵌合分子包含多肽與蛋白質轉導域之融合,該蛋白質轉導域靶向使用(例如)人類免疫缺乏症病毒TAT蛋白之蛋白質轉導域傳送至各種組織且更尤其穿過腦血液障壁之多肽(Schwarze等人,1999,Science 285:1569-72)。
在另一實施例中,該嵌合分子包含多肽與標記多肽之融合,該標記多肽提供可與抗標記抗體選擇性結合之抗原決定基。抗原決定基標記通常位於多肽之胺基或羧基末端。多肽之該等抗原決定基標記形式之百分率可使用相對標記多肽之抗體偵測。又,提供抗原決定基標記使得多肽能夠使用抗標記抗體或與抗原決定基標記結合之另一類型之親和力基質由親和力純化容易地純化。此項技術中已知各種標記多肽及其各自的抗體。實例包括聚組胺酸(poly-His)或聚組胺酸-甘胺酸(poly-His-gly)標記;flu H A標記多肽及其抗體12CA5[Field等人,Mol.Cell.Biol.
,8
:2159-2165(1988)];此外包括c-myc標記及8F9、3C7、6E10、G4、B7及9E10抗體[Evan等人,Molecular and Cellular Biology,5
:3610-3616(1985)];及疱疹單純型病毒(Herpes Simplex virus)糖蛋白D(gD)標記及其抗體[Paborsky等人,Protein Engineering
,3
(6):547-553(1990)]。其他標記多肽包括Flag-肽(Flag-peptide)[Hopp等人,BioTechnology
,6
:1204-1210(1988)];KT3抗原決定基肽[Martin等人,Science
,255
:192-194(1992)];α-微管蛋白抗原決定基肽[Skinner等人,J.Biol.Chem.,266
:15163-15166(1991)〕;及T7基因10蛋白質肽標記[Lutz-Freyermuth等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA
,87
:6393-6397(1990)]。
在一替代實施例中,嵌合分子可包含多肽與免疫球蛋白或免疫球蛋白之特定區之融合。就嵌合分子之二價形式(例如,"免疫黏著素")而言,該融合可為與IgG分子之Fc區融合。本發明之Ig融合包括包含替換Ig分子內至少一個可變區之大約或僅人類之殘基94-243、殘基33-53或殘基33-52的多肽。在一尤佳實施例中,免疫球蛋白融合包括鉸鏈、CH2及CH3,或IgG1分子之鉸鏈區、CH1區、CH2區及CH3區。欲知免疫球蛋白融合之產生亦參見1995年6月27日頒佈之美國專利第5,428,130號。
本發明提供抑制或阻止復發腫瘤生長或復發癌細胞生長之方法及組合物。在各個實施例中,癌症為復發腫瘤生長或復發癌細胞生長,其中癌細胞數目並未顯著減少或已增加,或腫瘤大小並未顯著減小或已增加,或任何大小或癌細胞數目之進一步降低均失敗。癌細胞為復發腫瘤生長或復發癌細胞生長之測定可在活體內或在活體外由任何此項技術已知之用於檢定癌細胞之處理之有效性的方法進行。耐抗VEGF處理之腫瘤為復發腫瘤生長之實例。
如本文所揭示,多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之"有效量"為足以執行特定陳述之目的之量。"有效量"可憑經驗及由與所陳述之目的有關之已知方法確定。
術語"治療有效量"係指本發明之抗體、多肽或拮抗劑有效"治療"哺乳動物(亦稱為患者)之疾病或病症之量。在癌症之情況下,藥物之治療有效量可減少癌細胞數目;減小腫瘤大小或重量;抑制(亦即,降低至某種程度且較佳停止)癌細胞浸潤於周邊器官中;抑制(亦即,降低至某種程度且較佳停止)腫瘤轉移;在某種程度上抑制腫瘤生長;及/或在某種程度上減輕一或多個癌症相關聯之症狀。在某種程度上,藥物可阻止生長及/或殺死所存在之癌細胞,其可抑制細胞生長及/或為細胞毒素。在一實施例中,治療有效量為生長抑制量。在另一實施例中,治療有效量為延伸患者之存活之量。在另一實施例中,治療有效量為改善患者之無進展存活之量。
在傷口癒合之情況下,術語"有效量"或"治療有效量"係指藥物有效加速或改進個體之傷口癒合之量。治療劑量為展示對患者之治療效應之劑量且亞治療劑量為不展示對所治療之患者之治療效應之劑量。
"慢性傷口"係指未治癒之傷口。參見,例如Lazarus等人,Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing,Arch.Dermatol.130:489-93(1994)。慢性傷口包括(但不限於)(例如)動脈性潰瘍、糖尿病性潰瘍、褥瘡、靜脈性潰瘍等。急性傷口可發展為慢性傷口。急性傷口包括(但不限於)由以下各者引起之傷口:例如熱損傷、外傷、手術、廣泛性皮膚癌切除、深度真菌及細菌傳染、血管炎、硬皮病、天疱瘡、中毒性表皮壞死溶解等。參見,例如Buford,Wound Healing and Pressure Sores,HealingWell.com,公開於2001年10月24日。"正常傷口"係指經歷正常傷口癒合修復之傷口。
本發明之多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之"生長抑制量"為能夠在活體外或活體內抑制細胞,尤其腫瘤(例如癌細胞)生長之量。出於抑制贅生性細胞生長之目的,本發明之多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之"生長抑制量"可憑經驗及由已知方法或由本文所提供之實例確定。
本發明之多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之"細胞毒素量"為能夠在活體外或活體內使細胞,尤其腫瘤(例如癌細胞)破壞之量。出於抑制贅生性細胞生長之目的,本發明之多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之"細胞毒素量"可憑經驗及由此項技術已知之方法確定。
"自體免疫疾病"在本文中為由個體自身之組織產生或針對個體自身之組織之疾病或病症或其輔隔離症狀或表現症狀或由此所得之病狀。自體免疫疾病或病症之實例包括(但不限於)關節炎(類風濕性關節炎,諸如急性關節炎、慢性類風濕性關節炎、痛風性關節炎、急性痛風性關節炎、慢性發炎性關節炎、退化性關節炎、感染性關節炎、萊姆關節炎(Lyme arthritis)、增生性關節炎、牛皮癬關節炎、脊椎關節炎及青少年發作類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、慢性漸進性關節炎、畸形性關節炎、漸進性原發性多發性關節炎、反應性關節炎及強直性脊椎炎)、發炎性過度增生性皮膚疾病,諸如斑狀牛皮癬、點狀牛皮癬、膿皰性牛皮癬及指甲牛皮癬之牛皮癬、包括接觸性皮炎、慢性接觸性皮炎、過敏性皮炎、過敏性接觸性皮炎、疱疹樣皮炎及異位性皮膚炎之皮炎、x關聯過度IgM症候群、諸如包括慢性自體免疫蕁麻疹之慢性特發性蕁麻疹之蕁麻疹、青少年皮肌炎、中毒性表皮壞死溶解、硬皮病(包括系統性硬皮病)、硬化症,諸如系統性硬化症、諸如視神經脊髓炎(spino-optical MS)、原發性進行性MS及復發緩解型MS之多發性硬化症(MS)、進行性系統性硬化症、動脈粥樣硬化症、動脈硬化症、散佈性硬化症及共濟失調硬化症、發炎性腸疾病(IBD)(例如,克羅恩氏病,諸如潰瘍性結腸炎、潰瘍性結腸炎、微觀結腸炎、膠原性結腸炎,息肉狀結腸炎、壞死性小腸結腸炎及透壁性結腸炎之結腸炎,及自體免疫發炎性腸疾病)、壞疽性膿皮病、結節性紅斑、原發性硬化性膽管炎、上鞏膜炎、包括成人或急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)之呼吸窘迫症候群、腦膜炎、全部或部分葡萄膜發炎、虹膜炎、脈絡膜炎、自體免疫血液病、類風濕性脊椎炎、突發性耳聾、IgE介導之疾病、諸如過敏症及過敏性鼻炎及特應性鼻炎、腦炎,諸如羅斯苗遜氏腦炎(Rasmussen's encephalitis)及大腦邊緣腦炎及/或腦幹腦炎、葡萄膜炎,諸如前葡萄膜炎、急性前葡萄膜炎、肉芽腫性葡萄膜炎、非肉芽腫性葡萄膜炎、晶狀體抗原性葡萄膜炎(phacoantigenic uveitis)、後葡萄膜炎或自體免疫葡萄膜炎、諸如慢性或急性絲球體腎炎之伴隨或不伴隨腎病症候群之絲球體腎炎(GN),諸如原發性GN、免疫介導之GN、膜性GN(膜性腎病)、特發性膜性GN、膜性增生性GN(MPGN)(包括I型及II型)及快速進行性GN、過敏性病狀,過敏反應,包括過敏性濕疹或特應性濕疹之濕疹、諸如支氣管哮喘(asthma bronchiale)、支氣管哮喘(bronchial asthma)及自體免疫哮喘之哮喘、涉及T細胞浸潤及慢性發炎性反應之病狀、慢性肺發炎性疾病、自體免疫心肌炎、白血球黏著性缺乏、系統性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)(systemic lupus erythematosus或systemic lupus erythematodes),諸如皮膚SLE、亞急性皮膚紅斑狼瘡、新生兒狼瘡症候群(NLE)、播散性紅斑狼瘡、狼瘡(包括腎炎、大腦炎、兒科、非腎、盤狀、禿發)、包括兒科胰島素依賴性糖尿病(IDDM)之青少年發作(I型)糖尿病、成年發作糖尿病(II型糖尿病)、自體免疫糖尿病、特發性尿崩症、由細胞激素及T-淋巴細胞介導之急性及延遲性過敏相關聯之免疫反應、肺結核、肉狀瘤病、包括淋巴瘤樣肉芽腫病、韋格納氏肉芽腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis)之肉芽腫病、顆粒性球缺乏症、系統性血管炎,包括血管炎(包括大血管血管炎(包括風濕性多肌痛及巨細胞(高安氏(Takayasu))動脈炎)、中血管血管炎(包括川崎氏疾病(Kawasaki's disease)及多發性結節性動脈炎)、微觀多動脈炎、CNS血管炎、壞死性血管炎、皮膚血管炎或過敏性血管炎、系統性壞死性脈管炎及諸如徹奇-斯全司氏血管炎或症候群(CSS)(Churg-Strauss vasculitis或syndrome)之ANCA相關聯之血管炎)、顳動脈炎、再生障礙性貧血、自體免疫再生障礙性貧血、庫姆陽性貧血(Coombs positive anemia)、先天性純紅血球再生障礙性貧血(Diamond Blackfan anemia)、包括自身免疫性溶血性貧血(AIHA)之溶血性貧血或免疫性溶血性貧血、惡性貧血(pernicious anemia)(惡性貧血(anemia perniciosa))、阿狄森氏病(Addison's disease),純紅細胞貧血或發育不全(PRCA)、因子VIII缺乏症、A型血友病、自體免疫嗜中性球減少症、全部血球減少症、白血球減少症、涉及白血球血細胞滲出之疾病、CNS發炎性病症、諸如敗血病、外傷或出血繼發性症候群之多發性器官損傷症候群、抗原抗體複合物介導之疾病、抗絲球體基底膜疾病、抗磷脂抗體症候群、過敏性神經炎、白塞氏病(Bechet's或Behcet's disease)、Castleman氏症候群、Goodpasture氏症候群、瑞諾氏症候群(Reynaud's syndrome)、乾燥症候群、史蒂芬-瓊森症候群(Stevens-Johnson syndrome)、諸如大皰性類天疱瘡及皮膚類天疱瘡之類天疱瘡、天疱瘡(包括尋常天疱瘡、落葉狀天疱瘡、黏膜類天疱瘡天疱瘡及紅斑性天疱瘡)、自體免疫多內分泌病變、萊特爾氏病或症候群(Reiter's disease or syndrome)、免疫複合物性腎炎、抗體介導之腎炎、諸如IgM多發性神經病或IgM介導之神經病之慢性神經病、血小板減少症(例如,心肌梗塞患者所發展),包括血栓性血小板減少性紫癜(TTP)及諸如包括慢性或急性ITP之特發性血小板減少性紫癜(ITP)之自體免疫或免疫介導之血小板減少症、睾丸及卵巢之自體免疫疾病,包括自體免疫睾丸炎及卵巢炎、原發性甲狀腺功能低下、副甲狀腺低能症、自體免疫內分泌疾病,包括諸如自體免疫甲狀腺炎之甲狀腺炎、橋本甲狀腺炎(Hashimoto's disease)、慢性甲狀腺炎(橋本甲狀腺炎)或亞急性甲狀腺炎、自身免疫甲狀腺疾病、特發性甲狀腺功能低下、葛瑞夫茲氏病(Grave's disease)、多腺體症候群,諸如自體免疫多腺體症候群(多腺體內分泌病症候群)、腫瘤伴生症候群,包括諸如蘭伯特-伊頓肌無力症候群(Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome)或伊頓-蘭伯特症候群(Eaton-Lambert syndrome)之神經病學腫瘤伴生症候、僵人症候群(stiff-man或stiff-person syndrome)、諸如變態反應性腦脊髓炎或過敏性腦脊髓炎及實驗性變應性腦脊髓炎(EAE)之腦脊髓炎、重症肌無力、小腦退化、神經性肌強直、斜視眼陣攣或斜視眼陣攣肌陣攣症候群(OMS)及感官神經病、席漢氏症候群(Sheehan's syndrome)、自體免疫肝炎、慢性肝炎、狼瘡樣肝炎、巨細胞性肝炎、慢性活動性肝炎或自體免疫慢性活動性肝炎、淋巴樣間質肺炎、對NSIP之閉塞性細支氣管炎(非移植)、吉-巴氏症候群(Guillain-Barrsyndrome)、孛勾氏病(Berger's disease)(IgA腎病)、特發性IgA腎病、線性IgA皮膚病、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、肺變硬(pneumonocirrhosis)、自體免疫腸病症候群、乳糜瀉(Celiac disease)、腹腔疾病(Coeliac disease)、口炎性腹瀉(celiac sprue)(麩質腸病)、難治癒口炎性腹瀉、特發性口炎性腹瀉、冷球蛋白血症、澱粉樣沉著側索硬化症(ALS,葛雷克氏病(Lou Gehrig's disease))、冠狀動脈病、自體免疫內耳疾病(AIED)或自體免疫聽力損失、斜視眼陣攣肌陣攣症候群(OMS)、多軟骨炎,諸如難治癒或復發多軟骨炎、肺泡蛋白沉著症、澱粉樣變性病、鞏膜炎、非癌症性淋巴細胞增多、原發性淋巴細胞增多,包括單株B細胞淋巴細胞增多(例如,良性單株丙球蛋白病及非確定意義的單株丙球蛋白病(MGUS))、周邊神經病、腫瘤伴生症候群、離子通道病,諸如癲癇症、偏頭痛、心律不整、肌肉病、耳聾、失明、週期性麻痺及CNS之離子通道病、自閉症、發炎性肌病、局部區段性腎絲球硬化症(FSGS)、內分泌眼病變、葡萄膜視網膜炎、脈絡膜視網膜炎、自體免疫肝臟病、肌肉纖維疼痛、多發性內分泌衰竭(multiple endocrine failure)、史密德氏症候群(Schmidt's syndrome)、腎上腺炎、胃萎縮、阿爾茨海默氏病(presenile dementia)、髓鞘脫失性疾病諸如自體免疫髓鞘脫失性疾病、糖尿病性腎病、隹斯樂氏(Dressler's)症候群、斑禿、CREST症候群(鈣質沉著病、雷諾氏現象(Raynaud's phenomenon)、食道功能障礙、指端硬化及毛細血管擴張)、男性及女性自體免疫不孕症、混合結締組織病、查加斯氏病(Chagas'disease)、風濕熱、習慣性流產、農民肺(farmer's lung)、多形性紅斑、心臟切開症候群、庫欣症候群(Cushing's syndrome)、養鳥迷肺(bird-fancier's lung)、變應性肉芽腫性脈管炎、良性淋巴細胞脈管炎、阿波特氏(Alport's)症候群、諸如過敏性肺泡炎及纖維性肺泡炎之肺泡炎、間質性肺疾病、輸血反應、麻瘋病、瘧疾、利什曼病(leishmaniasis)、錐蟲病、血吸蟲病、蛔蟲病、麯黴病、山普特氏(Sampter's)症候群、卡普藍氏(Caplan's)症候群、登革熱(dengue)、心內膜炎、心內膜心肌纖維化、彌漫性間質性肺纖維化、間質性肺纖維化、特發性肺纖維化、囊腫性纖維化、內眼炎、持久性隆起性紅斑(erythema elevatum et diutinum)、胎兒紅血球母細胞增多症、嗜伊紅血球筋膜炎(eosinophilic faciitis)、舒耳曼氏(Shulman's)症候群、費爾蒂症候群(Felty's syndrome)、絲蟲病(flariasis)、諸如慢性睫狀體炎、異時睫狀體炎、虹膜睫狀體炎或富赫氏(Fuch's)睫狀體炎之睫狀體炎、亨-舍氏紫癜(Henoch-Schonlein purpura)、人類免疫缺乏病毒(HIV)感染、埃可病毒感染(echovirus infection)、心肌症、阿茲海默症、細小病毒感染、風疹病毒感染、疫苗接種後症候群、先天性風疹感染、E-B病毒感染(Epstein-Barr virus infection)、腮腺炎、伊文症候群(Evan's syndrome)、自體免疫性腺衰竭、西登哈姆氏舞蹈病(Sydenham's chorea)、鏈球菌感染後的腎炎、血栓閉塞性脈管炎、甲狀腺毒症、脊髓癆、脈絡膜炎、巨細胞多肌痛、內分泌眼病變、慢性過敏性肺炎、乾燥性角膜結膜炎、流行性角膜結膜炎、特發性腎炎症候群、最小變化腎病、良性家族性及局部缺血再灌注損傷、視網膜自體免疫、關節發炎、支氣管炎、慢性阻塞性氣道疾病、矽肺症、口瘡、口瘡性口炎、動脈硬化症、不形成精子症(aspermiogenese)、自體免疫溶血、伯克氏病(Boeck's disease)、冷球蛋白血症、掌腱膜攣縮症(Dupuytren's contracture)、晶狀體過敏性眼內炎(endophthalmia phacoanaphylactica)、過敏性腸炎、麻風性結節性紅斑、特發性面神經麻痹、慢性疲勞症候群、風濕性發熱、哈麗二氏病(Hamman-Rich's disease)、感覺神經聽力損失(sensoneural hearing loss)、陣發性血紅素尿、性腺低能症、區域性迴腸炎、白血球減少症、感染性單核細胞增多症、橫貫性脊髓炎、原發性特發性黏液水腫、腎變病、交感性眼炎、內芽腫性睾丸炎、胰腺炎、急性多發性神經根炎、壞疽性膿皮病、奎汶氏甲狀腺炎(Quervain's thyreoiditis)、後天脾臟萎縮、歸因於抗精子抗體之不育症、非惡性胸腺瘤、白斑病、SCID及E-B病毒相關聯疾病、後天免疫缺乏症候群(AIDS)、寄生蟲疾病如利什曼蟲病(Leishmania)、中毒性休克症候群、食物中毒、涉及T細胞浸潤之病狀、白血球黏著性缺乏症、細胞激素(cytokines)及T-淋巴細胞介導之急性及延遲性過敏相關聯之免疫反應、涉及白血球血細胞滲出之疾病、多發性器官損傷症候群、抗原-抗體複合物介導之疾病、抗絲球體基底膜病、過敏性神經炎、自體免疫多內分泌病變、卵巢炎、原發性黏液水腫、自體免疫萎縮性胃炎、交感性眼炎、風濕病、混合結締組織病、腎病症候群、胰島炎、多內分泌腺衰竭、周邊神經病、I型自體免疫多腺體症候群、成人發作特發性副甲狀腺低能症(AOIH)、全禿、擴張型心肌症、後天性大疱性表皮鬆解症(EBA)、血色素沈著症、心肌炎、腎病症候群、原發性硬化性膽管炎、化膿性或非化膿性竇炎、急性或慢性竇炎、篩骨竇炎、前頭竇炎、上頜竇炎或蝶竇炎、嗜伊紅血球相關病症,諸如嗜伊紅血球增多、肺浸潤嗜伊紅血球增多、嗜伊紅血球增多-肌痛症候群、呂弗勒氏症候群(Loffler's syndrome)、慢性嗜伊紅血球肺炎、熱帶嗜伊紅血球增多、含嗜伊紅血球支氣管肺炎麴菌病、麯黴腫或肉芽瘤、過敏症、血清陰性脊椎關節病、多內分泌腺自體免疫疾病、硬化性膽管炎、鞏膜、鞏膜外層、慢性黏膜與皮膚性念珠菌病、布魯頓氏症候群(Bruton's syndrome)、嬰兒暫時性低丙種球蛋白血症、Wiskott-Aldrich氏症候群、共濟失調毛細血管擴張、膠原病相關聯之自體免疫病症、風濕病、神經病、局部缺血性再灌注病症、血壓反應降低、血管功能障礙、抗擴張(antgiectasis)、組織損傷、心血管局部缺血、痛覺過敏、大腦局部缺血及伴隨血管化之疾病、過敏性病症、絲球體腎炎、再灌注損傷、心肌或其他組織再灌注損傷、具有急性發炎性部分之皮膚病、急性化膿性腦膜炎或其他中樞神經系統發炎性病症、粒細胞轉輸相關聯之症候群、細胞激素誘導之毒性、急性嚴重發炎、慢性難醫治發炎、腎盂炎、肺變硬、糖尿病性視網膜病、糖尿病性大動脈病症、動脈內增生、消化性潰瘍、瓣炎及子宮內膜異位。
癌症治療可由例如(但不限於)腫瘤退化、腫瘤重量或大小縮減、進展時間、存活持續時間、無進展存活、總體反應速率、反應持續時間、生活品質、蛋白質表達及/或活性評估。因為本文所述之抗血管生成藥劑靶向腫瘤維管結構且不必自身靶向贅生性細胞,所以其代表獨特種類之抗癌藥,且因此可需要對藥物之臨床反應之獨特量度及定義。舉例而言,在2維分析中,50%以上之腫瘤縮減為斷言反應之標準分離點。然而,本發明之α5β1拮抗劑及VEGF拮抗劑可促成在原發性腫瘤不縮減之情況下抑制轉移性蔓延或可簡單發揮腫瘤靜止效應(tumouristatic effect)。因此,可使用測定治療功效之方法,該等方法包括(例如)量測血管生成之血漿或尿標記及經由放射成像量測反應。
視待治療之病症及熟習此項技術之醫師應熟悉之與給藥有關之因子而定,本發明之抗體將以有效治療病症同時使毒性及副作用最小化之劑量投與。就癌症、自體免疫疾病或免疫缺乏疾病之治療而言,治療有效劑量可(例如)在50毫克/劑量至2.5公克/平方公尺之範圍內。在一實施例中,所投與之劑量為約250 mg/m2
至約400 mg/m2
或500 mg/m2
。在另一實施例中,劑量為約250-375 mg/m2
。在又一實施例中,劑量範圍為275-375 mg/m2
。
年齡相關之黃斑部變性(AMD)之治療可由(但不侷限於)速率之降低或視力進一步損失之阻止評估。就AMD治療而言,活體內功效可(例如)由一或多個以下評定量測:評定最佳矯正視力(BCVA)自基線至預期時間之平均變化;評定與基線相比,預期時間時視力喪失少於15個字母之個體之比例;評定與基線相比,預期時間時視力獲得大於或等於15個字母之個體之比例;評定預期時間時具有20/2000或更差之視力史尼林當量(Snellen equivalent)之個體之比例;評定NEI視覺功能問卷(Visual Functioning Questionnaire);評定預期時間時CNV之大小及CNV之滲漏量,由螢光眼底血管攝影評定等。
術語"偵測"意欲包括測定物質之存在與否或定量物質之量。因此,該術語係指本發明之物質、組合物及方法用於定性及定量測定之使用。通常,用於偵測之特定技術對本發明之實務而言並不關鍵。
舉例而言,根據本發明之"偵測"可包括:觀察α5基因產物、mRNA分子或α5多肽之存在與否;α5多肽之含量或與靶結合之量之變化;α5多肽之生物功能/活性之變化。在一些實施例中,"偵測"可包括偵測野生型α5含量(例如,mRNA或多肽含量)。偵測可包括定量,與對照相比時,任何值10%與90%之間的變化,或任何值30%與60%之間或超過100%的變化。偵測可包括定量任何值包括2倍與10倍之間或更多(例如100倍)的變化。
字組"標記"當本文使用時係指直接或間接與抗體拼合之可偵測之化合物或組合物。標記自身可能可獨立偵測(例如,放射性同位素標記或螢光標記),或在酶標記之情況下,可催化可偵測之受質化合物或組合物之化學變化。
本文提供可結合人類α5β1且競爭性抑制抗α5β1抗體與人類α5β1之結合之新穎抗體。根據一實施例,抗α5β1抗體係由選自由2006年3月7日於ATCC中寄存為α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO.PTA-7421)之融合瘤及寄存為α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO.PTA-7420)之融合瘤組成之群的融合瘤產生。根據另一實施例,抗體係由選自由2006年3月7日於ATCC中寄存為α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO.PTA-7421)之融合瘤及寄存為α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO.PTA-7420)之融合瘤組成之群的融合瘤產生。根據又一實施例,抗體包含由2006年3月7日於ATCC中寄存為α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO.PTA-7421)之融合瘤產生之抗體的可變重(VH)及可變輕(VL)域序列。在另一實施例中,抗體包含由2006年3月7日於ATCC中寄存為α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO.PTA-7420)之融合瘤產生之抗體的可變重(VH)及可變輕(VL)域序列。亦涵蓋所寄存之融合瘤之抗體之人類或嵌合形式。
根據一實施例,該以某一Kd結合人類α5β1之抗體係以介於500 nM與1 pM之間的Kd與α5結合。根據另一實施例中,抗體並不結合αVβ3或αVβ5或αVβ1。根據另一實施例,抗體包含人類IgG,例如人類IgG1或人類IgG4之Fc序列。在另一實施例中,Fc序列已改變或變化以致缺乏通常與其與Fc受體(FcR)結合有關之抗體依賴性細胞的細胞毒性(ADCC)效應功能。存在許多可改變效應功能之Fc序列之變化或突變的實例。舉例而言,WO00/42072(Presta)及Shields等人J.Biol.Chem.
9(2):6591-6604(2001)描述與FcR之結合經改進或減弱之抗體變體。彼等公開案之內容以引用之方式特定地併入本文中。抗體可呈Fab、Fab'、F(ab)'2
、單鏈FV(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體及線性抗體形式。又,抗體不但可為與α5β1結合之多特異性抗體且為α5β1拮抗劑,而且結合一或多個其他靶且抑制其功能(例如,VEGF)。抗體可與治療劑(例如,細胞毒素藥劑、放射性同位素及化學治療劑)或用於藉由成像偵測患者樣品或活體內之α5β1之標記(例如,放射性同位素、螢光染料及酶)拼合。
亦涵蓋編碼抗α5β1抗體之核酸分子,包含編碼一或兩個可變域之核酸分子之表達載體及包含核酸分子之細胞。該等抗體可用於本文所述之治療中且可用於偵測患者樣品(例如,FACS、免疫組織化學(IHC)、ELISA檢定)或患者之α5β1蛋白質。
本發明提供用於抑制患疾病之個體之血管生成及/或血管滲透之新穎的組合,該等組合包含VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑。VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑可以同時或相繼治療週期投與。該等組合治療適用於治療疾病,該等疾病包括彼等具有異常血管生成及/或血管滲透之疾病且將自抗血管生成治療受益。該等疾病包括(但不限於)癌症、眼部疾病及自體免疫疾病。或者,個體可經VEGF拮抗劑治療且隨後投與α5β1拮抗劑,例如,在個體對VEGF拮抗劑治療不反應之前經VEGF拮抗劑治療且隨後使個體經α5β1拮抗劑治療。根據一實施例,當癌症為非侵襲性的時,個體經VEGF拮抗劑治療,且隨後當癌症為侵襲性的時,經α5β1拮抗劑治療。與非疾病患者或對照相比,一些自然經歷α5β1含量升高或對VEGF拮抗劑治療反應之患者可尤其對該組合治療反應。涵蓋進一步包含治療劑(例如,抗贅生性藥劑、化學治療劑、生長抑制劑及細胞毒素藥劑)之組合。舉例而言,將經化學治療(例如,伊立替康)及α5β1拮抗劑治療之患者或已經化學治療及α5β1拮抗劑治療之患者可自VEGF拮抗劑治療受益。或者,已經化學治療及VEGF拮抗劑治療之患者可自α5β1拮抗劑治療受益。在一較佳實施例中,抗VEGF抗體為Avastin抗體。在另一較佳實施例中,抗α5β1抗體為本文所述之抗α5β1抗體。
因此,本文所引用之所有公開案(包括專利及專利申請案)其整體內容係以引用之方式併入,該等公開案特定包括2006年3月21日申請之美國臨時申請案第60/784,704號、2006年3月22日申請之美國臨時申請案第60/785,330號,2006年12月22日申請之美國臨時申請案第60/871,743號。
下列DNA序列係按照美國典型微生物菌種保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection)(ATCC),10801 University Blvd.,Manassas,VA 20110-2209,USA之布達佩斯條約(Budapest Treaty)之條款寄存,描述如下:
據此出於專利程序及法規之目的(布達佩斯條約),本文之寄存係按照微生物寄存國際認定之布達佩斯條約之規定進行。此保證寄存物之有活力培養物自寄存日期起維持30年。按照布達佩斯條約之條款且服從Genentech,Inc.與ATCC之間的協定,寄存物應可由ATCC使用,該協定保證在相關美國專利頒佈之後或任何美國或外國專利申請案公諸於眾之後(無論何者在先),寄存物之培養物之子代對公眾永久且無限制性地可用,且保證待根據35 U.S.C.122及其Commissioner's規則(包括37 C.F.R.1.14,特定提及886 OG 638)授權之由美國專利與商標委員確定之寄存物之子代可用。
本申請案之受讓人已同意若當在合適條件下培養時,寄存之物質之培養物死亡或丟失或破壞,則該等物質應通知用另一同樣的物質即時替換。所寄存之物質之可用性不應理解為違反任何政府當局根據其專利法所授予之權利而實踐本發明之特許。
除非另有說明,否則根據製造商之說明書使用實例中所提及之市售試劑。下列實例及整個說明書中由ATCC寄存編號所鑑別之彼等細胞之源為美國典型微生物菌種保藏中心,Manassas,VA。除非另有說明,否則本發明使用DNA重組技術之標準程序,諸如彼等上文及下列教科書中所述之標準程序:Sambrook等人,上述;Ausubel等人,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
(Green Publishing Associates and Wiley Interscience,N.Y.,1989);Innis等人,PCR Protocols:A Guide to Methods and Applications
(Academic Press,Inc.:N.Y.,1990);Harlow等人,Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual
(Cold Spring Harbor Press:Cold Spring Harbor,1988);Gait,Oligonucleotide Synthesis
(IRL Press:Oxford,1984);Freshney,Animal Cell Culture,
1987;Coligan等人,Current Protocols in Immunology,
1991。
在整個說明書及申請專利範圍中,字組"包含(comprise)"或諸如"包含(comprises)"或"包含(comprising)"之其變體應理解為含包所陳述之整體或整體之群但不排除任何其他整體或整體之群。
認為前述書面描述足以使得熟習此項技術者能夠實踐本發明。下列實例僅出於說明性目的而提供且無論如何不意欲限制本發明之範疇。實際上,除本文所展示或描述之修改外,本發明之各種修改由上述描述應對熟習此項技術者變得顯而易見且屬於附加申請專利範圍之範疇。
將無胸腺小鼠之已經抗VEGF抗體B20-4.1單一治療處理之HT-29人類結腸直腸癌瘤異種移植之區段染色以用於抗α5β1表現。與該研究中經對照抗體(抗豬草抗體)處理之對照組相比,B20-4.1單一治療產生與對應於極少量或無活性之端點(TTE)相符之中位值。58天之持續時間期間,已將腫瘤每週量測兩次。當動物之腫瘤達到1000 mm3之終點體積或達到第58天時(無論何者在先),使其安樂死且計算各小鼠之(TTE)。治療結果已由腫瘤生長延遲百分率(%TGD)確定,該百分率定義為所治療之小鼠對對照小鼠之中位TTE之百分率的增加,其中使用Logrank分析(Logrank analysis)差異在0.01P0.05時認為為顯著的且在P<0.01時認為為高度顯著的。對照組之中位TTE值為20.6天。經B20-4.1單一治療治療產生對應於無活性之20.1天之中位TTE。
圖1展示經抗α5β1抗體染色之腫瘤區段。抗VEGF治療之後,觀察到基質細胞募集增加。該等基質細胞對整合素a5b1為陽性的(淡綠色染色)。
將小鼠用純人類α5β1(Chemicon CC1027)注射。將表現抗α5β1抗體之漿細胞瘤細胞分離且轉化為融合瘤細胞株。將指定為7H5.4.2.8及7H12.5.1.4之兩種融合瘤細胞株寄存於ATCC。參見如上。由7H5.4.2.8融合瘤產生之抗體為mIgG2a抗體(本文亦稱為"7H5抗體")。由7H12.5.1.4融合瘤產生之抗體為mIgG2b抗體(本文亦稱為"7H12抗體")。
將含有生長人類臍靜脈內皮細胞(HUVEC)之組織培養物用PBS洗滌兩次。將細胞用3-4 ml 5 mM EDTA/PBS溶液自培養燒瓶分離。將新鮮培養基添加至細胞中且混合。計數混合物中細胞之一等分試樣。將細胞離心且用洗滌緩衝液(50 mM Tris,150 mM NaCl,pH 7.5)洗滌一次。調整細胞濃度以致細胞可以每孔25微升接種於96孔MSD高結合板,以25,000個細胞/孔或4,000個細胞/孔接種於384孔板(目錄號分別為L11XB-1或L11XB-2,Meso Scale Diagnostics,LLC)。將細胞在室溫下在板上培育1小時以允許捕獲。為阻斷孔,將25 μl儲備緩衝液(30%於TBS(50 mM Tris,150 mM NaCl)中之胎牛血清(FBS)+1 mM CaCl2
/1 mM MgCl2
,pH 7.5)添加至孔中且在室溫下培育30分鐘至1小時。
將抗α5β1抗體用檢定緩衝液(具有1 mM CaCl2
/1 mM MgCl2
之TBS(pH 7.2)+2-4% FBS)連續稀釋以具有多種抗體濃度。將孔用洗滌緩衝液洗滌兩次且隨後吸乾。將25 μl抗體稀釋液添加至孔中且隨後在冰上培育1小時。將孔用TBS洗滌3次。
將25 μl 0.5 μg/ml xmuFc-硫基標記溶液添加至各孔中且在冰上培育45分鐘至1小時。xmuFc-硫基標記為山羊抗鼠類IgG:R23-AC-5,MSD-SA標記:R32-21-AD-5,在冰上培養45分鐘至1小時。將孔用TBS洗滌3次。將150 μl 2×讀出緩衝液添加至各孔(4×MSD讀出緩衝液,用dH2
O稀釋2×,目錄號R92TD-1(無界面活性劑))中。所得電化學發光(ECL)信號係由光電二極體量測且使用MSD讀數器(預設6000協定)定量為相對光單位。圖2展示HUVEC直接結合檢定之結果。7H5抗體之EC50為0.22 nM。7H12抗體之EC50為0.38 nM。
將7H12或7H5抗體與RAJI細胞(不表現α5β1 mRNA之細胞株)或HUVEC細胞(表現高含量之α5β1 mRNA之細胞株)以100 μl一起培育。使用經螢光拼合之二級抗體偵測結合細胞。圖3展示經由FACS分析,7H12及7H5與HUVEC細胞結合且不與RAJI細胞結合。對兔滑膜細胞(HIG-82)或獼猴細胞(CL-160獼猴成纖維細胞或CRL-1780視網膜內皮細胞)使用相同技術,吾人觀察到7H12及7H5與兔及猴細胞結合。
將黏連蛋白(Sigma F1141(牛)或Roche 1080938(人類))稀釋至1 μg/ml於碳酸鈉緩衝液中。NUNC maxisorp 96孔板之每孔添加100 μl黏連蛋白溶液且在4℃下擱置以結合隔夜(NUNC 96孔平底免疫板,MaxiSorp N/Ster 439454(VWR 62409-002))。隨後,將孔用磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(PBS)洗滌且用1% BSA(Sigma A9418)阻斷至少30 min。隨後,將板用PBS洗滌3次。將20,000個HUVEC細胞添加至各孔中且與於含有1.4 mM MgCl2
及1.4 mM CaCl2
之生長培養基中之各濃度之7H5或7H12一起培育。隨後,將培育混合物添加至經黏連蛋白塗佈之板中。當未添加抑制抗體時,將於相同生長培養基中之約20,000個細胞添加至各對照孔中。
將板在140 g下旋轉5 min以同時使細胞與受質接觸。將細胞在CO2
恆溫箱中培育各種持續時間(自0至120分鐘)。培育持續時間隨各細胞株而變化。隨後,將板用PBS洗滌3次。自孔移除所有液體且在-80℃下冷凍。隨後,將板在室溫下解凍。將CyQuant緩衝液(Molecular Probes CyQuant C7026)添加至孔中且將板在室溫下培育10 min。量測OD讀數。圖4展示7H5抗體之IC50為0.85 μg/ml(3.44 nM)且7H12抗體之IC50為0.7 μg/ml(4.38 nM)。
將96孔板用黏連蛋白(1 μg/ml)塗佈隔夜。隨後,將板用PBS洗滌。每96孔添加3000-5000個內皮細胞(EC)且允許完全附著於孔。添加抗α5抗體(包括同型對照)。各病狀使用3個孔。隨後,將細胞與抗體一起培育1-24小時。將抗整合素α5β1抗體在數個濃度(例如,0 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、16 μg/ml、60 μg/ml、120 μg/ml)下測試。
隨後,藉由將細胞與2 μl BrdU儲備溶液(25 mg/ml於PBS中)於1 ml組織培養基(EGM2+來自Clonetics之補充物(目錄號CC-4176))中一起培育使細胞經BrdU標記。該培育之後,將細胞用4% PFA固定,用1 N HCl處理20 min,用PBS洗滌數次且隨後以10%山羊血清(具有0.2% Triton之PBS)阻斷1-2小時。隨後,將細胞以BrdU為對照(BD目錄號347580 1:40)用單株抗體(具有0.2% Triton之PBS及5%山羊血清)染色且在4℃下培育隔夜。第二天,將細胞用PBS洗滌3次且在室溫下在黑暗中與經Alexa-594拼合之抗兔(1:800)二級抗體一起培育4小時。將孔再次洗滌且與DAPI(1:10,000於PBS中)一起培育10 min。用PBS最後洗滌之後,藉由在5×下給DAPI染色拍照計數每孔之總細胞數目。使用紅色濾光片給相同領域內對BrdU為陽性之細胞拍照。以該領域中對BrdU為陽性之細胞之百分率評估增殖。隨後,使用Excel分析結果。圖5a展示起始細胞數目為5000後32小時時,HUVEC之總細胞數。圖5b展示抗體濃度為20 μg/ml下24小時時,HUVEC之總細胞數。
在融合之前,HUVEC細胞係在經5 μg/ml黏連蛋白塗佈之24孔板上在EGM2+來自Clonetics之所有補充物(目錄號CC-4176)中生長。隨後,將各孔之中心處之細胞經2 μl吸管尖梢劃痕且將由劃痕移除之細胞洗除。將具有對照抗體7H5或7H12之細胞培養基添加至不同孔中。以20 μg/ml使用所有測試抗體。隨後,使細胞生長1至2天。監測傷口區域。圖6展示0小時及30小時時,ECM-2中,具有20 μg/ml抗α5抗體(7H5)之5 μg/ml黏連蛋白上HUVEC遷移之照片。圖7之曲線圖為30小時時,經7H5或7H12抗體處理之細胞之遷移%。
將96孔板用黏連蛋白(1 μg/ml)塗佈隔夜。將板用PBS洗滌。隨後,每96孔經板固定3000-5000個HUVEC細胞且在完全培養基(具有EGM-2 SingleQuots(Cambrex CC-4176)之EBM-2培養基(Cambrex CC-3156))中生長隔夜。若2H-11小鼠內皮細胞將用於細胞凋亡檢定,則培養基為具有10% FBS之50/50培養基。
第二天,將一組孔改為無血清培養基且培育4-6小時以使細胞餓死且使其處於非增殖狀態下。將另一組細胞保持在完全培養基中且其代表積極增殖之細胞。4-6小時後,添加抗體(包括同型對照)。通常,各病狀使用3個孔。隨後,將細胞與抗體一起培育1-48小時。抗整合素α5β1抗體通常在以下濃度下測試:0 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、16 μg/ml、60 μg/ml及120 μg/ml。
該培育之後,將細胞用4% PFA固定,以10%山羊血清(具有0.2% Triton之PBS)阻斷1-2小時,且隨後用特異性識別卡斯蛋白酶3之活化型之單株抗體(例如,來自BioVision之兔抗活性卡斯蛋白酶-3抗體,用具有0.2% Triton之PBS及5%山羊血清以1:50稀釋)染色。在4℃下,將抗卡斯蛋白酶3抗體及所固定之細胞培育隔夜。第二天,將細胞用PBS洗滌3次且在室溫下在黑暗中與經Alexa-594拼合之抗兔(1:800)二級抗體一起培育4小時。將孔再洗滌且與DAPI(1:10,000於PBS中)一起培育10 min。用PBS最後洗滌之後,藉由在5×下給DAPI染色拍照計數每孔之總細胞數目。使用紅色濾光片給相同領域內對活化卡斯蛋白酶3為陽性之細胞拍照。以對活化卡斯蛋白酶-3為陽性之細胞之百分率評估細胞凋亡。隨後,使用Excel分析結果。圖8展示7H5及7H12並不積極誘導細胞凋亡。
使用7H5及7H12抗體執行卡斯蛋白酶3/7活性檢定(來自Promega之Apo-One卡斯蛋白酶-3/7檢定,參見用於標準96孔檢定說明書之技術公報第295號)。
通常,將96孔板經黏連蛋白(1 μg/ml)塗佈隔夜。將板用PBS洗滌。隨後,每96孔經板固定3000-5000個HUVEC細胞且在完全培養基(具有EGM-2 SingleQuots(Cambrex CC-4176)之EBM-2培養基(Cambrex CC-3156))中生長隔夜。若2H-11小鼠內皮細胞將用於細胞凋亡檢定,則培養基為具有10% FBS之50/50培養基。
第二天,將一組孔改為無血清培養基且培育4-6小時以使細胞餓死且使其處於非增殖狀態下。將另一組細胞保持在完全培養基中且其代表積極增殖之細胞。4-6小時後,添加抗體(包括同型對照)。通常,各病狀使用3個孔。隨後,將細胞與抗體一起培育24-48小時。抗整合素α5β1抗體通常在以下濃度下測試:0 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、16 μg/ml、60 μg/ml及120 μg/ml。
該培育之後,將100 μl Apo-One卡斯蛋白酶3/7試劑添加至各孔中,且將該板使用板震盪器在300 rpm下輕輕混合30秒。隨後,將板在室溫下培育1至8小時,隨後使用板讀數器。在485 nm之激發波長及530 nm之發射下量測各孔之螢光。
由卡斯蛋白酶3/7受質之裂解產生之螢光信號(RLU)指示細胞凋亡。圖9展示7H5及7H12並不積極誘導細胞凋亡。
可就抗α5β1抗體抑制管形成之能力評定抗α5β1抗體。以下為基於HUVEC發芽之管形成檢定之實例且管形成檢定描述於Nakatsu等人
(2003)Microvascular Research 66(2003)102-112。
HUVEC細胞通常可與經右旋糖酐(detran)塗佈之Cytodex 3微載體(Amersham Pharmacia Biogech,Piscataway,NJ)以於1 ml EGF-2培養基中每珠粒400 HUVEC之濃度混合。在37℃及5% CO2
下,每20分鐘可將具有細胞之珠粒輕輕震盪歷時4小時。培育之後,可將具有細胞之珠粒轉移至25 cm2
組織培養燒瓶(BD Biosciences,Bedford,MA)中且在37℃及5% CO2
下在5 ml EGM-2中擱置12-16小時。第二天,可將具有細胞之珠粒用1 ml EGM-2洗滌3次且以於2.5 mg/mL纖維蛋白原(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)中200個經細胞塗佈之珠粒之濃度再懸浮。可將500微升纖維蛋白原/珠粒溶液添加至於24孔組織培養板之一個孔中之0.625單位凝血酶(Sigma)中。纖維蛋白原/珠粒溶液可在室溫下凝結5分鐘且隨後在37℃及5% CO2
下凝結20分鐘。可將1毫升EGM-2(其含有2% FBS)添加至各孔中且在37℃及5% CO2
下與纖維蛋白凝塊平衡30分鐘。將培養基自孔移除且替換為1 ml新鮮培養基。可將大約二萬個皮膚成纖維細胞(Detroit 551,ATCC,Rockville,MD)用板固定於凝塊上部。可每隔一天就更改培養基。可將珠粒檢定監測7天。
在凝膠上有或無500 μl抗α5β1抗體(7H5及7H12)之情況下,可將經HUVEC塗佈之珠粒在纖維蛋白凝膠中培養2-3天,且隨後轉移至裝備有多維軸之Nicon Eclipse TE300之平臺上且維持在37℃及5% CO2
歷時72小時。待使用之最終抗體濃度可藉由考慮纖維蛋白凝膠體積來計算,亦即,最終抗體濃度=總抗體重量/培養基體積+纖維蛋白凝膠體積。可每20分鐘使用Metamorph軟體自多個珠粒捕獲影像。在活體外血管之定量可使用珠粒之高解析度影像(例如,具有4×物鏡之IX70 Olympus顯微鏡)實現。每珠粒之芽之數目可與對照(未經治療)相比測定,其中芽可定義為長度等於珠粒之直徑之血管。芽長度可以任意單位度量。
在異種移植/同種異體移植腫瘤模型中,可評估α5β1拮抗劑治療及VEGF拮抗劑治療之同時及相繼投與。模型較佳幾乎不對或不對VEGF拮抗劑單一治療反應。以下為可使用之模型實例:(a)無胸腺裸小鼠中Fo5同種異體移植(乳房腫瘤源自mmtv-Her2轉殖基因小鼠)(Finkle,D等人,(2004)Clin.Cancer Res.10:2499-2511);(b)無胸腺裸小鼠中之HT29異種移植(人類結腸直腸株);及(c)RIP-TbAg(Tg模型中之胰腺腫瘤)。治療通常可經腹膜內、皮下或靜脈內投與。舉例而言,抗VEGF抗體可每週一次以10 mg/kg或每週兩次以5 mg/kg投與。待投與之諸如抗體之α5β1拮抗劑的量可基於其親和力及活性估算。在一實驗中,VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑可按同步時程投與歷時5-6週。其他或另外,VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑可相繼投與(例如,投與抗VEGF抗體歷時三週,接著給予抗α5β1抗體歷時三週)。
治療功效可尤其基於腫瘤進展、腫瘤灌注、腫瘤血管密度、形態及/或存活評估。腫瘤進展可由(例如)腫瘤體積及/或腫瘤重量量測。FITC-凝集素灌注以及血管標記染色可用於評估伴隨贅生性進展之血管變化。
將HRLN雌性裸小鼠用5×106
MDA-MB231人類乳癌細胞在其脅部經皮下注射。(HRLN為品系名稱)。在腫瘤達到80-120立方毫米之平均大小之前,使腫瘤生長。隨後,將帶有腫瘤之小鼠分為4組,且當每組之平均腫瘤體積為約100立方毫米時,開始治療。
研究期間,每週兩次量測腫瘤體積。使用標準測徑規量測方法進行腫瘤體積量測。稱為10E7之倉鼠抗小鼠整合素α5 mab係在Genentech產生。當腫瘤為1.5 gms或已過60天時(無論何者在先),達到實驗終點。在一些情況下,反應者可能需追蹤更久。當達到終點時,使動物安樂死。
治療詳情描述如下:(1)對照組:經抗豬草對照mab注射(10 mg/kg,腹腹內(ip),每週一次)(2)抗VEGF單一藥劑組:經抗VEGF mab B20.4.1注射(10 mg/kg,ip,每週一次)(3)組合組:B20.41.(10 mg/kg,ip,每週一次)加倉鼠抗小鼠整合素α5 mab 10E7(10 mg/kg,ip,每週兩次)(4)抗整合素α5單一藥劑組:經倉鼠抗小鼠整合素α5 mab 10E7(10 mg/kg,ip,每週兩次)
對照組資料:
抗VEGF單個藥劑組之資料:
抗VEGF及抗α5β1資料:
抗整合素α5單個藥劑組之數據:
該初步資料展示抗α5+抗VEGF組合活性之早期病徵。
研究終點之後,計算各組之平均腫瘤體積(圖11A)。亦構造卡本-麥爾曲線圖以展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率(圖11B)。資料展示抗整合素α5β1抗體在乳癌模型中增強抗VEGF之功效。
將新西蘭白兔稱重且用異螢烷麻醉。在各兔中,將毛自內表面及沿雙耳耳廓之邊緣修剪。用除毛洗劑自手術部位移除任何剩餘毛髮將手術部位用優碘洗液清洗,接著用醇漂淨。使用無菌技術,使用圓形8 mm打孔活檢儀器在各耳中產生一個深度至耳軟骨之傷口。用骨膜上起子及精密剪刀移除下方之軟骨膜。在各傷口上方置放Opsite黏性繃帶且使兔子自麻醉中恢復知覺。
每日移除Opsite敷料,檢查傷口,局部應用治療且塗覆新鮮敷料。藉由在第0天(緊接著手術)、第7天、第10天、第14天及第18天量測傷口直徑計算傷口裂口。
治療組為:各傷口每日30 μl之100 μg貝伐株單抗(抗VEGF抗體)(n=4)各傷口每日30 μl之100 μg 7H12(抗α5β1抗體)(n=4)各傷口每日15 μl之100 μg貝伐株單抗+15 μl之100 μg 7H12(n=4)各傷口每日30 μl之100 μg搓杜滋美(Traatuzumab)(抗HER2抗體)(n=3)
資料展示在血管生成模型中抗VEGF及抗α5β1組合治療相對僅單一試劑具有衝擊效應(圖10)。
將HRLN雌性nu/nu小鼠用1 mm3
HT29腫瘤片段(結腸腫瘤)在其脅部經皮下注射。在經治療治療之前,在腫瘤達到80-120立方毫米之平均大小之前,使腫瘤生長。隨後,將帶有腫瘤之小鼠分為4組:
使用標準測徑規量測方法每週兩次進行腫瘤體積量測。稱為10E7之倉鼠抗小鼠整合素α5 mab係在Genentech產生。對照IgG為抗豬草單株抗體。體重在2天內量測5次,隨後每週兩次(biwk)直至研究結束。實驗終點為體積腫瘤達1 gms或第90天(無論何者在先)。一些反應者需追蹤更久。當到達終點時,使動物安樂死。給藥體積為10 mL/kg(0.200 ml/20 g小鼠),該體積係按體重調整。就展示完全退化(CR)之動物而言,在終點時收集腫瘤植入之部位處之組織且保藏於福馬林(formulin)中,接著保藏於70% EtOH中以用於後面的研究。將所有待冷凍之樣品置放於冷黴素中,包裹於箔片中且快速冷凍於液氮中。
研究終點之後,計算各組之平均腫瘤體積(圖12A)。亦構造卡本-麥爾曲線圖以展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率(圖12B)。資料展示在結腸癌模型中抗整合素α5β 1抗體增強抗VEGF之功效。
將HRLN雌性nu/nu小鼠用5×106
HCT116腫瘤細胞(結腸腫瘤細胞)在其脅部經皮下注射。在經治療治療之前,在腫瘤達到80-120立方毫米之平均大小之前,使腫瘤生長。隨後,將帶有腫瘤之小鼠分為4組:
使用標準測徑規量測方法每週兩次進行腫瘤體積量測。稱為10E7之倉鼠抗小鼠整合素α5 mab係在Genentech產生。體重在2天內量測5次,隨後每週兩次(biwk)直至研究結束。實驗終點為體積腫瘤達1.5 gms或第60天(無論何者在先)。一些反應者需追蹤更久。當到達終點時,使動物安樂死。給藥體積為10 mL/kg(0.200 ml/20 g小鼠),該體積係按體重調整。在投與伊立替康之前30分鐘,投與10E7。就展示完全退化(CR)之動物而言,在終點時收集腫瘤植入之部位處之組織且保藏於福馬林中,接著保藏於70% EtOH中以用於後面的研究。將所有待冷凍之樣品置放於冷黴素中,包裹於箔片中且快速冷凍於液氮中。
研究終點之後,計算各組之平均腫瘤體積(圖13A)。亦構造卡本-麥爾曲線圖以展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率(圖13B)。資料展示抗整合素α5β1抗體在結腸癌模型中並不增強化學治療劑(伊立替康)之活性之功效,而且其並不阻礙化學治療劑之活性。該觀察結果與吾人的看法一致,在抗α5β1治療可有效適用於通常抗血管生成,且尤其腫瘤定型中之抗血管生成之前,會出現血管損傷。該血管損傷可由諸如AVASTIN抗體之VEGF拮抗劑引起。在該模型中,單獨化學治療劑並不引起顯著的血管損傷。可設想同時或相繼使用所有該藥劑(VEGF拮抗劑/α5β1拮抗劑/化學治療劑)以致出現VEGF拮抗劑引起血管損傷。
圖1展示HT29異種移植腫瘤經抗VEGF抗體(B20-4.1)治療之後,α5β1表現之基質細胞之增加募集。
圖2之曲線圖展示直接結合檢定中與HUVEC細胞結合之7H5及7H12抗體。
圖3展示經FACS分析與HUVEC但不與RAJI細胞結合之7H5及7H12抗體。
圖4之曲線圖展示在純7H5及7H12單株抗體存在下黏著於黏連蛋白之HUVEC。
圖5(A)之棒狀圖以總細胞數展示7H5及7H12對HUVEC細胞增殖之效應及(B)之棒狀圖由Alamar藍染色法展示另一檢定中7H5及7H12對HUVEC細胞增殖之效應。
圖6之相片為經7H5處理後,0 h及30 h時與陰性對照(IgG)相比之HUVEC細胞遷移。
圖7之定量棒狀圖展示經7H5及7H12處理後HUVEC細胞遷移。
圖8之棒狀圖展示經7H5及7H12處理後,細胞凋亡檢定中表現活化卡斯蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)之HUVEC細胞之百分率。
圖9之棒狀圖展示經7H5及7H12處理後,HUVEC卡斯蛋白酶3/7之活性。
圖10之曲線圖展示7H12及/或貝伐株單抗在兔耳傷口癒合模型中之活性。
圖11展示在乳癌模型中經抗VEGF抗體+/-抗α5β1抗體處理之小鼠之結果,(A)之曲線圖展示所處理之小鼠之群中位腫瘤體積或(B)之卡本-麥爾曲線圖(Kaplan-Meier plot)展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率。當動物之腫瘤達到或超過1500 mm3
時,將其自研究移除。
圖12展示在結腸癌模型中經抗VEGF抗體+/-抗α5β1抗體處理之小鼠之結果,(A)之曲線圖展示所處理之小鼠之群中位腫瘤體積或(B)之卡本-麥爾曲線圖展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率。當動物之腫瘤達到或超過1500 mm3
時,將其自研究移除。
圖13展示在結腸癌模型中經抗α5β1抗體或化學治療劑處理之小鼠之結果,(A)之曲線圖展示所處理之小鼠之群中位腫瘤體積或(B)之卡本-麥爾曲線圖展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率。當動物之腫瘤達到或超過1500 mm3
時,將其自研究移除。
<110> 美商建南德克公司
<120> 包含α5β1拮抗劑之組合治療
<140> TW 096109770
<141> 2007-03-21
<150> US 60/784,704
<151> 2006-03-21
<150> US 60/785,330
<151> 2006-03-22
<150> US 60/871,743
<151> 2006-12-22
<160> 5
<210> 1
<211> 124
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠
<400> 1
<210> 2
<211> 108
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠
<400> 2
<210> 3
<211> 451
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成多肽
<400> 3
<210> 4
<211> 215
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成多肽
<400> 4
<210> 5
<211> 232
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成多肽
<400> 5
Claims (56)
- 一種抗體,其可結合人類α5β1且競爭性抑制融合瘤產生之抗體與人類α5β1之結合,其中該融合瘤係由選自以下組成之群:2007年5月24日寄存於食品工業發展研究所(FIRDI)之融合瘤α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960304及融合瘤α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960303。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含至少一個高變區,其大體對應於選自以下組成之群之融合瘤產生之α5/β1抗體之高變區:2007年5月24日寄存於FIRDI之融合瘤α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960304及融合瘤α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960303。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含含有CDR之可變域,該CDR大體對應於選自以下組成之群之融合瘤產生之α5/β1抗體之CDR:2007年5月24日寄存於FIRDI之融合瘤α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960304及融合瘤α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960303。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含由2007年5月24日寄存於FIRDI之融合瘤α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960304產生之抗體的重鏈可變域(VH)序列及輕鏈可變域(VL)序列。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含由2007年5月24日寄 存於FIRDI之融合瘤α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960303產生之抗體的重鏈可變域(VH)序列及輕鏈可變域(VL)序列。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體為人化或嵌合抗體。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體以介於500 nM與1 pM之間的Kd結合人類α5β1。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含人類IgG之Fc序列。
- 如請求項8之抗體,其中該人類IgG為IgG1或IgG4。
- 如請求項8之抗體,其中該抗體包含缺乏抗體依賴性細胞毒性(ADCC)效應功能之Fc序列。
- 如請求項1之抗體,該抗體係選自由Fab、Fab'、F(ab)'2、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段、雙功能抗體(diabody)及線性抗體組成之群。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體為多特異性抗體。
- 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體係由選自以下組成之群的融合瘤產生:2007年5月24日寄存於FIRDI之融合瘤α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960304及融合瘤α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960303。
- 如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體,其係與治療劑結合。
- 如請求項14之抗體,其中該治療劑係選自由細胞毒性劑、放射性同位素及化學治療劑組成之群。
- 如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體,其係與標記結合。
- 如請求項16之抗體,其中該標記係選自由放射性同位 素、螢光染料及酶組成之群。
- 一種分離之核酸分子,其編碼如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體之重鏈可變域(VH)或輕鏈可變域(VL)或VH與VL域兩者。
- 一種表現載體,其編碼如請求項18之核酸分子。
- 一種細胞,其包含如請求項18之核酸分子。
- 如請求項20之細胞,其中該細胞為2007年5月24日寄存於FIRDI之融合瘤α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960304及融合瘤α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4,寄存編號為FIRDI No.BCRC 960303。
- 一種產生抗體之方法,其包含培養如請求項20之細胞及回收該細胞所產生之抗體。
- 一種偵測患者之樣本中α5β1蛋白質的方法,其係藉由使如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體與該樣本接觸及偵測與該α5β1蛋白質結合之抗α5β1抗體。
- 如請求項23之方法,其中該抗體係用於免疫組織化學檢定(IHC)或ELISA檢定中。
- 一種如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體之用途,其係用於製造抑制個體之血管生成及/或血管滲透性之藥物。
- 一種如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體之用途,其係用於製造治療具有過度血管生成或血管滲透性之疾病之個體之藥物。
- 一種抑制罹患疾病之個體血管生成及/或血管滲透性的組合,其包含如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體及VEGF拮抗 劑,其中該抗體及VEGF拮抗劑係同時或相繼投與,其中該疾病特徵為過度血管生成或血管滲透性。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該疾病係選自由腫瘤、免疫疾病或眼睛疾病組成之群。
- 一種治療個體癌症之組合,其包含如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體及VEGF拮抗劑,其中該抗體及VEGF拮抗劑係同時或相繼投與。
- 一種治療個體眼睛疾病之組合,其包含如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體及VEGF拮抗劑,其中該抗體及VEGF拮抗劑係同時或相繼投與。
- 一種治療個體自體免疫疾病之組合,其包含如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體及VEGF拮抗劑,其中該抗體及VEGF拮抗劑係同時或相繼投與。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該個體投與該VEGF拮抗劑及隨後投與該抗α5β1抗體。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該個體同時投與該VEGF拮抗劑及該抗α5β1抗體。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該個體係經該VEGF拮抗劑治療直至該個體對VEGF拮抗劑無反應為止,隨後該個體經抗α5β1抗體治療。
- 如請求項29之組合,其中當該癌症為非侵襲性時,個體係經該VEGF拮抗劑治療,而當該癌症為侵襲性時,該個體係經該α5β1拮抗劑治療。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中與未患該疾病之個體之組織相 比,該個體之患病組織中之α5β1含量升高。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該個體進一步投與一種選自由抗贅生藥劑、化學治療劑、生長抑制劑及細胞毒性劑組成之群之治療劑。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該VEGF拮抗劑為抗VEGF抗體。
- 如請求項38之組合,其中該抗VEGF抗體與人類VEGF之結合可由貝伐株單抗(bevacizumab)競爭性地抑制。
- 如請求項38之組合,其中該抗VEGF抗體為人化或人類抗體。
- 如請求項39之組合,其中該抗VEGF抗體為貝伐株單抗。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該抗α5β1抗體係與細胞毒性劑結合。
- 如請求項42之組合,其中該細胞毒性劑為放射性同位素、化學治療劑或毒素。
- 如請求項27之組合,其中該抗α5β1抗體為人化或人類抗體。
- 一種組合物,其包含如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項27之組合物,進一步包含VEGF拮抗劑。
- 一種如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體及VEGF拮抗劑之用途,其係用於製造抑制罹患特徵為過度血管生成或血管滲透性之疾病之個體血管生成及/或血管滲透性之藥物。
- 如請求項47之用途,其中該疾病係選自由癌症、眼睛疾病及自體免疫疾病組成之群。
- 如請求項47之用途,其中該疾病係選自由以下組成之群:實體腫瘤、轉移性腫瘤、軟組織腫瘤、具有眼睛新血管生成之疾病、具有異常血管生成之發炎疾病、個體移植後引起之疾病及具有維管(fibrovascular)組織異常增殖之疾病。
- 如請求項47之用途,其中該癌症係選自由以下組成之群:乳癌、子宮頸癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌、非何傑金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkins lymphoma)(NHL)、腎細胞癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、頭頸部癌、黑素瘤、卵巢癌、間皮瘤、軟組織癌及多發性骨髓瘤。
- 如請求項47之用途,其中該疾病係選自由以下組成之群:視網膜病、年齡誘發之黃斑變性、虹膜紅變;牛皮癬、牛皮癬性關節炎、發炎性腎病、溶血性尿毒性症候群、糖尿病性腎病、關節炎、發炎性腸疾病、慢性發炎、慢性視網膜剝離、慢性葡萄膜炎、慢性玻璃體炎、角膜移植排斥、角膜新血管生成、角膜移植新血管生成、克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、近視、眼睛新生血管疾病、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(Pagets disease)、類天疱瘡、多動脈炎、雷射後放射狀角膜切開術、視網膜新血管生成、乾燥症候群(Sogrens syndrome)、潰瘍性結腸炎、移植排斥、肺發炎、腎病症候群、水腫、惡性疾病(malignancies)相關聯之腹水、中風、血管纖維瘤及新生 血管性青光眼。
- 一種如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體之用途,其係用於製造治療罹患疾病之個體之藥物,其中該個體先前對VEGF拮抗劑治療該疾病有反應但現在對該VEGF拮抗劑降低反應或不再有反應。
- 如請求項52之用途,其中與未患該疾病之個體之組織相比,該個體之患病組織中之α5β1含量升高。
- 請求項52之用途,其中該個體進一步投與選自由抗贅生藥劑、化學治療劑、生長抑制劑及細胞毒性劑組成之群之治療劑。
- 一種VEGF拮抗劑之用途,其係用於製造治療罹患疾病之個體之藥物,其中該個體先前對如請求項1-13中任一項之抗體治療該疾病有反應但現在對該抗體降低反應或不再有反應。
- 一種套組,其係用於偵測已經VEGF拮抗劑治療之個體內α5β1,該治療套組包含如請求項1-13中任一項之抗α5β1抗體;及使用抗α5β1抗體偵測已經VEGF拮抗劑治療之個體內α5β1的說明書。
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WO2004065540A2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2004-08-05 | Glycart Biotechnology Ag | Fusion constructs and use of same to produce antibodies with increased fc receptor binding affinity and effector function |
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