TWI322802B - Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds - Google Patents
Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds Download PDFInfo
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- TWI322802B TWI322802B TW092120693A TW92120693A TWI322802B TW I322802 B TWI322802 B TW I322802B TW 092120693 A TW092120693 A TW 092120693A TW 92120693 A TW92120693 A TW 92120693A TW I322802 B TWI322802 B TW I322802B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 cyano, nitro, iridium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HYXAFXHYSA-N (z)-pent-2-ene Chemical compound CC\C=C/C QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HSXUNHYXJWDLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O HSXUNHYXJWDLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XCJGLBWDZKLQCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(O)(=O)=O XCJGLBWDZKLQCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ANVURUAGPDCRFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino(nitro)cyanamide Chemical compound N#CN(N)[N+]([O-])=O ANVURUAGPDCRFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- MFQXVYADAODXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethylphenyl)-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical group CCC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)CC)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1C MFQXVYADAODXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- NRULGPVQXYQMSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phosphanylmethyl]phenyl]methyl-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1CP(C(C)(C)CC)C(C)(C)CC NRULGPVQXYQMSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CRHWEIDCXNDTMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)PC(C)(C)C CRHWEIDCXNDTMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ZODDGFAZWTZOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OS(O)(=O)=O ZODDGFAZWTZOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 101000869592 Daucus carota Major allergen Dau c 1 Proteins 0.000 description 7
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002730 succinyl group Chemical group C(CCC(=O)*)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
1322802 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種在觸媒系統存在下將乙烯系不飽和化 合物與一氧化碳反應之羰基化方法。 【先前技術】 在醇或水存在下使用一氧化碳及一種包含族VIII金屬如 鈀,及膦配位體如烷基膦、環烷基膦、芳基膦、吡啶基膦 或二配位基膦之觸媒系統之乙烯系不飽和化合物之羰基化 作用曾敘述於各種歐洲專利及專利申請案中,例如,EP-A-0055875 , EP-A-04489472 , EP-A-0106379 > EP-A-0235864 , EP-A-0274795,EP-A-0499329,EP-A-0386833 ,EP-A- 0441447 , EP-A-0489472 , EP-A-0282142 , EP-A-0227160 , EP-A-0495547 及 EP-A-0495548。特別是EP-A-0227160,EP-A-0495547及EP-A-0495548揭示二配位基膦配位體提供可達 成較高反應速率之觸媒系統。 先前揭示之觸媒系統之主要問題在於,雖然可達成相當 高反應速率,但鈀觸媒迅速失去作用,其在工業上不受歡 迎0 WO 96/1 9434揭示二配位基膦化合物之特殊基團可提供明 顯穩定的觸媒,其需要很少甚至不用補充;使用該二配位 基觸媒導致明顯高於先前揭示者之反應速率;在高轉化率 下產生很少甚至無雜質。 此外,WO 96/19434亦揭示頃發現當對丙烯使用時相同觸 媒製程會更加困難。 86773 1322802 WO 01/68583揭示當外加非質子性溶劑存在時用於C3或 更高碳原子之高碳鏈晞之相同製程之速率。w〇 96/19434利 用反應條件例如30xI05N.m-2及i〇〇ec。同樣,w〇 01/68583 揭示30及60巴一氧化碳以及1〇〇。〇。w〇 96/19434中最佳溫 度範圍為7〇-l2〇°C而最佳壓力為5xl〇5至5〇χ1〇5 N m_2。同 樣,WO 01/68583中最佳溫度範圍為80_12〇〇c而最佳分壓為 5至65巴。 意外的是,頃發現最後產物之改良選擇率及改良直線性 可在較先行技藝所教示更低溫度及更低一氧化碳壓力之條 件下發現。而且,非質子性溶劑不需要達成此,如w〇 01/68583所教示。 【發明内容】 根據本發明之帛一態樣,提供一種乙缔系不飽和化合物 後基化之万法,該方法包括在羥基源及觸媒系統存在下將 該乙烯系不飽和化合物與一氧化碳反應,觸媒系統可藉組 合下列獲得: (a) 族VIII之金屬或其化合物;及 (b) 通式(I)之一配位基騰
86773 1322802 其中:
Ar為一種橋接基團,包含在可行鄰接碳原子上連接有石舞 原子之視需要取代的芳基部分; A與B各獨立表示低碳伸烷基; K、D、E及Z為芳基部分(Ar)之取代基,且各獨立表示氯、 低碳垸基、芳基、Het、鹵基、氰基、硝基、〇Ri9、(⑺r2〇、 〇C(0)R21、C(0)0R22、NR23R24、C(0)NR25R26、C(S)R25R26、 SR27、C(0)SR27、或-J-Q3(CR13(R14)(R15))CR16(R17)(R18),其 中J表示低碳伸烷基;或選自κ、Z、D及E之二個鄰接基團 與接附之芳基J辰之碳原子一起形成另一個苯基環,其視需 要由一個或多個選自氫、低碳烷基、函基、氰基、硝基、ORB、 C(0)R20、C(0)R2i、C(0)〇R22、NR23R24、C(〇)NR25R26、 C⑻R_25R26、SR27或C(0)SR27之取代基所取代; R1至R18各獨立表示低碳烷基、芳基、或Het ; R19至R27各獨立表示氫、低碳烷基、芳基、或Het ; Q1、Q2及Q3(當存在時)各獨立表示磷、砷或銻,在後二 種情況下’參照上述膦或磷應相對地改變; 其中羰基化反應係在溫度為_30。(:至49。(:間及CO分壓為低 於30xl05 N.m·2下實施》 遠方法以下稱為"本發明方法"。 當 K、D、E或 Z 表示 _J-Q3(CR13(R14)(R15))CR16(R17)(R18)時, 各K、D、E或Z最好在鄰接連接a或B之芳基碳之芳基碳上, 或若非如此鄰接時,則鄰接本身表示-J-Q3(CR13(R14)(R15))CR16(RJ7)(R,之其餘 κ、d、E 或 Z基。 86773 iszzmz 【實施方式】 本發明方法可適當地用以在—氧化碳及含經基化合物存 在下催化乙埽系不飽和化合物之幾基化,#,本發明方法 可催化乙烯系不飽和化合物分別轉化成對應幾酸或酷,端 視選擇所用之含羥基化合物而定。有利的是本發明方法 在典型㈣化反應條件下可利用高度穩定性化合物,使並 需要很少甚至不用補充。有利的{,本發明方法比較於習 知方法具有增加速率之乙埽系不飽和化合物之羰基化反 應》有利的是’本發明方法可促進乙缔系不飽和化合物之 高f轉化速率,藉此以高產衬得具有很少甚至無雜質之 所知產物因此’羧基化方法如乙晞系不飽和化合物之窥 基化之商業可行性可藉使用本發明方法而增加。 術語"Ar"或”芳基",當用於本文時,包括6-至10-員碳環 狀芳香族基’例如,苯基及莕基,除了K、D、E或Z以外, 該等基視需要經-個或多個選自芳基、低魏基(該燒基本 身可視需要被如下定義之取代或終端化)、Het、卣基、氰 基肖基0R、〇C(〇)R2〇、c(0)R21、C(0)0R22、NR23R24、 C(0)NR25R26、SR27、c(〇)SR27 或 C(S)NR25R26之取代基其中 R至R各獨互表示氫、芳基或低碳烷基(該烷基本身可視 需要被如了定義之取代或終端化)。 術Het ,备用於本文時,包括4-至12-員,較佳為4-至 員衰系’”克v亥等環含有一個或多個選自氮、氧、硫之雜 原子及其/Μ;ι β物,且該等環可含有一個或多個雙鍵或在性 質上為非芳香族、局部芳香族或全部芳香族。帛系統可為 86773 -10- 1322802 早環、雙環或熔合性。本文所證實之"Het,,可視需要經一個 或夕個選自鹵基、氰基、硝基、氧基、低碳烷基(該烷基本 身可視需要被如下定義之取代或終端化)、〇r19、〇c(〇)r2〇、 C(0)R C(〇)〇R 2、NR23R24、c(〇)nr25r26、sr27、c(〇)sr27 或c⑻NW6之取代基,其中Rl9至r27各獨立表示氫、芳基 或低碳烷基(該烷基本身可視需要被如下定義之取代或終端 化)。術浯"Het"因而包括基團,例如,視需要取代的氮咀基、 吡咯啶基、咪唑基、啕哚基、呋喃基、噚唑基、異嘮唑基、 吟二唑基、嘧唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、噚三唑基、嘧三 唑基、噠嗪基、嗎淋基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、喳啉基、異口奎 琳基、7T氫峨咬基、响吨基、及六氫p比嗪基。在Het之取代 可在Het環之碳原子或,適當時,在一個或多個雜原子。 "Het"基亦可呈現N氧化物之形式。 本文所用之術語"低碳烷基"意指c i至C 1〇烷基並包括甲 基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基及庚基。除非另予指 明’當具有充分數目之碳原子時,烷基可為直線或分支、 飽和或不飽和、環狀、非環狀或局部環狀/非環狀、及/或經 一個或多個選自函基、氰基、硝基、〇Rl9、〇C(〇)R20、c(〇)R21、 C(0)0R22、NR23R24、C(0)NR25R26、SR27、C(0)SR27、 C(S)NR25R26、芳基或Het之取代基,其中Ri9至r27各獨立表 示氫、芳基或低碳燒基’及/或由一個或多個氧或疏原子或 由矽烷基或二烷基矽基中斷。 R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、Rl〇、R11、Rl2、 R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、 86773 • 11 · 1322802 R24、R25、R26、R27、K、D、E&z可代表且芳基及ΗΜ可經 其取代之低碳烷基或燒基’當具有充分數目之碳原子時, 其可為直線或分支、飽和或不飽和、環狀、非環狀咬局部 環狀/非環狀、及/或由一個或多個氧或硫原子或由矽烷基或 二烷基矽基中斷’及/或經一個或多個選自卣基、氰基、硝 基、OR'、OC(0)R2。、C(0)R2i ' C(0)0R22、NR23R24、 C(〇)NR25R26、SR27、C(0)SR27、C(S)NR25R26、芳基或 取代基,其中R19至R27各獨立表示氫、芳基或低碳烷基。 同樣,術語"低碳伸烷基",其A、B&j(當存在時.)表示式工 之化合物,當用於本文時,包括(:1至〇1〇基,其被鍵合至至 少基團上二個地方之其他部分,否則以相同方式定義為"低 碳烷基"。 可取代或終端化上述基團之卣基包括氟、氯、溴及碘。 當本文中之式⑴之化合物含有烯基時,順式(E)及反式 異構現象亦會發生。本發明包括任何本文定義之各個式⑴ 之化合物之立體異構物,適當時,其各個互變異構形式, 以及其混合物。非對映立體異構物或順式及反式異構物之 分離可藉傳統技術如式⑴之—的化合物之立體異構混合物 或其適當鹽或衍生物之分顧晶化、層析術或H pLc.達成。 式⑴之-的化合物之各個對映異構物亦可自對應料上純 ^的中間體或藉解析’㈣應外消旋物使料當對掌性載 W H.P.L.C.或藉由對應外消旋物與適#光學上活性酸或驗 之反應所形成之非對映立體異構鹽之分館晶化製備。 所有互體異構物皆包括於本發明之方法内。 86773 -12- 丄j乙ζδυζ 熟習此技藝者當可明白式i(b)之化合物可作為配位體,其 係與族VIIIB金屬或其化合物(a)配位以形成本發明所用之化 合物。通常,族VIIIB金屬或其化合物(a)配位至式丨化合物 之一個或多個磷、坤及/或銻原子。 R1至R18較佳地各獨立表示低碳烷基或芳基。更佳的是, R至R18各獨JL表示(^至(:6烷基或(^至(:6烷基苯基(其中苯基 視禺要被取代,如本文所定義)或苯基(其中苯基視需要被取 代,如本文所定義)。仍更佳的是,…至尺!8各獨立表示c 1 基,其視需要被取代,如本文所定義。最佳的是,R1 至R18各表示未經取代的(^至^烷基,如曱基、乙基、正丙 基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、己基及 環己基。 或者,或附加地,各基R^R3、R4iR6、…至…、Rl〇至 R12、R13至R15或R〗6至Ru一起可獨立形成環狀結構,如卜冰 片基或1-冰片二晞基。或者,一個或多個基團可代表配位 體接附之固體相。 在本發明之一特佳具體例中,Rl、R4、R7、Rl〇、r13及r16 各表示如上定義之相同低碳烷基、芳基或Het部分,R2、r5、 R R 1、尺14及尺17各表示如上定義之相同低碳烷基、芳基 或Het部分,而R3、R6、R9、ri2、Rl5及R18各表示如上定義 之相同低碳烷基、芳基或Het部分。更佳的是,R1、r4、r7、 R10、R13及各表示相同c「c々基,特別是未經取代的 C6烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁 基第—丁基、戊基 '己基及環己基;R_2、R5、R8、r11、 86773 •13- 1322802
Rl4及Rn各獨立表示如上定義之相同Ci-C6烷基;而R3、R6、 R、R,2、R15及ri«各獨立表示如上定義之相同c〗_C6烷基。 例如’ R丨、R4、R7、R丨。、Rl3及Rl6各獨立表示甲基;R2、 R、R、R1丨、R14及Rl7各獨立表示乙基丨而R3n、R12、 R15及R18各獨立表示正丁基或正戊基。 在本發明之一特佳具體例中,R4Ri8各表示如上定義之 相同低碳烷基、芳基或Het部分。較佳的是,…至…8各表示 相同eve,垸基’特別是未經取代的Ci_C6燒基如曱基、乙 基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基'戊基、 己基及環己基。最佳的是,尺1至1118各表示甲基。 在式I之化合物中,較佳較,Q1、Q4Q3(當存在時)各 為相同。最佳的是,Ql、Q2及Q3(當存在時)各表示磷。 、較佳的在式!之化合物中,A、(當存在時)各獨 立表示C「C6伸烷基,其如上述例如視需要經低碳烷基取 代。A、B及:Γ(當存在時)表示之低碳伸燒基較佳為未經取代 者。A、8及〗可獨立表示之特佳低碳伸烷基為4%_或 -C#4-。最佳的是,A、3及;(當存在時)各表示如上定^之 相同低碳伸娱:基,特別是-CH2-。 較佳的是,在式I之化合物中,當K、D、E*z不表示-j— Q3(CR】3(R14)(R15))CR16(R17)(R18)時,κ、D、表示氣、 低碳垸基、苯基或低碳燒基苯基。更佳的是,K d ε戈 表不氫、苯基、cvc:6烷基苯基或c「C6烷基,如甲基、乙^、 丙基、丁基、戊基及己基》最佳的是,K、D、 及 較佳的是,在式!之化合物中,當K、D、^Z與表:附 86773 -14- 1322802 之芳基環之碳原子一起不會形成苯基環時,K、D、£及之各 獨互表示氫、低碳烷基、苯基或低碳烷基苯基。更佳的是, K、D、E及Z各獨立表示氫、苯基、烷基苯基或 燒基’如曱基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基及己基。仍較佳6 的疋,K、D、E及Z表示相同取代基。最佳的是,其表示氫。 較佳的是,在式I之化合物中,當K、D、£或z不表示| Q3(CR13(RM)(Ri5))CRi6(Ri7)(r18)及K、D、£及2與所接附之 芳基環之碳原子一起不會形成苯基環時,K、D、E及z各表 示如上疋成選自虱、低碳燒基、芳基或Het之相同基團;特 別是氫或<^-(:6烷基(更特別是未經取代的<:1_(:6烷基),尤其 是氫。 較佳的是,在式〗之化合物中,當K、D、e及Z中二個與 所接附之芳基環之碳原子一起形成苯基環時,苯基環視需 要經一個或多個選自芳基、低碳烷基(該烷基本身可視需要 被如下定義之取代或終端化)、Het、鹵基、氰基、硝基、0Ri9、 〇C(0)R2〇、C(〇)R21、C(〇)〇R22、NR23R24、C(〇)NR25R26、SR27、 C(0)SR27、C(S)NR25R26、芳基或Het之取代基取代,其中R19 至R27各獨立表示氫或低碳烷基(該烷基本身可視需要被如下 定義之取代或終端化)。更佳的是,苯基環未經任何取代基 所取代’即,其僅負載氫原子。 較佳式I之化合物包括該等化合物,其中: A及B各獨立表示未經取代之(^-(^伸烷基; K、D、z及E各獨立表示氫、CrC6燒基、苯基、crC6^ 基苯基或-J-Q3(CR13(R14)(R15))CR16(R17)(R18),其中 j表示未 86773 •15- 1322802 經取代之C r C:6伸烷基;或κ、D、Z及E中二個與所接附之 芳基環之碳原子一起形成苯基環,其視需要經一個或多個 選自低碳燒基、苯基或低碳燒基苯基之取代基所取代。 R1至R18各獨立表示Ci_C6烷基、苯基或烷基苯基。 另外較佳式I之化合物包括該等化合物,其中: A及B均表示_Ch2•或,特別是ch2 ; K、D、Z及E各獨立表示氫、(:烷基、苯基或€1_(:6烷 基或-J-Q3(CR13(R14)(R15))CR16(R17)(R18),其中 J相同於 A ; 或K、D、E及Z中二個與所接附之芳基環之碳原子一起形成 未經取代之苯基環; R1至R18(當存在時)各獨立表示Crc6燒基; 另外較佳式I之化合物包括該等化合物,其中: R1至R18相同且各獨立表示c「c6烷基,特別是甲基。 另外較佳式I之化合物包括該等化合物,其中: K、D、Z及E各獨立選自氫或(:1-(:6烷基所組成之群,特 別是其中K、D、Z及E各表示相同基,尤其是其中k、d、Z 及E各表7JT氮;或 K表示-CH2-Q3(CR13(R14)(R15》CR16(R17)(R18),而 D、z及 E各獨立選自氫或(^-(^烷基所組成之群,特別是其中〇與e 均表示相同基’尤其是其中D、z及E表示氫。 特佳式I之特定化合物包括該等化合物,其中: R1至R12各相同並表示甲基; A與B相同並表示-CH2-; K、D、Z及E相同並表示氫。 86773 -16- 1322802 本發明提供—種[締系不飽和化合物之羰基化之方法, 匕括在本發明足義之觸媒化合物存在下,#乙埽系不飽和 化合物與一氧化碳及含有羥基之化合物接觸。 σ有#工基之化合物最好包括水或具有羥基官能基之有機 刀子具有妾k Iτ能基之有機分子較佳為>1或線性,並 包含烷醇,特別是Ci_C3〇烷醇,包括芳基烷醇,其可視需要 如上述經一個或多個選自低碳烷基、芳基、Het、卣基、氰 基、硝基、OR19、〇c(〇)R2。、c(〇)R21、c(〇)〇r22、nr23r24、 C(0)NR25R26、C(S)R25R26、SR274C(〇)SR27之取代基取代。 較佳烷醇為C「C8烷醇,如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇、異 丁醇、第三丁醇、正丁醇、苯酚及氯辛醇。雖然單烷醇最 佳,但亦可使用較佳選自二辛醇類如二醇類、三醇類、四 酵類及糖類之聚燒醇類。通常,該聚虎醇類係選自1,2乙二 醇、1’3-丙二醇、甘油醇、u〆· 丁三醇、2_(幾基甲基Η,〗· 丙二醇、1,2,6三羥基己烷、季戊四醇、^,丨三(羥基甲基) 乙烷、nannose、山梨糖、半乳糖及其他糖類。較佳糖類包 括嚴糖、果糖及葡萄糖。特佳烷醇類為甲醇及乙醇。 醇量並不重要。通常,用量為欲羰基化之乙晞系不飽和 化合物之過量。因此,醇可作為反應溶劑,但必要時亦可 使用分離溶劑》 須知反應之端產物至少部分由所用含有羥基之化合物之 來源決定。若水用作含有羥基之化合物時,端產物則為對 應羧酸,而烷醇之使用產生對應酯。 埽系不飽和化合物最好包括超過一個碳-碳雙鍵,其中雙 86773 •17· 1322802 鍵被共輛或未被共輛。 二埽系不飽和化合物每分子具有⑴個碳-碳雙鍵,特別 是母分予僅具有1或2個碳_碳雙鍵,通常是每分子僅且 個碳-碳雙鍵。 在根據本發明之方法中…氧化碳可以純粹形式使用或 用惰性氣體如氮氣、二氧化碳或貴氣體如氬氣稀釋。小量 氫’通常低於5體積%亦可存在。 乙埽系不飽和化合物對含有經基之化合物之比例(體積/體 積)可在廣大限度間改變,適當範圍為1:〇H1G,較佳為 2:1至1:2之間,當含有羥基之化合物亦為反應溶劑時,最多 至含有幾基之化合物之大過量。 田用於乙締系不飽和化合物之羰基化方法之本發明觸媒之 Ϊ並不重要。當族VIII金屬之量範圍為每莫耳乙缔系不飽 和化合物較佳為1〇-7至10-1苴互 旲耳,更佳為1〇·6至10·2莫耳,最 佳為1〇-5至10-2莫耳時,可得良好結果。式&二配位基化合 物對不飽和化合物之量範園為每莫耳乙婦系不飽和化合物 車父佳為1〇-7至1〇-丨莫耳,更 文佳為1〇.6至10.2莫耳,最佳為1〇·5 至10·2莫耳。 對本發明雖非必要,但上述乙埽系不飽和化合物之觀基 化作用可在—種或多種非 非質子性溶劑内進行。適當溶劑包 括,類如己酮;謎類如苯甲趟(甲基苯基醚)、2,5…壬 燒(二甘醇二甲酸)、二乙趟、二甲鍵、四氫吱喃、二苯謎、 -丙酸及一-乙一醇I 一曱酷類如酷酸曱醋、苯曱酸 二甲基戊二甲醋、酜酸二甲酉旨及丁内酉旨;醯胺類如二甲基 86773 • 18- 1322802 醋酸酿胺、N-曱基吡咯烷酮及二甲基甲醯胺;亞颯類及戚 類如二甲基亞砜、二異丙基楓、環丁砜(四氫噻吩_2,2_二氧 化物)、2-曱基環丁颯、二乙基颯、四氫p塞吩-丨,丨_二氧化物 及2-甲基-4-乙基颯;芳香族化合物,包括該化合物之鹵基 變體如苯、甲苯、乙基苯鄰二甲苯、間二甲苯、對二甲苯、 氣苯、鄰二氣苯、間二氯苯;鏈烷類,包括該化合物之鹵 基變體如己烷、庚烷、2,2,3-三甲基戊烷、二氣甲烷及四氯 化碳;腈類如笨甲腈及乙腈。 具有介電質常數低於50之值,更佳為3至8,在298.15 K 及1X105 Nm·2之非質子性溶劑最適合。在本文中,指定溶劑 之介電質常數係以代表具有該物質作為介電質之冷凝器之 能力對具有介電質真空之相同冷凝器之能力之比例之正常 意義使用《對共同有機液體之介電質常數之值可發現於一 肩又參考書中,如 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,76th 6(1出〇11’〇&乂丨(1尺.1^<16等人編輯,匚11€卩1638於1995刊印,通 常引述溫度約20。〇或25<5(:,即,約293.15 1!:或298.15 1!:,大 氣壓力,即’約lxl05 Nm·2,或可使用引述之轉化因數輕易 轉化成該溫度及壓力。若對特定化合物無文件數據可得時, 介電質常數可使用成立的物理-化學方法容易測定。 例如,苯曱醚之介電質常數為4.3(在294.2 K)、二乙_為 4.3(在293.2 K)、砜為43.4(在3 03.2 K)、戊酸甲酯為5〇(在 293.2 K)、.二苯醚為3.7(在283.2 K)、戊二酸二甲酯為6 8(在 293.2 K)、四氫呋喃為7.5(在295.2 K)、壬酸甲酯為3 9(在 293·2 K)。較佳溶劑為苯曱醚。 86773 -19-
丄JZZOUZ 若含有羥基之化合物為烷醇眭 , 畔時非貝子性溶劑會藉反應 產生因為乙缔系不飽和化入札 η物、一虱化碳及烷醇之酯羰 基化產物為非質子性溶劑。 此法可在過量非質子性溶劑内,即,在非質子性溶劑對 含有趟基之化合物之比例(ν/ν)為至少1:1實施。此比例範園 較佳為1 :1至1 0: J,更佳盏1 , m至5:1。此比例(ν/ν)範圍最佳 為 1.5:1 至 3 :1。 不論上述如何,反應最好在任何外加非質子性溶劑,即, 未由反應本身產生之非質子性溶劑不存在下實施。 本發明之觸媒化合物可作為,,雜相”觸媒或"均相,·觸媒。 術語”均相,,觸媒意指一種觸媒,艮Ρ,本發明之化合物, 其未被負載而僅與羰基化反應之反應物(例如,醋酸乙締醋 化合物、含有㈣之化合物及—氧化旬較佳於上述適當溶 劑内摻合或就地形成。 術語"雜相"觸媒意指一種觸媒,即,本發明之化合物, 其被負載在載體上。 因此,根據另一態樣,本發明提供一種上述乙埽系不飽 和化合物之羰基化作用之方法,其中該法係用包含載體, 較佳為不溶性載體之觸媒實施。 載體最好包含一種聚合物如聚晞烴、聚苯乙婦或聚苯乙 烯共永合物如二乙烯苯共聚合物或其他聚合物或熟習此技 藝者已知之共聚合物;一種矽衍生物如官能化矽石、矽酮 或矽酮橡膠’·或其他微孔狀物質如無機氧化物及無機氯化 物。 86773 -20- 丄 載體物質最好是多孔石夕,其具有表面積範圍為10至700 m /g i部孔體積範圍為Q」至4 Q 及平均粒子大小範圍 為1〇至5〇〇心。更佳的是,表面積範圍為50至500 m2/g’ 孔體積,園為0.5至2.5 cc/g&平均粒子大小範圍為2〇至2〇〇 Μ。最佳的是’表面積範園為⑽至400 mVg,孔體積範 圍為0.8至3.0 cc/0平均粒子大小範圍為3〇至1〇〇^。典 型多孔載體物質之平均孔大小範圍為1〇至则埃。使用之 載體較佳具有平均孔徑為50至5〇〇埃,最佳為75至350埃。 最好是在溫度為100。(:至8〇〇。(:下將矽石脫水3至24小時。 1載把取好為撓性或為—種剛性載體,不溶性載體係藉熟 :此技藝考已知之技術用本發明方法之化合物塗佈及,或浸 /貝或者,本發明方法之化合物視需要藉由一共價鍵固定 至不溶性載體之表面’而配置視需要包括雙官能隔離物分 予以隔開化合物與不溶性載體。 本發明之化合物可藉促進存在於式j化合物内之官能基如 芳基部分之取代基K、D、U_存在於或事先插入載體内 (互補性反應基之反應而固定於不溶性載體之表面。載體 〈反應基與本發明化合物之互補性取代基之組合提供一種 雜相觸媒’其中本發明之化合物與載體藉由—連接物如駿、 酯、醯胺 '胺、脲、酮基連接。 連接本發明方法之化合物至載體之反應條件之選擇端視 «物(取代基及載體(基團而定。例士口,可使用試劑如 碳-亞胺、1,Γ_幾基二咪峻及方法如使用混合的纤、反應 86773 -21 - 丄322802 性胺化》 根據另一態樣,本發明提供觸媒接附至載體之本發明方 法的用途。 特佳者為當有機基 R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、r6、R7、R8、R9、 R 、R及R12與其各個碳原子缔合時形成複合物基,其至 少如第三丁基般會空間受阻。本文中之空間受阻敘述於i 4 頁et seq”均相過渡金屬催化作用-一種溫和技藝",c
Masters,Chapman and Hall 1981刊印。 此等空間基可為環狀、局部環狀或非環狀。當環狀或局 部%狀時’基團可經取代或未經取代或飽和或不飽和。環 狀或局部環狀基可包含,包括第三碳原子,q Cw,更佳為 ’取佳為Cw-Cu環狀結構之碳原子。環狀結構可藉一 個或多個選自函基、氰基、硝基、〇R1〇、〇C(〇)Rii、C(〇)Rl2、 SR18、C(0)SR18、 C(0)0R13、NR14R15、C(0)NR16R17、 C(S)NR16R”、芳基或Het之取代基所取代其中ri(^ru各 獨立表示氫、芳基或低碳烷基,及/或藉一個或多個氧或硫 原子或藉硬燒基或二燒基梦基中斷e 橋接基Ar為芳基部分,例如,苯j 苯基’其可視需要被取代,
基、二伸苯基或茚》
86773 -22- ⑶2802 -第三戊基膦基)鄭二甲苯(亦知為1>2.雙(二第三戊基麟基甲 基)—本)’及I,2雙(二·第三丁基膦基)莕。此外,二配位基騰 可藉由橋接基Ar、連接基纽連接基B中至少一個基鍵合至 適當聚合基材。例如,雙(二·第三丁基騰基)鄰二甲苯可藉 由二甲苯基鍵合至聚苯乙婦以得固定雜相觸媒。 所用之二配位基配位體之量可在廣纟限度内改變。較佳 的是,二配位基配位體呈現之量可使呈現之二配位基配位 體之莫耳數對呈現之族彻金屬之莫耳數為U5〇,例如, 1至1〇,特別是1至5莫耳/莫耳金屬。更佳的是,式〗之化人 物對族vmB金屬之莫耳:莫耳範圍為1:1至3:1,最佳為丨 1.25 1。因此,應用此等低莫耳比例之可能性有利,因為其 可避免使用過量式I之化合物而使此等通常昂貴之化合物之 消耗降至最低。本發明之觸媒在其就地用於乙浠系不飽和 化合物之羰基化反應以前,最好以分離步驟製備。 有利的是,本發明之方法可藉溶解上述族VIIIB金屬或其 化合物於適當溶劑如含有羥基之化合物或前述非質子性溶 劑之一内(特佳溶劑為特定羰基化反應之酯或酸產物如丙酸 甲酿供乙埽窥基化作用),隨後與上述定義之式j化合物捧合 而實施。 一氧化碳可在其他在反應中惰性之氣體存在下使用。該 氣體之例包括氫氣、氮氣、二氧化碳及貴氣體如氬氣。 可與式I化合物组合之適當族VIIIB金屬或其化合物包括 鈷、鎳、鈀、鍺及鉑。族VIIIB金屬最好是鈀或其化合物。 該族VIII金屬之適當化合物包括該金屬之鹽或化合物,包 86773 -23- 1322802 含弱配位陰離子’衍生自硝紅;硫酸;低碳鍵燒(最多Cu) 酸如醋酸及丙酸;磺酸如甲烷磺酸、氯磺酸、氟續酸、三 氟甲烷磺酸、苯磺酸、萘磺酸、甲苯磺酸,如對甲苯磺酸、 第三丁基磺酸、及2-羥基丙烷磺酸;磺酸化離子交換樹脂; 全函故如全乳酸’齒化幾奴如三氯醋酸及三氟醋酸;正鱗 酸;磷酸如苯磷酸;及自劉易士酸及布隆恩斯特(Br〇ensted) 酸間之交互作用衍生之酸。可提供適當陰離子之其他來源 包括視需要卣化的硼酸四苯酯衍生物如硼酸全氟四苯酯。 此外,亦可使用零價鈀錯合物,特別是該等具有不穩定配 位體者,例如,三苯膦或鏈埽類如二伸芊丙酮或笨乙晞或 三(二伸苄丙酮)銥。 陰離子可衍生自或導入作為一種或多種酸,具有在18。〇 下水洛液内測定之pKa為低於4,更佳為低於3,不會干擾反 應(陽離子之鹽,例如’金屬鹽或大型有機鹽如烷基銨, 及前驅體如酯,其可在反應條件下破裂以就地產生陰離子。 適當酸及鹽,&了未經取代的羧酸以外,包括上述列示之 酸及鹽。 王現疋陰離子之量對觸媒系統之催化作用並不重要。陰 離子對麵之莫耳比可為跑_:1,較佳為2:1至丨㈣,^ 佳為3:1至30:1。當陰離子由酸與鹽之組合提供時,酸與鹽 、相 ί比例則不重要。如上所述’本發明之觸媒系統可以 均相或雜相方式使用。觸媒系統最好以均相方式使用。 本發明《觸媒系統最好呈液相構成,其可藉一種或多種 反應物或使用適當溶劑形成。 86773 • 24 - 1322802 反應中所用之乙埽系、不飽和化合物之量對含有幾基之化 口物之莫耳比並不重要而可在廣大限度如㈣μ至 100:1莫耳/莫耳之間改變。 反應之產物可藉任何適當手段自其他成分分離。然而, 本發明〈一優點在於’可形成明顯少的副產物,藉此降低 在產物之最初分離後進一步純化的需要,如由一般明顯較 高選擇率及直線性所證實。另一優點在於,包含觸媒系統 <其他成分在進一步反應中可用最少供應之新鮮觸媒再循 環及/或再利用。 羰基化作用較佳在溫度為_10。<:至45。(:之間,更佳在溫度 為0 C至40 c之間,最佳在溫度為5 °c至3 5 〇c之間實施。所 選之特佳溫度為20eC至30eC之間。羰基化作用可在中間溫 度下有利地實施,特別有利的是可在室溫下實施反應。 緩基化作用較佳在CO分壓為低於15xl〇5 N.m.2,更佳為低 於5x105 N.m·2實施。特佳者為大氣壓力或0.80-1.20xl〇5 N.m'2 ° 反應可在任何乙婦系不飽和化合物包括乙烯上實施,但 無使用乙缔之直線性優點。因此,反應較佳適於C3_c2〇化合 物’更佳適於C3-C1S化合物’最佳適於C3-C12化合物。本發 明特別適合較長鏈烯如(:4-(:2。,更佳為c4_ci8;最佳為c4_CQ 化合物。 該方法可在具有2個或多個碳原子如C2-C2Q原子或c3-c 原子或C^-Cm原子之乙婦系不飽和化合物上實施。該化合物 之碳原子之替代上限範圍在增加的優先順序方面可採取為 86773 -25- 1322802 C18或C15或C12。任何上述範圍之乙缔系不飽和化合物之碳 原子之替代下限範圍在增加的優先順序方面可為c4、c5或 C6。乙埽系不飽和化合物最好是每分子具有ι,2或3個或多 個碳-碳雙鍵之鏈晞。 任何該鏈烯可經取代或未經取代。適當取代基包括c18烷 基及芳基*除非另予指明,當具有充分數目之碳原子 時’乙晞系不飽和化合物可為直線或分支、經取代、環狀、 非環狀或局部壤狀/非環狀、及/或由一個或多個選自低碳燒 基、芳基、燒基芳基、Het、垸基Het、鹵基、〇R19、〇C(〇)R20、 C(0)R21、C(0)0R22、NR23R24、C(0)NR25R26、N02、CN、SR27 之取代基視需要取代或終端化,其中RI9至R27各獨立表示氫 或低碳燒基。如此取代之埽烴類包括苯乙烯及不飽和羧酸 之烷酯如甲基丙烯酸酯。乙埽系不飽和化合物最好顯示順 式(E)及反式(Z)異構現象。 適當乙烯系不飽和化合物之例可獨立選自乙烯、丙烯、^ 丁烯、2-丁缔、異丁烯、丨_戊晞、2戊晞、3_戊烯及其分支 異構物、1-己烯及其異構物、丨_庚烯及其異構物 '卜辛烯及 其異構物、1-壬烯及其異構物、癸烯及其異構物、Ch — Cm 鏈烯及其已知異構物、3_戊烯腈、甲基_3_戊酸酯、i,3丁二 烯、1’3-戊二烯、1>3己二埽、丨,3環己二烯、2,4_庚二烯、2_ 甲基1,3-丁二晞。 使用具有觸媒系統之穩定性化合物在改良以自觸媒系統 失去之金屬的回收方面亦有矛卜當觸媒系統用於液態反應 介質時,該穩定性化合物有助於族VUvmB金屬之回收。 86773 -26 - 1322802 因此,觸媒系統在液態反應介質内最好包含溶解於液態 載體内之聚合分散物,該聚合分散物可穩定化族VI或VIIIB 金屬或觸媒系統之金屬化合物之粒子在液態載體内之膠態 懸浮液。 液態反應介質可為溶劑供反應用,或可包含一種或多種 反應物或反應產物本身。液體形式之反應物及反應產物可 與溶劑或液態稀釋劑混溶或溶解於其中》 聚合分散物可溶於液態反應介質内,但不應該以損害反 應動力或熱轉移之方式明顯增加反應介質之黏度。在溫度 與壓力之反應條件下,分散物於液態介質内之溶解度不應 太大而顯著妨礙分散物分子在金屬粒子上之吸附。 聚合分散物可穩定化該族VI或VIIIB金屬或金屬化合物之 粒子在液態反應介質内之膠態懸浮液,使觸媒降解形成之 金屬粒子保持在液態反應介質内之懸浮液中並連同再生用 之液體自反應器排出並視需要在製造進一步觸媒量時供再 利用。金屬粒子通常為膠態尺寸’例如,範圍為5_丨〇〇 nm 平均粒子大小,但在有些情況下較大粒子會形成。部分聚 合分散物吸附在金屬粒子之表面上,而分散物分子之其餘 部分藉由液態反應介質仍然至少局部溶劑化,且以此方式 分散的族VI或VIIIB金屬粒子會穩定化而不會沉降在反應器 之壁上或反應器之死角内,且不會形成金屬粒子之附聚物, 其曰因粒子之撞擊生長而最後凝結。粒子之某些附聚甚至 在適當分散劑之存在下亦會發生,但當分散劑類型及濃度 被最適化時,該附聚應在相當低準位而附聚物僅會鬆弛地 86773 •27- 1322802 开v成,使得其會破裂而粒子藉由揽拌可再分散。 聚合分散劑可包括均聚合物或共聚合物,包括聚合物如 接枝共聚合物及星狀聚合物。
Ic合分散劑最好具有充分酸性或鹼性官能度以實質上穩 疋化該族VI或VIIIB金屬或金屬化合物之膠態懸浮液。 實質上穩疋化意指實質上可避免族VI或VIIIB金屬自溶液 相之沉澱。 為此目的之特佳分散劑包括酸性或鹼性聚合物,包括羧 馱、%酸、胺及醯胺如聚丙晞酸酯或雜環,特別是氮雜環、 、’二取代聚乙埽聚合物如聚乙婦吡咯烷酮或上述共聚合物。 該聚合分散劑之例可選自聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙缔醯胺、 聚丙晞腈、聚乙烯亞胺、聚甘胺酸、聚丙婦酸、聚甲基丙 烯酸、聚羥基丁酸)、聚-L-亮胺酸、聚_L-甲硫胺酸、聚_ L-脯胺酸、聚_L-絲胺酸、聚_L_酪胺酸、聚(乙埽苯磺酸)及 聚(乙締續酸)。 聚合分散劑最好併入酸性或鹼性部分下垂物或在聚合物 脊柱内。酸性部分具有解離常數(pKJ較佳為低於6 〇,更佳 為低於5. 〇 ’最佳為低於4 5。鹼性部分具有基本解離常數(ρΚ〇 較佳為低於6.〇,更佳為低於5.0,最佳為低於4.5,PKa&pKb 係在25 C下於稀釋水溶液内測定。 週當聚合分散劑,除了在反應條件下溶於反應介質以外, 含有至少一個酸性或鹼性部分在聚合物脊柱内或作為下垂 基β頃發現併入酸及醯胺部分之聚合物如聚乙埽吡咯烷酮 (PVP)及聚丙缔酸酯如聚丙缔酸(ΡΑΑ)特別適合。適用於本 86773 •28· 1322802 發明之聚合物之分子量端視反應介質之性質及聚合物於其 内之溶解度而定。頃發現平均分子量通常為低於1〇〇,〇〇〇。 平均分子量範圍較佳為1000-200 000,更佳為5 〇〇〇_ 100,000,最佳為10,_-40,_,例如,當使用pvp時,Mw 較佳為 H),000-80,000,更佳為 20,〇〇〇_6〇 〇〇〇,在 pAA情況下, 約為 1,000-10,000。 對欲使用之各反應/觸媒系統應測定分散劑在反應介質内 之有效濃度。 分散的族VI或VIIIB金屬可自例如藉由過濾自反應器除去 之液流回收,然後處理或加工供再利用作為觸媒或其他應 用。在一連續法中,液流可透過外部熱交換器循環,在該 情況下其可有利於定位過濾器供此等循環裝置内之鈀粒 子。 聚合物:金屬質量比(g/g)較佳為1:1與1000:1之間,更佳為 1:1與400:1之間,最佳為1:1與2〇〇:1之間。聚合物:金屬質量 比(g/g)較佳為最多1〇〇〇,更佳為最多4〇〇,最佳為最多2〇〇。 以下實例進一步例示本發明。 在實例中,各種線性酿類係使用甲醇作為經基源自一氧 化碳及適當鏈烷製備。 所有試驗在真空_氬氣Schlenk線内使用乾燥脫氣Schlenk 玻璃器皿實施。 辛晞經分子篩乾燥並用氬氣起泡脫氣。丨·十二碳晞 (drich么司)係藉蒸館純化。甲醇與氘化的甲醇(Aidrich公 司)係經分子篩乾燥。甲苯係自二苯酮基鈉蒸餾。苯甲醚 86773 -29· 1322802 (Aldrich公司)未被乾燥,但其透過注射器藉由 * β風虱起泡脫 氣。存放1,2-雙(二-第三丁基膦基)二甲 1 ^ (Lucite
International公司)且由於其空氣過敏性質,在 丹相内處 理。參(二伸辛丙酮(Aldrich公司)用作金屬 前驅體且其可在空氣中秤重,因為其穩定。 氣體色譜法分析係在裝設火焰離子化檢測器供定量分析 之Hewlett-Packard 5890系列氣體色譜及供定量分析之 Hewlett-Packard 5890系列質量選擇性檢測器上實施。 當基材為丁二烯時,溶液製備不同。由於丁二缔為揮發 性液體,其更難操縱。其被凝縮入冷卻於液態氮之帶刻度
Schlenk管内,然後轉移至冷卻於丙酮_乾燥冰浴内之熱^ 器。 ’’’、 含有甲苯之催化溶液於乾燥脫氣Schlenk管内製備,然後 轉移至熱壓器。 催化溶液製備如下。 將Pd2(dba)3及u-雙(二·第三丁基騰基)二甲苯加入工具箱 内之Schlenk管。然後’用注射器加入甲醇(通常1〇立方公 分)’溶液用加熱槍加溫以溶解所有固體。一旦冷卻管,加 甲燒續酸(MSA)。在各種一 於乾燥脫氣燒瓶内進行實 入援激化之基材(2立方公分)及 氧化碳之分壓及在各種溫度下 驗。然後,-氧化碳通常透過溶液用針起^在大部分情 泥下’僅使用甲醇作為溶劑而無甲苯進行反應時,鱗配位 體在催化溶液後加人,因為其不溶於溶劑内。’然而,當加 溫溶液時,膦配位體可溶解於甲酵内。 86773 •30· 1322802 所用熱壓器係由不鏽鋼或鎳基合金製成。其用酸、水及 丙明連續清潔並於爐内乾燥β用磁性攪拌器將玻璃襯墊導 入其内側。整個系統用一氧化碳沖洗三次,然後放置於適 當溫度。然後,系統保持在反應溫度下歷3與丨〇小時之間, 然後於空氣中冷卻《所得黃色溶液係藉gC_ms分析。 所進行的實驗顯示於表1及2。免化合物、配位體、MS A 及基材之量以毫莫耳表示。溶劑以毫升表示。RT表示室溫, 即’ 20°C。百分比轉化率為由反應轉化之基材量之表示而 選擇率為對線性幾基化產物之選擇率之測定。1: b為該羰基 化產物之線性:分支比率。 全部體積為MeOH之體積+基材之體積(除非另予指明)。 麵源為Pdjdba)。實例1及2使用4xl0_5莫耳Pd、配位體:“之 3:1及酸:鈀之1〇:1比率。在實例3,4及5中,使用45 7毫克 Pd(dba)。實例3使用10:1配位體:Pd比率。實例4及5在5:1配 位體:Pd比率下進行。實例6使用4xl〇-5莫耳Pd、配位體:pd 之3:1及酸:免之6.3:1比率。實例7-10係用73.7毫克?(1((11^)、 3:1之配位體:鈀及ι〇:1之酸:鈀進行◊實例u_26係用45 7毫 克Pd(dba)、5:1之配位體:鈀及10:1之酸:鈀比率進行。基材 以毫莫耳顯示。體積之其餘部分係由曱醇溶劑構成。基材 與溫度可改變。 86773 -31- 表1
效。在比較例5中,當苯甲醚導入作為非質子性溶劑時,選 擇率通常在中度準位下’然而,如實例7所示,當反應在室 溫及1巴壓力下進行而不使用加入的非質子性溶劑時,可得 改良選擇率及線性:分支比率。此外,如實例8所示,用2_辛 缔可得類似高選擇率及線性:分支比率,但由於3小時後低百 分比轉化率為29.2,反應之速率較緩慢。對有關丨_十二碳婦 之實例9,類似情況應用。除了壓力升至3〇巴以外,實例ι〇 重複實例7之程序。須知此具有在3小時後降低反應速率至 50%轉化率之功效,亦可顯著降低線性:分支比率。 表2顯示其他實例h_26。實例11-13係關於丨_辛埽但在可變 恤度為0、10及-30 °C下進行之相同實驗。自此等實驗可知降 86773 -32- 1322802 低反應之溫度會減少反應速率,因而降低3小時後之百分比 轉化率。然而’選擇率及線性;分支比率在該溫度下持續顯 示改良。在實例14-16中,關於1-十二碳烯及分別在室溫、1〇 及0 C的溫度下進行類似系列的實驗。又在所有三種溫度下 發現優異選擇率而在〇。〇下發現最高線性:分支比率^在實例 17-19中對於1-己錦·進行之相同實驗組顯示在3小時内之完全 轉化與100%選擇率及大於1 〇〇·· 1線性:分支比率。意料内的 是’鏈長度從己烯至十二碳烯之增加導致反應速率降低而可 能由於膦配位體提供之空間受阻性,但此不會影響製程之功 效。 實例20顯示即使1_十八碳烯在室溫下亦具有1〇〇%選擇率 及大於100線性:分支比率產物。實例2 1 _26顯示對分支鏈缔 之線性(1 -鏈烯之羧基化)結果,而除了實例24以外,顯示良 好選擇率。.實例24不同於實例21之處在於,一氧化碳通過溶 液而非透過溶液起泡。在此情況下,其顯示起始基材,假設 由於對一氧化碳之較低暴露速率,在羰基化以前具有充分時 間異構化。製程之壓力在表1&2中顯示為全部壓力,但此相 等於CO壓力。 因此’其結果顯示相反於先行技藝之教示,不需要增加溫 度或一氧化碳分壓來實施羰基化。事實上,實例例示在增加 溫度及壓力下發現不良選擇率及不良線性:分支比率,而在 本發明之溫度及壓力範圍内則發現極優異選擇率及線性分 支比率。 線性窥基化意指在提供羰基α對C1碳原子之丨_鏈埽而不需 86773 -33- 要^產物之不存在之幾基化,其中原料本身被分支。 、、所有又件同時或者先於本案 接受公開審查,所有該文件之内容皆以二二且與本說明書 ±n谷自以引例万式併入本女。 所摇"月書(包括包括所时請專利範園、發明摘要及附圖) 以任何組合方式組合,…至少若步驟可 組合為交互專用者。^至4干㈣性及/或步驟之 所:說明書(包括包括所附申請專利範園、發明摘要及附圖) 各特性,除非另予指明,亦可由提供相同、等效或 =似目的之替代性特性取代。因此,除非另予指明,所示之 特性僅為等效或類似特性之類屬系列之一例。 本發明不限於前述具體例之細節。本發明延伸至本說明書 (包括包括所附申請專利範圍、發明摘要及附請揭示之各 特性疋任何之一或新穎組合,或所揭示之任何方法或製程之 步驟之任何之一或新顆組合。 86773 34- 1322802 表2 實例 [Pd] (毫莫耳) [L] (毫莫耳) {MSA} (毫莫耳) 溶劑 基材 [基材]全部體積 (毫升)(毫升) t(h) P (巴) T(C) 轉化率選擇率 (%)(%) 1 : b 11 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-辛烯 2.0 12 3 1 0 28.9 99 98.6 M 12 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-辛烯 2.0 12 3 1 10 100 99 126 M 13 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1·辛烯 2.0 12 3 1 •30 1.27 100 >100 M 14 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-十二碳烯 2.0 12 3 1 RT 30.3 98 55.2 Me 15 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1·十二碳烯 2.0 12 3 1 10 26.6 99 89 Me 16 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1_十二碳烯 2.0 12 3 1 0 18.2 99 91 Me 17 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-己烯 2.0 12 3 1 RT 100 100 >100 Me 18 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-己烯 2.0 12 3 1 10 100 100 >100 Me 19 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-己烯 2.0 12 3 1 0 100 100 >100 Me 20 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 1-十八碳烯 2.0 12 3 1 RT 5.7 100 >100 21 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 2-甲基1-戊烯 (起泡) 1.20 11.2 3 1 RT 100 96 22 M 22 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 3·甲基1-戊烯 (起泡) 1.20 11.2 3 1 RT 100 100 >100 M 23 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 4·甲基1-戍烯 (起泡) 1.20 11.2 3 1 RT 100 99.4 16.6 M 24 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 2·甲基1-戊烯 (通過) 1.20 11.2 3 1 RT 100 89 8.1 M 25 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 2·甲基1-戊烯 (起泡) 1.20 11.2 3 1 RT 100 97 32 M 26 0.1 0.5 1.0 MeOH 4-甲基1-戊烯 1.20 11.2 3 1 RT 100 100 >100 M (起泡) 86773 -35-
Claims (1)
1322802 92120693號專利申請案 申請專利範圍替換本(98年8 ^拾、申請專利範圍: ϋ^ΓΟ- 曰修正本 種C3-C2〇乙稀糸不飽和化合物裁基化之方法,該方法包 括在羥基源及觸媒系統存在下將該C3_C20乙烯系不飽和化 合物與一氧化碳反應,觸媒系統可藉組合下列獲得: (a) 族VIII之金屬或其化合物;及 (b) 通式(I)之二配位基膦、胂或脎:
其中: Ar為一種橋接基團,其包含視需要取代的芳基部分,且 碳、砷或銻原子係連接至芳基部分之可用的鄰接碳原子上; A與B各獨立表示低碳伸烷基; K、D、E及Z為芳基部分(Ar)之取代基,且各獨立表示氫、 低碳院基 '芳基' Het'鹵基、氰基、硝基、〇Ri9、〇c(〇)r20、 C(0)R21、C(〇)〇R22、NR23R24、c(〇)Nr25r26、c(s)r25r26、 SR27、C(0)SR27、或-J-q3(cr"(r14)(r15))cr16(r1、r18), 其中J表示低碳伸烷基;或選自K、Z、D及E之二個鄰接基 團與接附之芳基環之碳原子一起形成另一個苯基環,其視 需要由一或多個選自氫、低碳烷基、鹵基、氰基、硝基、 OR19、OC(〇)R20、C(0)R21、c(〇)〇r22 ' Nr23r24、 C(0)NR25R26、c(s)r25r26、sR”或 c(0)SR”之取代基所 86773-980810.doc 1322802 代; R至R8各獨立表示低;5炭烧基、芳基或Het; R至R各獨立表示氫、低;ε炭烧基、芳基或Het ; 其中芳基當用於本文時,包括6 -至10-員碳環狀芳香族 基,除了 K、D、E或Z以外,該等基視需要經一個或多個 選自芳基、低碳院基、Het、鹵基、氰基、硝基、〇Ri9、 0C(0)R20、C(〇)R2丨、c(0)OR22、NR23R24、c(〇)NR25R26、 SR27、C(0)SR27 或 C(S)NR25R26之取代基取代,其中 RiW7 各獨立表示氫、芳基或低碳烷基; 其中Het當用於本文時,包括4_至12_員環系統,該等環 含有一個或多個選自氮、氧、硫之雜原子及其混合物,且 該等環視需要含有一個或多個雙鍵或視需要為非芳香 族、局部芳香族或全部芳香族、單環、雙環或熔合性,及 視需要經一個或多個選自鹵基、氰基、硝基、氧基、低碳 烷基、OR19、〇C(〇)R2。、C(0)R21、C(0)0R22、NR23R24、 c(o)nr25r26、SR27、c(〇)sr27 或 c⑻nr25r26 之取代基取 代,其中R19至R27各獨立表示氫、芳基或低碳烷基,其中 在Het之取代可在Het環之碳原子或,適當時,在一個或多 個雜原子上’且其中Het亦可呈現N氧化物之形式; Q1、Q2及Q3(當存在時)各獨立表示磷、砷或銻; 其中幾基化反應係在溫度為_3〇。〇至49〇c間及C〇分壓為 低於30xl05N.m·2下實施。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中…至尺,8各獨立表示A 至C0烷基、(^至(:6烷基苯基(其中笨基視需要被取代,如本 86773-9808 丨〇.doc 丄似802 文所定義)或苯基(其中苯基視需要被取代,如本文所定 義)。 3.如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中R1至R1S各獨立表示 未經取代的C|至C6烧基’如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、 正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、己基及環己基。 4·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中各基111至113、…至 R6 ' R75.R9 ' R10jLR12 ' 至R15或R16至R18—起可獨立形 成環狀結構,如金剛烷基、1_冰片基或丨_冰片二烯基。 5.如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中各表示如上 定義之相同低碳烷基、芳基或Het部分。 6_如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中…至!^8各表示甲 基。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中Ql、Q2及q3(當存在 時)各表示碟。 8. 如申請專利範圍第丨或2項之方法,其中在式χ之化合物中, A、Β及J(當存在時)各獨立表示(^至匕伸烷基,其如上述視 需要取代。
示之低碳伸烷基為-CH2·或-c2h4·。
11_如申請專利範圍第i或2項之方法,其t當κ、D、£及Z中 -一起形成苯基環時,苯基 低碳烧基(該烧基本身可視 二個與所接附之芳基環之碳原子 環視需要經一或多個選自芳基、^ 86773-980810.doc 而要被如下定義之取代或終端化)、Het、鹵基、氰基、硝 基 0R、〇C(0)R20、c(〇)R21、c(0)0R22、NR23R24、 /、中R至R27各獨立表示氫或低碳烷基(該烷基本身可視 需要被如下定義之取代或終端化)。 12. 如申°月專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該經基源包含水或 具有羥基官能基之有機分子。 13. 如:請專利範圍第咖之方法,其中具有經基官能基之有 機刀子可為分支或線性,並包含烷醇,包含芳基烷醇,其 可視"^要如上述經—或多個選自低碳烧基、芳基、Het、函 基 ^氰基、硝基、ORi9、〇c(〇)r2。、c(〇)r21、c(〇)〇r22 NR R、C(〇)Nr25r26、c(s)r25r26、此27或[⑼sr27之取 代基取代。 14. 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其t烧醇是Cl-C3。院醇。 15. 如申請專利冑圍第15戈2項之方法,其中本文定義之c3_c2。 乙晞系不飽和化合物之缴基化作用可在一或多種非質子性 溶劑内進行。 K如申請專利範圍第lsil2項之方法,其中反應係在任何外加 非質子性溶劑,即,未由反應本身產生之非質子性溶劑不 存在下實施。 Π·如申請專利範圍第丨或2項之方法,其中該方法剌包含載 體之觸媒實施。 18.如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其中載體物質是多孔石夕, 其具有表面積範圍為1〇M〇0m2/g ’全部孔體積範圍為Ο」 86773-980810.doc 至4.0 CC/g及平均粒子大小範圍為1〇至5〇卟爪。 19. 如申請專利範圍第_項之方法,其中為當有機基r1r2、 R3、H4、R5、R6、R7、R8、r9、r10、r1^r12 與其各個碳 原子締合時形成複合物基,其至少如第三丁基般會空間受 阻。 20. 如申請專利範圍第旧之方法,其中二配位基配位體係選自 雙(二-第三丁基膦基)鄰二甲笨(亦知為丨,2•雙(二-第三丁基 膦基甲基)笨)’丨,2-雙(二金剛烷基膦基甲基)苯;1,2-雙(二 金剛烷基膦基甲基)茶;丨,2-雙(二-第三戊基膦基)鄰二甲苯 (亦知為1,2-雙(二·第三戊基膦基甲基)苯);及丨,2-雙(二-第 三丁基膦基)莕。 21. 如申請專利範圍第丨或2項之方法,其中可與式〗化合物組合 之適當族vmB金屬或其化合物包含鈷、鎳、鈀、铑及鉑。 22. 如申清專利範圍第2〇項之方法,其中該族νιπ金屬之適當 化&物包括:該金屬之鹽或化合物,包含弱配位陰離子,衍 生自硝酸;硫酸;低碳鏈烷(最多Ci2)酸如醋酸及丙酸;磺 酸如甲烷磺酸、氯磺酸、氟磺酸' 三氟甲烷磺酸、苯磺酸、 莕磺酸、甲苯磺酸,如對曱苯磺酸、第三丁基磺酸、及2_ 羥基丙烷磺酸;磺酸化離子交換樹脂;全_酸如全氣酸; 鹵化羧酸如三氣醋酸及三氟醋酸;正磷酸;磷酸如苯磷酸; 及自刻易士(Lewis)酸及Broensted酸間之交互作用衍生之 酸,視需要鹵化的硼酸四苯酯衍生物;零價鈀錯合物,特 別是該等具有不穩定配位體者;或三(二伸苄丙酮)二鈀。 23. 如申凊專利範圍第21項之方法,其中該陰離子可衍生自或 86773-980810.doc 1322802 導入作為一或多種酸,具有在18°C下水溶液内測定之pKa 為低於4。 4 24.如申請專利範圍第1、2、20或22項之方法,其中幾基化作 '用係在溫度為-10至45。(:之間實施。 25_如申請專利範圍第i、2、20或22項之方法,其中叛基化作 用係在CO分壓為低於i5xl〇5 N.m·2實施。 26.如申請專利範圍第i、2、2〇或22項之方法,其中該C3_c2〇 乙烯系不飽和化合物為每分子具有丨、2或3或多個碳-碳雙 _ 鍵之鏈烯。 27.如申請專利範圍第1、2、20或22項 分數目之碳原子時,乙烯系不飽和化合物可為直線 或分支、經取代、環狀、非環狀或局部環狀/非環狀、及/ 或由一或多個選自低碳烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、ΗΜ、烷基 Het、i 基、OR' 〇c(〇)r2。、c(〇)r2,、c(〇)〇r22、nr23r24土、 C⑼NRH N〇2、CN、SR”之取代基視需絲代或終端 化,其中R至R27各獨立表示氫或低碳烧基。 见如申請專利範圍第^21或22項之方法,其中c c乙 稀t不飽和化合物可獨立選自丙稀、卜丁稀^丁3/異 丁稀、卜戊稀、2_戊烯、3_戊稀及其分支異構物q•己稀及 其異構物、i-庚烯及其異構物、辛婦及其異構物、卜壬 烯及其異構物、1-癸烯及其異構物、C Γ ,, 昱播物“ 苒物Cll_c2。鏈烯及其已知 /、構物、3韻腈、甲基·3-戊酸酯Ί埽、13•戊二 :稀1。,3己二稀、u環己二稀、2,4·庚二稀、2·甲基^ 86773-980810.doc -6 ·
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WO2004103948A1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-02 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene |
US7767864B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2010-08-03 | Lucite International Uk Limited | Process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds |
GB0403592D0 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2004-03-24 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | A catalyst system |
GB0411951D0 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2004-06-30 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Carbonylation of ester |
GB0516556D0 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2005-09-21 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Improved catalyst system |
EA025600B1 (ru) | 2005-11-17 | 2017-01-30 | ЛУСАЙТ ИНТЕРНЕЙШНЛ Ю Кей ЛИМИТЕД | Способ карбонилирования этиленненасыщенных соединений, каталитическая система и бидентатный лиганд |
GB0607494D0 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2006-05-24 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Metal complexes |
GB2437930A (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-14 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Mixing apparatus |
WO2008065448A1 (en) | 2006-12-02 | 2008-06-05 | Lucite International Uk Limited | Novel carbonylation ligands and their use in the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds |
GB0625518D0 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-01-31 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Carbonylation of conjugated dienes |
GB0812297D0 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-08-13 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Novel carbonylation ligand sand thier use of in the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds |
GB201000078D0 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2010-02-17 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, novel carbonylation ligands and catalyst systems incorporatng such ligands |
DE102010002809A1 (de) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-11-17 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von linearen alpha,omega-Dicarbonsäurediestern |
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WO2017135897A1 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-10 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A catalyst for the carbonylation of alkenes |
CN111111775A (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 有机含膦聚合物载体负载的Rh基催化剂及其制备和应用 |
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US5103043A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1992-04-07 | Shell Oil Company | Carbonylation catalyst system |
KR0148012B1 (ko) * | 1989-03-03 | 1998-08-17 | 오노 알버어스 | 신규한 포스핀으로 구성되는 촉매시스템 및 이를 이용한 아세틸렌형 또는 올레핀형 불포화화합물의 카르보닐화방법 |
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