TWI269183B - Identity-based distributed computing for device resources - Google Patents
Identity-based distributed computing for device resources Download PDFInfo
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- TWI269183B TWI269183B TW092114076A TW92114076A TWI269183B TW I269183 B TWI269183 B TW I269183B TW 092114076 A TW092114076 A TW 092114076A TW 92114076 A TW92114076 A TW 92114076A TW I269183 B TWI269183 B TW I269183B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
- G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
- G06F9/5011—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/2866—Architectures; Arrangements
- H04L67/30—Profiles
- H04L67/303—Terminal profiles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/2866—Architectures; Arrangements
- H04L67/30—Profiles
- H04L67/306—User profiles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/51—Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
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- Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
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Description
1269183 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本^明廣義上關於電腦系統，且更特別是 源0 在早期個人電腦系統中，必須具有各種計算 來程式化應用程式，以便使應用程式能使用此等 如為了由一特定印表機列印，文書處理程式必須 列印至該印表機，而大體上是對各支援之印表機 動程式# 一選擇是，一印表機會附帶驅動程式 多數流仃之程式。使用者必須設置各程式以便通 是連接何種印表機至該個人電腦。 譬如微軟視窗（Micosoft Wind〇w(g))的現代操 提供開發程式一種使應用程式與此裝置產生介面 而無須顧及該特定裝置驅動程式之需要與需求。 用微軟視窗時，使用者或裝置會告知該操作系統 印表機（或印表機等），之後任~應用矛呈式將可以 作系統而與該印表機驅動程式通信。，吉果，為達 應用程《大體上只須、處理1由操作系统提供之 印功能。此種抽取的报大好處是無法保守地估計 此抽取可使得成千種軟體程式中之任一者均能夠 印表機及/或其他裝置互動，而該程式無須事先· 支援）有關該印表機之細節。 於電腦資 裝置知識 裝置。例 了解如何 提供一驅 提供予大 知該程式 作系統會 之方式， 例如，使 所連接之 經由該操 成列印， 標準化列 ，例如， 與成千種 Γ解（或者 1269183 微軟公司之.NET技術提供對有關一使用者或公司 料大致類似之抽取型式。一般而言，由於ΝΕτ技術， 何裝置上具有.NET能力之程式可經由集中式綱要服務 使用者之貧料互動。由於系統化，程式無須有關該資料 節之特定知識（例如，何者通常是以專用檔案格式儲存） 而只需能處理（讀與寫）依據一或多數綱要所格式化的 料。 由於.NET技術，使用者（或其他實體）之身份會控制 中維護式資料之存取，例如使用者可使用NET信件匿 務以保持其電子郵件資料集中儲存（在如網際網路或内 網路上），而後可在任何時間從任何能夠連接至網際網路 内部網路，且具有一能夠與·NET信件匡服務互動之程 的裝置，經由該.NET信件匣服務存取。使用者之身份係 以安全地將使用者與適當資料匹配在一起。使用者也可 制地容許由其他使用者存取資料，例如，一使用者可根 他者之身份，選擇性地將某些商業合約資訊提供商業夥 使用、將個人合約資訊提供予朋友使用等等。 在.NET可如此提供以資料為基礎之極大利益予使 者 '公司與其他實體的同時，集中式服務與集中式資料 不特別關注於使用者如何使用各種裝置與該等裝置之 源。例如，如個人電腦與口袋式個人電腦之裝置有時可 他者直接同步。在某些範圍内，· NET技術是使此資料同 化（雖然間接地）而無須特定及專用同步化程式之另一 式。 之 任 與 細 資 集 服 部 或 式 用 控 據 伴 用 並 資 與 步 方 1269183 然而，一使用者即使具有.NET也报難使用一裝置以存 取另一裝置之資源，譬如由另一裝置使用一裝置之計算能 力、儲存、頻寬、輸入與輸出機制、程式及/或其他資源， 例如在較有能力之裝置上施行一複雜或較適合之工作。因 此所需要的是一般性、一致的方式以便在遠端發現且將各 種計算裝置之計算資源提供予其他者供資源交互使用。 【發明内容】 簡言之，本發明揭示一種用於發現與描述可用在各種 有關身份認證之計算裝置的計算資源，且用於提供此等資 源作為可由軟體程式定址之服務的系統與方法，使得在該 裝置上之程式可利用其他裝置之資源。該裝置服務是以身 份認證為基礎，其中裝置所有者之裝置發現彼此及/或其他 裝置可由使用者根據該所有者或其他使用者之身份存取。 再者，裝置所有者（或管理者）可根據身份控制那些其他使 用者及/或其他裝置可使用各所有裝置之資源，及可至何程 度。 計算資源可包括（例如）該裝置之儲存容量、頻寬、處 理能力（如CPU與RAM能力）、輪入機構與方法、描繪與 其他輪出機構與方法（如螢幕、印表機及音響）及程式。如 此一裝置可被抽取至其資源中，隨後可從其他裝置以可組 σ方式程式化地定址（如，遠端裝置可以由包含在該資源較 大之疋義内之較小型資源組合之方式加以定義）。換句話 說’對於加入智慧型分散式計算模式之裝置，各加入裝置 7 1269183 之各種特點會被抽取且使其他裝置可程式化地加以定址。 . 統一身份認證機制可發現在該裝置上之遠端資源清單。一 組一或多數之綱要一致地描述在裝置上之遠端資源，且統 一保全模式容許該裝置之使用者控制何者已存取該資源且 至何範圍。 由於本發明，使得用於許多範例情況且符合需求之計 算解決方案可行，包括一組使用者裝置與一或多數遠端計 算裝置即時互動之即時情況，及一組由使用者明顯與自動 地操作之排程或預測情況。 鲁 其他優勢請參考以下結合附圖之詳細說明後將可明 瞭0 【實施方式】 代表性搡作環境
第1 A圖示範使本發明得以實現之適當計算系統環境 1 00之範例。計算系統環境1 00僅是適當計算環境的一範 例，而不希望對本發明之使用與功能性的範疇有所限制。 同時計算系統環境1 00也不應被解讀為對於代表性操作環 境1 00中所示範之組件具有從屬性或必需性。 本發明可與使多個其他通用或特定目的之計算系統環 境或組態一起操作。習知計算系統、環境及/或組態之實例 均可適用於本發明，包括但不限於：個人電腦、伺服器電 腦、手持或膝上型裝置、圖形輸入板裝置、多重微處理器 系統、視訊轉接器、可程式消費者電子裝置、網路P C、迷 8 1269183 你型電腦、主機型電腦、包括上述任合系統或裝置之分散 式電腦環境與其類似物。
本發明可在由電腦所執行之電腦可執行指令（譬如程 式模組）中之一般上下文中加以描述。大體上，程式模組包 括執行特定工作或實施特定抽取資料型式之常式、程式、 物件、組件、資料結構等等。本發明也可實現於工作係藉 由經一通信網路連結之遠端處理裝置施行的分散式計算環 境。在一分散式計算環境中，程式模組可位於包括記憶體 儲存裝置之區域與遠端電腦儲存媒體中。
請參考第1A圖，用以實施本發明的一代表性系統包 括如電腦1 1 0型式之一通用型計算裝置。電腦1 1 0之組件 可包括（但不限於）一處理單元 1 20、一系統記憶體 1 3 0及 一將包括系統記憶體之各種系統組件耦合至處理單元 1 2 0 之系統匯流排1 2 1。系統匯流排1 2 1可為數種型式匯流排 結構中任一種，包括一記憶體匯流排或記憶體控制器、一 周邊匯流排與一使用任何一種匯流排結構之區域匯流排。 以實例說明而非限制，此架構包括工業標準架構（IS A)匯流 排、微通道架構（MCA)匯流排、增強工業標準架構（EISA) 匯流排、視頻電子標準協會（VESA)區域匯流排、與週邊組 件内部連線（P CI)匯流排（亦稱為M e z z a n i n e匯流排）。請注 意在電腦1 1 0中所示之之任何或所有元件均可藉由標準高 速電腦網路彼此連接，包括分散在廣闊之地理區内。例如， 系統記憶體1 3 0可位於一實際上與處理單元1 2 0不同之位 置，但定義上仍構成一邏輯上之電腦1 1 0。 9 1269183 電腦11 0通常包括各種電腦可讀媒體。電腦可讀媒體 可為能由電腦11 0存取之任何可用媒體，且同時包括揮發 性與非揮發性、可移與不可移媒體。舉例而言（而非限制）， 電腦可讀媒體至少包含電腦儲存媒體與通信媒體。電腦儲 存媒體包括揮發性與非揮發性、可移與不可移媒體，可以 任何用於儲存譬如電腦可讀指令、資料結構、程式模級或 其他資料之資訊的方法或技術施行。電腦儲存媒體包括（伸 不限於）RAM、ROM、EEPROM、快閃記憶體或其他記憶體 技術，CD-R〇m、數位多功能碟片（DVD)或其他光碟儲存、 磁卜生卡！、磁帶、磁碟儲存或其他磁性儲存裝置、或任何 其他可用以儲存需求資訊與可由電腦i i 〇存取之媒體。通 信媒體通常包括電腦可讀指令、資料結構、程式模組或在 調變資料信號（譬如載波或其他傳輸機制）内之其他資料， 且包括任何資訊傳遞媒體。“調變資料信號，，一詞意指一信 號具有能經設定或改變之一或多數特徵，以便將資訊編碼 在該信號中。舉例而言（而非限制），通信媒體包括有線媒 體（譬如有線網路或直接佈線連接）與無線媒體（譬如音 頻、射頻、紅外線及其他無線媒體）。以上之任何組合也包 括在電腦可讀媒體之範嘴。 系統記憶體1 3 0包括之電腦儲存媒體型式為揮發性及 /或非揮發性記憶體，譬如隨機存取記憶體（RAM)丨3 2與唯 讀記憶體（ROM) 1 3 1。含有可協助在電腦丨丨〇内之元件間傳 送資訊（譬如在開機期間）之基本常式的一基本輸入/輪出 系統13 3 (BIOS)通常係儲存於R〇M 13 1内。RAM 132通常 10 1269i83 含有可由處理單元l2〇立gr7 — ^ 存取及/或目前正在1上接# 之賢料及/或程式模組。舉例 ，、上知作 〜 吕（而非限制），第1A區1 - 軏操作系統1 3 4、應用裎式〗以廿 弟A圖不
35、其他程式模組136與程式 貪料137。 -、往A 電腦110也可包括其他 移/不可移、揮發性/非搜恭 性媒體。舉例而言（而非限制、 軍發 _ 制），第1A圖示範—讀自或寫至 一不可移、非揮發性磁性| _ 姝脰的一硬碟驅動程式i 4丨、一 用於讀自與寫至一可移、非 .. 皁嗌性磁碟1 5 2之磁碟驅動程 式1 5 1、與一用於讀自與寫至一 了移、非揮發式光碟156(譬 如一 CD ROM或其他光學拔姊、 。 尤干媒體）之光碟驅動程式155。其他 可用於該代表性操作環境中 兄中之可移/不可移、揮發性/非揮 發性電腦儲存媒體包括（作 (仁不限於）磁帶卡匣、快閃記憶 卡、數位多功能碟片、數位錄影帶、固態RAM、目態r〇M 與其他類似物。該硬碟驅動程式141通常是經由一如介面 140之不可移記憶體介面連接至系統匯流排i2 1，而磁碟驅 動程式151與光碟驅動程式155通常是藉由一如介面15〇 之可移式記憶體介面連接至系統匯流排i 2 i。 以上时論與不範於第1 A圖中之驅動程式及其相關電 腦儲存媒體提供電腦i丨〇之電腦可讀指令、資料結構、程 式模組或其他資料的儲存。在第1A圖中（例如）所示之硬碟 驅動程式141是作為儲存操作系統144、應用程式145、其 他程式模組146與程式資料ι47。請注意這些組件可與操 作系統1 3 4、應用程式1 3 5、其他程式模組1 3 6與程式資料 137相同或不同。在此給予不同數字之操作系統144、應用 11 1269183 程式145、其他程式模組146與程式資料i47，是用以示範 (最低限度)其等是不同#。一使用者可將命令與資訊經由 輸入裝置（譬如一圖形輸入板或電子數位板164、麥克風 163、鍵盤162與一般稱為滑鼠、執跡球或觸摸板之指向裝 置161)輸入電腦110。其他未顯示於第ia圖中輸入裝置 可包括一搖桿、遊戲墊、萬用碟、掃描器或其類似物。這 些與其他輸入裝置通常經由一耦合至系統匯流排1 2丨之使 用者輪入介面160連接至處理單元120,但也可藉由其他 介面與匯流排（譬如一平行連接埠、遊戲連接埠、統一串列 匯流排（USB))連接。一螢幕191或其他型式之顯示裝置也 可經由一介面（譬如一視頻介面丨9〇)連接至系統匯流排 121。螢幕190也可與一觸控式面板或其類似物整合在一 起。請注意該螢幕及/或觸控式面板可實體上耦接至一納入 電腦裝置110之殼體内，譬如在一圖形輸入板型式之個人 電腦。此外，譬如電腦裝置1 1 〇之電腦也可包括經由一周 邊輸出介面1 94或其類似物連接之其他周邊輸出裝置，譬 如喇叭1 9 5與列表機1 9 6。 電腦110可在一使用邏輯連接至一或多數遠端電腦 (譬如一遠端電腦1 8 0)之網路化環境中運作。遠端電腦1 8 0 可以是一個人電腦、一伺服器、一路由器、一網路P C、一 同級裝置或其他共用網路節點，且通常包括許多或所有上 述與電腦1 1 〇有關之元件（雖然在第1 A圖中只示範一記憶 體儲存裝置1 8 1 )。第1 A圖中例示之邏輯連接包括一區域 網路（LAN)171與一廣域網路（WAN)173，但也可包括其他 12 1269183 網路。此網路化環境係位於家中、辦公室、泛企業電腦網 路、内部網路與網際網路中之共用處所。例如在本發明中， 電腦系統11 0可至少包含資料可從其移植之來源機器，而 遠端電腦1 8 0可至少包含該目的地機器。然而請注意來源 與目的機器並不需要以一網路或任何其他構件連接，而是 資料可經由任何具備可由該來源平台寫入且由該目的機器 或平台讀取能力之媒體加以移植。
當使用在區域網路化環境中時，電腦11 〇係經由一網 路介面或轉接器170連接至區域網路171。當在廣域網路 環境中使用時，電腦1 1 〇通常包括一數據機1 72或其他用 於透過廣域網路 1 7 3 (譬如網際網路）建立通信的構件。數 據機172(内建或外接式）係經由使用者輸入介面160或其 他適當機制連接至系統匯流排 1 2 1。在一網路化環境中， 所顯示有關個人電腦1 1 〇之程式模組或其部份，可儲存於 遠端記憶體儲存裝置中舉例而言（而非限制），第1 A圖顯示 遠端應用程式1 8 5係駐留在憶體裝置1 8 1上。應瞭解所顯 示之網路連接是代表性，且其他在電腦間建立一通信鏈結 之其他構件均可使用。 第.1 B圖示範可實現至少部份本發明的另一適用操作 環境之範例（電腦裝置1 8 8)。如同第1 A圖，第1 B圖中之 操作環境僅是適用操作環境之另一範例，且不希望對本發 明之使用與功能性的範疇有所限制。第1 B圖中之其他電 腦裝置188通常包括至少某些型式之電腦可讀媒體。電腦 可讀媒體可為任何可由電腦裝置1 8 8存取之可用媒體（大 13 1269183 體上如上述之定義）。
第1 B圖顯示計算裝置1 8 8之功能組件，譬如一手持（口 袋大小或圖形輸入板）個人數位助理，包括一處理器1 8 9、 一記憶體190、一顯示器192及一鍵盤193(其可為一實體 或虛擬鍵盤）。記憶體 1 90大體上包括揮發性記憶體（如 RAM)與非揮發性記憶體（如ROM、PCMCIA卡等等）。一操 作系統1 94係駐留在記憶體190中且在處理器189中執 行，譬如由微軟®公司出售之視窗®CE操作系統，或其他 操作系統。 一或多數個應用程式1 95會被載入記憶體1 90且在操 作系統1 94上執行。應用程式之實例包括電子郵件程式、 排程程式、PIM(個人資訊管理）程式、文書處理程式、試算 表程式、網際網路瀏覽器程式等等。手持個人電腦1 8 8也 可包括一載入記憶體1 9 0之通知管理程式1 9 6，其係在處 理器1 8 9上執行。該通知管理程式1 9 6操控例如來自於應 用程式1 9 5之通知請求。
手持個人電腦1 8 8具有電源供應器1 9 7，如一或多數 個電池。電源供應器197可進一步包括可跨接或充電該内 建電池之外部電源供應器，譬如交流轉接器或電源連接座。 第1 B圖中所示之代表性手持個人電腦1 8 8具有三種 外部通知機制：一或多數個發光二極體（LED)與一音響產 生器199。此等裝置可直接耦合至電源供應器197以致當 啟動時，即使是手持個人電腦處理器1 8 9及其他組件因為 省電而關閉時，也能依通知機制之指令而維持一段時間/ 14 1269183
較 請 多 某 K 系 動 發 等 必 便 發 供 算 該 在 算 少 享 特 置 佳是LED 198會持續地維持著，直到使用者採取動作。 注意代表性音響產生器1 99會耗用現行手持個人電腦太 電池電力’因此其被設置為當其他系統關閉或在啟動後 些設定時間後關閉。 ϋ源之身份認證分散式計t 本發明大體上關於有助於分散裝置資源予其他裝置之 統與方法。本發明通常未涉及該等裝置資源彼此間之互 、在當時之通信内容或裝置間如何通信。而是大體上本 明較適宜被考慮為供裝置發現彼此之資源，而後容許該 震置可共孕擁有資源的一種結構方式。雖然並非本發明 須’為了有助於資源分散會提供保全用於實際用途，以 至少確保需求使用其他裝置之資源時之憑證。因此，本 明最好是以身份認證為基礎，其中所分散資源係依據提 予§亥專裝置之身份資料（如憑證）而彼此有關聯。 一般而言，本發明係關於在使用者裝置間之分散式計 ’其中使用者（或所有者/管理者）為經授權控制及/或使用 等裝置之任一者。然而，因為一般裝置是逐漸地散佈， 此說明之方法與系統更適當之說法是資源之分散式計 二例如，一單一分散裝置可由許多資源組成，但常只能 量地提供其中之一資源（如只布其非揮發性儲存）參與共 。儘管如本文所用，但名詞“裝置，，與“資源，，大體上除砟 別說明外是可互換的，例如使用其他裝置或使用其他裴 之資源以達成某計算工作大體上是可視為相同。同時如 15 1269183 本文中所用，頻寬係一裝置資源，即使頻寬通常可能不被 視為與任何特定裝置有關。
大體上如第2圖中所描述，依據本發明之各種特點所 建構之分散式計算環境200包括一第一裝置202(裝置A， 譬如第1A圖中之電腦系統110)與一第二裝置212(裝置 B，譬如第1B圖中之電腦系統188)，連同其他可能的裝置 (未顯示）。各參與分散式計算環境200之裝置包括一分散 式計算管理程式204與214。一般而言（及如下之說明）， 分散式計算管理程式204與214可至少包含透過某些媒體 (如，無線FM、譬如紅外線之視線内傳輸、衛星、直接連 接、網際網路或内部網路）互相通信之某些程式碼。確實有 不只一種此類之媒體可供使用，且可選擇最適於一特定情 況之一或多數之分散式計算管理程式204與214。
分散式計算管理程式204與214的一原始目的是在於 彼此定位。此定位可以是自動的，譬如藉由使各裝置經常 將其可用性廣播至他者及/或輪詢其他裝置之可用性，或者 可因應來自於一程式（或使用者）之特定請求而運作以連接 至另一裝置。如第2圖所示，分散式計算管理程式204與 2 1 4各分別包括一可交換憑證2 0 7、2 1 7或其類似者（如從 一認證服務220所獲得）保全機制206與216，以確保目前 操作與其接觸之裝置（及/或該裝置本身）的使用者是有效 地存在該分散式計算環境中，同理如需要時，即將接觸之 裝置也需是有效的。請注意使用中之程式也可被該保全/ 存取控制列入考慮（如一在一裝置上執行之第一程式可獲 16 1269183 授權使用另一裝置之資源，但另一程式則否），而無關或除 了該使用者身份及/或裝置身份之因素。進一步請注意保全 機制可以每一身份與每一資源之方式運作，如可授權一實 體使用一裝置顯示器而非其儲存體之同時，可授權另一實 體使用相同裝置之任何可用之資源，包括其儲存體。此係 類似於.NET之保全模式，其中服務提供之方法係根據提出 請求之使用者身份、界定其作用及作用之範疇，來控制存 取該使用者之資料。如此，資料可由其所有者存取且由所 有者決定共享之範圍。在本發明中，裝置資源代替資料而 被存取，藉由一使用者之身份、經界定之作用與該作用之 範疇會決定一資源可被存取之範圍。 誠然’本發明之保全機制係根據在NET服務中該等實 質上所使用之保全/存取控制，大體上揭示於2〇〇1年1〇月 22日申请之美國專利申請案序號第ι〇/〇〇3,754號標題為 身份 莖集中式 „資料存 Kldentity-centric Data Access)， 與序號10/003,767號標題為授權請求實體以在資料結楫^ SJl_(Authorizing a requesting Entity To Operate Up〇n Data Structure)，其等讓渡於本申請案之受讓人且在此以 引用方式併入本文。目前，至少該NET的一精簡子集會在 預期於環境200中公告與共享計算資源之各裝置上執行。 此外，與保全模式一致之區域網路可在此等裝置上執行， 以致即使當二區域同級裝置可能與集中（如通行證）認證服 務220(第2圖）不連接時仍提供區域性保全。 本發明並未受限於任何特定傳輸媒體，而是提供之分 17 1269183
散式資源服務可直接被目標裝置加以定址，或是經由網際 網路或内部網路（譬如經由在網上之集中式.NET服務）查 詢。當經由網際網路或内部網路連接時，一程式可查詢關 聯該使用者身份之任何裝置上可用的已知計算資源之最近 資訊（即使該裝置已離線或無法存取）。頻寬也是一資源， 且會影響一裝置之資源如何共享，如當個人電腦以高速連 接至網際網路時，（譬如）其他裝置具有一高速連接。事實 上，個人電腦可能希望利用其他裝置之高速連接，如此其 他裝置則可利用個人電腦之資源（如該等裝置可交換資源 以提供一更優之使用者經歷）。
依據本發明的一特點，分散式計算管理程式204與214 也各包括各自的發現機制2 0 8與2 1 8，其提供該等裝置去 發現另一加入裝置之共享資源/能力（意即，當其他裝置經 配置以共享其資源時）。各自的資源資料209與2 1 9會依據 界定之綱要加以格式化（如 XML)且交換，如下文中之說 明。如第2圖所示藉由所綱要資料2 0 9與219之交換，二 裝置202與2 04可經配置以與在該分散式計算環境中之其 他裝置等共享其資源（RA1至RAm與RB1至RBn)。然而應瞭 解在一特定環境中，一特定裝置（如一行動電話）可能只是 一資源之消費者而非任何資源之提供者，或相反地只是一 提供者而非一消費者。 共享其資源的一裝置無須直接傳送資源資料予其他裝 置，而是例如可在某處公佈其資源待其他裝置發現。例如， 一 .NET服務（.NET裝置）會設置有集中儲存裝置資源能 18 1269183 力，使得該資料得以在發送予一裝置前能適當地格式化 (如，不致發送高解析度圖形至一無法將其顯示之裝置）。 一類似.NET之資源服務或一延伸.NET之裝置服務，可用 以公佈此資訊至其他裝置。 下列各表提出可使用（如以經XML格式化資料）之實 例，以交換有關一使用者之裝置等的資源（儲存與處理能力） 資訊，在此實例中包括工作與家用個人電腦，與一蜂巢式 電話： <myStorage> 〈device name=’Work PC” uuid=”7a733d84-b394-4bal-56b5c0d> <driveSize/> <freeSpace/> <transferSpeed> <seekLatency/> </device> 〈device name=”Home PC” uuid=”6d733d84-b3f4-4bal-56b5c0f> <driveSize/> <freeSpace/> <transferSpeed> <seekLatency/> 〈/device〉 〈device name=”Cell Phone” uuid=”5f733d84-b3f4-4bal-56b5c〇e> <driveSize/> <freeSpace/> <transferSpeed> <seekLatency/> 〈/device〉 </mayStorage>
19 1269183 <myProcessingPovwer> 〈device name=’Work PC” uuid=”7a733d84-b394-4bal-56b5c0d> <cpuSize/> <cpuUsage/> <memorySize> <memoryUsage/> 〈/device〉 〈device name=”Home PC” 皿id=”6d733d84-b3f4-4bal_56b5c0£> <cpuSize/> <cpuUsage/> <memorySize> <memoryUsage/> </device> 〈device name=”Cell Phone” uuid=”5f733d84-b3f4-4bal-56b5c0£> <cpuSize/> <cpuUsage/> <memorySize> <memoryUsage/> 〈/device〉 </myProcessingPower>
如所瞭解的，該綱要最好是以資源為基礎，即對某一 資源型式會將多數裝置列一清單，以符合一具有分散式資 源供使用之身份的一般觀念，而與該資源存在之實際裝置 無關。雖然本發明未受限於任何特殊綱要及/或格式，例如 該綱要可能是以裝置為基礎，以致各裝置可提供其可用資 源之清單至其他裝置使相同資訊為已知。 大體上如第3圖所示，會提供一架構300以使各裝置 加入一智慧型分散式計算模式，其中所加入裝置之各種特 點會被抽取且由其他資源程式化地予以定址。一種統一即 插即用（UPnP2.0)基本建構或其類似者可用作為發現此等 資源之基本、低層機制3 02。另一選擇是，各種計算裝置 之資源清單可在某些習知位置加以快取（譬如主動目錄儲 20 1269183 存），以使遠端資源之查詢可行，即使是該裝置只能經由某 些中間物（譬如防火牆或無線集線器）存取。在該發現機制 上層為綱要3 04(例如關聯至該計算資源之各特定型式）， 各個此等綱要均顯現（例如）在該·ΝΕΤ架構中。 睛注思雖然U Ρ η P提供一適當之發現機制3 〇 4，其只是 實際使用該遠端計算資源之部份過程。因此UPnP與ΝΕΤ 技術係用於協助資源共享，但並非實際利用一裝置上可用 之資源。反而是一旦該資源已知，將會使用該特定資源領 域中適當地集中之協定。舉例而言，UPnP(及.net
indentityHeader、endpointHeader 及 requestHeader SOAP 語義論）係極適於獲得該遠端裝置之視頻螢幕特徵，然而譬 如RDP之通信協定在一開始發現且在該等裝置間交握發 生後會被用以轉移視頻資料。請注意此與現行.ΝΕΤ處理資 料之方式類似，如_ NET會提供一機制以連接一代表專有 (如傳訊程式）協定之電子端點，惟一旦連接上該端點，net 將容許該用戶使用一現存之即時通信協定。其他適用於其 他型式資源之通信協定也可使用，如用於儲存之CI j? s +， 其規模適於企業與家用儲存情況，且使得使用者之檔案系 統得以持續擴展至其他儲存裝置，無須強制使用者去處理 驅動程式文字、名稱空間等等。總而言之，本發明提供一 身份認證方式以發現此等可供使用之額外資源，但之後無 需直接處理其運作。 第6圖係表示本發明某些一般性特點之流程範例，開 始於表示接收到一請求使用共享資源之步驟6〇〇。該請求 21 1269183 可為一般性，如請求一使用者在經配置加入之裝置上可用 的資源清單，或者可能是請求一特定資源（如回應一公 佈）。對於此範例之目的，該請求會被視為對一特定資源之 請求。
步驟602表示對該憑證之評估，譬如由微軟.NET通行 證認證服務所提供之服務。該請求可包括憑證，或該憑證 可被分開地交換（如在步驟6 0 0之前、中或其後）。如果在 步驟6 0 2評估為無效，步驟6 0 2分岔至代表拒絕該請求之 步驟 6 04。請注意根據一特定環境，無正確憑證之請求將 被忽略而非特別加以拒絕。
如果評估有效則會執行表示決定可用之資源數量的步 驟 6 0 6。例如，一譬如為儲存體之資源會受限制，因為其 只具有有限之空間，而進一步可設置一裝置以使其部份之 儲存空間可用於共享，保留其餘部份自用。如處理器循環 之資源的可用性是使該處理器不能使用在其他方面，且即 使如此也可進一步加以限制，使得另一裝置只能占用未用 循環的某一最大限量。任何資源均可具有一與其關聯之逾 時值，其可進一步在其使用上設定條件，如每一請求可共 享儲存體之時間不超過1小時，且如果至少每二分鐘未偵 測到檔案系統之請求則該請求將被終止。以此方式，一裝 置可經配置在由其所有者/管理者控制之程度下共享其資 源。 請注意該資源存取可以是動態的（如未使用之處理器 循環可共享），然而 CPU使用係一變動數字，且請求之訪 22 1269183
客裝置可與共享該CPU之其他裝置及/或在該裝置上之處 理排定優先順序。例如，當該裝置之所有者未使用時，訪 客使用者可能只能耗用一可控制百分比之資源（譬如頻寬 或處理能力）。CPU與頻寬二者是依據時間限制（如每秒之 循環或位元）排程之資源的範例，而不是非時間為基礎之資 源（譬如所用之碟片或記憶體）。結果，以時間為基礎之資 源的排程機制一般會與非以時間為基礎之資源在本質上有 所不同。請注意公共資訊查詢站位置將使得許多情況有助 於此訪客。一譬如為顯示監視器之資源如不是全部就是完 全不供共享，視其是否正被使用而定。因此，雖然第6圖 中未顯示，當被請求之資源無剩餘數量可供共享時，步驟 6 0 6也會拒絕（或忽略）一請求。步驟6 0 8表示回送一回應 至該請求實體，較佳是提供該資源能力之資料予該請求實 體作為回應。
步驟6 1 0代表允許所請求之資源被共享，且包括（例如） 在該請求裝置與該共享裝置間之資料交換，使得該共享會 對該請求裝置施行一些相關工作。步驟6 1 2會測試資源是 否用盡，如時間到或是不再有效。請注意為求簡化，在第 6圖中此顯示為一迴路，然而應可容易瞭解該動作可為依 事件而驅動。再者，可在該迴路/中包括一步驟（譬如步驟 606)用以發動該事件，如會動態地監控該資源用途以決定 對該特定請求而言資源何時會用盡。請注意當該請求實體 通知該裝置已不再需要該資源時將會直接結束該資源 步驟6 1 4表示通知該請求裝置該資源將不再提供予其 23 1269183 使用。步驟1 < i _ 冰6 1 6表不使該資源不再供其使用，以致（例如） 一用盡’則該請求裝置如再要共享資源將需再提出一新 請求。 第4與第5圖提供本發明許多可能用途之某些實例。 從第4盥第 + /、弟5圖中可瞭解，整合計算的代理伺服器支援至 路邊緣叙置或設備對一内部網路之使用者可導致較佳之 使用經歷。 在第4圖所示之第一實例中，一小型行動裝置40〇(譬 如行動電話）希望列印至一印表機402，然而小型裝置 4 0 0 百 ^ 不〃有一適當之印表機驅動程式。這可能是因為行動 襄置400未具有足夠記憶體以安裝及維持需用於該印表機 402之印表機驅動程式，及/或未具有簡便之方式以安裝需 求之印表機驅動程式，及/或有其他原因。請注意此係實際 清況’且所建議之解決方式是從行動裝置4 〇 〇透過（例如） 某些網路連接（如經由第4圖之虛線）發射XHTML-PRINT 作為一簡化之 PDL(頁描述語言）至印表機 402。儘管 XHTML-PRINT可適用至某一範圍，此解決方式具有一些 缺點，如XHTML-PRINT並非一“所見即所得”、無法控制 斷行，且大體上提供一不佳之使用經歷。 如果經由本發明，行動裝置400首先動態地發現一配 備有適當印表機驅動程式406之個人電腦404裝置（且該行 動裝置使用者已獲授權使用），行動裝置4 0 0經由個人電腦 404提供列印資料至印表機驅動程式406，其隨後會使用 卩^^頁描述語言”⑽“以邙”或點陣圖形輸入產生一所見 24 1269183 即所得輸出。如前述，本發明提供該發現機制且隨後行動 裳置400可以任何方式與個人電腦404通信，譬如藉由一 有更同忠實度（與 XHTML-PRINT比較而言）之輕量 PDL。藉由利用個人電腦404内較快之速處理器與適當印 表機驅動程式406，結果可非常快速地描飧高品質輸出。
第5圖示範一第二範例，大體上當操作一待遙控地執 行在伺服器5 02 (如 ASP.NET伺服器）上之管理程式碼的 PDA(個人數位助理）500時，能提供一改良使用者經歷。達 成之方式係使該 PDA連接至該伺服器以執行該管理程式 碼（如藉由利用ASP.NET中支援之行動控制），所得結果以 HTML傳輸，如第5圖中之虛線所指。伺服器5 02動態地 縮放該HTML内容成符合裝置500之適當螢幕大小，無須 使ISV產生特定用途碼供各裝置500使用。然而，此需求 與裝置500間之往復動作（使螢幕閃爍以待新晝面），而大 體上提供一較差之使用者經歷。
本發明提供改良方式之達成係藉由使PDA動態地發 現一與使用者身份有關之個人電腦5 0 4玎作為一些什算資 源之代理，大體上如第5圖所示。在此/事件中，該pda 504，藉 之較小量資料在 遂過較慢；^键路往來伺服器5 0 2傳细 經由該代理個人電腦504發出一遠端傳訊之HTML請求。 個人電腦5 04截取該請求，且開始使遠端伺服器5 02卸载 該υι描繪管理裎式碼之時段（如使用wSDL作為與伺服器 ^2之通信協定）。通常從代理個人電腦504至伺服器5〇2 之頻寬，會小於從PDA裝置500至代理個人電腦 以使 25 1269183 顯示於PDA 500時產生一較有反應之使用者介面，而提供 一改良使用者經歷。當然，可先評估該二頻頻寬以確保該 代理方式係較優。
再者，請注意如PDA 5 00配備有使該伺服器能利用之 區域執行控制，則可提供更良好之經歷。例如，ASP.NET 會自動利用任何在一 PDA上局部執行視窗®操作系統之區 域控制（譬如一日期檢取控制）。此導致與伺服器5 02及/或 代理伺服器5 0 4間更少之來回動作，產生較少之螢幕更新/ 閃爍。
應可瞭解，藉由使計算資源以一身份為中心而非以駐 有該等資源之裝置為中心，可以有許多其他可行範例。該 資源綱要與服務結構並不限於僅描述該資源，也可包括協 助使該等資源協同工作之元件。此可由以下二種情況中得 以瞭解，即一組即時情況（其中該使用者係以即時與一遠端 計算裝置互動），及一組經排程或預測之情況。一預測情況 之範例可包括一偶爾在一家用網路上執行之儲存體負載平 衡機制，以確定不會使一計算裝置之儲存空間用盡，而另 一硬碟則具有許多空間。 因此，一豐富綱要可提供超乎描述資源本身之資料， 譬如排程之方法（在一特定時間或一正常時段）、排優先順 序之方法，及指出如何處理即時與預測工作或多數此類工 作間可能之競爭。該綱要可提供成本之觀念，（例如）如果 二連接可用於網際網路，重要的是能辨識出使用者須付一 種費用予無限存取而付另一種費用予透過不同機制傳輸一 26 1269183 資料量，而作出較好的選擇。
由一簽入系統之複製/共享可用以了解使用者如何與 其裝置互動，且達到使用者如何操作之一致觀點，而非只 具有因裝置所分隔之不同觀點。此資料係適當地讓許多裝 置得知，且將提供一自動方式以結合此資料。可根據所監 測用途儲存與交換預測最佳化，例如當系統得知一使用者 每週五在離開工作前會人工下載特定資訊至一手持電腦 時，該系統可在裝置閒置時間開始進行該下載，使該“同步 化”似乎是瞬間地。終端使用者之選擇/設定/嗜好對於共享 環境也屬有價值之資訊，如對某些使用者是符合需求或甚 至是必須之特點對他人則是不符合需求或甚至是令人生厭 地。藉由維持此資料，該終端使用者將有能力控制其經歷。 另外，在一典型環境中，將至少會有一豐富客戶使用該協 定/綱要以施行系統管理，其中“系統”指有關一身份之全部 資源。演算法與方法可使用該綱要用於預測此操作。
應瞭解的是，藉著經過抽取裝置資源且以一身份為中 心加以聚集，可使得許多有價值之情況可行。本發明將會 提供一些範例，但該清單不應被視為毫無遺漏或任何方式 之限制，而只應當作示範本發明許多好處與優勢的一部 份。如上述之範例，一具有小螢幕之裝置可利用連接至個 人電腦的一未使用電腦螢幕供較佳之顯示，使用一代理之 資源有助於在其本身之顯示器上呈現較佳之顯示（第 5 圖），或即使無印表機驅動程式而能由一印表機列印，藉著 經由具正確驅動程式之個人電腦連接至一印表機（第 4 27 1269183 圖）。
其他範例如一極低功率之裝置（譬如一行動電話），藉 著使用一個人電腦之記憶體與CPU施行複雜的計算。當第 一硬碟即將存滿時，所儲存之資料會自動地及明顯地從一 第一硬碟移至一第二硬碟，包括（例如）從記錄視頻程式化 之個人數位錄影機，且需要刪除老舊節目以騰出空間用於 近曰之記錄。本發明並非加以刪除，而是將該等老舊節目 移動而另外儲存。一可攜式隨身聽不需要能夠播放任何型 式之實體媒體，而是可從個人電腦接收且將聲頻資料存留 在緩衝記憶體^而後從記憶體播放。
其他範例包括容許使用者不論是在何處儲存均能易於 從任何裝置存取其檔案；例如當在路上只具有一小型個人 電腦時，能夠很容易地打開儲存在一家用個人電腦或工作 用個人電腦上之檔案，（與集中式.NET資料儲存無關）。一 使用者可看到在各種裝置（包括在企業網路中各種公用共 享點）。一連接至適當裝置之大螢幕電視可用以觀看儲存在 一個人電腦文件夾上之圖片、執行一投影片播放、觀看存 在個人電腦中之家庭電影或電影追蹤等等。 第7圖提供使用四個相互連接之計算系統（702至705) 之實施700的示範。該實施700包括一在計算系統704上 之命令殼體（shell)程式710及應用程式712(或類似之功能 程式碼）、一在計算系統702上之鍵盤資源7 1 4、一在計算 系統703上之儲存體（如一碟片）716，及一在計算系統705 上之顯示器 7 ] 8。如此，在此例中會將該資源分散使得在 28 1269183 電腦702上有一輸入資源、在電腦703上有儲存資源，及 在電腦704上有一輸出資源。電腦704作為實施例7〇〇之 協調主管。儘管資源分散在不同電腦系統上，該資源會依 據本發明來存取以便基本上形成一單一功能系統。 該殼體程式 710呼叫應用程式 712，且經由連接蜂 724、726與728連接至其他裝置之資源，第7圖中僅概念 性地示範為每一資源一連接埠（儘管可分別提供輸入與輸 出連接埠）。本質上連接埠至少包含可經由一處理寫至（輸 出）或讀自（輸入）該連接淳之結構化彳宁列。連接埠係具機動 性（資料不會遺失）且保全可與一連接埠聯結，使得除了希 望看到該看到資料之實體外沒有他者可看到。 使用在實施例 7 0 0中之殼體程式7 1 0係根據稱為 xSpresso之程式化語言，如2002年5月10曰申請之美國 臨時專利申請案第60/3 7 9,8 64號所揭示（在此以引用方式 併入本文）。一般而言，X s p r e s s 〇係關於一在非同步化系統 組件間經營控制與資料流動之程式化語言與執行時間。 XSpresso表達可程式化地驗證之程式與服務（包括順序與 時序）的共同空間。該語言可程式化地表達一由一可特訂之 標記認證語言（譬如XML)所形成之組織化綱要的通過。 在第7圖之範例中，標示1至4與6至10之數字箭頭 表示在連接埠724、726與728及殼體程式71〇間之通信， 以便將在儲存體7 1 6内之檔案的文字資料顯示在顯示器 718上，如類似習知“打字（type)”功能。在第7圖之範例中， 該鍵盤資源714之使用者藉由在鍵盤714(箭頭標示（1))上 29 1269183 打入“type” 一字而起始該操作。殼體程式710經由連接埠 724接收到此且將資料傳輸至連接埠 728而顯示在螢幕 718，（箭頭標示（2))，如回應使用者所輸入及/或提示儲存 有使用者希望顯示之文字的檔名或檔案。在第7圖中，標 示（3)之箭頭表示使用者打入該稽名（譬如對應於一 XML 檔），其也可被回應（未分開顯示）。
藉著該檔名，殼體程式7 1 0接著會將資料（由標示（3 ) 之箭頭表示）寫至對應至儲存體（如碟片）資源7 1 6之連接埠 726，其導致對該儲存體之檔案系統的一讀取請求。同時， 殼體程式710會呼叫（標示箭頭（5)之寬箭頭）應用程式712 以接收且輸出所讀取之資料。儲存資源7 1 6開始經由連接 埠72 6輸出資料至應用程式7 12以為回應，隨後將其輸出 至顯示器資源71 8之連接埠728，如標示（6)與（7)之箭頭所 示。標示（8)與（9)之箭頭表示以類似方式傳送之其餘資 料。標示（10)之箭頭表示返回殼體程式710之狀態（如，成 功）碼。
與本發明一致的是，儲存、輸入與輸出可放在不同的 系統上，未改變該實施例。繼承配合動作性可經由表示共 同繼承組件（如鍵盤、控制台與儲存體）之共同語言執行時 間（CLR)等級提供。系統分集會以一區域及明顯地分散實 施提供，如同是一致性與信息傳送之明顯操控。 由上述詳細說明可知，本發明提供根據以身份認證概 念為中心且用於裝置資源之分散式計算的方法與系統。該 系統與方法以一種提供許多利益予使用者之方式從個別的 30 1269183 裝置抽取一電腦之資源，且大體上改善該使用者之計算經 驗。該方法與系統是以綱要方式且可衍生及具高度彈性。 雖然本發明容許有各種變化與替代性構造，其某些示 範性具體實施例已顯示於圖式中且在上文中詳加說明。然 而，應暸解本發明不希望受限於所揭示之特定形式。相反 地，本發明希望涵蓋所有落入本發明精神與範疇之修改、 替代性構造與同等物。
【圖式簡單說明】 第 1A圖係大體上表示可納入本發明之電腦系統的方塊 園， 第1 B圖係大體上表示可納入本發明之另一電腦系統的方 塊圖； 第2圖表示依據本發明一特點在一分散式電腦環境中之各 種組件之方塊圖； 第3圖係大體上表示依據本發明一特點用於發現與交換資 源資訊之架構的方塊圖；
第4與第5圖係表示依據本發明一特點，如何能藉由分佈 電腦操作予資源而改善一使用者電腦經歷之方塊 圓， 第6圖係表示依據本發明一特點而施行以有助於在一分散 式電腦環境中共享資源之代表性邏輯與相關操作的 方塊圖； 第7圖係大體上表示依據本發明一特點包括資源分散的一 31 1269183 實施例之方塊圖。 【元 件 代 表 符 號 簡單說 明】 100 電 腦 環 境 1 10 120 處 理 單 元 121 130 系 統 記 憶 體 13 1 132 隨 機 存 取 記 憶體 133 134 操 作 系 統 135 136 其 他 程 式 模 組 137 140 介 面 141 144 操 作 系 統 145 146 其 他 程 式 模 組 147 150 介 面 151 152 磁 碟 155 156 光碟 160 161 指 向 裝 置 162 163 麥克 風 164 170 網 路 介 面 171 172 數 據 機 173 180 遠 端 電 腦 181 182 圖 形 介 面 184 185 遠 端 應 用 程 式 186 188 電 腦 裝 置 189 190 記 憶 體 192 電腦 系統匯流排 唯讀記憶體 輸入/輸出系統 應用程式 程式資料 ® 硬碟驅動程式 應用程式 程式資料 磁碟驅動程式 光碟驅動程式 使用者輸入介面 鍵盤 圖形輸入板 區域網路 · 廣域網路 記憶儲存裝置 圖形處理單元 視頻記憶體 處理器 顯示器 32 鍵盤 194 操作系統 應用程式 196 通知管理程式 電源供應器 198 發光二極體 音頻產生器 200 計算環境 第一裝置 204 管理程式 保全機制 207 憑證 發現機制 209 資源資料 管理程式 216 保全機制 憑證 218 發現機制 資源資料 220 認證服務 低層機制 304 綱要程式 行動電話 402 印表機 個人電腦 406 驅動程式 PDA 502 伺月艮器 個人電腦 702 計算系統 計算系統 704 計算系統 計鼻糸統 710 殼體程式 應用程式 714 鍵盤. 儲存體 718 顯示器 連接埠 726 連接埠 連接埠
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1269183 十、申請專利範圍： - 1. 一種計算環境中身份認證分散式計算方法，用以利於藉 由其他裝置存取裝置之計算資源，該方法至少包含： 在一第一計算裝置處發現一第二計算裝置； 在該第一計算裝置處獲得與該第二計算裝置有關之資 料，該資料包括依據由該第一計算裝置瞭解之綱要所格式 化之該第二計算裝置之資源資訊；及 該第一計算裝置截取該資料以存取該第二計算裝置的 一資源；以及 Φ 該第一計算裝置執行一計算工作，其包括存取該第二 計算裝置的一資源，以執行該計算工作之至少一部分。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，更包含： 從該第一裝置傳輸一使用該資源之請求至該第二裝 置。
3 .如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之方法，更包含： 從該第一裝置傳輸身份認證資訊至該第二裝置。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項所述之方法，其中該身份資訊對 應至憑證。 5 .如申請專利範圍第4項所述之方法，其中該等憑證係由 一認證服務提供。 34 1269183 6. —種具有電腦可執行指令以施行一方法之電腦可讀媒 體，用以利於藉由其他裝置存取裝置之計算資源，該方 法至少包含： 在一第一計算裝置處： 定位有關可供使用之至少一其他裝置的資源資 訊，該資訊之位置係根據一與該第一計算裝置有關之 身份； 從該資訊選擇一第二裝置之資源；及 鲁 執行一計算工作，包括存取該第二計算裝置之該 資源，以執行該計算工作之至少一部分。。
7. —種計算環境中身份認證分散式計算系統，用以利於藉 由其他裝置存取裝置之計算資源，該系統至少包含： 一有關至少一身份之第一計算裝置，該第一計算裝置 包括一第一資源，且經設置以藉由至少一有關該身份之其 他裝置存取該資源，該第一計算裝置依據與該至少一身份 有關之一資源綱要提供與該第一資源有關之資訊； 一第二計算裝置處，該第二計算裝置經設置以請求存 取該資源；及 該第二計算裝置施行一計算工作，包括使用在該第一 計算裝置之該第一資源以施行至少部份該計算工作。 8.如申請專利範圍第7項所述之系統，其中該資源至少包 35 1269183 含儲存。 9. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之系統，其中該資源至少包 含從該第一裝置到至少一其他計算裝置的一連接之頻 寬。 10. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之系統，其中該資源至少包 含一處理器之處理循環。 1 1 .如申請專利範圍第7項所述之系統，其中該資源至少包 括一輸入方法。 1 2.如申請專利範圍第7項所述之系統，其中該資源至少包 含一輸出方法。 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第 7項至第1 2項之任一者所述之系 統，更包含一連接至該第一計算裝置之第三計算裝置， 其中該第二裝置存取該第二資源以連同該第三計算裝 置施行一操作。 1 4.如申請專利範圍第1 3項所述之系統，其中該第三計算 裝置至少包含一印表機，且其中該第一資源對應於在該 第一計算裝置上之一印表機驅動程式。 36 1269183 1 5 .如申請專利範圍第1 3項所述之系統，其中該第三計算 裝置至少包含一伺服器，且其中該第一計算裝置係作為 該第二計算裝置之伺服器的一代理。 1 6.如申請專利範圍第1 5項所述之系統，其中從該第二計 算裝置至該第一計算裝置之頻寬，係大於從該第一計算 裝置至該第三計算裝置之頻寬。 1 7. —種用於如申請專利範圍第1至5項所述之一者的方法 之電腦可讀媒體，該電腦可讀媒體上儲存有一資源資訊 交換資料結構，其適於提供一第二裝置的資源資訊給一 第一計算裝置，該資源資訊交換資料結構至少包含： •一用於辨識一資源之型式的第一欄位； 一用於辨識一裝置之第二攔位，該裝置包括一與已在 該第一欄位辨識出之資源型式相對應之資源；
一組至少一第三攔位，該組内各個第三攔位會對應至 用於辨識有關由該第一欄位所識別之裝置資源的身份認證 資訊。 1 8.如申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第一攔位包括對應於一儲存資源型式之資訊。 37 1269183 1 9.如申請專利範圍第1 8項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第三欄位組包括對應於該儲存資源之全部大小資料之 資訊。 2 0.如申請專利範圍第1 8或1 9項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其 中該第三欄位組包括對應於該儲存資源之空白空間資 料之資訊。
2 1 .如申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第一欄位包括對應於頻寬資料之資訊。 22.如申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第一攔位包括對應於處理能力。 23 .如申請專利範圍第22項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第三欄位組包括對應於該處理器速度資料之資訊。
24.如申請專利範圍第22或23項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其 中該第三攔位組包括對應於一處理器用途資料之資訊： 2 5.如申請專利範圍第22或23項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其 中該第三欄位組包括對應於一記憶體大小資料之資訊。 38 1269183 2 6.如申請專利範圍第25項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第三欄位組包括對應於一記憶體用途資料之資訊。 27.如申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第二攔位包括辨識該裝置為一個人電腦之資訊。
2 8.如申請專利範圍第17項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第二欄位包括辨識該裝置為一碟片驅動程式之資訊。 2 9.如申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之電腦可讀媒體，其中該 第二攔位包括辨識該裝置為一電話之資訊。
39 1269183 七、指定代表圖： (一） 、本案指定代表圖為：第2圖。 (二） 、本代表圖之元件代表符號簡單說明： 200計算環境 2 04 管理程式 207 憑證 209 資源資料 2 1 4 管理程式 2 1 8發現機制 202第一裝置 206保全機制 208發現機制 212第二裝置 2 1 6保全機制 220 認證服務
八、本案若有化學式時，請揭示最能顯示 發明特徵的化學式： 無
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