TWI264845B - Method of forming an electrode structure useful in energy storage devices - Google Patents
Method of forming an electrode structure useful in energy storage devices Download PDFInfo
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- TWI264845B TWI264845B TW094108276A TW94108276A TWI264845B TW I264845 B TWI264845 B TW I264845B TW 094108276 A TW094108276 A TW 094108276A TW 94108276 A TW94108276 A TW 94108276A TW I264845 B TWI264845 B TW I264845B
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- electrode structure
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Classifications
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Description
1264845 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種形成電極結構的方 本發明係關於一種形成用於 奇疋吕之, 法。 b里儲存裝置之電極結構的方 【先前技術】
材:里置之電極結構習知係由包含粉末型式的碳質 Γ 合劑及溶劑的裝液製備。此浆液典型上使用刀葉 片方法塗覆於金屬箔集電器以提 ^ 风仏氷液的薄、均勻塗声 集電器,該經塗覆集電器接著於 曰、 f於烤相中乾燥以移除溶劑及 :、化黏合劑。該電極結構可接著選擇性地碍光以藉由減少 、 、兄刀羊減少電極結構的整體 孔隙度以硬化塗覆於集電器的電化學活性材料。 、伴隨關連於方法中使用溶劑形成電極裝置的此種習知方 法存在種種缺點,例如使用溶劑於這些習知方法會造成關 於料性有機化合物(V0Cs)釋入環境中的環境議題;伴隨 此種办劑的使用之增加成本(包括碟保溶劑自該電極結構 的足夠移除所需的增加烤箱乾燥次數所造成的增加能量成 本)。 克服伴隨習知電極組裝方法的缺點之一個企圖揭示於頒 予FlrS1Ch的美國專利第5,993,996號,Firsich揭示,尤其是, 藉由喷務、k覆兔化黏合劑及碳化聚合物前躺體於可移動背 材上形成碳電極單晶片。該經喷霧塗覆材料可在碳化前或 後自背材移除,經碳化材料可經由後續酸處理活化及官能 99230.doc 1264845 化。然而,希望具一種直接沉積經活化碳材料於集電器之 方法,其不需如Firsich所揭示的後續碳化及其最小化或消 除溶劑之需求。 【發明内容】 在本發明一個方向提供一種形成電極結構的方法,其包 括Q)藉由喷霧一種混合物至集電器而沉積多孔電極於集電 器,混合物包括:⑴碳;(ii)黏合劑;及,選擇性地,(丨⑴
電傳導添加劑;(b)加熱(a)的產物以熟化黏合劑;及,選擇 性地,(c)砑光(b)的產物。 在本發明另一個方向提供一種形成電極結構的方法,其 包括··(a)藉由靜電喷霧沉積一種混合物至集電器而沉積多 孔電極於集電器,混合物包括:⑴碳;(ii)黏合劑;及,選 擇性地,(iii)電傳導添加劑;(b)加熱(a)的產物以熟化黏合 劑;及,選擇性地,(C)砑光(b)的產物。 在本發明另一個方向提供一種形成電極結構的方法,其 包括:⑷預處理集電器以改良其表面能;(b)藉由嘴霧一種 混合物至該集電器而沉積多孔電極於該經改良集電器,混 合物包括:⑴碳;(ii)黏合劑;及,選擇性地,㈣電傳; 添加劑;⑻加熱⑷的產物以熟化黏合劑;及,選擇性地, (c)财光(b)的產物。 在本發明另—個方向,提供—種長壽命雙層電容器,豆 包括:⑷至少兩個由本發明方法製備的電極結構;(b)置: 該至少兩個電極結構之間的至少一個多孔分離㈣ 至少兩個電極結構及該至少-個多孔分離器接觸的電解; 99230.doc 1264845 溶液。 在本發明另一個方 向’ k供一種包含由本發明方法努 的電極結構之能量儲存裝置。 、備 /在本'明另一個方向,提供本發明能量儲存裝置於各 ::充之用迷’包括·汽車、電力品質系統、引擎啟動系統、 、 ’、、、’充、風車的能量儲存系統、醫藥系統、 /Ια車推進系統、軍用雷$ 電子糸統、傳輸糸統、商用電子系 消費者用電子系統、辦册々φ 2 / 另 t f式電子糸統、音聲系統及消費者 裝置。
本發明沉積方法的使用係使用為使用者及環境皆友善的 ;斗在白决液體塗覆應用方法所使用的有害逸出有機溶 :載體之需求幾乎被消、,於是,本發明沉積方法產生些 被(若存在)揮發性物質進入環境的排放;由此,減輕空氣污 染及伴隨此種揮發性物質的健康議題。而I,本發明方法 顯現非常高的塗覆效率,其係部分基於過喷霧材料的易循 % 11,例如,在本發明一個具體實施例中,至少乃重量% 的經錢粉末;或者是至少85重量%的經喷霧粉末轉移至 集電印及保g於其上,其餘粉末可容易地被回收及以重 量°/。或更高的速率循環。 合適用於本發明的沉積技術包括如,粉末火焰喷塗、火 喷塗熱解、燃燒化學氣相沉積、高速火焰熱喷、空氣電 漿喷霧、靜電喷霧、電弧喷霧及流體化浸人。在本發明一 個具體實施例中,㈣靜電喷霧沉積技術。在此具體實施 例的個方面,彳政細磨碎碳及黏合劑的混合物被施以靜電 99230.doc 1264845 荷及推進至集電器。在此具體實施例的另一個方面,可使 用‘準負電暈靜電喷槍以沉積碳及黏合劑的混合物於連接 至接地的集電器。此種喷霧槍的一個實例為購自Nordson
Corporation 0f Amherst俄亥俄的 VersaSprayll。 碳、黏合劑及,選擇性的,電傳導添加劑的經噴霧混合 . 物藉由如傳導、對流、輻射、電感熱能量、電磁輻射能; 或其組成而熟化。在一個具體實施例中,碳、黏合劑及, / ϋ擇性的’電傳導添加劑的經噴霧混合物加熱至高於黏合 劑的玻璃態化溫度,但低於黏合劑的分解溫度之溫度2至 120分鐘的期間;或是2至6〇分鐘;或是2至分鐘。 本發明方法可選擇性地包括集電器預處理操作,例如, 該集電器可進行表面處理以改善其表面能以增進其可濕性 及/或其黏著性質。 面預處理操作包括,如 、熱處理及化學處理。
適合用於本發明的集電器,表 電暈蝕刻、機械磨蝕、化學蝕刻 【實施方式】 牡一1回具體實施例中 W碍况積的多孔電極 頌現在25及500微米之間的平均孰 M m n 士 …化;度,或是在50及250 U木之間,或疋在50及15〇微米之間。 在一個具體實施例中,由本發 w w m^ n 方法所形成的多孔電極 心貝現、羞化y於1 〇%的均勻厚声· 2%;於5/0,或疋少於 合適用於本發明電極結構的 I ie,#知本技藝者知道選擇 集電器可由幾乎任何電導體 已知應用的集電器的適當建 99230.doc 1264845 造材料,例如,孰s 土 哭^ …、4本技☆者可認知要併入雙層超級電容 :的電:結構的集電器應由顯現對用於該裝置的電解材料 、: 及化予抗腐蝕的電傳導材料製造。在一個具體實 =例中,該集電器可由自銘、不鏽鋼、鋅、鈦、組、銅、 金、錄、或其組合所選出材料製造;或是自銅及鋁所選出 材料;或是鋁。 呈在個具體實施例中,該集電器可為一種包括,如,落、 ,三度空間結構的泡珠金屬、冷脹金屬、網狀物、網、毛 織物及其組合之型式。在此具體實施例的一個方向,該集 電器可由鋁箔製造。 。在一個具體實施例中,本發明集電器顯現-種5至500微 米的平均厚度;或是在5至10〇微米;或是在5及50微米。 “在本發明一個具體實施例中,碳、黏合劑及,選擇性的, 電傳導添加劑的混合物可包含5〇至98重量%的碳;或是5〇 。至95重量%的碳,或是50至90重量°/。的碳,或是50至85重量 %的碳’或是50至80重量%的碳。 在本發明一個具體實施例中’碳、黏合劑及,選擇性的, 電=導添加劑的混合物可包含不超過50重量%的黏合劑, 或,〇.5至50重量%的黏合劑’或是2至5〇重量%的黏合劑, 或是少於15重量%的黏合劑,或是〇5至1〇重量%的黏合 劑’或是少於5重量%的黏合劑。 在本發明一個具體實施例中,碳、黏合劑及,選擇性的, 電傳導添加劑的混合物可包含少於或等於1〇重量%的電傳 導添加劑;或是少於5重量%的電傳導添加劑;或是少於2 99230.doc 1264845 重量%的電傳導添加劑。 大網狀碳、碳 合適用於本發明的碳包括,如,活性碳 奈米管及富勒烯。 在-個具體實施例中,碳為活性碳及顯現大於i〇f_電 容。 - 在另-具體實施例中,碳為活性碳及顯現使用
Brunauer、Emmett、Teller(BET)分析方法所決定的表面積 ^為至少50m2/g,或是50至3,〇〇〇m2/g,或是至少5〇〇m2/g, 或是 500 至 2,500 m2/g,或是 8〇(^25〇〇m2/g,或是 1〇〇〇至 2,500 m2/g,或是 Uoo 至 2,5〇〇 m2/g,或是15〇〇至2,綱 m2/g 〇 在另-具體實施例中,碳為顯現由氮吸附技術的大於〇 ι m3/g的細孔容積之活性碳。 在另一具體實施例中,碳為顯現由 H〇rvath-Kawazoe(H-K)方法的孔徑分佈具至少一個尖峰在 ^ 0 · 1及5 · 0奈米之間之活性碳。 在另一具體實施例中,碳顯現由Barretw〇yner_ ' Halenda(B JH)方法的孔徑分佈具至少一個尖峰在2 〇奈米及 * 50.0奈米之間。 在另-具體實施例中’碳顯現具至少一個第一明顯高峰 於少於或等於2.0奈米的孔徑之孔徑分佈當利用Η_κ dWdl〇g(W)孔徑分佈測量時及至少—個第二明顯高峰,利 用BJH dWdlog(D)孔徑分布測量,於大於2 〇奈米的孔徑, 或是大於3奈米,或是大於5奈米,或是大於1〇奈米,或是 99230.doc -11- 1264845 大於12.5奈米。 奴為顯現少於50微米的體積平均 在另一具體實施例中 粒子大小之活性碳。 布 2 中厌為顯現微孔、介孔及大孔的分 不及至少500 m2/g的BET#而社 二虹 表面積,且10至80%的BET表面積 貝獻至具自奈米直徑的孔之活性碳。
在另一具體實施例中,碳為—種活性碳其顯現大於1〇F/g ,電谷;耐表面積大於50 m2/g,或是50至3,_ mVg,或 是2至少5〇0 4,或是500至2,5〇〇 4,或是800至2,500 m/g ’或是 M〇0 至 2,5〇〇m2/g,或是 1,3〇〇 至 2,500 m2/g,或 疋1’500至2,500 m2/g ;細孔容積大於〇」;至少一個 尖峰在(M及50奈米之間的孔控分布及少於5〇微米的體積 平均粒子大小。在此具體實施例的方向,該碳為大網狀碳 質材料,在此具體實施例的另一個方肖,該石炭為粉末。 適合用於本發明的活性碳可由數種起始材料製造包括, 如,酚-甲醛聚合物、三聚氰醯胺_甲醛聚合物、間苯二酚_ 甲醛聚合物、聚苯胺、聚丙烯腈、kyne卜嫘縈、椰殼、碳 水化合物(如蔗糖)、瀝青、木材及其混合物。 適合用於本發明的黏合劑包括,如,聚醯胺、聚酯、纖 維素酯、甲基纖維素、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏乙烯二氟(PVDF)、 聚苯颯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、泡沫聚四 氟乙烯(ePTFE)、乙烯丙烯雙烯單體(epdm)、高分子量聚 乙烯(UHMWPE)、苯乙烯系及其組合。適合用於本發明的 99230.doc 12 1264845 商業可提供黏合劑包括購自Atofina Chemicals of 飞 Phla’負州的Kynar® 761及Kynar® 2801。熟知本技 ☆者头道4擇適合用於包含本發明電極結構的已知裝置的 :口 J材料’例如’對用於雙層的電極結構、超級電容器, =本技右者知道選擇與要用於該裝置的電解質相容的黏 合劑材料。 /、體實轭例中,該黏合劑顯現少於或等於5微米的 I 粒ΐ大小。在另—個具體實施例中,該黏合劑顯 均粒子2碳所顯現的體積平均粒子大小的50%的體積平 適合用於本發明的電傳導添加劑包括 氧化欽、氧化針及其混合物,在一個且 反/,,、石墨 值逡、M A 1U具體貫轭例中,該電 傳導添加劑包括傳導性 該傳導性碳H 體實&例的-個方向, 商孝可提供’二、、、石墨及其混合物’適合用於本發明的 商業了&供厌黑包括’如,分別得自Azk0N()bel及 C〇rP〇ratlon的科琴黑及乙 該電傳導添加劑顯現少於或等::一具體實施例中, 小。 飞4於5〇4未的體積平均粒子大 本發明電極結構可用於多 雙層電容器(亦已知為超級電容存也裝置包括’如’電 “化4置及電容去離子裝置。包 電力 量儲存裝置可用於多種系統包括,如」=、、、口構的能 動系統、光電池的能量儲存系統二:,.先、引擎啟 醫藥系統、汽車推m “b里錯存系統、 車用電子系統、傳輸系統、商 99230.doc 1264845 (C2H5)4NBF4、(c?h 、 5)3(CH3)NBF4、(c H ) PBF 及( (CH3)PBF4的族群。在_加曰磁 4汉…汨5)3 、 在一個具體實施例中,著名的鹽類之一 可以 0· 1 至 2.5 mol/L,或 〇 ^ 5 ? 、 液。 次〇·5至2 m〇l/L的濃度溶解於有機溶 適合用於本發明的分龅 離夯了由,如,聚丙烯纖維的 ^織物、玻璃纖維的非織造織物、合成纖維、天然纖維或 其組合物所製造。 4 見在在下列,例中詳細敘述_些本發明具體實施例,在 下列實财說明的所有分率及百分率係以重量表示除非另 外訂定。 力 實例1 電極結構的製備 二種不同活性碳使用於實例丨_36。 在表I中標不ff B P - 1 5丨丨的石卢"άΤ日塞ώ η丄 的厌Τ購自日本Kuraray Chemical 的 BP-15。 在表I中標示為”EGL_572”的碳係由將購自賓州費城 Rohm and Hass Company的產品 Ambers〇rbTM 572碾碎為少 於3 0微米粒子大小而製備。 在表I中標示為”EGL-923”的碳係由將購自賓州費城 Rohm and Haas Company 的產品 AmberliteTMXAD-761 於 1,000 (:下奴化及在二氧化碳下活化而製備。接著將在這些 條件下產生的大網狀碳碾碎為少於30微米粒子大小。 六種不同黏合劑使用於實例3 6。 在表I中標示為’’PVDF’’的黏合劑可購自賓州費城At〇fina 99230.doc 1264845
Chemicals 的 Kynar® 711。 在表1中標示為,,PTFE,’的黏合劑可購自紐澤西州Dayton
Shamrock Technologies,Inc” 的 FluoroTM C-369。 在表I中標示為”AP”的黏合劑為藉由自實例2所敘述乳液 聚合物乾燥為粉末形式而製備的12重量%的聚(丙烯酸丁 S旨)/88重量%的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)乳液聚合物的丙烯酸系 粉末。 ^ 在表1中標示為’’AE’’的黏合劑為使用實例2所敘述步驟製 備的水相12重量%的聚(丙烯酸丁酯)/88重量%的聚(甲基丙 烯酸甲酯)乳液聚合物之丙烯酸乳液。 在表I中標示為Epoxy的黏合劑可購自紐約州(Tarryt〇wn)
Ciba Specialty Chemicals 的 Araldite® GT 7013。 在貫例2-19及27-29的每一個實例中,乾燥粉末活性碳與 AP以表I所說明分率混合。 在實例20-26及30-36的每一個實例中,乾燥粉末活性碳 f 與AE以表I所說明分率混合及接著在真空下於60γ乾燥24 小時。 在貫例2-36的每一個實例中,活性碳與黏合劑的混合物 使用IKA® A11擾拌器機械攪拌3〇秒至$分鐘。 在貫例1-36中,三種不同金屬用做集電器,表j標示為,,ai 箔”的集電器材料係購自得自Reyn〇lds c〇nsumer p^duets, a Division of Alec Inc.? 〇f Richmond3 Virginia^ Diamond
Aluminum Foil。表ϊ標示為”Cu箱”的集電器材料係購自紐約 H〇〇S1Ck Fall 的 Oak Mitsui Company,表城示為”AU 落,,的集 99230.doc 1264845 電器材料係講自俄亥俄州Cleveiand Αιι_ρ〇ιι§的铭箔。 在κ例1-3 6的每一個實例中,活性碳/黏合劑混合物係使 用購自俄亥俄Amberst Nordson Corporation的重力進料 標準負電暈靜電喷霧搶而靜電喷霧沉積於在 表I所才示不的75 mm x 125 mm集電器材料片。在靜電喷霧沉 積』Η «亥集電器材料收集於接地,及該靜電喷霧搶的控
制’數如下·進料空氣麼力1G _,喷嘴空氣壓力⑺^卜 及電壓100 kv。 在貫例1-36中,具碳/黏合劑混合物沉積於其上的集電器 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Blue Island Blue M Electric Co.^ ^ 〇V^580C-2對流爐。對每一個個別實驗,該爐子加熱至表i 斤‘ π /m度。具妷/黏合劑混合物沉積於其上的集電器接著 於爐子熟化並於表1所說明時間期間保持爐子溫度於所標 示溫度。 只4 6的每自結果係提供於表卜每—個實例所產生 :句勾多孔電極之沉積在表1的”均勾多孔電極"的核對標示辨 硪。均勾多孔電極係定義為完全覆蓋及黏著於集電器(由目 視檢查決定)的均勻碳/黏合劑層。㈣包括相對黏著強度 的指示,其係由在實例9、〗〇、Η ^ 貫例9 10 15、2〇-26及30-26所沉積多 孔電極顯現,(亦即,對每一 „11(± ,座玍岣勾多孔電極之沉積的 :例)^表示多孔電極顯現相當差的黏著,, 電極顯現相當良好的黏著, ^ Η# 3表-多孔電極顯現相當強的 夕電極的相對黏著強度係由人工餐決定。 99230.doc 17 1264845
表I 樣品 號碼 集電器 碳 黏合劑 型式 碳分率 (重量 %) 黏合劑 分率 (重量 %) 熟化溫 度(〇F) 熟化時 間(分 鐘) 均勻多 孔電極 相對黏 著強度 1 A1箔 EGL-572 - 100 0 450 10 2 EGL-572 PVDF 95 5 450 10 3 EGL-572 PVDF 95 5 500 15 4 EGL-572 PVDF 95 5 450 10 5 EGL-572 PVDF 85 15 450 10 6 EGL-572 PVDF 85 15 500 15 7 EGL-572 Epoxy 85 15 450 10 8 EGL-572 PVDF 85 15 450 5 9 EGL-572 PVDF 50 50 450 10 V 2 10 Cu箔 EGL-572 PVDF 50 50 450 10 V 1 11 EGL-923 PTFE 50 50 350 10 12 EGL-923 PTFE 50 50 500 5 13 EGL-923 PVDF 95 5 500 10 14 EGL-923 PVDF 85 15 500 10 15 EGL-923 PVDF 50 50 500 10 V 2 16 EGL-923 PVDF 95 5 500 105 17 EGL-923 AP 50 50 400 15 18 EGL-923 AP 85 15 400 15 19 EGL-923 AP 95 5 400 15 20 EGL-923 AE 50 50 400 15 V 3 21 EGL-923 AE 85 15 400 15 V 1 22 EGL-923 AE 95 5 400 15 V 1 23 BP-15 AE 50 50 400 15 V 3 24 BP-15 AE 85 15 400 15 V 1 25 EGL-923 AE 50 50 400 15 V 3 26 EGL-923 AE 95 5 400 15 V 3 27 A11 - EGL-923 AP 50 50 400 15 28 EGL-923 AP 85 15 400 15 29 EGL-923 AP 95 5 400 15 30 EGL-923 AE 50 50 400 15 V 3 31 EGL-923 AE 85 15 400 15 V 1 32 EGL-923 AE 95 5 400 15 V 1 33 BP-15 AE 50 50 400 15 V 3 34 BP-15 AE 85 15 400 15 V 1 35 EGL-923 AE 50 50 400 15 V 3 36 EGL-923 AE 95 5 400 15 V 3 99230.doc -18- 1264845 實例2 BA/MMA乳液聚合物黏合劑之製備 12重量%的聚(丙烯酸丁酯)及88重量%的聚(丙稀酸甲酯) 聚合物組合物係使用下列步驟製備: (A)於配備漿式攪拌器,加熱架及溫度計的5公升,心頸, 圓底燒瓶加入: (i) 1267份去離子水;
(ϋ) 0·20份酒石酸; (iii) 0.018份硫酸亞鐵;及 (iv) 17.8份月桂硫酸鈉於水的28%溶液; (B)接著加熱圓底燒瓶的内容物至48〇c並以氮氣喷佈; (c)藉由合併下列製備第一乳化單體混合物(EMM); (i) 117·4份甲基丙稀酸甲g旨; (ii) 16.0份丙烯酸丁酯; (iii) 99.5份去離子水;及 (iv) 3.46份月桂硫酸納於水的28〇/0溶液; (D) 接著以高速機械攪拌器乳化(c)的產物; (E) 接著將(D)的產物加至圓底燒瓶内容物; (F) 將圓底燒瓶内容物的反應溫度調整至45〇c ; (G) 將0.G72份甲搭合次硫酸氫鈉二水合物溶解於3 53份 去離子水; (H) 接著將(G)的產物加至圓底燒瓶内容物; 、⑴接著將0.074份第三丁基過氧化氫及〇〇74份第三丁基 過氧化氫(70%於水中)加至圓底燒瓶内容物; 99230.doc 1264845 (J) 接著由合併234.8份甲基丙稀酸甲醋、32.0份丙稀酸丁 醋、144.2份去離子水及1.62份月桂硫酸鈉於水的28%溶液 製備第二EMM ; (K) 接著將(J)的產物加至圓底燒瓶内容物; (L) 接著將圓底燒瓶内容物的溫度調整至57QC ; (Μ)接著將0.309份月桂硫酸鈉於水的28%溶液及0.3 14份 70°/。第三丁基過氧化氫接著加至圓底燒瓶内容物; (Ν)接著由合併352.2份甲基丙稀酸甲醋、48.0份丙烯酸丁 醋、193.4份去離子水及2·38份28%月桂硫酸鈉溶液製備第 三 EMM ; (〇)接著將(N)的產物加至圓底燒瓶内容物; (P) 接著將反應溫度調整至52°C ; (Q) 將0.464份28%月桂硫酸鈉溶液(溶解於22.7份去離子 水)及接著0.460份70%第三丁基過氧化氫接著加至圓底燒 瓶内容物;
(R) 接著藉由合併下列製備第四EMM ; (i) 469.7份曱基丙稀酸甲酉旨; (ii) 64.0份丙烯酸丁酯; (iii) 259.5份去離子水;及 (iv) 3.40份28%月桂硫酸鈉於水; (S) 接著將(R)的產物加至圓底燒瓶内容物; (T) 接著將反應溫度調整至49°C ; (U) 接著將2· 14份月桂硫酸納(溶解於1 〇4·6份去離子水) 及2.14份過硫酸鉀(溶解於104.6份去離子水)加至圓底燒瓶 99230.doc -20- 1264845 内容物; (V) 將0.213份28%月桂硫酸鈉(溶解於10.4份去離子水)及 接著0.322份70%第三丁基過氧化氫接著加至圓底燒瓶内容 物; (W) 15分鐘後,〇·213份28%月桂硫酸鈉(溶解於1〇·4份去 離子水)及接著0.322份70%第三丁基過氧化氫接著加至圓 底燒瓶内容物;及 (X) 15分鐘後,冷卻圓底燒瓶内容物至30°C以提供聚人物 產物。 99230.doc -21 -
Claims (1)
- :買 1264845 弟94108276號專利申請案 申請專利範圍修正本 (95年6月19曰) 一種形成電極結構的方法,其包括 (a) =積多孔電極於集電器,其係藉由於該集電器上噴霧一種 混合物而達成,該混合物包括: (i)碳; (i i )黏合劑;及, (iii)選擇性地,電傳導添加劑;及, (b) 加熱(a)的產物以熟化該黏合劑。 2.如申請專利範圍第!項的方法,其中該混合物進_步包括— 種電傳導添加劑。 其中該多孔電極係藉由靜電 其進一步包括 3·如申請專利範圍第丨項的方法 噴務、/儿積方法沉積於該集電器 4·如申請專利範圍第丨項的方法 (c) 砑光(b)的產物。 其進一步包括預處理該集電 5·如申請專利範圍第〗項的方法 器以在沉積該多孔電極前 則改鉍其表面能量w 6.如申請專利範圍第】項的方 至50重量%。 …中黏合劑佔該混合物的 其中該黏合劑的體積平均粒 Λ如申請專利範圍第1項的方法 子大小係少於或等於5微米。 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法 (修正本)93026L 1 1264845 ’’ 9·::::利範圍们項的方法’其中該電極結構係用於製備 月b置儲存裝置。 :::利:圍弟9項的方法’其中該能量儲存裝置可用於 I:、統風=!!系統、引擎啟動系統、光電池的能量儲 軍用電子李::二儲存系統、醫藥系統、汽車推進系統、 早用冤子糸統、傳輪系 统、鞞嫌+ f工$ 、'、商用電子系統、家用電子產品系 、、死攜v式電子產品系絲 ''曰響系統及/或家用電器之系統中。(修正本)93026L 2
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